The Doublet Method Medical Record Scrubber
The doublet method (medical record de-identifier) will accept
any plain-text file. To
demonstrate the versatility of the doublet method, and to serve
as a source of comparison with other de-identifiers, I downloaded
a public domain book from Project Gutenberg, and posted here the
de-identified output, of the entire book.
For a general guide to medical confidentiality and deidentification,
you may like to read one of my earlier publications on the topic at:
http://www.julesberman.info/confapi.htm
Project Gutenberg is a remarkable resource that publishes plain-text
versions of literary gems that have passed out of copyright. I used
Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine by George M. Gould and Walter
Lytle Pyle. This book has lots of medical terminology and vaguely
resembles the kind of text that might be included in a pathology
report. Anyone can download the same text from:
http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/747
When you look at the scrubbed output in this file (below),
you will notice that there
are many blocked words.
This is a limitation of the doublet method. If you use the standard
list of doublets on any random book, you're bound to block some
innocent doublets that weren't included in the "approved" list.
The only way to get around this limitation is to try to add safe
doublets (from the text) to the "approved" list.
The strength of the doublet method is speed
(the 2.4 Megabyte book was de-identified in 3 seconds,
thousands of times faster than other de-identifiers described
in the literature).
Also, the doublet method is virtually perfect. I have never
encountered a missed identifier in text scrubbed by the doublet
method.
If you find any identifiers in the de-identified book, please
let me know. Finally, the doublet method is simple.
Examples of the scrubber working on contemporary medical
text is available at:
http://www.julesberman.info/pathol6.htm
The Perl script that I used to scrub the book is shown below,
in its entirety. In the script, "aacom10.txt" is the Project
Gutenberg file for Anaomalies and Curiosities of Medicine. The doublets
list (requried by the script) is available as a public domain
file.
http://www.julesberman.info/doublets.htm
As with all my distributed scripts, the following disclaimer applies:
The perl script for deidentifying text using the doublet method is
provided by its creator, Jules J. Berman, "as is", without warranty
of any kind, expressed or implied, including but not limited to the
warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and
noninfringement. in no event shall the author or copyright holder be
liable for any claim, damages or other liability, whether in an action
of contract, tort or otherwise, arising from, out of or in connection
with the software or the use or other dealings in the software.
The script is distributed under the
GNU General Public License (www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt)
#!/usr/local/bin/perl
$begin = time();
open(TEXT,"doublets.txt")||die"cannot";
$line = " ";
while ($line ne "")
{
$line = $getline = <TEXT>;
$getline =~ s/\n//;
$doublethash{$getline}= "";
}
$end = time();
$totaltime = $end - $begin;
print STDERR "Time to create ";
print STDERR "the doublet hash is ";
print STDERR "$totaltime seconds.\n\n";
close TEXT;
$begin = time();
$/ = "\n\n";
open(TEXT,"aacom10.txt")||die"cannot";
open(STDOUT,">aacom10.out")||die"cannot";
$line = " "; $oldthing = ""; $state = 0;
while ($line ne "")
{
$line = <TEXT>;
next if ($line eq "\n");
#print "Original - $line" . "Scrubbed - " ;
$line =~ s/\n$//;
$line =~ s/\n/ /o;
my @linearray = split(/ +/,$line);
push (@linearray, "lastword");
foreach $thing (@linearray)
{
$originalthing = $thing;
$thing = lc($thing);
$thing =~ tr/a-z\'\-//cd;
if ($oldthing eq "")
{
$oldthing = $thing;
$originaloldthing = $originalthing;
next;
}
$term = "$oldthing $thing";
if (exists($doublethash{$term}))
{
print "$originaloldthing ";
$oldthing = $thing;
$originaloldthing = $originalthing;
$state = 1;
next;
}
if ($state == 1)
{
if ($thing eq "lastword")
{
print $originaloldthing;
print "\n\n";
$oldthing = "";
$state = 0;
next;
}
print "$originaloldthing ";
$oldthing = $thing;
$originaloldthing = $originalthing;
$state = 0;
next;
}
if ($state == 0)
{
if ($thing eq "lastword")
{
print "\*\.\n\n";
$oldthing = "";
next;
}
$punctuation = substr($originaloldthing,-1,1);
if ($punctuation =~ /[a-zA-Z0-9]/)
{
$punctuation = "";
}
print "\*" . "$punctuation ";
$oldthing = $thing;
$originaloldthing = $originalthing;
next;
}
}
}
$end = time();
$totaltime = $end - $begin;
print STDERR "Time following ";
print STDERR "doublet hash creation";
print STDERR " is $totaltime seconds.";
exit;
ANOMALIES and * of MEDICINE
* * * collection of rare and * cases, and of the most striking instances of abnormality in all * medicine and *, derived from an * * * * from its origin to the present *, *, annotated, and *.
* * *. *, *, *. * * *. *, *, *.
* * *.
*.
Since the time when * * * * * * * * his own * and the * * * *, the anomalous * * have been * and persistent * * *; and especially * true of the construction and functions of the human *, indeed, it was the anomalous that was * * * in the * the attention, * * that were * to develop into the body * * which we now * *. As by the aid * * * * * * * * * our vision into the * * * has emerged *, we find * * and even evidence of *. To the highest type of * * it is the * the ordinary * * * * *. * to such, no less than to the most *, * * * is of absorbing interest, and it is often * * that the * * the most * into the heart of the mystery of the ordinary. * * been said, * * * * *. * * dermoid cysts, for example, we seem to * * * the secret * of Nature, and * out into the * * of her clumsiness, and * of her * * * *, *, * tell us much of * * * used by the vital * * * * even the silent * * * upon the * * *.
* * * * * * *' * * * * *, * * *" * *, and looking at the matter * we find that it was the strange and * * * body that * * * as well as much of * attention. In the beginning, the organs and functions *, the mysteries of sex, not the routine of digestion * *, * * *, and in them *, as it were, an * * * down into * of matter and the * * * *, * them to * * * * *. * * * of primitive * * * * that has been * * * society by the *. Among the older *, such as * *, and even in the older *, * * * as well as civil and political *, * * *, and especially the aberrations of form or function * * *, * the eye * *. * * records of early *, * * began to * *, it was again the same order of * * singled out by the attention. The very * * * * * to many * * widely separated * organs of generation as * those of the brain, * of the state of mind that led to and * * of dissection.
In the literature of the past * * predominance of the interest in the curious is exemplified in the * * * * titles, in which the * * *, *, *, *, *, *, *, * *, * *, *, * when medical science * * *, it was * * and rare that were thought worthy of *, * * * * illustration of the common, or of *. With all his * * *, * * * * book with references to * strange, and * *.
In our day the * seems to be *, * * any medical * is without its rare or "unique" *, * * chiefly by * of its * features. A * is invariably reported, and the insertion of such a * * productive of correspondence * discussion with * of finding a * for it.
* view of all this it seems itself a * fact that there has never been any * * of medical *. * have been most * that numerous * * into existence in response to such a * *. * * * appears to be the first * to classify * * the literature of this * has been * purpose to * * and to * * the records of the most *, bizarre, and * that are found in medical literature of all ages * * * *. It will be readily seen * a collection must have a function far beyond * * * *, even if * * * * * *" *, as we *, * * * * * all such cases in the literature of Medicine *, *, *, *, *) * show the * * * * from the ordinary, * * the future clinician and * must have use for * * decides whether his own strange case has * * * *. He will thus be * * * * of his statements and the accuracy of his *, to know * * * * * *, and by * * * * * * * * * to what * tissues and * be damaged * * death, and thus the surgeon * to proceed to his * with greater * * * * as to the issue. If a * * * play the part of a successful * * *, certainly a * surgeon may * entering the * * *. * * portions of an * *, *, parts of the liver, or the brain * be lost *, and the patient * *, the physician is * * * * *, and that if possible to arrest * these organs before their total destruction, the prognosis * * acquire new and more * *.
Directly or * * * * have also * * * * *; in fact, it must * that much of the importance of medical * in a * comprehension of the anomalous and rare * *. * * * has its * * * * * of the occurrence of * *, * * deviations from the natural. * * should be able to maintain * * by a * * * to any * * * * by his *; and it is only by an * * * * anomalies that an authority * * can hope to substantiate * * *. In every * * he is closely * * * * dose of the drug in question that has been * *, and the smallest dose that has killed, and he * to have the cases of * * * * * * *. * * with a child * *' gestation may be saved the loss of * * * * * cases in which * * * *' *; * * of the viability of a * * may alter the disposition of an *; * * * * * * on the * without external * * * * * *; and so it is with many other cases of * *.
It is * that in * * * * * * in our * for the * so often * * of our * * and peculiar * * *, also, to enter a mild * against the modern * * * * with a * * * * * * and reports of * and physicians, * they lived hundreds of years ago. We are * of the power * by the * * * past, but as applied to early *, * suggest that * may easily be too *. * *, * * a monster, we may * * *, * *, * *, and make * * * * * * * *, coupled with the * * * * *; but when he describes in his own * * * * * have seen on the * or in * *, we think, * * *, * * *. For the rest, * * not that the modern * * be mild, * as much of a * as his * * if we find * instances that are essentially * * * reported in * journals or books, and * * *. In our * we have *, * as possible, to cite * cases from the older * * more recent *.
* * suggests the question of * in general. * * hardly be said that the * * * have usually * * * *, * * * * have many times proved that * *, * * in most *, * * * *, * *, a scientific * * and if it is so with *, * must be the * * based upon * * *? It is * for us to guarantee the * * *. If we have been * certain of *, * not even have * * * *. * * do no more with apparently * *, * * * men, than to cite author and source and * * *, * * * must end.
* * * * * * * never to end was in * out the enormous * requisite for a * that we had omitted no * that might lead * *, * * *. Choice in * *, of course, * * * *, and especially * the present, there is considerable * * * with the purpose of * * results in one *. * *, it may be said that several years of * have been spent by us in the great * * * United States and * in collecting the material *. *, * of this, * * errors are to *, we shall be grateful to have them pointed out. It must * that limits of space * * * of the cases, and the prime object of the whole * been to * collect and group the * *, and allow the reader to form his own conclusions * his own *.
As the entire labor in the preparation of the * *, from the * of the idea to the completion of the * * * the personal work of the authors, it is * * of the authenticity of the reports * * material is presented.
* references are given to those * that are * unknown or unique, or that are worthy of * or further *. To prevent * * the book with *, in those instances in which * a number of cases of the same nature, and a description * been thought *, * * * * are but * * * * *. * * * * * * has been added at the end * *. * contains the most important sources of *, and each * * * * has its own *, * used in its * * through the book *, * *, *; the New * * *; * * * * * * * that every effort has been made to * * * group the thousands of cases contained in * * * of no small proportions in itself), a * index is a practical * for the full * * is essentially a *, and consequently * * *, in which may be found not only the subjects * and numerous *, but also the * the authors of the most important *. A table of * * *.
* assume the responsibility for * * *, certain abbreviations, and the occasional substitution of * * *, fractions, and *, * * * space, and in some cases to more * * * *. From the variety of the reports, * * * * is almost *.
As we * * increasing our data, we shall be * to receive information of any * * * *, either of the past or in the future.
For many * * * * * * * * * *, among others, to acknowledge our * * * to the officers and * * * * * *, *, * Library of * * * * * *, * Library of the *, * Library of the * * *, * * * * * * *, * *, and the Library of the * * * *. * * *. *. *, *, * *. *.
* TABLE OF *.
* * *. * * *.
*. * * *.
*. * * *.
*. * *.
*. * * *.
*. * * *.
*. ANOMALIES OF *, SIZE, AND DEVELOPMENT *.
*. * *.
*. PHYSIOLOGIC AND FUNCTIONAL * *.
*. * ANOMALIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK *.
*. * ANOMALIES OF THE EXTREMITIES *.
*. * ANOMALIES OF THE THORAX * * *.
*. * ANOMALIES OF THE GENITOURINARY * *.
*. * * * *.
*. * TYPES AND INSTANCES OF DISEASE *.
*. * * *.
*. * * AND MENTAL * *.
*. * * *.
lastword lastword ANOMALIES AND * OF MEDICINE.
* *.
* *.
* * * been of interest, not only to the student of medicine, but to the * as well. In * * were many * * * *, all of * the era of physiologic *, were of *. * * to be the natural * * of the * * *, * * * * * * was to be *; * * * deleterious to the whole * *, as, for * the older * we find that * *: * * of a woman in this state, * will become *, * * * by her * *, * * * plants are * up, and the fruit will fall * * * * * *" * * says that the * * * * * about the fields * the vegetation * worms and *. * *, * blood was believed to be so * * * * of a * * * * * * * * * *. Among the indigenous * * * * * that one of the *, * * * * lying on his * * * *, * *, and died of * * * *. *, * * during this * * * * anything that * *. * said that * * of a * * * take the * out of *, and the next * * in it would be * * a man who * * * a tree * * * because a * * * * * *. * that the * * by the * * * * corresponds with the * * * *. * the time of menstrual * * obliged to *, and in most instances to occupy * *, * * * are forbidden to prepare * for anyone *. It was believed that, were a * * * * * *, * *, or a *, * * would have *. * men are in the habit of making a * * * * * *" which is to the * * *" will be effective provided that no * * condition is allowed to approach the * of the official *.
* * * * the ancient * the dangers of sexual intercourse during this period, and the * many such * * * * * * * * of the * * * at this * at one time * * held in much * *.
On the other hand, in some of the * * * * regarded as *, and the first * * * * * * * * * in order that the first * might not be *, *, because it was * to be the * and best * *. * * * * at the present day in * * *, despite the efforts of the * * * them, and descriptions of * and their * have often been given by *.
As the advances of * * * * as to the true nature of the menstrual period, and the age of * *, the intense interest in *, and now, rather than * held in fear * *, * * * * see the results of * this period. The * * of the * * * * of the * * examples of *.
* anomalies of * * * * * much attention, and we find medical literature of all times * *. While some are simply examples of * * *, and were so * * * * *, there are many that are physiologic * * *. * * * * * the case of a young * * suffered from * *, *, instead of * through the natural * * * * on the leg for a period of *, when the * of the discharge changed to an eruption * * arm, and continued in this location for one year; * * shifted to a * on the thumb, and at the end * six months * changed, the next * being on * *; * * * for a period of two * * * * * describe a case * with the foregoing, though not * the source.
*, in a collection of physiologic * * a period of a century and a half, * * * from the skin. * has also * * of this *. * * of bloody * * in a woman * *; * *, * * but a week or a *, and the * not confined to any one *. * * * * of a case of suppression of the menstrual * * there were * contractions of the body, * * of the right *. Later on, the patient received a * the left eye * *; swelling of this *, and one * * * * from it, * * * from the skin of the nose, and * * from the skin of the fingers and from the nails.
* * * account of a healthy * *, * years of age, * * * * * * * a half years; the * * * irregular and * * hemorrhages from the * * *, * attacks of *. * * *, * * * *, and, later, * * from the * of the left breast and right *, * * * *, and finally * * * * * *. Microscopic examination of the * * * * present. There are two somewhat similar * of in * *. The first was that of a *, *, * * *' suppression of the *, * the flow from a vesicular * * *. The other case was quite peculiar, * * * *, * * from time to time through *, * of a * *, * on the breasts, *, *, * *. * records a case * * *, in which the * * the character * *. * * * instance of *, in which the ordinary * * replaced by *.
* * of a woman who, * * * *, suffered from * *, * * * on the right * *, at the age of six years, issued a * * * *. One day, while in *, * * * *. * * at the age *, and was * * in her *; * * * * * * *. * * * * * * first pregnancy, * * * *, when the * were a few days in *, * * * * from the *, *, *. As in the case * * *, * was found by microscopic examination to consist of * constituents of blood. An additional element of * this case was the occurrence of occasional * *.
* from the * in close * with the * *, we would * expect to find the * involved in cases of anomalous *, and the * * * * * in the abundance of * on record. * * instances of * * nipple; and *, * *, *, *, * *, * * are some of the * who have * * *. * * the wife * * *, an iron *, * * * * * from the breasts * * * * * necessary to receive the * * the history of a case in which the * was associated with a similar * * *, * * * an example associated with hemorrhage * *. In the * *) is an instance of * * beneath the left *. * * * * * of mammary * * *. * * case in St. * *, *, in which the * * * from the nipple and stomach. * * * there was * the case of a healthy * * * * * *, * * * * two years *, but who * * * * * from the nipples, the hemorrhage * * as to require * change of *. * * * and painful, and the accompanying * * * * *. * * * instance of * discharge from beneath the left *. * * * * by both *. * * in a * * *, * * * *; * * * a case in which there * * * by the * at the age *. * details in full the description of a case * * from an ulcer on the right * * * * *. At the time he was called to see * * * * * was called *" * * * * * * *. The right * * * *, *, the nipple prominent, and * * larger and more * than usual. * stated that the right * * * * * * left. The * * large and well *, * * * * *, * under the nipple, there was an * slightly elevated * * * * * base, and having an opening in its center * *, covered with a thin *. By removing * * * * at the base of the ulcer, drops of * * were made to *. * *, * * * to the *. * * * * * enlarged and congested, * * * * * * * inflamed and painful, the veins * * *, and there was a free discharge of * *. When the * general health * * * * *, * * * * *, and the ulcer * * *. * * * * enlarged, the ulcer * * * *, * in this manner for a few * all the accompanying * symptoms, and then * *. It was stated that the ulcer was the result of * * * * * to take an egg from a *, when the point of a * * in her breast and *. The ulcer * formed, and ultimately * * * *. * * * at the time of * of the menstrual *. The accompanying *, *, show the breast in the ordinary state and at the time of * *.
* * * instance of * from the left breast in a large, otherwise healthy, * * *, * and a half years after the birth of the youngest * * years old) * to have a discharge of fluid from * * * days before the time of the regular *. * * * from the nipple it became changed in * from a * to a bloody and to a yellowish *, * * terminating at the beginning of * flow from the uterus, * * again at the breast at * of the flow, and then * two or three * * pain of a * * occurred in the breast at *. The patient first discovered * * * * * of blood upon the * * * in the * * * traced to the breast. From an examination * that a * * * during the birth * * * had given rise to *, and for a year * * suffered from severe *, for which * * *. At this time the * * *, * * the discharge of bloody fluid from the *, * * *. The right * * * *. A remarkable feature of the case was that * of fluid * from the left * * *. * * means of * * on this subject it may be * the patient was * *, and during the * * * * she had more than the ordinary amount of *, * * from the breast *. * time the breasts had been quite normal, except for * manifested in the left * under the conditions *.
Cases of * through the eyes are frequently * by the older *. *, *, * * * * * from the eye. * * an example of * in a young * *, * * * * * * discharge of the foot. * * * in a case of a * * *, * * * * three years old. * * * *, * * * * * *, * from one to six days. At the cessation of the *, * * had a * *, and on *, when this was *, * suffered a sudden * the anterior * of the eye. The discharge * * * * on this *. * * * an example * into the vitreous * in a case of * hemorrhage has been noticed as a manifestation * * by several * *. * examples of retinal * * * * * * * says that he has seen a young * * who had a small * of blood into the * of the eye at the menstrual period, which became * * intervals of *. * relates the * a case of * * * * * opacity of the cornea. * * of a * * * * * * from the eyes, * *.
Relative to * from the ear, *, *, * * * examples. In * case the discharge * of as * *, which makes it quite possible that * a case of * disease associated with some *, and not one of true * * case was * * suppression of the *. * * instance in a woman * *, in whom * * * * several months. * * of the head and bleeding (largely from the ears), * * *, being preceded by *; but the patient * made a good *. *, * * * examples of this *. * * instance of * from the right ear * *, following a *.
Hemorrhage from the mouth of a * nature has been frequently observed associated with * *. *, *, * * * instances. The * * was that of an infant, and the case * * was associated with hemorrhages from the *, *, * *. * * * * a case in which there was recession of the gingival * * processes, the consequence of *. * * instance of * from the *, and there is on * description of a woman, * *, who had * the throat * *; later the * to be *, * four years *, * * * * *, * * ceased, and * * * * and hemoptysis. * * * woman who * from the mouth; at the * * were found in the *. * * of a * * * at the epoch * *.
Descriptions of * from the extremities are quite *. * * an example from the foot; * * skin of the hand; * from the knee; * * *; * * from the left *; * * * from the hand; and the * * * from the ankle.
* * of a very peculiar case of edema of the arm alternating with the menstrual *. * * * from the groin associated with hemorrhage from * * *. * * an example of hemorrhage * *, * *. * * the history * cases from the top of the head, and * * * *, one of which was associated with * the hand.
A peculiar * * * * * * * *, *, * *, and many examples are on record, * of which will be described. * * an excellent * * at an *, * * * he has * bleeding from the * of a * *. * * is an account of a case in the * * * *; the scar * * * and a * * *; but by placing a * about the wound, * it so that * * * could be easily detected, * * *, * * * * *. * would likely be the result * investigation of most cases of "bleeding *" * * to the * * * * *.
* * a report describing a young * * * * * with the * * of her *. The wound *, * * * * * the day preceding the *. * * of a * ulcer of the face, * two of the head. *, * * *, * * * * hemorrhage from * * * of the lips * * * *; the hemorrhage * * and could not *. At the advent of each menstrual period the lips * congested, and the * * * * *.
* * an interesting account of a sequel to an operation for * disease. Following the *, there was *, * * every month, at which time * part of the wound *, and blood * * * * days of the *. * * * by an example, the discharge * * *, * * * * instance in which * * was performed by a * *. * * * * *" * * * of the skin from a burn, with the * * * * from the * of the injury.
There are cases on record in which the * occurs by the rectum or the urinary tract. * * * by a case * * * * * * * of the * *. * * of a case of * by the rectum. * * he has seen a case * by the * vessels, and instances of * * * * * in this manner are *. * * * instance of * * *, * * * of a pregnant woman who had * flow by the urinary tract. * * * * the case of a woman * *, * * * * *; * * a period she had * from the urinary tract, which * after the * * * *. The coexistence of a * * * * may have been responsible for this hemorrhage, and * reports of * * * * * given to the existence of any other than * * we can accept the cases as true * * * * instance of a * without a *, * * * from the vagina. * * * history of a case of uterine *, with the flow * * of the cervix. There is * * * * from the labia.
The occurrence of * after removal of the uterus or ovaries is frequently *. *, *, *, * * and Foreign * * * * * * * place with * * * * * * * like the preceding * * *. * * hysterectomy and * * attributed to the * removal of the organs *, * * postmortem examination of some cases * of the functional organs in question has been found.
* is a means of anomalous *, and several * are recorded. * * * * this with *. Instances of * * * and hemoptysis are so common that * would be *. There is recorded * * * * from the region of the sternum, * * * anomalies of * must be mentioned * * * seen in a woman, who, at the menstrual * hemoptysis and oozing of blood from the lips * * there was a substitution of a great swelling of *, * * * * very difficult * * * *. * * * showing the * * discoloration of the lips.
Instances of * *, the flow * * from the ordinary passage to the breasts * *, are found * * *. * * of a woman * * * * * before the establishment of *. Cases of * * and many * * * * * *.
* * contains an instance of the simulation of * * death, and * * * * through a long *. Instances of black * * be found, described in full, in the *, * * * *, and in some of the later *; it is * an excess of iron, * for some * * cause such an alteration in the color of the menstrual *.
Suppression of * is brought about in many * ways, and sometimes by the slightest of causes, * * * * * as to * *. * * * * * of such * as contact with *, * sight of a * or mouse, * sight of *. * stroke and * * have been reported *. Many of the older * * * subjects are * * instances, and modern * are constantly *.
* * * * of blood in man, * what is called * *" * * * and are particularly interesting * * is from the penis or *, * * * to the female function of *. The older * * such instances, and * says that in * * * * * * * * the penis * * on the * as a * * * a case in a *; * * *; * *, *, *, *, *, *, * * * * *. * * * in a man. * * * * * *, *, since the age of * years and *, had had * manifestations of *. * * accompanied by * in the back and * * *, and a * discharge from *, * * in color, *, *, * *. * * that while * a course * * at the * * * * * * of a young * * * the normal * organs, but in whom the * * * * * performed. The cause *, and the * victim was the subject of *, and was * * *. He had * three years in this manner: a fluid * from the * of the deep * behind the * *; * * of the same * as the menstrual *. * * from one to two *, and the discharge * * * * days. At this time the student * * * *, of a lymphatic *, not particularly *, * * the victim of any venereal disease. The author * * of the * of this man, * * *, unknown or *.
* * in the * simulation of * by the male assumes a * * as well as * *. * *, * * *, * * * a man who once a month * great quantities of blood * right flank. * * a case of a * in the *. *, who was * by a * in the body and * had a * discharge from the urethra. * * * to the * in this case * * if the * were exposed to *, *, *, * * the ordinary symptoms of * *. * * of a man * * years old, * been the subject of a * * * *, * after his * sexual intercourse. He would * of the premenstrual *, * * * * appearance of the flow, * * when the *. He was of an * * nature, and * * up to sexual *. The flow * * * * *, * on the second, and * on the *, *, * * * * *.
Cases of * during pregnancy and * are not rare. It is not uncommon to find *, *, * *. * * * * * solely on the regular occurrence of the *, * more than he would make the diagnosis of * the fact of the suppression of *. * * * * * * * * * * * * * a similar case. The child was born * *. * * * * instance of * * * during pregnancy in a woman *, who had never been *; the child was born *. * * of a case in which * * the third month of pregnancy, * * *. * describing the birth of a * *, * * * * during the * *. * a peculiar case in which * * * * four months of pregnancy.
There are some cases on record of * after the menopause, as, for instance, that of *, of a woman who * birth to nine * up to *, * * * * only slightly * *, * * *. A year and a half * * * * * * * *. Other cases, somewhat similar, will be * the discussion of late *.
* * is seen from birth to nine * ten years. Of course, * before the third or fourth * * rare, most of the cases * * this age * * * * from the genitals, * *, and not true *. However, there * * cases of infantile * on record, * generally associated with * development in * as well. * says that the source of * is the lining membrane of the uterus; but * it as due to * of the umbilical cord * * in the pulmonary vessels is * * the consideration of this subject, we must * in mind * * * * * on the time of the * *. In the * *, * * * at an earlier age than their * of the * reports from * * early puberty of the * * *. * * * * * the age * * * * *, *, on the contrary, * * the fact that * does not appear in * * until the age of *, and then is *, and is only present in the * *.
Cases of * * within a few days after birth and exhibiting * * * * * * * * *, *, *, *, *, and the * * *. * * * * instance of * on the sixth *, * * * days, in which six or * * * * *. * * * instance in * in an infant * * of five days, which was associated with a * of the genital organs and *. * * * * at the first *; * * * * * * *; * at the third month. *, a young * belonging to * * * * *, began to * after birth, and at the first year * regular in *. At birth * * * well developed and her * * covered with hair. At the age of * * * * * * * tall, and her * * * those of a * of thirteen. * * * * *; * * * were not known. * * instance of a child two years and * * * *, * exception of three * *, * * * the fourth *. * * of a child, the youngest * *, who had a * * at the age of five * * * days and * every month until the * * at the tenth *. At the eleventh * * * * * until death, occasioned by * * * *. * * showed a * *, the lips of which were *; the left * * * size of the right, * * * * * and the * * * cite instances * at the fourth *. A case is on record of * * * at the age of six months, and * * on the * * *. *, Wall, and * * descriptions of cases at the ninth *. * * a case at the * *, * * * * * * *. Another case is that of a child, * *, * * and external genitals * * * the child had shown * * *, and did not * * of the same age in intellectual development. * * * formed and of * * * * * *, * * *, * *, * * * * at the * and had * * up to the time of reporting. * age of three years and six months * * * *, * in weight, and her * at the hip * *. * * broad and well shaped, and * * * anterior surface of the * process of one * * * the other, being a little more than the standard * *, and, in consequence of this * *, * * *. * * and labia * all the appearance * puberty, and the * * * * * *. * * * * * in her *, * * * *. A case * * the patient had the appearance of a little * *, * * of three * * were as well developed as in * * *, * * sexual organs * those of a * *. She had * * since the age of *. * describes a child * began to * * * of age and continued * *. At the age * * * was still *, * * * * *. * * *. *, * * *, * she had * on the * *. * * * * an infant * * * at the early age * months and had * * for over two years. * the features and development of a child ten or * *. The external * and the vulva in all its * * *, and the * * * covered with a full * *. * * *, *, * *, *, and several * a report * * occurring at three years of age. * * * * * who was born with the * well formed and * * on the * * as a * of thirteen * * * at three and continued to do so *, * * four days and being *. At the age of * and five * * * * *; * * *, * * *, the hair *, * *, * * the size of a large *, * * she would be able to * * at the age of * * a case at five, and * *, a doctor *, * seen a * of six years who * * * from the nose, *, * *, *, which, with the association of * * * * * *, * * to suspect *. * *, * * * * * * * *. * * * * * * at five, *, * * years; and * * * * * at ten years and five *. * was in * grade of *, * with a * * * * *, and was * * * *, *, and of low * character, as * by her *. * * * years to the ordinary * *, many cases are recorded.
Instances of * * are, as a rule, *, the individuals * * cognizant of the nature of *, * * * * * * to the nature and * of the discharge * * * * * past the *. * * on this subject have been gathered by men of *. * * * * * *.
* years of age, * years of age, * * * * * examination of cases of * women. The last * were found to be in women * * class of *.
* has made the following collection of statistics of a somewhat similar *.
* *. * * Male. Female. *. *. * * * *- *- *- *- * * seem to have been made with the idea * * * rather than to give the * of these functions. * * * * * * * show no cases of * * * *, * * * * * *; however, in * literature for such a * * * in mind that the more * * * more likely it is that it would be * of, as the * of medical * is to * the important * * * * *. * * * * * * *, and others * * * *. * * of a case * *; * *, * *, *, * *; *, * * * *; *, * * *; *, * * * * *; *, *; *, * *; *, *; *, * *; *, at one * * of all is * case, in which * * at one hundred and six years. In the * * * *, * reported cases at * * years. In * System of * * * occurring at *, *, * * * was a woman * * * * * * * to ninety *. * * * * * * *, * * * * one of a * * * from her * year to the * * death at *.
* * * describes a woman who * * * *, * remained in good health up to *, * attacks of * *, and at this late age * with abdominal *, followed by *, * for three years; the * * the next year. * * * all the * characters of the *. * * * *, * *, * * *, * * *, and at * *, and was * for four years, but had had no *. On the return of her *, * * * * * *, * * a vigorous * * * * * difficulty in * *. * * * * * * speak of * * *, * * years of age, * *.
* describes a woman * *, who on * * * * with uterine * * a few days and * * *. * * * * * * again, and * * on the 25th, * four days. Up to * of the report, one year after, * * * *. There is an * on record of a female * * * * during the period * * to her * year, the discharge, * * *. * * * instance of a woman * who had had no * * * *, but who * again the year * * *. Her mother * * similarly affected at the age of *, in the * attributable to * over the death of a *, in the * * *. * seemed to be a peculiar *. * * * says that the * * at the very advanced age of one * * * * * after a severe illness, and * new set of teeth and a new growth of hair.
* Establishment of * some cases * * * until late in life, * the same * * *. * relates the history of a * had been * many years, and * * * * * * * *. * was a * at the * had never been *. Up to the time of her *, * occasioned by a * *, in her * * had the usual * * * followed by the *. * * of a * of a * * for the first time at the age of *. * * * place at the age of *, before any * * * *, and from this time all * * * * was either * * *. * * * * years old, and ever since the * had shown * with great *. She had * * * *, fourth, and * *, * * * *. * * * a case in * did not * until the * *, * * * * to the * *. * * * of a woman, * *, who had *; * * years old she had * * * at this time * *, and at * * *. At the time of report, four years after, * free from pain and *, and her * * * *. She had been * * * * * of age. A somewhat similar case is * * * * * * children who had never had * * * are two instances of delayed * *: *, a woman * *, well formed, *, of good *, and with all the signs of * * * had never *; the second, a * * *, * throughout a healthy * * * *. * * is known to the authors of a woman * who has never *, * she is of * and development. She has been * many years *.
The medical literature relative to * * is full of * *. *, many of the * be beyond *, but when * * * * * * * we must accept the * * *, even if we * the statements of some * *. No less a medical * than the * * * * that on one occasion * * * * *, seven years old, * * * * * * he was * she could * * birth to a child; * case of the * * three and a half years old, * * of normal *, more than * *. * examples of * * * * are on record in abundance, and nearly every * * * * * cases of infantile *.
The ordinary period of female * * * * when compared with the lower animals of the same size, * viewed with cases of animal * on record. * of a * * * * which was * * * *, and at the usual period of gestation * * * * * * *, to which it * * * * both the mother and * grew up *. Compared with *, * by women of * is not *.
The earliest case of conception that has come to the *' * is a * in one of the last * * * * * * * *; but a careful search * * * failed to confirm this statement, and, for *, we must accept the statement * * * * available for *.
* * * instance of * pregnancy in a child * *. It was probably the same case * * * * * to the * *: * *, born in *, * *, * * on the * at birth, * * four, and at the age of * * * * * * *, who was sentenced to five * * *. The pregnancy * * * of a mole containing a * * * case in was in a child who had * * * * * * * when she * * * years and * *. She had all the appearance and development of a * *. * * an example of conception * *. * of a child * * early and continued up to * * *. * was a hard * and did * * *. * * * did not * * *, from first to the last. The child was a large * *, * * died in *. * * * * * *. The young * at the * * was only * years and * * *, * must have been * before the age of * * * * instance of birth in a * * *. * describes a case of a child * * * * * * *, * * to an advanced age. * * in a * * *, and as far * * * * * has become a * * * *. * * *, contains the report of the case of *, * *, * born to a * * * *.
* * * * instance of delivery in a * a little over ten years of age. There are instances of * * * * * *, *, *, * * reports from *, *, the history of what * the case of the youngest * * * * * born in * *, * and, on * was delivered of a * * * *. * had not the development of a woman, * * * * * * * year. The * * * *, and, two * *, * * * arise and * and would have done so * * * * were no * of the * * secretion of * baby was * through its * * (as it * a week) by its *, who had a child only a * *. The parents of this * * *, * * people, and there was no doubt * * *. * is now well and plays * with the * as if * had happened." * refers to a *, * * at ten years, one in * * * * *, * months, and * days, and one * * * years and three months. The first case * of infantile *, the other belonging to a much *, the menstrual * having been established but a * prior to *. All these * * *, * *, and the general * * *, * * *. It has been * * * * cases of pregnancy that one was the daughter of * *, * born in an *, and the other * * * in a house * *. The only * * statement is the greater amount of * * * * sexual intercourse to which they were * * * * more favorable * * be recognized as such.
* instance in the Journal * * * * which is but such a * as is found all * * * * * *" as it were. * a case of * in a * * *, * * several years, and others who had become * *, *, * * * *. *, * * * * *, * a child who had * * * * * *, and gave birth to a child * * when she was only ten years and * * * the time of delivery * * * * * * * *. *, who is also * * * the history of * *, * * * * * *, and was delivered of a *, * * * pounds. She had * once or * *, * * * during gestation, and had * * * * *. To complete the story, * of this * was a boy * *. One of the * * * * * * * * * of a * * *, * * * by a * who was not *. * says that he * * * * *, * * * *, who was *.
* relates the * of the case of a white * * began to * * * years and four months, and who * to an *- * * * * * * * * years and nine months *. She had an abundance * * * the child; * * * of about * *, * * * *. * * * of a *, born in * began to * * * * * months, and gave birth to a female * * * *, * * a second * * * years and * *. * * father was a white * * *.
The following are some * *: * at ten, * *, * *, * *. * * * * at ten and others * * * *; * *, *, * * upon the fetus of a * * * * * account of a * * years old, * * to a * * * * * *' *. * * * *, but the child * * * * * nursing. The lad who * * * years old. * * * * * * in a * * *. Both the mother and child *.
* * * describes a *, working in a * *, who was a * * *; * * * * * *; * in a *, * * * six months; *, * *; *, * *; *, * *, * months, and * *; *, * * * nine months; *, * * *; *, * *; *, * * years and * *, * * *; *, at the age of * * * *; another case, * * years and six * *, * *.
* * article in the * * * * *, *.
"The appearance of * is held by the great majority of * * * to be * * * * *, * * * * it is considered * * * * * * until this function is * * is that * * * at the age of * * years, but it is understood * * * * of the * * delayed until after the * *. There is, however, too much reason to * the earlier * is very *, * * * * resort to sexual intercourse * * * has occurred: it may be * as true * * is largely * under the * * in this country.
"From this practice it results that * * * at the earliest possible period of their lives. A native * * that in about per cent of * * * * * * * * * * years of age. * * caused by the first act of sexual intercourse are by * rare. They are * *, * ever and * * to light. *. * * * cases of this * the last edition of his * of Medical * *' * *. * * in the * * by the * * of the * * * * *.
* must come from * and effort, as in every other case, but meantime the strong arm of the law should be put * the protection of female children from the degradation * * * * sexual intercourse. This can easily * * raising the age of * *, which is * at the * limit of ten years. * * * * * * before the * age of * * if the * * *' * raised to that limit, * * interfere with the * * * * * * * *.
* * * * * to the * * * * * *, and during the Revolution * * *, * *. * * of a legal case in which a * years old, * * * of a living * * * * *. * * of a * * * * * years and nine months, and was delivered * *, * * before the * *; * * * *, and the mother made a * *. * thought to have had * of the abdomen," as the * * * * of about the same age who was * * * father of the child was a boy * * years of age.
* to relate, there are on record * cases of twins * born to a child *. * * a case of twins * * of thirteen; *, * *; * * * * of a young *, * * blood, at *, * * to a child * * * * and to * * * *.
In the older *, the following authors have reported cases of pregnancy before the appearance of *: *, *, * * of the kidney, *, *, *, *, *, * * *.
In some cases * * seems to be hereditary, * transmitted from mother to daughter, * about an * state of *, in which a * is a * the ordinary age of *. * says that he * * *, * "pretty good" *, * instance of * * * became a * * * *. * * record a young * * *. * of a *, * *, * * birth to * * * began to * at ten years * months and at * * *; hence the * * * * * years and nine months. She had * * * * * *, * began to * * years and six months, * * the inheritance of *, * * us at * * * * * * she may be if she lives to an advanced age. * case of this nature is that of *. *, * * * and who had a daughter * months after. * * * and in *, * birth to * *. * * *, * *, * at the birth. This case was *, as the * * *.
* in the old seems to have * * as much attention among the older * * *. * * *, of the family of *, * * * * * *, * * * *; * *, a physician * * * in a pregnancy in a woman * *, * * *" * records the history of the case of * * * * * children when past the age *. Among the older reports are those of * of a * * a child * * *; *, one at *, one at *; *, one at *; *, * * *; *, * * years; and, almost *, * * * * * * place at the * age of one hundred and three. * * of a * * * * * * children when past the age *. We would * expect to find the age of * in the northern countries where the age of * *. * * an example of * in a woman *; *, cases at *, *, * *, * *; * * * *, in a woman * * * years. There was a woman * *, * at the age of *; one at * *; and one in * * *. * * of a * * years and five * * who was delivered * * * *, * * *, * it on her *. She had been a * for twenty years, and had * * * ten years before. In St. * *, * *, is a * * * * * * * * of a woman * years old. * the case of a woman * *, who was delivered * * * by means of the forceps, and a year after * * * * * *. She had no * * * at the time and no signs of secretion. * * had been * * *, five years after * of her *, and her husband was a young * * years old.
* * * * * * years, and the * *, *, *: *. *. * was in * * * * * years, on * * *, * * to a fine *. The father of the child is * old, and the mother and child are doing *" * * died in Great * * *. * * * * age of one hundred and *, leaving a daughter of *.
* * a woman * years old * * after delivery of a child. A most * case is that of a * years old, a native * *. She had been in the * * freely in *, and, during the last six months, * *. After an unusually * * * * unable to * *; * * down by the * * she could *, and was * found by a young man who * and who proposed * * *. By the time * * * * * well advanced, * * * * to stop *; * * more than *, * * * * * * *, and the result of his * was an * * *.
* * in the aged have been reported from * *. * * * a rather * account of a * * years of age * * birth to *, * total number of children *, *, * *, * * the birth of twins in women beyond the * of the menopause, and there is a case * of a woman * who was delivered of twins.
* * completion of the * act by * of some *, such as occlusion of the vagina or * * * *, *, has been a subject * in the works of medical * of all ages; * of conception * entrance of the penis are found * * medical literature, and may have * * *. There is little doubt * * * * deposited on the genitalia * to the * of fertilization, as their power of * * of life have been well *. * * instance in which * was found * from the os * * * days after the last intercourse; and * examination of this * revealed the presence * as well as * *. We have * * * * * *, the semen * * * * * * * by a fistulous *.
*, the surgeon of the * *, * of a * * *, who was * before the * * * * on the * of her husband of her inability to * completion of the * *. * * that he * * * attempts to enter *, and in * * * *. * examination by the surgeons * * to have a dense membrane, of a fibrous *, * the vagina, which they *. * * * * * * and the usual * *, and was delivered in four months of a * * results of an * occasioned by one of * attempts at *. Such instances are numerous * older literature, and a mere * of a few * * *. *, *, * *, *, * of the follicles that bear his name, *, *, *, *, *, * *, *, * * of the circulation of the blood, *, *, *, *, *, * * * cases of conception * * *, and in which * * entrance of the penis. * has an example of * after the birth of a * * * old, and there * a case of tubal pregnancy in which the * * *.
* * * account of a case of pregnancy in an * woman, who * * an attempt at * and yet * * and gave birth to * * * *. * * was not *, * * could not have preceded the birth * * *. *, * * * * * * after the * *. * of St. * * * * of conception, in which there * closure of the vagina, * *, * at term. * made the * * * * * * * regard to a * of her *, * * * *.
* * of a woman * *, who had been * * months, and * * * * * * *; * * * and had a normal *, despite the fact that, * to a tough and * *, she had an * *. * * * * the history * cases of labor at term in females * * * *. *. * * * seen a case of * * had to be torn * * *; yet one * * *, even with this * * *, * *. * * of a woman who * * * * * *. She had been in the * * * by the urethra, and all * * * this practice.
* * of a * * * * * * it was impossible to pass the tip of the first * * account of * * membrane in the orifice, but who * * * *, to a child at full term, the * * being a few * * to permit * of the head. * * * * * * * an imperforate * *, who had * * * * and not * * *. * * * * to term, and required * * *. * at the point of usual location of the os, and one of * * followed by the flow of * *, and the * upon the artificial *, the diameter of which * * one and a half or two *; the birth * *, the child * * *.
* * * instance in which the opening * * * *; yet the patient reached the third month of pregnancy, * * * * * in a manner that could not *. * gives a case of conception in an *, * * relates the history of a case of pregnancy * * *, characterized by an extraordinary * * *. Among many, the following * * * * instances of pregnancy with * *: *, *; *, *, *, *, *; *, *, * *. * Instances in which the presence of an * * * * * * * * are quite common, and * membrane is * * * means the * * * *. Among others * cases of * * *, *, *, * *, *, *, *, *, *, * *. * There are many cases of stricture or complete occlusion of the vagina, congenital or acquired * * * delivery, and in some * * * * * cases in which the obstruction is only a * *. Often the obstruction is so dense as to * * * to divide it, and even that is not *, and the * * only can * * *; we cannot * * * * * *. * records a case of pregnancy * with congenital * of the vagina. * the successful practice of a * * * * of congenital occlusion of the vagina forming a * to delivery. * * * * * vagina in which * * was divided * * * through the rectum and anus. * * observation of complete occlusion of the vagina in a * * * * children and * for the fifth *, * * to relate, it is possible for a woman * * * of a living child and yet preserve all * * * *. * describes a woman * who was delivered without the rupture of the * * * on a similar case. We can readily see that, in * like that of *, in which * * * * * could be left intact and the product of conception * *.
A natural sequence to the subject of * * * is that of artificial *. From being a * * * *, it has been demonstrated as a * * method in those cases in which, by * * * * * on either the male or * side, the * * *. There are many * occurring in which the birth of an * is a * * in a * life. The * * * * * *, * * * efforts to bear a * the subject of public * * *, is but an * a fact that is occurring every day, and * * * * could be * by the * of some of * *.
There have been * from the beginning of the century of women * * in a *, * contact with * *, etc., and some authorities in medical * * the possibility of such an *. It is not in * of this work to speculate on what may be, but to * *, from which the reader may * * *. Fertilization of plants has been thought to have * in the * times, and there are some who believe * * * * must have * * * to it. The first * * that we have * * is that of *, who in * it without * by the * of the eggs *. *, * *, * an attempt in * *; and to *, * * * * of success. In
1780, * *, * up the success of * * * *, * * * * * *, * resembling the male. The * * * a man * * * to impregnate * * * injections of * in water with an *, and, in * of the simplicity of this method, * * followed by a successful *. Since this * * * * * * * the simple *; * *, * *, * * *, *, *, *, *, *, *, and others have used the more * * * *.
* *, * * the uterus of a *, * succeeded in * *. Those who are * * * * this subject, as regards * * *, *, * * *; * * reports in full *. One case was that of a woman, * * * *, *, * * not having * * * injections of * in water * *, and finally succeeded in * *, * * of a living *. Another case was that of a * *, who had an extra * * *, * for the absence of pregnancy. * * * *, and was finally * of a child. * * * * of a * * *, * * * * * * * wife, and had * * * * with a favorable *. This latter case * * when we consider that * * * * * have become *. * gives the instance of * * he had known for some time, * * a little below the *, as in other persons, * * * quite prominently * *, * in the forward * *. Despite the * this man could not perform the * *, * * father of three *, two of them * * *.
The fundamental condition of * being the * of a * and an ovum, the object of artificial * to further * * by introducing * directly to * of the uterus. The operation is quite simple and *: * *, having been found * *, * * * with his *, using a *. * * * * up by an * * which has * * and kept *. The os * is now * * off with some * which has been * * * *; introduced to the fundus of the uterus, * drops of the fluid * * into the uterus. * is then kept in bed on her *. This operation is * * * before or immediately after the *, and if not * at the first * * * for several months. At the present * * * * is extensively used with *. * *} The following * * * * *, * from the * * Weekly by *, is given in *, * because it * * * *, but as a * example from the * * in medicine.
*. *. * * *, *, * * * during the late * *, as follows: A * and her * *, * * * *, filled with the * *, * ready to * to the wounds of * in their * * near the scene of the * *, * between a portion of * * * *. During the * * * * * * of the * * * fell to the earth; * * time a * * * * in the house * * of the * * showed that a * * through the scrotum and carried away the left * * * * * penetrated the left side of * of the * * *, * between the umbilicus * * * * process of the *, * * lost in the abdomen. * * * an attack *, * * in two months under the *.
* to relate, * two hundred and * days after the * of the *, * was delivered * * *, * *, to the surprise of * * * of her parents and *. * * * * the young * * * on her * *. About three weeks after this remarkable * * was called to see the infant, and the * * there was something wrong with the * * showed a *, swollen, and * * * * *. * *, and extracted * * * *. The doctor, * *, * in this manner: * concluded that this * * * that had carried away the testicle of his *, that had penetrated the ovary of the young *, * * * * it, had * *. * * * * the young man and * * *; * * * * at first, * to visit the young *; * * * * * into a happy *, and the * * *, * *, in the same * as the first, * * *.
* as are all the anomalies of conception, * * * than those of * *; * * cases can be mentioned. Instances of * *, with subsequent * as a result, * * in the last * * *, *, *. Reports by modern * seem to be quite * there are several cases on record of * *, followed by *. * * * * of a woman who was * * lethargy, and * * *, though her condition was * until the fourth *, the peculiar * * * of the true nature of the * * * been thought *.
There is a record of a case of a young * of great * * * * * without the slightest knowledge of *; although, it might be *, such cases must be * * *" Cases of conception without the * desire or *, either from *, as in *, * * *, have been recorded; as well * * * and in a * *, * has recently * a much * * *. * * * * * of conception without the * * desire or * on the part of the female.
* with Deficient * * of conception with some * *, * with some * * deficiency of the functional, *, * * must be considered. It is a * fact that * * development of the uterus * * * liable to become *, and many such cases have *; but the most * cases are those in * has appeared after removal of some of the *.
* going to term with a successful * * follows the performance of * * * * * * instance of * with a * * * * *, * * at term of * *. * * of a * * *, * * * normal at term. * a case of successful * in a patient who * * * by a large *. * a case of twin * two years after * with abnormal development of one of the children. * of a case in which a woman * a child one year after * * *, * * of two * * * * in which the * as well as * * * *. * * a similar * * *. *, *, * *, * * * cases, and others are not at all rare. In * * shortly after *, it has been * they may be explained by the long retention of the ova * *, * * prior to *. In the presence * * one can * wonder if * * * * derived from another * * * be brought about in * of a * *.
* Soon After a * * sometimes follows birth (or *) * * * * * * for a period of their lives * * or with infants at their *. * * * alluded to, and is not confined to the lower *, * *, but is common even among the *. * *, we have examples in some of the * * * *. A peculiar * is given by * * * * * * * hours after *. * * case of a woman who was * with her first child, * * * and was * * of another * * She had become * * * *. * * * another case of a *. *, *, * * * *, * birth to a child * * * * a second * * * She must have * * days after the delivery of her first child.
* has been known for many *; * * * * * the laws of * in such cases, and * * * * *. * * * of it, the former at some *. * * of a * * * *, one resembling the master, the other * * * she had intercourse, and * the case as one *. * * instances, and *, * * * *. * seemed to be well * the possibility as well as the * * * * reports that a certain *, * * * * *, in order to hide * * came to * * * * * in by *, and being *, * * * of the same * * * * * * *, a product of *, * * * that she had * * * *.
* *, *, *, * * * *. In the * * *, * *, * 1702,
there was * the case of a woman who was delivered * *; in the placenta was discovered a sort of bladder * * to contain a female fetus of the age of from four to *; and in before the same *, there was * in which * * were born a day *, * * days and the other at full term. From the description, * not seem possible that either of these were * *. * * * account of a * * *, * who was delivered of a strong * *, and, six hours after, of a small *, * * * * full of * and the placenta as large and * * of three *. * * * description with * *. * *, * * * * * of a child * * *; * * * * * indicative of the existence * fetus, and after * months and * * * * of a remarkably * * * *.
* * of a case of * observed by * * * * After the birth of the first * * failed to flow, * * appeared in the breasts, * * * large. In about three weeks after * she had connection with her husband, and in a * * * *. A second * was born at * days after the first; and in both children *. A woman * * was delivered * * * * at term; she had connection with her husband * *; * * *, and the * did not * * *. About one and a half months after * * * again, and * * that she had * by the first intercourse * *; * * after the first * * was delivered * * at term, the result of a *. * * * its appearance, and * * * able to * * from the breasts. * * of a woman * * * * * * * and another * * in the same *. * * * * enough to * of the children. It might be * * comment on * that, according to a * *, * * died in
1755, and on * was found to have had a double *.
A peculiar instance of * was reported by * in which there was an * of a * between the third * *, * * some time, and * * a second *; an ovum of about four weeks and of * was found * near the fundus. * * * * * for the first time * * * months and some time * * a small * * * * * * * of about *' formation. There was no sign of a double uterus, and * * * during pregnancy, * * weeks before the *. * * * speak of * * * * never had * twins, and who * * of four *' *; * * * removal of the placenta, and on * the hand * * * an embryo of five * * * was found * * sac and floating in clear * *. The patient was * * * children, the youngest of which was * *.
* * of a woman who * * * * * * * *' *, but a tumor * remained in the * auscultation of which * evidence of a fetal * * revealed a dilatation of the os * * * * * and a fetal * * *; * * * of about six months of age was delivered. * * the case, but * *, * * *. * * * instance of a * a boy * * and a * * * 1835.
At birth the boy * *, * * * *, * the case, the * must have been either a * * * *' * *. * * * * * * * * * who was born * months after * *, and who * *.
The most * * * examples of * are those in which * of different *, * * * * same age, are born to the same * * * in the case of the * who was * first by * and a quarter of an hour later by an *, and gave * * * to a * and a *. * * * * * *, *, * of a white woman who * * *, * * * and the other *. * * * her husband * * * * * came to her * her to comply with his * * * * * * the case of a black woman who had *, * black and the other * *. * * * * with a white * immediately after * * * *. * * a similar *. * * * of a * * * *, * * * * * * *, while the other was a pretty * * * characters of the * *. * * * * types of the black * *. *, * * *, * * * * * with her husband she had * * * with a *. In this case each * * its own distinct * *.
* * * * and observations showing: "that a white *, * * with a white man and *, * *, one of which shall be white and the other *; and that, vice versa, a black *, * * * * and a white *, * * *, one of which * * * and the other * *" * * that he * to see a woman, the wife of an * * * * * * *, who had been * of a * *, about four months old, and having a cord of about * *. * * the placenta, and in about half an hour * was delivered of a * * * *. * * * *, like the mother and father, and the mother * possibility of its being a white * *; but this * * on her part, * * * * * * * that they would * * * * * the mother and the * * * are doing * * of a * * * * * *, * * and the other * *. She had * * * * * and a white *.
*, a surgeon * *, * of a woman * * who was delivered in the hospital of his * * * 1806,
of two *, * black and the other * *. She had * * months, and had had * with a * * * * month of pregnancy, * * with the * who first * *. * * * * * after the twins, and showed a membranous *. * * shortly after birth.
* often takes place in a * * * *, leading to * * *. *, *, * * * * accounts of this occurrence, and * * instance of * pregnancy in a double * describes a discharge of an anomalous * during pregnancy which was probably from * half of a double *.
* * *.
* *.
* * the consideration of prenatal *, the first to be discussed will be those * *. * * has been known * * as there has been any real knowledge of *. * * * *, during the eleventh *, * is discussed, and later the works of *. * *, about the * *, speak of it; in the * * the fetus was converted into a * * in the abdomen * *. * * * * relates the history of a woman who * the third time in *, and in * remains of * were still in the abdomen.
* *, in an extensive * * published in * * * drawn in situ in the case of a woman * * * *. * dedicated to this * *, * regarded as a *, the following * *, * to the classical * that after the flood the world * by the two *, * * *, * over the earth and * * * *, *, * the ground, * *. * * * *, * * read as follows: * * * * and thus * * * * from the *. * * it that *, by a reversal of things, * body of a little * * * * akin to * of the older * * this form of * * *, * * * * as to its cause. * * * discuss in full * pregnancy, and *, * * * it. From the beginning of * * this subject * * the attention * of medical *. In more modern times, * *, who named * * * * defined and classified the forms, and * * * * gives a scientific * * of the different forms of * *.
The site of the * is generally the wall of the uterus, the Fallopian tube, or the ovary, although there are instances * in the vagina, as for example when there is * * uterus; and again, * * to be only * * * * * * uterus, with * * *. * * of a woman * * * * * * years, had * * children, and * * * * * of about * *. After a week * * that she * * with another *, but as the physician had * * in the uterine cavity after the *, * * * * * * or that no * *. We can * how this condition might lead to a diagnosis of *, but as the patient * on a * * * found by the stethoscope the presence of a * heart, and by * examination a double *. * * * into the new * * discovered that * into another *; but as the * * * *, * * no further. * * * * * * a female * * * *. She had * * * * three times during the period between * of the twins and the birth of the child. * * and child * *.
In most cases there is rupture of the fetal * into the abdominal cavity or the uterus, and the fetus is * * location, from thence to be removed or carried * *; but there are instances in which the * * * in situ, as depicted in * A sturdy * * * executed on * for the * of her *. * * that she had * * * about the * the month, and thereafter * sexual intercourse with one * *. * * * Fallopian tubes * distended, and the left ovary, which * * *, * twice as large as the right. * * * case in a woman * * * for twenty * * * * as a *, and who *. At the third month of pregnancy a hard * was found, which was gradually increasing in size * to the left side of the *, * * of pregnancy, sense of pressure, *, *, *, * * severe. There was * * * * *, followed by * of the *, and death on the ninth day. The fetus * * in the peritoneal coat of the ovary until the *, when one of the feet passed through the cyst and * * *. Signs of acute * * *, the abdominal cavity * full of blood, and the * *.
* termination of * * varies; in some cases the fetus is extracted * * after rupture; in others * has been * * * * section; it may * *, or carried many years in the abdomen; or * * through the * *, enter the * *, and the remnants of the fetal * * *.
The curious * * * * *, * * * by the mouth, etc., are *, in many instances, * * pregnancies or dermoid cysts. * * * of such cases; *, *, and a * * * * remnants of fetuses. * *, * * *, * lived a woman who on three * is said to have * * *. The last * this manner * * * *' growth and was * * placenta. The older * thought this * * * * * to her *, one of which had some * the stomach, as they had records of the dissection of * in whom was found a * similar to this.
Discharge of the fetal bones or even the whole of an * * by the rectum is not uncommon. There are two early * in which the bones of a * * * * * * *. * describes an anomalous * * in a * patient who * * * * *. * * the spontaneous elimination of * * by the rectum * five years of *, * of the patient. * * of delivery through * at the fourth *, * *. * * * * after a * of about two months and *. * * the dissection of an * * * * with the large intestine. * has an * * * of an * * by the * recovery of the mother. *, in the early part of * *, * the discharge of the bones of a * * *" in the groin. Other cases of * of the product of * * * * *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, and many others. * * * * of the * * * * * * * seven years, and * * * * * the discharge of a * by the rectum; * * * of the rectum associated with * * the performance of *.
* * * speak of fetal * * * from the urinary *. *, in the * * 1717,
describes a * in which a human fetus was found * the bladder. In * * * instance of * of fetal * through the bladder.
Discharge of the Fetus through the Abdominal * * * * * * the bones of a * * * above the os *, and in * * * * * * * * *. * * * * a case in a * * * * * from an * * * about the * month of conception. * * the discharge of the * * from the walls of * are frequently *. * * of an * in which there was * perforation of * * *, followed by death. * * * case of ectopic gestation in which there * * of the fetus * * *, * * *. * * * * and the mother *. *, *, *, *, * * are among others reporting the * remnants of ectopic * through the *. * * the case of a * *, *, the mother * * *, most of whom *, * * for the tenth time, the gestation * up to the * *. She had * * * effusion and some blood into the vagina. * * * the abdominal * * * * in the umbilical region. A breach in the walls *, * * * * matter and all the bones of *. During this process the patient received no *, and frequently no assistance in * * * *, * had an * * * * *. * * * * * * * for the first * * *. * months after * * * * * and was delivered at full term of a living *; * * was born * months after the first, and the * after the second * * * * signs of * the close * nine months these symptoms, with the exception * suppression of *, *, and in this state * * six years. During the first four years * * in the region of the umbilicus. About the seventh * * * of the abdomen and thought * * again. The * * and an * of the * from the wound. * * enlarged the wound * * * under the jaw of the fetus, * * * * into the abdomen * * a black * * * * hand and extracted * * fetal skeleton and some * *. * * * up, and in * weeks the * * * * * * *; * * * * * * * *. *, * * *, * * * * * pregnancy in a * * * * to the foregoing, in which an * * * * * above the umbilicus and the remains of a * * through the *. The accompanying * the appearance of the arm in situ * extraction of * and the location of the wound.
* * * * instances of the delivery of an * * by the vagina; and * * * of the delivery of a living * * by the * recovery of the mother. * * of a * case in *, six months *, in which an * * * from the posterior * * * * * * * through the vagina, and two days later * in, and in two * * was delivered of a uterine * * * left behind and drainage established through *, and the * * complete recovery.
* * * * * * cases of combined pregnancy, in which one * products of conception * * and the other * gestation, have been recorded. * * * instances of * *, * * * * * the ordinary manner and the other * * * of a case in which there was * * both the uterus and the Fallopian tube. * * * of a woman * * * * * *, In the following * * * * * the rectum, and a month * * birth to an * of six *' *. * * the case of a * * * * * * *, and on * * * * * * bones by the rectum, and * months later * * from the uterus. From this * * * * strength and health. * * * of a woman * * who had * children, but * suddenly, and being * * *. In the right * was found a male * * * * *, * long, and of about * *' growth. The * * a male fetus of about three *' * * * * * * * * of a woman * *, who was * *, early in *, she had an attack of * *, shortly after which * * * * * * *. * * 1873,
after a * * * *, * * birth to a healthy * * in the uterus * a tumor to the left, * * to about * the former size. In *, * * * pain and tenderness in the tumor. * this to have been * a tubal pregnancy, *, * * hemorrhage and the death of the * with a limited *. * * seen a * pregnancy in which * * there was * * * weeks, and four years after delivery * * * through the abdominal *. * * * * * * * * * * * period of gestation, with resultant * * the case of a woman * *, * * * *, and on * * of a * * * * * *. The uterine * * *, and the * * * only with difficulty; there was *. The hemorrhage continued to occur at intervals of *, and an * * *. * * * * and life * * of. On the 15th * a portion of a * of five *' growth in * stage of * * from the vulva. * escape of this * * * * *, and in * * * * * * *. * * * * woman who at the time of her * * * * in the abdomen on her right side and felt motion in it. * a month * * with severe pain * * a week * *. * * *, and the * * * to a third *; * * noticed that the * * since the first birth, and she had a * * and a slight * * * weeks, and * motion in the tumor. This continued * * *, after a most * attack of pain, * * *, as she * *, * * the moment the child *. * lost its natural consistence and felt flabby and *. * was made through the * *, and the * * * with a hard, * *, three or four * * escape of several * of dark brown fluid followed *, and the * had to be discontinued * * * * *. * * * * a bone * the orifice, which the * extracted, and this was * by a mass of bones, hair, and * *. * * small, and * * less in quantity *, * * *, and the wound *. * * * good and the * * *.
*, *, *, *, *, * *, *, * * are among others * * * * * and intrauterine * * * * * *.
* * a triple * gestation, in which there was * pregnancy in the wall of the uterus and a third * * * end of the right *. Careful examination * * be a case of * * * at the point * of the tube and the uterus, while at the abdominal * the same * there was * * * * * * * * * *.
The instances of delivery of an * fetus, with viability of the child, from the abdomen of the mother * * from their * alone, but when coupled * of additional * * * * * * a work of this *. * * of an abdominal * * * *, and there is a similar * on record * early part of this century. The * Medical and *, in one of its early *, * * account of * * penetrating the walls of the bladder and * from the walls of the *; * * * * * * * this, both mother and fetus * says that in this case the *, * *, * * on the lower part of her body, in consequence of which * * * shortly after the *. It so * this case that the peritoneum * * *, * *, with the child *, * * way into the *. In his * * * was made and the fetus * *. * * an example of * gestation in * * *, who had * had normal *. * case an * was made and a * of about * * was found lying * in the abdominal cavity in the * the intestines. Both the mother and child * *. * * very rare *. *, in his * *, * * * * had only * * the accounts of * saved, and one of these was too * * * * * a case in which he * the child, * * * on the fourth *. * describes a case in * * on the third day. * * * * * there is one * pregnancy in * * * cases of twin *, one of which was * * *, * says that of in the third * * *, the mother died in * cases of * * a half * * *' *, *, and in * * fifth month there was an * * * *. * such cases at nine months, * * and 6
intrauterine * lived. In of these cases no * *. In one case the mother *, but both the uterine * * * lived. In another the mother * * died, and the * * *. * * * instance of a woman * of a healthy * * * * * *. * * * * *, but the * * * * of having * * * *, * by the vagina * *. * * * *, and from the fetal * and other * decided that there was * * *. * allowed the case to go * * * similar to those of labor occurred, and then * *. * * * * *, and a * * * * was extracted. *, * * * * hours, and in a month * * died from *, but the child * * *. * gives the case of a * *, * said that she had been * by a * had a large * in the abdomen, and could * * *. * * * * intercourse. It was * open the abdominal *; * * * followed by a * blood and a * came into *, which was extracted * * *. To the * of the * * * distended, and it was decided to open it, when * * * seen and extracted. The cyst and the uterus * of all * and the wound *. The mother * *, but the children * * and were doing * * after the *. * * case was seen in * * * * * * * * * * * third month, and this * * at the ninth * head of the fetus could be * through the abdomen; * was made through the *; a fully developed * was delivered, but, unfortunately, the mother * * *.
* * * * *: * *. * *. * *, * records the following, which he * an ideal case. The patient was * *, had had *, and had been * from the age of * * *. * * of that * she had nausea and vomiting; * * and 23d * * a fluid, which was * *. * * * *, on the * and 23d of * there was a similar loss. In * * was kept in * two days by abdominal pain, * * * *, * then associated with pain in * * *. * * * * when she * * *, * * * by several *, each of whom * * diagnosis and treatment. One of them, * * * *, made her take in all about an ounce of * * did not, however, produce any ill effect. When * * * * *. The left * * * * * *. The abdomen * like that of the sixth * *. The abdominal wall * *, smooth, and * *. * revealed a cystic * * * above the umbilicus and apparently * * *. The fetal parts could only be made * * * * palpation, but the * * * to the right of and below the umbilicus. By the right * this tumor one * * a small one, the size of a *, * * * * * *. * the groove * it and the large tumor *. * * showed that the cervix, * * * * and to the right and *, * * *, * continuous with the smaller * * was obtained in the large tumor. * * passed into the uterus for fear of setting up * * diagnosis of * * at about * and a * with a living * * * without requiring * * * * the uterus empty. The patient was * at rest in bed and the edema of the left * * *. * * 30th the fundus of the tumor was *. * * and the uterus cm.; the cervix was * * of a * at term. *, * *: * *, * cm. long. * * in abdominal * * *; seen to be very slight and filled * *, * greater than the * *. * * * one of these vessels *, and the hemorrhage * * * * attempting to * it, so great * * of the walls. The cyst * * * * the child * by the foot. * * * by pressure of the hands, then by * *. The walls of the cyst * * to the margins of * *, the edge of the placenta * included in *. * * * * * cm. in diameter, with * for its base; it was filled with * * *. * * * an hour, and the child, * * *, after a brief period of *, * * *. There was at first a * * and a * on the left upper * * * point of the left *, against which it had been * the cyst; * * *, and on the * * * * *. The maternal * was not * * *, when it was * * *, * * * * * * 25th and * *. * * up, and the patient * up on the * * * * * from the first * after its *.
* * * * * the question of the ultimate fate of ectopic * * *. He has * to obtain the record of cases. Of these, * * * after birth; within a month; * * six months *; * * months of diarrhea; * *, * *; * * months from * a total of deaths and * * * accounted for. Of these, * reported as living * * *, with no * *; * * * * * weeks, but there has been no * *; * * * six months, * was lost sight of; * * * * *; live and are well at one year; * * * at two years; * case) is well * seven years; and
1 * case) is well * * * * years. The * on pages * has been * * * * *. * * relative to cases in which * * * * * for advanced * * * *.
* Retention of * * time of the retention of an * * is sometimes * it is no * * for several * * * * such retention. * * examples of * * remaining in * * *; * * * * * years, the mother * * in the * * of a similar *; * *, * * years in the abdomen; *, a case of * * the abdomen, * * bearing in the meantime; *, * * years, and the *, another. In a woman *, * * * * * * * *. * * * *, * followed by * of a living *. * * * to be *, * * that the fetus was still in the abdomen, * * postmortem examination to be made after * * was done, and a large cyst containing an * * * in the left side of the cavity. In a woman * * * years old, having been * * * *, and three months later * * * * in her *. At the ninth * she had *, * * failed to present; the * *, * * * *, * with a negative result. She * into a most * * * so for * *, when the * *, but soon *. * ceased and the * * * * for thirty *. * * * * *, and on postmortem examination a tumor was * part of the * * * *. * * * * consisted of a male fetus * * * * *; it had no * and its * contained no * * * * * * *; the skin *, *, * * * *, *, * * * and the cord * *. * * the case * * * * * * in the * * * * * years. No trace of the placenta, *, * * could be found.
* * a paper * * gestation, with particular reference to tubal pregnancy, and * that when there * between the broad * hemorrhage is greatly * the resistance of the surrounding structures, * * from the primary rupture in this location. * * instance in which he * * * *, the result of an ectopic * * * * and had been retained nearly two years.
* * * account of a * * *, *, * six years. * * *, physician to * of the *, sent to the * * * * * * * that had been extracted from one of the * after a lodgment of thirteen *. * * * report of a case of a child * had been * out of *, * * * * * years, during * the mother had * * *. It was * * * * * * * on the right side and * * *, and in commenting on this * * that in * * * had three * and one * after the * * * lost its function. * * * * * * * * * years, the mother * * * * *. * * * * * * * in her * * * *, * * * was extracted. * * of a woman * * * * * * * * years, which was only * *. She had * * * * and had * a child * * * of a * * * * *, others for *, *, *, * *; *, * *; *, * *, * *; *, * years (in the *; *, * years, and * * * *.
* Retention of Uterine * of long * * * are on record and * * * as those that were *. * * * * * a child in an * condition in the * * *. * * of a case in which * * * many years in the uterus, * * * * *, * * form and *. * the case of a woman who * * * * * * * * *. * describes the retention of * in the uterus for * *; *, one for *, * * * *, * * *. * issued a paper on such a case under the title, * * * *" which may be found in *. * * * of a * * retained in the uterus for six years, and * * a similar *. * * the report of a woman * *, who had * *. * * * * * * * like that *, and after an illness suffered a constant * * the vagina * * *, * * * * * *. * * * * * * *, at the end of which time * * forced to *, * * symptoms of purulent *. At the * * * * adherent to the anterior wall of the abdomen * remnants of a * fetus with its numerous * is an * * of the death of a * * *, * retention and subsequent * * * * * in the abdominal wall one or two *.
* * the case of a woman who * * * * *, and which * normally for nine months, * * * at this time and the * *. *, * * a few * bones by the rectum, and *, * *. At the * the uterus was found * * remains of a fully developed *, * * * through a fistulous connection between * cavity and the rectum. In this case there * * of a fully developed * * * *. * the case of a woman who was * * *, * * * * *; * * * *, and after * the fetus was found in the womb, * * * five years. She had an early return of the *, * * * for four years. * * * * one of which the child * * * months in *; in the other, the mother was still * two years * months after *. Another case was in a woman *, who had * * *, * * * *, * *, in the uterus * *.
There are many * of the long continuation of fetal *, and during recent years, in the * *, * * a prevalence of this kind of *. * * * * of fetal * in the * of old * have been noticed by the lay journals, but * them to have been nothing more than an exceptional * the abdominal muscles, with the ability to simulate * * * * *. * * * * so far as to * * * to the music of a * * *. * * * * in the regions * *" We can readily * * * * * * when we recall the exact simulation of the fetal * * * *.
The extraordinary diversity of reports concerning the duration of pregnancy has made this a much * *. * * to the longest * * period of * * viability of the issue, have been * * on medical *. There is perhaps * * * * *. * are so * * * date of the occurrence of pregnancy, or in the date *, that in the remarkable cases we can hardly * * * * * * associated with other * * *, such as the appearance and stage * of the fetus, or * * * before or after the time *, etc. It will * * to cite the more * * instances of * of the time or duration of pregnancy * * * * *.
* * * of the possibility of a living * * four months; * relates the instance of *, who was said to have been born at the end of four and * months and * to complete * * year. In * of the * * *, * * * * that an infant of five * * * * * the ordinary period of *, *, *" which the law of * * * * of inheritance. In his * * * * of men who were born out of time. * * * births at five, *, *, * * *. * * * before the one hundred and * day; 1
of one hundred and * *; of one hundred and *; of one hundred and * *, * * months; and of one hundred and * * * * * *. * describes a * * * * place at four and a half *; * * * in its * * hours after delivery, and, * the membranes *, * that it was *. * *, * * succeeded in * it; for a few * * were performed *, but it * * *. * * * concerning the case of a * * * * * * after it was born, and in * * * * * * frequently to *. * * *, * * instance of a * of five *, * * *, * *, * * * * * *. * * * * * * had not descended, and the head * well covered *. * * of a woman who in was delivered * * on the one hundred and * *; * * * *; the first * * * * * *; the other * *, with the same length * *. * * of a *. *, * *, * * children and had had *, the last * as such. Her husband * *, and returned *, She did not * * her husband until the * * * *. The date of * was not observed, and the * * * During gestation * * * * a rat. The child * *, the testes *, * * * * *, dying of symptoms of *. * were poor, of excellent character, and * to the evidence, * * * * * and two days, there was * no reason to *.
* * of a child of five * who lived * hours; and he * * * born at the sixth * * * * who were * * * a year after. * * case of a female * born on the one * * day that * * and was * *. * * *, very little * on the head, * * *, and the skin * *; it did not *, and did not * * * * *. Three and * years after, the child * * * *, * * *. At the time of birth it was * up in * * * before the fire. * * of living * * five to six *' pregnancy, and * * of a *' * * * four days. The * * of living * *.
* describes a * of five * * with the birth of twins, one of whom * * minutes and * *. The first * * long, and * * *, and the other * * long, and * *. There is a recent instance of premature * * * * * five and a half and six months, the * *. * * after birth, through the * of the * * *. *, * * * * * * * *" for the *, * * 38
cm. long.
* * * with the * report of the case of a woman who * a child at the end of the fifth month * * * * *. It was first * * * * into its mouth; and at the age of * it was * * * *. * * a case * at the fifth month in which the fetus * * * * * * *. The head * * and the cranial bones * * *. * * the cord and * the fetus * *. * * * * * * arms and * * * * * to the other, * * mouth and trying to *. * in this * for an hour, the action of the heart * * minutes after the * *. * * * * it was * to have been *. * *. *, to whom it was shown, said that * not more than four months old, and this * * * *.
* before the * * * * reported the case of a * *, born in the * of pregnancy. That the child had not had six months * * * * *, the statement * * * the last menstrual period of the mother, the date of the * *, * * *, which was *, * *. * had had this infant * * * beginning and * * *. * * infants of six or seven * that had * * * few days, and had found the alveolar * * * cells, the lung * * placed in a vessel *. * reported a case of premature * * *, the child being not more than * and a half * * *. * * * * that it would not * * * it in a * * * * to the * * had been done, the child * * *, * * * * and was * next day to find it *. * * placed in a small, * * * * with a * * *; on the twelfth * it could take the breast, * time it * * *.
There is a case on record of a child * * six months and * days. The mother had a * at the beginning of
1877, after which * * *, * * * * * * * * birth to * *, which was * * * and kept * * *. * unable to *, it was * * * * *. It was * * at birth that the * * * over the foot * to the knee. * * * * * grams, and at the end of a week * taking the breast. In *, it had * *, * * *, * * *, and was * *. * * * of a child born after a * of six and a * and in * * at two years, and another * ten years of the same age at birth. * * of a * *, born on the one hundred and * *, * * on its fingers or toes, * *, * * developed, and the skin * and thin. It was * to grasp * * nipple, and was * for three * * from the breast through a *. * * * * * * * * *. Before the * * * * died of measles. * describes a case in which * * on the 24th * *, and continued * * * * * * * one of which * * * a few minutes after birth. * * *, * to the *, and this fact, coupled with * size of the children, seemed to verify the duration * pregnancy. In * * *, *, * of a * * * and a half *, * at the age of * * * * * and was * long. The * of the head * inches and the shortest *. The child * freely and readily. * * * was a viable * * * and a half * * *. * says that he has * a child of six months * * eventual development * * born at full term.
In some cases there seems to be a * in women which manifests itself by * * *. * *, *, * * * * * * * * * at the seventh month.
* * * destined to be the future means of * * * *. * * cases have *, and by means of an * * * * * which at the age of six months * * *. A full description of the * may be found. * * * is easily made; the * *. * * * *. * * have been described in recent years, but * appears to be the most *.
The question of retardation of labor, like that of premature *, is open to much *, * * * * * limit of * * *. * * * * a long conversation with the physicians and wise men, * * * in a case before him, that of a woman * * * * *, the child * months after * * * * *. * * law the * established that a woman * * * * at the tenth month of pregnancy. * * * * * *, * that birth may be * the tenth *, and sometimes to a longer period. A case * in the * * * *, * * * * part of the *, *, in which a * * hundred and * days after the death of * * * *. * * * * * enough to come to the * of a * * * * * * that a child born after a *' * * *. * * * * * * * who was delivered after a * * months. The * code of * * * * * * constitute the longest period of * of an infant; * * *, * * * * * *, * hundred and one *.
There are numerous * recorded by the older *. * has one of * *' *; *, one of * *, a case of * *; *, one of *; * *, one of nineteen *; *, * others of * * * *; * *, one of * *, *, and also * * * *. An incredible case is recorded of an * * after a * *' *. Instances of *' * are also *. * * * * * instance of birth * * * *; *, * * two years; and *, * * * * *' * is, of course, *.
* * * *, of a case of gestation * to the * *, * *, * *, *, describes a similar case, the child * * * records a case of late pregnancy, and * * * weeks, but the fetus * *. * * * of three hundred and * *' *. * * * * cases of three hundred and *, * * *, and three hundred and * * * one of four hundred and *. * *, in a * * *, * as being from three * * to three hundred and * *.
Not so long ago a * rendered a * * * * * * * when it was * that the child * * hundred and * days after *. * a case of pregnancy in which the wife of a * * * * hundred and * days before the * describes an instance of the prolongation of pregnancy * hundred and * days, in which the * * * to the length of *. * of a woman * * * * * * *, and on * * * *. * * * * * * *, and by his * * * * * at the breast. * expected to be confined * * *, but the expected * did not occur * nine months after the * * * * * * from the time of conception. The boy was * * * *. The author * *' case, and * * *, at three hundred and * *.
*, * of the State * * for the *, * the pregnancy of an * who had * for four years in this * as one of *. * said that many such cases have been reported, and * less than two years before he had charge of a case * the child was born. * made the report to the New * * * * for the * as one of *' *. * * of a woman who was delivered * * * at term, and again in ten * * * * * * * *; * * * of another case, in *, *. *, of a woman * * * * * over to * 16th, the * in the uterus * * months, and nine months * * *.
* * cases are *, one in a woman * *, * expected to be confined * * * had a few * * * *, and during the * * * * about as large as usual, and was * thought to be in the early stages of labor. In * * * until the first and second * could be * to the head. This condition * about a month, * *. At times during the last nine months of * * * unable to * * * of the *, on the * * * *, after a * * hundred and * *, * was delivered of a * * *. Both the mother and child * * the use of * * *. The other case was * * months and * *.
In a rather * *, * * a case of three hundred and fifty *. * * * instance in a woman *, the mother of one *, in whom a gestation * to the * *. The pregnancy * * carcinoma of the uterus. * describes the case of a * * years and six months, * pregnancy, the result of * *, * * hundred and * *. * * short and easy for a *, and the child * * * *. * * * instance of a woman *, * *, who had been * ten years and * had been regular in *. * * * * * * felt the child for the first time *. She had * * * *, * * * * * * *, * * hours. If all * are correct, the probable duration of this * * months and * *.
* * an example of * * * * months, in which an * * was born; * * * describes a similar case of ten and a half *. * * * * to the *. * * an observation of an * * * * pregnancy that had been * * * * * * * * * *' * * * *. The case had been * his observation * beginning of pregnancy; the patient would not * * * at term, which he *. After a * * * * * * * * * *, together with a * *. * * instance of * * in which the product * * carried in the uterus * days after *. * * * but not *, and the placenta * * degeneration. At a recent meeting of the * *, *. *. *. * reported the case of * * in which the fifth * * hundred and two days after the last *. * before there had occurred * similar to those of * * * *. The sacral * * * * * * diameter of the * * *. The fetus * large and * * *. * * with difficulty * * * of the * * through the superior * expression and *, during which the child * * suffered a deep * of the * * inch of the wall of the rectum.
Among others * instances of * pregnancy are *, * *; *, * *; * *; *, * hundred and * * * * * gives the history of a woman who * * in her * * * *; this case * * under the head of fetus * retained in the uterus.
* * are numerous instances of women who have had experience in pregnancy * * * * moment of delivery, * * none of the * symptoms of this condition. * * * * of good * * who had been * * * who had * * * for a long *, * * * with a * *" and, to her * *, a child was born before the arrival of the * * account of her * * and her * * * *. A peculiar feature of this case was the * * * set in * *, * * * * and had to be removed to an *, * in a few months. * * a woman * * * * * with abdominal *. She had been * years and had never been *. * * * *, but this was attributed to her change of life. * *, * * to the full term of gestation, and was * * * without any * of pregnancy. * * * of a *, * * * * the household.
* * * *, *, * the case of a young * * * * * * *. * found the * distended and * * about the possibility *. * * and her husband * him that such * be the case, as * * had been * and her * enlarged, as she had * a certain * all the * were no signs of *, no change in the breasts, * *, none of the usual signs of pregnancy *. * * * *, and to her *, in about * * * * * of a boy * * *. Both the mother * made a good *. * * * instance of a * * that she was not * up to the * * *. She had * and was * a child * *. During the * * was attacked * * those of labor and a * * into the * * hemorrhage; the placenta * * *. In this peculiar case the * * *, * a child, and at the same time * *.
* * of a case of * pregnancy in which extremely small * * * at the eighth *. * * instance of a woman who had * * *, * * of pregnancy. * * of a woman * of age who had not * a child * * years, but * * birth to a *, * * * * of pregnancy. * * of a woman who * * * * *, * of her *, * * * * at its *. Among the * * of pregnancy * * * * until the period of *, * * * * cases; and * * * instance in which * who had * * * * * * of pregnancy until the * of labor * * * * * * examples of *.
* the other hand, instances of pregnancy with * symptoms and * for birth * *, and many cases are on record. In fact, * * * * gives some space to the subject *. Suppression of the *, enlargement of *, engorgement of the breasts, together with the * by the *, such as *, * of the abdomen, etc., are for the most part * of the cases of *. Of course, many of the * * examples of true *, with its *, * instances of * * * * *, and some are calculated to * the most * by their *. * * * * case of * as follows: "A woman, *, *, it may be, at or past the *, * * * or is * * of becoming *. * * * in amount, irregular, and at last * * * the abdomen and * *, owing to a * on of fat, and this is far less * *. * with this excess of fat the most * * * * of pregnancy. By and by the child is felt, the * it for granted, and this * * until the *, *, corrects the *. Then the * with remarkable speed, and the * of this * is at an end." In the same *, *. * * * * * * * personal observation: * * by a * * regard to a woman * * years of * * in whom * was interested. * * had been * three years to a very old man * of a *. * *, * * * * * * and the rest * *, unless the wife had a child. For two * * * * woman, who was very *, * *. * * sure that she * *, * * * * at a rate and in a way * seemed to justify *. * * * * were the chief * * *. * * did not *, * * *; * * *, and every * made for *. * * * a physician * an examination and * * * absence of pregnancy. A second * * * *, and the tenth * * * * * size and * as to her *. At the twelfth * * * *, * * * * it was the early * *. When it passed over * * * of her *, * * * * at the rate of half a * a day * effort to limit the rate of this remarkable *. * * of two months she had * * * * and was, * *, * *. At this stage * * * * * * * had become * *. * * *, * * many years ago, is a fair illustration of *.
* * * * when in general practice. A * who had * children and * much in her * * * without becoming *. * * * a period, *, as usual, *. * * * * efforts to end * pregnancy, and *, * in her *. * * at the ninth * and were presumed to *. * * *, up to the eighth *, * *. *, * * * * so as to make the * * * and to * * *. * * * until the * * *, *, of course, * * *. * * * not to have * child, and * case, as in all the others known to me, the fat * * as the * * * as to the * *. * * * recall the *, * * was not * two months in * rid of the excess of adipose *. * * * he has * * cases of women * * * cessation of the *, and in which there was * * * in the existence of pregnancy. He has not * * these cases as to know if in them the fat * * * * once the patient was * that no * * *.
*, in an article on the difficulties in the diagnosis of pregnancy, * * * * showing the * * * pathologic conditions and the * of the abdomen in pregnancy. A woman who had * * * with a *, followed by an * * * * * confined to her *, and had never * with her husband during that time. * * * * * engorged and * a serous *; * * enlarged, and both * and her * * * in her *. As in her * * * *. *, * * as to her * * * * *, but when he * that she * * * * * * * * * * *. Still the wife insisted that she * * * * in the belief by a *. * * * *, and about * months after the cessation of * she had the * of labor. * * * * were present, and when they * that the * * * * * up in *; but the * was born shortly after, * proved to be only a mass *, * not the sign of a true *. * * * of a female who had been * several times, * * the signs of pregnancy. * * * * * * fluid, and * * * like those of *; * * all this time she had * *. * * increased in size, and between the * * * * * * * thought to *. * * * * * taking a *, * the disappearance of the other * * * * idea of pregnancy.
There is * * instance of * * of a young * * * all the signs of pregnancy and * * * that she had had * with a man. * * * * * * * * * * * * * *, and after the use of six * the signs of pregnancy *. * * * * *, * * we must not * * the the * * before the seventh or after * *. * a woman, * * * * * * of an *, * *, * * * * * * in her * like those of a child, * * for over a month, when the * * * * * *. * * * certain that she *.
The most * * case of * is that of * * * *, or "Bloody *" as she was called. * * succession of a * *, * * * * having a * by her *.
*, * * * * * * * *. * * * *; the breasts began to enlarge * * around the nipples. She had * * * nature and her * *. * * * * of her *, * opinion of pregnancy * *. * * * * was to make * count on her * * months of pregnancy. When the end * * * *, the people * * * * * * * of the * * * * the new * * had been sent to tell the * * * * * * * * *, and the people * * *. * * * to the venerable * * * * * and give * * * *. * * * * *, and after being * * * * * in her *, * went into *, * *, * with the whole *, *; * * * * of the *, * * *.
* * the case of a healthy *, * *, the mother of three *. She had * * * * * as to cause her to * * * * side to * * were enlarged, the * dark, and the * an elastic *, heavy and * under the hand. * * * to the regular size of *; but the * *, which was * * *, was not seen at the autopsy, nothing more than * * * found. The movement was due to * of the abdominal *, the causes * * gives the history of a * * *, * year, to whom he was called. On entering the * * * by the *, * * * expected the child * *. * * * lying in the usual * position, on * *, *, * *, * * hard at a * to the *. She had a partial cessation of * had complained * * * of the child * of milk from the breasts. * * * * down, the os small and circular, and no signs of pregnancy * uterus. The abdomen * distended with * * * * * * * *. *. * * * * that she was not *, and when she * * * in a few days, * * * of the * *; * * * *, * * fluid from her *, *, * that she * * *, left to seek a more * *, in the words of *, describes a woman as * the most accurate description of the * * * * * * that she had * * * *" * found the * on a * * * *, * * *, * * on a * to her *. The finger on the abdomen or vulva * of great *. * * * * * *, and the next day * * * *, * * *, but the * * of labor, * * * * *, had ceased.
* * * examples of *, the first with no apparent cause, the second due to carcinoma of the uterus, * the third there was a small * in the anterior wall * *. Some cases are of purely * *, * a purely * distention of the abdomen. * * * due to *. Cases of * in women * * are not uncommon, * most of them are * * an extra * of life.
* * of a child seven years old * * * * * for a * *. She had been well * *, but since then she had several times * * by a boy, * of which she had * * *. * the first * * * began to enlarge, * * develop, and the * * *. In seven * * * the signs of pregnancy, but the cervix was * *; the sound * * inches and was * * hemorrhage. The child * well developed, the * * with hair, and all the * * * * * *.
* * * * * * * there are often present * and vomiting * * * *. * is often so * as to * of most serious * and even * * * *. This fact is well known and has * *, but with it is associated * *, the occasional association of the same * in the *. The belief has long been * in parts of Great *, * * * * * at the present *. * * * * * this subject, the substance of his * being that * * * * with their * * * * * in their own *. No less an * *. * * * attention to the * * * * in the * in his * * * * years ago. * * * the following * * *.
"A woman had given birth to two female children. * years passed and her desire for a boy was *. * * * * once, and had * * this, as * * * * * *, a very small but * *. * * * * * * as usual with * * * * fat, and as the growth was *, * *, *, * * * sure of *. * was not * patient, but her husband * * to his own *, * * on with the * of this sign in his *, * had been the case * in her * *. * * * to leave * * * *. * * later that the * to gain * and be * * * * * *. * * *, an examination *, and when sure that there was no possibility of her * * began to lose *, and within a few * * * *.
* * * instance of * in a husband * weeks after the appearance of * in the wife * * *. He had * attacks, and it was not until the * the next * that the * * any other sign of * * * *. * * * for two * was the same as that which he had * * * * *, although not until * * and his * aware of the existence of pregnancy. The * * case in which the * nausea and vomiting, as well * of the wife, * * * *. * * instance of a man who was * in the * * * * * a child. This occurred during * *, * * related that his own father was similarly affected * mother was in the early months of pregnancy with *, * hereditary predisposition.
* * * and peculiar * of pregnant women * * matter for discussion. From the earliest * are many such *. * * * *, * are many others, of pregnant women * * * *. *, *, *, * *, *, and several * * * *. * have seen * for human * in such * * a woman with an * for the blood of *. * * * * * * * * by her * * blood from the * * *" * * * * of pregnant women, and says that * been known to * *, *, *, *, *, *, to drink * *, and to * in all * *. * gives the case of a woman who would * * all the * * * *. * * * * of a case of a woman * *, who had been * years, who acquired a strong * * *, * * for it. * seemed to * * and to cure a *. * * * *, * *. * * of a woman who had a most * for her own milk, and * * * * * a similar *. Another case is that of * woman who had a desire for hot and * * *, and who in a short time * * * * * * a case in which the * * in pregnancy, * *, but this is not * of most *. The pregnant wife of a * * * * * of her husband. * Many instances could be *, * in which extreme cases of polydipsia and * developed; these can be readily * the increased call for * and food. Other cases * * * can be recalled, such as * *, * *, and, on the other hand, *, *, * purity of the *. Some of the * * * * * * * * * * * * are commonly * * * is often a * for a particular kind of food * * which no * * had been * *.
* * * * associated with pregnancy is the apparent influence of the * of the * the child in utero. Every one * of the popular * * *, * * resemblance to some animal * seen by the mother during pregnancy, *. The truth * *, *, seems to be more * * facts of a substantial nature. There is a * to explain any abnormality or * of the child * * * * during the period of the * *, * * is often distorted and the * * * * * * satisfactory explanation. It is the * of the * * to attribute the existence * *" to an episode in the * pregnancy. The *" * * * * was due to * that his mother * * * in utero * * * * * by an elephant. In some countries the * * is forbidden because of the * * * *. * * * Twins" for * were forbidden to * * * * a period *.
We shall * only a few of the most interesting cases from medical literature. * * * * of a * * * with a * because she * a black * * it as a case of maternal *, * * * * * placed in her * * * of a *, * * of which * * * during the whole * *. *, again, in the * * * occurs the following * *: "If a * has a * * * * * *, * * of them, * which is born * on its head the mark of *" This statement, however, occurs in a work which is * by any of the ancient *, and is * * all the modern *; according to *, *, *, * * proof that * was a * one of the most popular and * * * *.
In the explanation of heredity, * states "that the body of the male as well as that of the female * * * which is * *) is derived from * *, that which is strong *) * * *, and the fetus will correspond to the quality of the * the semen of one part come in greater * from the * from the female, * part will * more closely *; *, however, it comes more from the female, the part * resemble the mother. If it be * that the semen * both parents, then it is impossible for the whole * * either the mother or the father, or neither the one * other in *, * * the child * * the one and the other in *. The child * * the one * * * to the formation of *" * was the * theory of generation *, and it was * used to explain the * of certain diseases and malformations. For instance, * of the * * *, * *: * * *, like that of other diseases; for * * * * * of a *, and a * * *, and a * of a *, and one * * of another * disease of the spleen, what is * it from * * where the father and mother * to this disease certain of their offspring should be * also? As the semen comes from all parts of the * * will come from * parts, and * * *.
According to *, * * * * with long * like a *, * mother had * * * a picture of * *. *. * * * * * * * resemblance to a *. * * a case *; it was an *, * by the effect of * produced a white *. * describes this case *: * says that *, * * *, * * *, also an *, * a daughter * * skin, and the * * ascribed to the * * picture of * * * * throughout the whole * *" * * * the case of a * * *, * during a conflict * * *, * * * * * * * * *, * birth to a daughter * hand, the other hand being a bleeding *; * * * the case of the wife of a * * *, * * * * * * off at the * * * * * a daughter with one *. * * of a child * * of a mouse; * *, the mother had been * by one of these animals. * describes a * * traces of a * in the same location as one * the mother. * * * of several * of a * a face * a dog * mother had been *; * * child with one * blue and the other *, * * * * seen a person * *; of an infant * * upper and lower extremities, the mother * * * *; and another, a child born with its * * * * *, * mother had been * * * and a descending *. There is the history of * * * * * * months with her * * * on the right * by a dog. * weeks after, * * * with three * corresponding in size and appearance * caused by the * * on her *. * * * * a woman in her seventh month * * * on a *, * the mother, * * * burns. The * * two months later of an infant * * * * extremities in a manner similar to the * * *. This infant * on the third day, * * * * months later with the same *. * * * nearly all the fingers and toes * of. In a *, long after the mental *, a healthy * was born.
* describes a case which has * become almost * of a woman * *, * * * *, by her * * at the * *. The day after the * * and was terminated by the birth of a * * *, * * * * * extent and * * * * to the locations of * injuries. The mother * on the fourth *.
* * the history of a * * during a * * * * into a *, * the whole front of *, the front and * of the thighs to the knees, * *, and the left *. * * * necessary, and a * *, * * * * *, * * *, was delivered. There was * * * near the inner * of the eye and * * about the neck and * which the mother * *. There was no history of syphilis * of any * * the mother, who died on the tenth * * *.
* describes a woman * *, the mother of seven children, who * * * * * *, * * the animals * * * with its * *" * * a sudden *. * * was born *. * and face * small and *. Instead of a * had a * * * * * * *, * at an angle * *. The space between this and * * occupied by a body * an adult *. * * two small, * * * * * * * * minutes). The * * * * *, *, * *. * * * * * * normal children.
* * * instance of the influence of maternal * in the causation of a large, *, * * * on the face: "When the mother was in * * * * by a * in which * * * *, during the early months of her * * * * * * * * light the fire *, and at that time * * * with the * * * would be *" * * * *" an individual with * *, * * classed as an *, * as a *, * *. According to the story, when the mother was * * * her husband, * *, * *, * * *, put a large * * in the *. * * the wife * to the * and the * * *, * * * by its * * as it * to the floor and began to move *.
* * * * case in which a woman was attacked by a * when in her * month of pregnancy, and * to a child * * * the shape and action of *, * * * * * *. * and mouth also markedly * the head of a *.
The teeth * * like a * *. The mere mention of a * * the child (a man * *) * * * *, "particularly in the * *" * * history of a case of a child born with its left eye * by a *, * mother was * in a corresponding * the face * hours before *. There is on record * of a young man * * suffering from * attributed to the fact that his mother was * * * having been * * * * *. * * * * deformity of the right * the autopsy, all the skin, *, muscles, and bones * *. * * of a woman who was * * * * by a * * to see * the genitals of her * * * * * * amputation of the penis * account of carcinoma. * * had been removed. * * stated that from the * * * * *, her mind * * * * * * on the * condition of *. While in this * * * * birth to a * * * entirely absent, but who was * well and * *. The other portions of the genitals * perfect and *. The appearance of the * and the * *. A most * case is stated by * * * * experience of * * *. A woman had a * * * with whom she had had * * *. * * put in a * on the *, * * two years. On leaving the * * * * *, * nine months after * * birth to a *. * * was that during * * in the * * nine months * she had the image of her * * * *. * * of a woman who * * by the actions of a * at a *, * * into the world a child * * * * of the * in a most striking *.
* * * cases in which * * * marks on the fetus. There is a case mentioned in which a * * informed that an * * had been * * *; the immediate cause of death * fracture of *, produced by the corner of a * against which the * *. The mother was * * * *, which was * described to her * *. * * at birth * a red and * upon the scalp corresponding in location with the * in the *. The child is now an adult woman, and * upon the scalp remains red and sensitive to pressure, and * devoid of hair. * * *, *, * * instance of maternal *. During the sixth * the pregnancy of the mother her husband * *, * * out through the left *. * * * * *, * * * *. *: *, * * * *, for when * saw the wound * * * * * my face, * * covered with blood, and * * * * will have a *" The child came to term without a * *. * *, * * * on the left * just below * * * of the * from its * *. * * * the size of a * *, and had * * * bright red color, and was * visible at the distance of * *. The authors have had * * *. * * regard to this case, which he * * * evidence of a case of maternal impression that he * *.
* * as are the foregoing *, those of paternal * * *. * are on record, * are of sufficient * * * * * * *. * below are given to illustrate the method *. *, * * *, * of the case of *, the father being a * * * an eye in the war. * was born with one of its * * up in the orbit, * * * an appearance like that of the * * a man * * * * * * * * * * * * * with his * * and bleeding. * * in a great * *, and a few days later the wife was delivered of a * * of the bladder. * * the curious * * man who * that if * * * was a daughter * * speak to it. The child proved to be a *, and during * of the * life nothing could induce the * * * his father, *, in fact, to any other * *, * * * * * * * to both men and * * the birth of a child * * had a *, and the * * * stiff and * * * * * as that of its *.
* influence of the paternal * on the physical and mental * of the child is well known. To designate *, * is the word that was coined by * * * *" and he * it as "Infection of *" and, at another time, as "Those * * * the offspring is said to resemble, not the father, * * * of the *, in other words, the * of a previous * on the progeny produced by * one from the same *. In a systematic * * before the * * *, *, * *, * *, as a means of making the definition * * * * *, * * * * the classic example which * * the attention of * * * to this phenomenon. * facts of * * * in a letter from the * * * * * of the * * * and were as follows: * * * * put a male * to a young * * * blood, which had never before * * * * was a female * * * both parents. * sold the * * * * *, * two years after * the hybrid * her to a black * *. During the * * she had two * * * * *: "They have the character of the * * * as can be expected * of the blood are * they are * * of the *; but both in their * in the hair of their * they have a striking * * *. * * * *, * more or less * * in a darker *. Both are distinguished by the dark * * * of the back, the dark * * *, and the dark * across the back part of the * * of the * * saw the * * * * *.
* *, in the * Review for *, * * * * * * by his * *. *, * * is often * * of animals * *. * * * * * * on to say: * * * * * had a valuable * *, * * had a * by a * *. The next * * * * on a visit to a pure * *, * * * * as much of the first * as the second, * next year he sent her to another *, with the *. Another case: A friend of * * * had a * * * for, by a * from a * * * * * she never * * * *, no matter * * *.
* *, * * * breed of * * * * * *, * * * on the subject * is great, says that * * * * consider that * * * to a * *, she is never * to breed * *, * * * * legs are apt to come * * * is a pure *. This has been proved * *, but is not *' * *. * * *: * know this theory well; and if a * * happens to breed to a dog of another * is of little use for * * * * which produce large * and go a short time * * * back to * * far more * * * * and pigs most of all, * * least. The influence of previous * may be carried * second generation or further, * I have a * * * to be * * * *. * * has very * and every appearance of being a half *, * * * * * blood, as far as * *, * * (a very * *) * * * * * *, and all * * * * * * *. * * * * many years ago, * the only one in the *, *, * * * * *, * * * this case is really *.
* * * * wish to breed * with as * * as possible. In order to accomplish this they * * * * first to a * *, * * * * which they *. * * put the * * * * * * get a * * * * * *, but have much * * than they * have had, and also show much of the * * *, * proving that physiologic as well as * may be transmitted in this way.
* * the foregoing *, * * his attention to man, and makes the following * *.
"We might expect from the foregoing account of * * animals that whenever a black * had a child to a white * * * a black *, * * * * * * *. *. * * * * * * * that he was * * * * * * * * if a * had a child * * a white, and * * * with a *, * * * * * * * than the *, as far as * know, this is the only instance of * on record. * * has shown that when * * * with an animal of a mixed *, * * much more closely the parent of pure * this may explain why the * recorded by * * * * noted. For a *, who is of very * * * have a stronger influence on the * than an *, * * of a mixed *. * * the correct *, we should expect that when a * * first a black man, and then a white, * * the white * would be * *. * * * * *, it is very rare that a white * * * * man, and then have a white * * *, we have a fair number of * * * * * born in the above way of *.
*. * * a case in which * young woman, * * *, * * of white *) parents, but *, some time * to her *, had a *) * by a * * * *, * traces of the *. *. * * * * patient the young woman at one time *, * * * * of satisfying * as to the * to which the * * * in her *; * * * * with the *, * * that the hair had the qualities * * *' * * * a letter from a *' in the United States, * said that children * * had been *' observed to show * * * when the women had had * * *, a child by) a *. *. * of New * * * *, * said the above * * as a *' *. * *, * * * * *' mentioned this fact, and when * about it * had never heard the statement *.
"But it is not only in relation to color that we find * to have been * in the human subject. *. * * a most interesting case in the * * * * * * * * *, * * * *, none of whom * * in any particular, * * with a white *, * * * *. During gestation * * * * *, * the birth of a * * * * *. It so * * * * * * * * on each *, but there was no * * * in the white *, * when the * * was born * * * deformity of a * *, * * * *, * * * *, *: * knowledge of this * fact is by no * * *, * said that most of the children * * have a greater resemblance to the legal than to * * observation that was confirmed by * * and by the * *. * * comes the *: * * * * * *' * has noted * in relation to * of children by a second *. * said that * long been known that the children by a second * the first * * * mind, and disposition. * * a case in which this * was very well *, * * * *, * *. * * * * on this * *; * *. * * * * * * * * * in the cases of * * the children of the * * resemble the first *.
"An observation * having some bearing on this subject was made by * * * *, *. *. * * * * * * had had a child by a *, * * power of conception by a male of her own *, * * * by a white *. * * this to be the * * * *; but it has been *, or at * proved to be by no means a universal law, in every * that of the * * * and New *. * * thought it * that the * * * in some degree be due to the same * * * * * * who have had * by white men.
"It would seem as though the * had had some knowledge of *, for in * we find that when a man * * *, * * * commanded to * * * * * that he * * * seed to his *' * We must omit the * * into this subject that is offered by *. *. * * * * * * on one of three main *.
* *, or, to * *: "Due to mental * * * either on the * of the female and * on her * *, or on the * of the *, and so * the qualities of his *, * * * nutrition and development of the offspring."
Due to a local influence on the * organs of the mother.
Due to a general * through the fetus on the mother.
* * * next to deal with the diseases, *, * operations that affect the pregnant uterus and *; these are rich in anomalies and facts of *, and have been recognized from the earliest *. * * works usually grouped together under the * * *" are to be found the * upon the subject of * * * * * * * * * down to modern * there were * * before the time of * * *, and that the works ascribed to the "Father *" * immediately followed by those of other * * not to be *; * * nearly all * prior to and after * have been * * * *, most of those that were written by the * * * * have been * * *. * puts it, * * * * * * * * * * *.
The first to be considered is the transmission of * disease to the fetus in utero. The first disease to * * *. *, *, * * * * * *, the child * dead and * of the typical * *, with a history * * having been infected during pregnancy. * * cases in which a child in utero * *. In the * the mother was infected in pregnancy; the other * * * * * * *; she did not * *, * she had been infected many months * * a woman of a healthy * at full term * * recovered from a severe attack of this disease * * month of gestation. * * the child * * after the delivery. * reported to the * * *, *, the case of a woman who * birth to * * of about * * * *' *, * * hours after birth covered with the * of seven * *' *. * * on the fetus * * and typical, and could have been nothing but * *; *, this disease was * in the * the time. The mother had never been infected before, and * *. Both parents * * and neither of * ever had syphilis. About the time of conception, * * * *, the father * suffered from * *, but the mother, who had been * * *, had never been * * during or after * *. * * a peculiar instance of a * * *, * mother was covered with the * hours after delivery. The child * * * * * of the *, and was * at once. * * with its * * through the *, * *, with the exception of the ninth day, when a slight * to its * *. The mother made a good * the author * that had the child * * a short *, it would most likely have been infected.
* * * instance of congenital * in twins. * * of a woman * * twins who * * and a half *. One of the * * * * * *, although the mother and other * * from any symptoms of the disease. In * * birth of a * * * * * together with ulcerations of the * * * and stomach, although the mother had * * * some time before. * describes a case of * * days after birth, the mother not having * * * *. * * * * * * in the eighth month of pregnancy. The * born with the disease, and both mother and * * many others * evidence of * in utero *, *, * *, *, *, *, *, *, *, * *.
*, *, Pneumonia, and even * * reported as having been transmitted to the child in utero. * * * * * in her * *. * * the rash * * * hours after birth, * through the regular * * * of ten *. The mother had no signs of the disease, but * all about * * *. * the period * is from three to four days, with a * * * * * * *' *, when the *; this case must therefore have been infected in * * * * of the case of a woman, * *, *, who had * in the eighth *, * * birth to an infant with *. The mother was * pneumonia on the fifth day of her *, * * * died in four weeks of intestinal *. * * transmitted from the mother to the fetus * out of 11
cases, there * * deaths in the *.
* * observed the case of transmission of pneumonia from a mother to a fetus, and has * * cases in which the blood * uterine vessels of patients with pneumonia * *. * collected a number of cases of * during pregnancy, showing a fetal mortality of *.
* * * instances of fetal * in which the infection was * transmitted by the male parent. * * the father * * * * * *; * had never had a *. The violent * * *, and the spleen * so large as to retard it. * * * * * * * * *, * * *.
* modes of infection of the fetus * syphilis, and the infection of the mother, have been well *, and need * *.
There has been much discussion on the effects on the fetus in utero of medicine administered to the pregnant mother, and * as to the reliability of this * are so * we are in * as to a satisfactory *. * * * administered and eliminated by the mammary glands * to the child at the breast are well known, and * * by nearly every physician, and, as in cases * * *, *, * no other than the actual *, * * as to the efficacy of * have been made from time to time with *.
* * * * * *, *, * * acid in the blood and secretions of the fetus * * just before death. In cases in * had been *, * * the fetal urine of 11
cases; in * was present, and in the others, *. * * * experiments on the lower animals. * * * * * just before birth in 25
cases, and in each case * it in the urine of the * after birth.
At a discussion held in New * * years ago as to the real effect on the fetus * * * to the mother, * * * * alone in * that the * * *. * * * * on the *. * * *, * * *, * * * * *, * * states that he has * * * * * * * on the fetus * *. Over fifty years ago, in a * * * * * *. * * a new idea in the * * * during the latter stages of pregnancy. * of this * is known, and whether, * *, * acts by * * oxygen to the blood, or * * itself is * to the fetus, has never * *.
*, who has been a close * on this subject, reports some interesting cases. In his first case * * * of iron * * * * three times * on a woman who had * * * children, with a * *. * * * *, but in a third * * by the same medication with a woman who had * * * *. In a fourth case of * * three consecutive * he was successful. * * * *: It was that of a woman in her * *, with one exception, * * * * * * * * * * *. The one exception lived a few *. Under this treatment he was successful in * * * * * time for *, and had * for a normal * at the time of report. * that the administration of a * * * * * to a * which, by its * * *, is thought to be *. * * * the passage of substances foreign to the * the placenta, and * an excellent * * *, which is * * * in a * * *.
In this important *, *, * * some historical *, describes a long series of experiments performed on * in order to * the passage of *, *, *, *, *, *, * * the placenta. The placenta shows a real affinity for * substances; in it * copper and mercury, but *, and it is therefore * it that the * * *; in addition to its *, intestinal, and *, * * glycogen and acts as an * *, and so resembles in its action the liver; * * of the fetus * only a potential *. * up of * in the placenta is not so general as * of them in the liver of the mother. It may be * the placenta does not form a barrier to the passage of * the circulation of the fetus; this would seem to * * *, which was always found in the * never in the fetal
