The Doublet Method Medical Record Scrubber
The doublet method (medical record de-identifier) will accept
any plain-text file. To
demonstrate the versatility of the doublet method, and to serve
as a source of comparison with other de-identifiers, I downloaded
a public domain book from Project Gutenberg, and posted here the
de-identified output, of the entire book.
For a general guide to medical confidentiality and deidentification,
you may like to read one of my earlier publications on the topic at:
http://www.julesberman.info/confapi.htm
Project Gutenberg is a remarkable resource that publishes plain-text
versions of literary gems that have passed out of copyright. I used
Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine by George M. Gould and Walter
Lytle Pyle. This book has lots of medical terminology and vaguely
resembles the kind of text that might be included in a pathology
report. Anyone can download the same text from:
http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/747
When you look at the scrubbed output in this file (below),
you will notice that there
are many blocked words.
This is a limitation of the doublet method. If you use the standard
list of doublets on any random book, you're bound to block some
innocent doublets that weren't included in the "approved" list.
The only way to get around this limitation is to try to add safe
doublets (from the text) to the "approved" list.
The strength of the doublet method is speed
(the 2.4 Megabyte book was de-identified in 3 seconds,
thousands of times faster than other de-identifiers described
in the literature).
Also, the doublet method is virtually perfect. I have never
encountered a missed identifier in text scrubbed by the doublet
method.
If you find any identifiers in the de-identified book, please
let me know. Finally, the doublet method is simple.
Examples of the scrubber working on contemporary medical
text is available at:
http://www.julesberman.info/pathol6.htm
The Perl script that I used to scrub the book is shown below,
in its entirety. In the script, "aacom10.txt" is the Project
Gutenberg file for Anaomalies and Curiosities of Medicine. The doublets
list (requried by the script) is available as a public domain
file.
http://www.julesberman.info/doublets.htm
As with all my distributed scripts, the following disclaimer applies:
The perl script for deidentifying text using the doublet method is
provided by its creator, Jules J. Berman, "as is", without warranty
of any kind, expressed or implied, including but not limited to the
warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and
noninfringement. in no event shall the author or copyright holder be
liable for any claim, damages or other liability, whether in an action
of contract, tort or otherwise, arising from, out of or in connection
with the software or the use or other dealings in the software.
The script is distributed under the
GNU General Public License (www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt)
#!/usr/local/bin/perl
$begin = time();
open(TEXT,"doublets.txt")||die"cannot";
$line = " ";
while ($line ne "")
{
$line = $getline = <TEXT>;
$getline =~ s/\n//;
$doublethash{$getline}= "";
}
$end = time();
$totaltime = $end - $begin;
print STDERR "Time to create ";
print STDERR "the doublet hash is ";
print STDERR "$totaltime seconds.\n\n";
close TEXT;
$begin = time();
$/ = "\n\n";
open(TEXT,"aacom10.txt")||die"cannot";
open(STDOUT,">aacom10.out")||die"cannot";
$line = " "; $oldthing = ""; $state = 0;
while ($line ne "")
{
$line = <TEXT>;
next if ($line eq "\n");
#print "Original - $line" . "Scrubbed - " ;
$line =~ s/\n$//;
$line =~ s/\n/ /o;
my @linearray = split(/ +/,$line);
push (@linearray, "lastword");
foreach $thing (@linearray)
{
$originalthing = $thing;
$thing = lc($thing);
$thing =~ tr/a-z\'\-//cd;
if ($oldthing eq "")
{
$oldthing = $thing;
$originaloldthing = $originalthing;
next;
}
$term = "$oldthing $thing";
if (exists($doublethash{$term}))
{
print "$originaloldthing ";
$oldthing = $thing;
$originaloldthing = $originalthing;
$state = 1;
next;
}
if ($state == 1)
{
if ($thing eq "lastword")
{
print $originaloldthing;
print "\n\n";
$oldthing = "";
$state = 0;
next;
}
print "$originaloldthing ";
$oldthing = $thing;
$originaloldthing = $originalthing;
$state = 0;
next;
}
if ($state == 0)
{
if ($thing eq "lastword")
{
print "\*\.\n\n";
$oldthing = "";
next;
}
$punctuation = substr($originaloldthing,-1,1);
if ($punctuation =~ /[a-zA-Z0-9]/)
{
$punctuation = "";
}
print "\*" . "$punctuation ";
$oldthing = $thing;
$originaloldthing = $originalthing;
next;
}
}
}
$end = time();
$totaltime = $end - $begin;
print STDERR "Time following ";
print STDERR "doublet hash creation";
print STDERR " is $totaltime seconds.";
exit;
ANOMALIES and * of MEDICINE
* * * collection of rare and * cases, and of the most striking instances of abnormality in all * medicine and *, derived from an * * * * from its origin to the present *, *, annotated, and *.
* * *. *, *, *. * * *. *, *, *.
* * *.
*.
Since the time when * * * * * * * * his own * and the * * * *, the anomalous * * have been * and persistent * * *; and especially * true of the construction and functions of the human *, indeed, it was the anomalous that was * * * in the * the attention, * * that were * to develop into the body * * which we now * *. As by the aid * * * * * * * * * our vision into the * * * has emerged *, we find * * and even evidence of *. To the highest type of * * it is the * the ordinary * * * * *. * to such, no less than to the most *, * * * is of absorbing interest, and it is often * * that the * * the most * into the heart of the mystery of the ordinary. * * been said, * * * * *. * * dermoid cysts, for example, we seem to * * * the secret * of Nature, and * out into the * * of her clumsiness, and * of her * * * *, *, * tell us much of * * * used by the vital * * * * even the silent * * * upon the * * *.
* * * * * * *' * * * * *, * * *" * *, and looking at the matter * we find that it was the strange and * * * body that * * * as well as much of * attention. In the beginning, the organs and functions *, the mysteries of sex, not the routine of digestion * *, * * *, and in them *, as it were, an * * * down into * of matter and the * * * *, * them to * * * * *. * * * of primitive * * * * that has been * * * society by the *. Among the older *, such as * *, and even in the older *, * * * as well as civil and political *, * * *, and especially the aberrations of form or function * * *, * the eye * *. * * records of early *, * * began to * *, it was again the same order of * * singled out by the attention. The very * * * * * to many * * widely separated * organs of generation as * those of the brain, * of the state of mind that led to and * * of dissection.
In the literature of the past * * predominance of the interest in the curious is exemplified in the * * * * titles, in which the * * *, *, *, *, *, *, *, * *, * *, *, * when medical science * * *, it was * * and rare that were thought worthy of *, * * * * illustration of the common, or of *. With all his * * *, * * * * book with references to * strange, and * *.
In our day the * seems to be *, * * any medical * is without its rare or "unique" *, * * chiefly by * of its * features. A * is invariably reported, and the insertion of such a * * productive of correspondence * discussion with * of finding a * for it.
* view of all this it seems itself a * fact that there has never been any * * of medical *. * have been most * that numerous * * into existence in response to such a * *. * * * appears to be the first * to classify * * the literature of this * has been * purpose to * * and to * * the records of the most *, bizarre, and * that are found in medical literature of all ages * * * *. It will be readily seen * a collection must have a function far beyond * * * *, even if * * * * * *" *, as we *, * * * * * all such cases in the literature of Medicine *, *, *, *, *) * show the * * * * from the ordinary, * * the future clinician and * must have use for * * decides whether his own strange case has * * * *. He will thus be * * * * of his statements and the accuracy of his *, to know * * * * * *, and by * * * * * * * * * to what * tissues and * be damaged * * death, and thus the surgeon * to proceed to his * with greater * * * * as to the issue. If a * * * play the part of a successful * * *, certainly a * surgeon may * entering the * * *. * * portions of an * *, *, parts of the liver, or the brain * be lost *, and the patient * *, the physician is * * * * *, and that if possible to arrest * these organs before their total destruction, the prognosis * * acquire new and more * *.
Directly or * * * * have also * * * * *; in fact, it must * that much of the importance of medical * in a * comprehension of the anomalous and rare * *. * * * has its * * * * * of the occurrence of * *, * * deviations from the natural. * * should be able to maintain * * by a * * * to any * * * * by his *; and it is only by an * * * * anomalies that an authority * * can hope to substantiate * * *. In every * * he is closely * * * * dose of the drug in question that has been * *, and the smallest dose that has killed, and he * to have the cases of * * * * * * *. * * with a child * *' gestation may be saved the loss of * * * * * cases in which * * * *' *; * * of the viability of a * * may alter the disposition of an *; * * * * * * on the * without external * * * * * *; and so it is with many other cases of * *.
It is * that in * * * * * * in our * for the * so often * * of our * * and peculiar * * *, also, to enter a mild * against the modern * * * * with a * * * * * * and reports of * and physicians, * they lived hundreds of years ago. We are * of the power * by the * * * past, but as applied to early *, * suggest that * may easily be too *. * *, * * a monster, we may * * *, * *, * *, and make * * * * * * * *, coupled with the * * * * *; but when he describes in his own * * * * * have seen on the * or in * *, we think, * * *, * * *. For the rest, * * not that the modern * * be mild, * as much of a * as his * * if we find * instances that are essentially * * * reported in * journals or books, and * * *. In our * we have *, * as possible, to cite * cases from the older * * more recent *.
* * suggests the question of * in general. * * hardly be said that the * * * have usually * * * *, * * * * have many times proved that * *, * * in most *, * * * *, * *, a scientific * * and if it is so with *, * must be the * * based upon * * *? It is * for us to guarantee the * * *. If we have been * certain of *, * not even have * * * *. * * do no more with apparently * *, * * * men, than to cite author and source and * * *, * * * must end.
* * * * * * * never to end was in * out the enormous * requisite for a * that we had omitted no * that might lead * *, * * *. Choice in * *, of course, * * * *, and especially * the present, there is considerable * * * with the purpose of * * results in one *. * *, it may be said that several years of * have been spent by us in the great * * * United States and * in collecting the material *. *, * of this, * * errors are to *, we shall be grateful to have them pointed out. It must * that limits of space * * * of the cases, and the prime object of the whole * been to * collect and group the * *, and allow the reader to form his own conclusions * his own *.
As the entire labor in the preparation of the * *, from the * of the idea to the completion of the * * * the personal work of the authors, it is * * of the authenticity of the reports * * material is presented.
* references are given to those * that are * unknown or unique, or that are worthy of * or further *. To prevent * * the book with *, in those instances in which * a number of cases of the same nature, and a description * been thought *, * * * * are but * * * * *. * * * * * * has been added at the end * *. * contains the most important sources of *, and each * * * * has its own *, * used in its * * through the book *, * *, *; the New * * *; * * * * * * * that every effort has been made to * * * group the thousands of cases contained in * * * of no small proportions in itself), a * index is a practical * for the full * * is essentially a *, and consequently * * *, in which may be found not only the subjects * and numerous *, but also the * the authors of the most important *. A table of * * *.
* assume the responsibility for * * *, certain abbreviations, and the occasional substitution of * * *, fractions, and *, * * * space, and in some cases to more * * * *. From the variety of the reports, * * * * is almost *.
As we * * increasing our data, we shall be * to receive information of any * * * *, either of the past or in the future.
For many * * * * * * * * * *, among others, to acknowledge our * * * to the officers and * * * * * *, *, * Library of * * * * * *, * Library of the *, * Library of the * * *, * * * * * * *, * *, and the Library of the * * * *. * * *. *. *, *, * *. *.
* TABLE OF *.
* * *. * * *.
*. * * *.
*. * * *.
*. * *.
*. * * *.
*. * * *.
*. ANOMALIES OF *, SIZE, AND DEVELOPMENT *.
*. * *.
*. PHYSIOLOGIC AND FUNCTIONAL * *.
*. * ANOMALIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK *.
*. * ANOMALIES OF THE EXTREMITIES *.
*. * ANOMALIES OF THE THORAX * * *.
*. * ANOMALIES OF THE GENITOURINARY * *.
*. * * * *.
*. * TYPES AND INSTANCES OF DISEASE *.
*. * * *.
*. * * AND MENTAL * *.
*. * * *.
lastword lastword ANOMALIES AND * OF MEDICINE.
* *.
* *.
* * * been of interest, not only to the student of medicine, but to the * as well. In * * were many * * * *, all of * the era of physiologic *, were of *. * * to be the natural * * of the * * *, * * * * * * was to be *; * * * deleterious to the whole * *, as, for * the older * we find that * *: * * of a woman in this state, * will become *, * * * by her * *, * * * plants are * up, and the fruit will fall * * * * * *" * * says that the * * * * * about the fields * the vegetation * worms and *. * *, * blood was believed to be so * * * * of a * * * * * * * * * *. Among the indigenous * * * * * that one of the *, * * * * lying on his * * * *, * *, and died of * * * *. *, * * during this * * * * anything that * *. * said that * * of a * * * take the * out of *, and the next * * in it would be * * a man who * * * a tree * * * because a * * * * * *. * that the * * by the * * * * corresponds with the * * * *. * the time of menstrual * * obliged to *, and in most instances to occupy * *, * * * are forbidden to prepare * for anyone *. It was believed that, were a * * * * * *, * *, or a *, * * would have *. * men are in the habit of making a * * * * * *" which is to the * * *" will be effective provided that no * * condition is allowed to approach the * of the official *.
* * * * the ancient * the dangers of sexual intercourse during this period, and the * many such * * * * * * * * of the * * * at this * at one time * * held in much * *.
On the other hand, in some of the * * * * regarded as *, and the first * * * * * * * * * in order that the first * might not be *, *, because it was * to be the * and best * *. * * * * at the present day in * * *, despite the efforts of the * * * them, and descriptions of * and their * have often been given by *.
As the advances of * * * * as to the true nature of the menstrual period, and the age of * *, the intense interest in *, and now, rather than * held in fear * *, * * * * see the results of * this period. The * * of the * * * * of the * * examples of *.
* anomalies of * * * * * much attention, and we find medical literature of all times * *. While some are simply examples of * * *, and were so * * * * *, there are many that are physiologic * * *. * * * * * the case of a young * * suffered from * *, *, instead of * through the natural * * * * on the leg for a period of *, when the * of the discharge changed to an eruption * * arm, and continued in this location for one year; * * shifted to a * on the thumb, and at the end * six months * changed, the next * being on * *; * * * for a period of two * * * * * describe a case * with the foregoing, though not * the source.
*, in a collection of physiologic * * a period of a century and a half, * * * from the skin. * has also * * of this *. * * of bloody * * in a woman * *; * *, * * but a week or a *, and the * not confined to any one *. * * * * of a case of suppression of the menstrual * * there were * contractions of the body, * * of the right *. Later on, the patient received a * the left eye * *; swelling of this *, and one * * * * from it, * * * from the skin of the nose, and * * from the skin of the fingers and from the nails.
* * * account of a healthy * *, * years of age, * * * * * * * a half years; the * * * irregular and * * hemorrhages from the * * *, * attacks of *. * * *, * * * *, and, later, * * from the * of the left breast and right *, * * * *, and finally * * * * * *. Microscopic examination of the * * * * present. There are two somewhat similar * of in * *. The first was that of a *, *, * * *' suppression of the *, * the flow from a vesicular * * *. The other case was quite peculiar, * * * *, * * from time to time through *, * of a * *, * on the breasts, *, *, * *. * records a case * * *, in which the * * the character * *. * * * instance of *, in which the ordinary * * replaced by *.
* * of a woman who, * * * *, suffered from * *, * * * on the right * *, at the age of six years, issued a * * * *. One day, while in *, * * * *. * * at the age *, and was * * in her *; * * * * * * *. * * * * * * first pregnancy, * * * *, when the * were a few days in *, * * * * from the *, *, *. As in the case * * *, * was found by microscopic examination to consist of * constituents of blood. An additional element of * this case was the occurrence of occasional * *.
* from the * in close * with the * *, we would * expect to find the * involved in cases of anomalous *, and the * * * * * in the abundance of * on record. * * instances of * * nipple; and *, * *, *, *, * *, * * are some of the * who have * * *. * * the wife * * *, an iron *, * * * * * from the breasts * * * * * necessary to receive the * * the history of a case in which the * was associated with a similar * * *, * * * an example associated with hemorrhage * *. In the * *) is an instance of * * beneath the left *. * * * * * of mammary * * *. * * case in St. * *, *, in which the * * * from the nipple and stomach. * * * there was * the case of a healthy * * * * * *, * * * * two years *, but who * * * * * from the nipples, the hemorrhage * * as to require * change of *. * * * and painful, and the accompanying * * * * *. * * * instance of * discharge from beneath the left *. * * * * by both *. * * in a * * *, * * * *; * * * a case in which there * * * by the * at the age *. * details in full the description of a case * * from an ulcer on the right * * * * *. At the time he was called to see * * * * * was called *" * * * * * * *. The right * * * *, *, the nipple prominent, and * * larger and more * than usual. * stated that the right * * * * * * left. The * * large and well *, * * * * *, * under the nipple, there was an * slightly elevated * * * * * base, and having an opening in its center * *, covered with a thin *. By removing * * * * at the base of the ulcer, drops of * * were made to *. * *, * * * to the *. * * * * * enlarged and congested, * * * * * * * inflamed and painful, the veins * * *, and there was a free discharge of * *. When the * general health * * * * *, * * * * *, and the ulcer * * *. * * * * enlarged, the ulcer * * * *, * in this manner for a few * all the accompanying * symptoms, and then * *. It was stated that the ulcer was the result of * * * * * to take an egg from a *, when the point of a * * in her breast and *. The ulcer * formed, and ultimately * * * *. * * * at the time of * of the menstrual *. The accompanying *, *, show the breast in the ordinary state and at the time of * *.
* * * instance of * from the left breast in a large, otherwise healthy, * * *, * and a half years after the birth of the youngest * * years old) * to have a discharge of fluid from * * * days before the time of the regular *. * * * from the nipple it became changed in * from a * to a bloody and to a yellowish *, * * terminating at the beginning of * flow from the uterus, * * again at the breast at * of the flow, and then * two or three * * pain of a * * occurred in the breast at *. The patient first discovered * * * * * of blood upon the * * * in the * * * traced to the breast. From an examination * that a * * * during the birth * * * had given rise to *, and for a year * * suffered from severe *, for which * * *. At this time the * * *, * * the discharge of bloody fluid from the *, * * *. The right * * * *. A remarkable feature of the case was that * of fluid * from the left * * *. * * means of * * on this subject it may be * the patient was * *, and during the * * * * she had more than the ordinary amount of *, * * from the breast *. * time the breasts had been quite normal, except for * manifested in the left * under the conditions *.
Cases of * through the eyes are frequently * by the older *. *, *, * * * * * from the eye. * * an example of * in a young * *, * * * * * * discharge of the foot. * * * in a case of a * * *, * * * * three years old. * * * *, * * * * * *, * from one to six days. At the cessation of the *, * * had a * *, and on *, when this was *, * suffered a sudden * the anterior * of the eye. The discharge * * * * on this *. * * * an example * into the vitreous * in a case of * hemorrhage has been noticed as a manifestation * * by several * *. * examples of retinal * * * * * * * says that he has seen a young * * who had a small * of blood into the * of the eye at the menstrual period, which became * * intervals of *. * relates the * a case of * * * * * opacity of the cornea. * * of a * * * * * * from the eyes, * *.
Relative to * from the ear, *, *, * * * examples. In * case the discharge * of as * *, which makes it quite possible that * a case of * disease associated with some *, and not one of true * * case was * * suppression of the *. * * instance in a woman * *, in whom * * * * several months. * * of the head and bleeding (largely from the ears), * * *, being preceded by *; but the patient * made a good *. *, * * * examples of this *. * * instance of * from the right ear * *, following a *.
Hemorrhage from the mouth of a * nature has been frequently observed associated with * *. *, *, * * * instances. The * * was that of an infant, and the case * * was associated with hemorrhages from the *, *, * *. * * * * a case in which there was recession of the gingival * * processes, the consequence of *. * * instance of * from the *, and there is on * description of a woman, * *, who had * the throat * *; later the * to be *, * four years *, * * * * *, * * ceased, and * * * * and hemoptysis. * * * woman who * from the mouth; at the * * were found in the *. * * of a * * * at the epoch * *.
Descriptions of * from the extremities are quite *. * * an example from the foot; * * skin of the hand; * from the knee; * * *; * * from the left *; * * * from the hand; and the * * * from the ankle.
* * of a very peculiar case of edema of the arm alternating with the menstrual *. * * * from the groin associated with hemorrhage from * * *. * * an example of hemorrhage * *, * *. * * the history * cases from the top of the head, and * * * *, one of which was associated with * the hand.
A peculiar * * * * * * * *, *, * *, and many examples are on record, * of which will be described. * * an excellent * * at an *, * * * he has * bleeding from the * of a * *. * * is an account of a case in the * * * *; the scar * * * and a * * *; but by placing a * about the wound, * it so that * * * could be easily detected, * * *, * * * * *. * would likely be the result * investigation of most cases of "bleeding *" * * to the * * * * *.
* * a report describing a young * * * * * with the * * of her *. The wound *, * * * * * the day preceding the *. * * of a * ulcer of the face, * two of the head. *, * * *, * * * * hemorrhage from * * * of the lips * * * *; the hemorrhage * * and could not *. At the advent of each menstrual period the lips * congested, and the * * * * *.
* * an interesting account of a sequel to an operation for * disease. Following the *, there was *, * * every month, at which time * part of the wound *, and blood * * * * days of the *. * * * by an example, the discharge * * *, * * * * instance in which * * was performed by a * *. * * * * *" * * * of the skin from a burn, with the * * * * from the * of the injury.
There are cases on record in which the * occurs by the rectum or the urinary tract. * * * by a case * * * * * * * of the * *. * * of a case of * by the rectum. * * he has seen a case * by the * vessels, and instances of * * * * * in this manner are *. * * * instance of * * *, * * * of a pregnant woman who had * flow by the urinary tract. * * * * the case of a woman * *, * * * * *; * * a period she had * from the urinary tract, which * after the * * * *. The coexistence of a * * * * may have been responsible for this hemorrhage, and * reports of * * * * * given to the existence of any other than * * we can accept the cases as true * * * * instance of a * without a *, * * * from the vagina. * * * history of a case of uterine *, with the flow * * of the cervix. There is * * * * from the labia.
The occurrence of * after removal of the uterus or ovaries is frequently *. *, *, *, * * and Foreign * * * * * * * place with * * * * * * * like the preceding * * *. * * hysterectomy and * * attributed to the * removal of the organs *, * * postmortem examination of some cases * of the functional organs in question has been found.
* is a means of anomalous *, and several * are recorded. * * * * this with *. Instances of * * * and hemoptysis are so common that * would be *. There is recorded * * * * from the region of the sternum, * * * anomalies of * must be mentioned * * * seen in a woman, who, at the menstrual * hemoptysis and oozing of blood from the lips * * there was a substitution of a great swelling of *, * * * * very difficult * * * *. * * * showing the * * discoloration of the lips.
Instances of * *, the flow * * from the ordinary passage to the breasts * *, are found * * *. * * of a woman * * * * * before the establishment of *. Cases of * * and many * * * * * *.
* * contains an instance of the simulation of * * death, and * * * * through a long *. Instances of black * * be found, described in full, in the *, * * * *, and in some of the later *; it is * an excess of iron, * for some * * cause such an alteration in the color of the menstrual *.
Suppression of * is brought about in many * ways, and sometimes by the slightest of causes, * * * * * as to * *. * * * * * of such * as contact with *, * sight of a * or mouse, * sight of *. * stroke and * * have been reported *. Many of the older * * * subjects are * * instances, and modern * are constantly *.
* * * * of blood in man, * what is called * *" * * * and are particularly interesting * * is from the penis or *, * * * to the female function of *. The older * * such instances, and * says that in * * * * * * * * the penis * * on the * as a * * * a case in a *; * * *; * *, *, *, *, *, *, * * * * *. * * * in a man. * * * * * *, *, since the age of * years and *, had had * manifestations of *. * * accompanied by * in the back and * * *, and a * discharge from *, * * in color, *, *, * *. * * that while * a course * * at the * * * * * * of a young * * * the normal * organs, but in whom the * * * * * performed. The cause *, and the * victim was the subject of *, and was * * *. He had * three years in this manner: a fluid * from the * of the deep * behind the * *; * * of the same * as the menstrual *. * * from one to two *, and the discharge * * * * days. At this time the student * * * *, of a lymphatic *, not particularly *, * * the victim of any venereal disease. The author * * of the * of this man, * * *, unknown or *.
* * in the * simulation of * by the male assumes a * * as well as * *. * *, * * *, * * * a man who once a month * great quantities of blood * right flank. * * a case of a * in the *. *, who was * by a * in the body and * had a * discharge from the urethra. * * * to the * in this case * * if the * were exposed to *, *, *, * * the ordinary symptoms of * *. * * of a man * * years old, * been the subject of a * * * *, * after his * sexual intercourse. He would * of the premenstrual *, * * * * appearance of the flow, * * when the *. He was of an * * nature, and * * up to sexual *. The flow * * * * *, * on the second, and * on the *, *, * * * * *.
Cases of * during pregnancy and * are not rare. It is not uncommon to find *, *, * *. * * * * * solely on the regular occurrence of the *, * more than he would make the diagnosis of * the fact of the suppression of *. * * * * * * * * * * * * * a similar case. The child was born * *. * * * * instance of * * * during pregnancy in a woman *, who had never been *; the child was born *. * * of a case in which * * the third month of pregnancy, * * *. * describing the birth of a * *, * * * * during the * *. * a peculiar case in which * * * * four months of pregnancy.
There are some cases on record of * after the menopause, as, for instance, that of *, of a woman who * birth to nine * up to *, * * * * only slightly * *, * * *. A year and a half * * * * * * * *. Other cases, somewhat similar, will be * the discussion of late *.
* * is seen from birth to nine * ten years. Of course, * before the third or fourth * * rare, most of the cases * * this age * * * * from the genitals, * *, and not true *. However, there * * cases of infantile * on record, * generally associated with * development in * as well. * says that the source of * is the lining membrane of the uterus; but * it as due to * of the umbilical cord * * in the pulmonary vessels is * * the consideration of this subject, we must * in mind * * * * * on the time of the * *. In the * *, * * * at an earlier age than their * of the * reports from * * early puberty of the * * *. * * * * * the age * * * * *, *, on the contrary, * * the fact that * does not appear in * * until the age of *, and then is *, and is only present in the * *.
Cases of * * within a few days after birth and exhibiting * * * * * * * * *, *, *, *, *, and the * * *. * * * * instance of * on the sixth *, * * * days, in which six or * * * * *. * * * instance in * in an infant * * of five days, which was associated with a * of the genital organs and *. * * * * at the first *; * * * * * * *; * at the third month. *, a young * belonging to * * * * *, began to * after birth, and at the first year * regular in *. At birth * * * well developed and her * * covered with hair. At the age of * * * * * * * tall, and her * * * those of a * of thirteen. * * * * *; * * * were not known. * * instance of a child two years and * * * *, * exception of three * *, * * * the fourth *. * * of a child, the youngest * *, who had a * * at the age of five * * * days and * every month until the * * at the tenth *. At the eleventh * * * * * until death, occasioned by * * * *. * * showed a * *, the lips of which were *; the left * * * size of the right, * * * * * and the * * * cite instances * at the fourth *. A case is on record of * * * at the age of six months, and * * on the * * *. *, Wall, and * * descriptions of cases at the ninth *. * * a case at the * *, * * * * * * *. Another case is that of a child, * *, * * and external genitals * * * the child had shown * * *, and did not * * of the same age in intellectual development. * * * formed and of * * * * * *, * * *, * *, * * * * at the * and had * * up to the time of reporting. * age of three years and six months * * * *, * in weight, and her * at the hip * *. * * broad and well shaped, and * * * anterior surface of the * process of one * * * the other, being a little more than the standard * *, and, in consequence of this * *, * * *. * * and labia * all the appearance * puberty, and the * * * * * *. * * * * * in her *, * * * *. A case * * the patient had the appearance of a little * *, * * of three * * were as well developed as in * * *, * * sexual organs * those of a * *. She had * * since the age of *. * describes a child * began to * * * of age and continued * *. At the age * * * was still *, * * * * *. * * *. *, * * *, * she had * on the * *. * * * * an infant * * * at the early age * months and had * * for over two years. * the features and development of a child ten or * *. The external * and the vulva in all its * * *, and the * * * covered with a full * *. * * *, *, * *, *, and several * a report * * occurring at three years of age. * * * * * who was born with the * well formed and * * on the * * as a * of thirteen * * * at three and continued to do so *, * * four days and being *. At the age of * and five * * * * *; * * *, * * *, the hair *, * *, * * the size of a large *, * * she would be able to * * at the age of * * a case at five, and * *, a doctor *, * seen a * of six years who * * * from the nose, *, * *, *, which, with the association of * * * * * *, * * to suspect *. * *, * * * * * * * *. * * * * * * at five, *, * * years; and * * * * * at ten years and five *. * was in * grade of *, * with a * * * * *, and was * * * *, *, and of low * character, as * by her *. * * * years to the ordinary * *, many cases are recorded.
Instances of * * are, as a rule, *, the individuals * * cognizant of the nature of *, * * * * * * to the nature and * of the discharge * * * * * past the *. * * on this subject have been gathered by men of *. * * * * * *.
* years of age, * years of age, * * * * * examination of cases of * women. The last * were found to be in women * * class of *.
* has made the following collection of statistics of a somewhat similar *.
* *. * * Male. Female. *. *. * * * *- *- *- *- * * seem to have been made with the idea * * * rather than to give the * of these functions. * * * * * * * show no cases of * * * *, * * * * * *; however, in * literature for such a * * * in mind that the more * * * more likely it is that it would be * of, as the * of medical * is to * the important * * * * *. * * * * * * *, and others * * * *. * * of a case * *; * *, * *, *, * *; *, * * * *; *, * * *; *, * * * * *; *, *; *, * *; *, *; *, * *; *, at one * * of all is * case, in which * * at one hundred and six years. In the * * * *, * reported cases at * * years. In * System of * * * occurring at *, *, * * * was a woman * * * * * * * to ninety *. * * * * * * *, * * * * one of a * * * from her * year to the * * death at *.
* * * describes a woman who * * * *, * remained in good health up to *, * attacks of * *, and at this late age * with abdominal *, followed by *, * for three years; the * * the next year. * * * all the * characters of the *. * * * *, * *, * * *, * * *, and at * *, and was * for four years, but had had no *. On the return of her *, * * * * * *, * * a vigorous * * * * * difficulty in * *. * * * * * * speak of * * *, * * years of age, * *.
* describes a woman * *, who on * * * * with uterine * * a few days and * * *. * * * * * * again, and * * on the 25th, * four days. Up to * of the report, one year after, * * * *. There is an * on record of a female * * * * during the period * * to her * year, the discharge, * * *. * * * instance of a woman * who had had no * * * *, but who * again the year * * *. Her mother * * similarly affected at the age of *, in the * attributable to * over the death of a *, in the * * *. * seemed to be a peculiar *. * * * says that the * * at the very advanced age of one * * * * * after a severe illness, and * new set of teeth and a new growth of hair.
* Establishment of * some cases * * * until late in life, * the same * * *. * relates the history of a * had been * many years, and * * * * * * * *. * was a * at the * had never been *. Up to the time of her *, * occasioned by a * *, in her * * had the usual * * * followed by the *. * * of a * of a * * for the first time at the age of *. * * * place at the age of *, before any * * * *, and from this time all * * * * was either * * *. * * * * years old, and ever since the * had shown * with great *. She had * * * *, fourth, and * *, * * * *. * * * a case in * did not * until the * *, * * * * to the * *. * * * of a woman, * *, who had *; * * years old she had * * * at this time * *, and at * * *. At the time of report, four years after, * free from pain and *, and her * * * *. She had been * * * * * of age. A somewhat similar case is * * * * * * children who had never had * * * are two instances of delayed * *: *, a woman * *, well formed, *, of good *, and with all the signs of * * * had never *; the second, a * * *, * throughout a healthy * * * *. * * is known to the authors of a woman * who has never *, * she is of * and development. She has been * many years *.
The medical literature relative to * * is full of * *. *, many of the * be beyond *, but when * * * * * * * we must accept the * * *, even if we * the statements of some * *. No less a medical * than the * * * * that on one occasion * * * * *, seven years old, * * * * * * he was * she could * * birth to a child; * case of the * * three and a half years old, * * of normal *, more than * *. * examples of * * * * are on record in abundance, and nearly every * * * * * cases of infantile *.
The ordinary period of female * * * * when compared with the lower animals of the same size, * viewed with cases of animal * on record. * of a * * * * which was * * * *, and at the usual period of gestation * * * * * * *, to which it * * * * both the mother and * grew up *. Compared with *, * by women of * is not *.
The earliest case of conception that has come to the *' * is a * in one of the last * * * * * * * *; but a careful search * * * failed to confirm this statement, and, for *, we must accept the statement * * * * available for *.
* * * instance of * pregnancy in a child * *. It was probably the same case * * * * * to the * *: * *, born in *, * *, * * on the * at birth, * * four, and at the age of * * * * * * *, who was sentenced to five * * *. The pregnancy * * * of a mole containing a * * * case in was in a child who had * * * * * * * when she * * * years and * *. She had all the appearance and development of a * *. * * an example of conception * *. * of a child * * early and continued up to * * *. * was a hard * and did * * *. * * * did not * * *, from first to the last. The child was a large * *, * * died in *. * * * * * *. The young * at the * * was only * years and * * *, * must have been * before the age of * * * * instance of birth in a * * *. * describes a case of a child * * * * * * *, * * to an advanced age. * * in a * * *, and as far * * * * * has become a * * * *. * * *, contains the report of the case of *, * *, * born to a * * * *.
* * * * instance of delivery in a * a little over ten years of age. There are instances of * * * * * *, *, *, * * reports from *, *, the history of what * the case of the youngest * * * * * born in * *, * and, on * was delivered of a * * * *. * had not the development of a woman, * * * * * * * year. The * * * *, and, two * *, * * * arise and * and would have done so * * * * were no * of the * * secretion of * baby was * through its * * (as it * a week) by its *, who had a child only a * *. The parents of this * * *, * * people, and there was no doubt * * *. * is now well and plays * with the * as if * had happened." * refers to a *, * * at ten years, one in * * * * *, * months, and * days, and one * * * years and three months. The first case * of infantile *, the other belonging to a much *, the menstrual * having been established but a * prior to *. All these * * *, * *, and the general * * *, * * *. It has been * * * * cases of pregnancy that one was the daughter of * *, * born in an *, and the other * * * in a house * *. The only * * statement is the greater amount of * * * * sexual intercourse to which they were * * * * more favorable * * be recognized as such.
* instance in the Journal * * * * which is but such a * as is found all * * * * * *" as it were. * a case of * in a * * *, * * several years, and others who had become * *, *, * * * *. *, * * * * *, * a child who had * * * * * *, and gave birth to a child * * when she was only ten years and * * * the time of delivery * * * * * * * *. *, who is also * * * the history of * *, * * * * * *, and was delivered of a *, * * * pounds. She had * once or * *, * * * during gestation, and had * * * * *. To complete the story, * of this * was a boy * *. One of the * * * * * * * * * of a * * *, * * * by a * who was not *. * says that he * * * * *, * * * *, who was *.
* relates the * of the case of a white * * began to * * * years and four months, and who * to an *- * * * * * * * * years and nine months *. She had an abundance * * * the child; * * * of about * *, * * * *. * * * of a *, born in * began to * * * * * months, and gave birth to a female * * * *, * * a second * * * years and * *. * * father was a white * * *.
The following are some * *: * at ten, * *, * *, * *. * * * * at ten and others * * * *; * *, *, * * upon the fetus of a * * * * * account of a * * years old, * * to a * * * * * *' *. * * * *, but the child * * * * * nursing. The lad who * * * years old. * * * * * * in a * * *. Both the mother and child *.
* * * describes a *, working in a * *, who was a * * *; * * * * * *; * in a *, * * * six months; *, * *; *, * *; *, * *, * months, and * *; *, * * * nine months; *, * * *; *, * *; *, * * years and * *, * * *; *, at the age of * * * *; another case, * * years and six * *, * *.
* * article in the * * * * *, *.
"The appearance of * is held by the great majority of * * * to be * * * * *, * * * * it is considered * * * * * * until this function is * * is that * * * at the age of * * years, but it is understood * * * * of the * * delayed until after the * *. There is, however, too much reason to * the earlier * is very *, * * * * resort to sexual intercourse * * * has occurred: it may be * as true * * is largely * under the * * in this country.
"From this practice it results that * * * at the earliest possible period of their lives. A native * * that in about per cent of * * * * * * * * * * years of age. * * caused by the first act of sexual intercourse are by * rare. They are * *, * ever and * * to light. *. * * * cases of this * the last edition of his * of Medical * *' * *. * * in the * * by the * * of the * * * * *.
* must come from * and effort, as in every other case, but meantime the strong arm of the law should be put * the protection of female children from the degradation * * * * sexual intercourse. This can easily * * raising the age of * *, which is * at the * limit of ten years. * * * * * * before the * age of * * if the * * *' * raised to that limit, * * interfere with the * * * * * * * *.
* * * * * to the * * * * * *, and during the Revolution * * *, * *. * * of a legal case in which a * years old, * * * of a living * * * * *. * * of a * * * * * years and nine months, and was delivered * *, * * before the * *; * * * *, and the mother made a * *. * thought to have had * of the abdomen," as the * * * * of about the same age who was * * * father of the child was a boy * * years of age.
* to relate, there are on record * cases of twins * born to a child *. * * a case of twins * * of thirteen; *, * *; * * * * of a young *, * * blood, at *, * * to a child * * * * and to * * * *.
In the older *, the following authors have reported cases of pregnancy before the appearance of *: *, *, * * of the kidney, *, *, *, *, *, * * *.
In some cases * * seems to be hereditary, * transmitted from mother to daughter, * about an * state of *, in which a * is a * the ordinary age of *. * says that he * * *, * "pretty good" *, * instance of * * * became a * * * *. * * record a young * * *. * of a *, * *, * * birth to * * * began to * at ten years * months and at * * *; hence the * * * * * years and nine months. She had * * * * * *, * began to * * years and six months, * * the inheritance of *, * * us at * * * * * * she may be if she lives to an advanced age. * case of this nature is that of *. *, * * * and who had a daughter * months after. * * * and in *, * birth to * *. * * *, * *, * at the birth. This case was *, as the * * *.
* in the old seems to have * * as much attention among the older * * *. * * *, of the family of *, * * * * * *, * * * *; * *, a physician * * * in a pregnancy in a woman * *, * * *" * records the history of the case of * * * * * children when past the age *. Among the older reports are those of * of a * * a child * * *; *, one at *, one at *; *, one at *; *, * * *; *, * * years; and, almost *, * * * * * * place at the * age of one hundred and three. * * of a * * * * * * children when past the age *. We would * expect to find the age of * in the northern countries where the age of * *. * * an example of * in a woman *; *, cases at *, *, * *, * *; * * * *, in a woman * * * years. There was a woman * *, * at the age of *; one at * *; and one in * * *. * * of a * * years and five * * who was delivered * * * *, * * *, * it on her *. She had been a * for twenty years, and had * * * ten years before. In St. * *, * *, is a * * * * * * * * of a woman * years old. * the case of a woman * *, who was delivered * * * by means of the forceps, and a year after * * * * * *. She had no * * * at the time and no signs of secretion. * * had been * * *, five years after * of her *, and her husband was a young * * years old.
* * * * * * years, and the * *, *, *: *. *. * was in * * * * * years, on * * *, * * to a fine *. The father of the child is * old, and the mother and child are doing *" * * died in Great * * *. * * * * age of one hundred and *, leaving a daughter of *.
* * a woman * years old * * after delivery of a child. A most * case is that of a * years old, a native * *. She had been in the * * freely in *, and, during the last six months, * *. After an unusually * * * * unable to * *; * * down by the * * she could *, and was * found by a young man who * and who proposed * * *. By the time * * * * * well advanced, * * * * to stop *; * * more than *, * * * * * * *, and the result of his * was an * * *.
* * in the aged have been reported from * *. * * * a rather * account of a * * years of age * * birth to *, * total number of children *, *, * *, * * the birth of twins in women beyond the * of the menopause, and there is a case * of a woman * who was delivered of twins.
* * completion of the * act by * of some *, such as occlusion of the vagina or * * * *, *, has been a subject * in the works of medical * of all ages; * of conception * entrance of the penis are found * * medical literature, and may have * * *. There is little doubt * * * * deposited on the genitalia * to the * of fertilization, as their power of * * of life have been well *. * * instance in which * was found * from the os * * * days after the last intercourse; and * examination of this * revealed the presence * as well as * *. We have * * * * * *, the semen * * * * * * * by a fistulous *.
*, the surgeon of the * *, * of a * * *, who was * before the * * * * on the * of her husband of her inability to * completion of the * *. * * that he * * * attempts to enter *, and in * * * *. * examination by the surgeons * * to have a dense membrane, of a fibrous *, * the vagina, which they *. * * * * * * and the usual * *, and was delivered in four months of a * * results of an * occasioned by one of * attempts at *. Such instances are numerous * older literature, and a mere * of a few * * *. *, *, * *, *, * of the follicles that bear his name, *, *, *, *, *, * *, *, * * of the circulation of the blood, *, *, *, *, *, * * * cases of conception * * *, and in which * * entrance of the penis. * has an example of * after the birth of a * * * old, and there * a case of tubal pregnancy in which the * * *.
* * * account of a case of pregnancy in an * woman, who * * an attempt at * and yet * * and gave birth to * * * *. * * was not *, * * could not have preceded the birth * * *. *, * * * * * * after the * *. * of St. * * * * of conception, in which there * closure of the vagina, * *, * at term. * made the * * * * * * * regard to a * of her *, * * * *.
* * of a woman * *, who had been * * months, and * * * * * * *; * * * and had a normal *, despite the fact that, * to a tough and * *, she had an * *. * * * * the history * cases of labor at term in females * * * *. *. * * * seen a case of * * had to be torn * * *; yet one * * *, even with this * * *, * *. * * of a woman who * * * * * *. She had been in the * * * by the urethra, and all * * * this practice.
* * of a * * * * * * it was impossible to pass the tip of the first * * account of * * membrane in the orifice, but who * * * *, to a child at full term, the * * being a few * * to permit * of the head. * * * * * * * an imperforate * *, who had * * * * and not * * *. * * * * to term, and required * * *. * at the point of usual location of the os, and one of * * followed by the flow of * *, and the * upon the artificial *, the diameter of which * * one and a half or two *; the birth * *, the child * * *.
* * * instance in which the opening * * * *; yet the patient reached the third month of pregnancy, * * * * * in a manner that could not *. * gives a case of conception in an *, * * relates the history of a case of pregnancy * * *, characterized by an extraordinary * * *. Among many, the following * * * * instances of pregnancy with * *: *, *; *, *, *, *, *; *, *, * *. * Instances in which the presence of an * * * * * * * * are quite common, and * membrane is * * * means the * * * *. Among others * cases of * * *, *, *, * *, *, *, *, *, *, * *. * There are many cases of stricture or complete occlusion of the vagina, congenital or acquired * * * delivery, and in some * * * * * cases in which the obstruction is only a * *. Often the obstruction is so dense as to * * * to divide it, and even that is not *, and the * * only can * * *; we cannot * * * * * *. * records a case of pregnancy * with congenital * of the vagina. * the successful practice of a * * * * of congenital occlusion of the vagina forming a * to delivery. * * * * * vagina in which * * was divided * * * through the rectum and anus. * * observation of complete occlusion of the vagina in a * * * * children and * for the fifth *, * * to relate, it is possible for a woman * * * of a living child and yet preserve all * * * *. * describes a woman * who was delivered without the rupture of the * * * on a similar case. We can readily see that, in * like that of *, in which * * * * * could be left intact and the product of conception * *.
A natural sequence to the subject of * * * is that of artificial *. From being a * * * *, it has been demonstrated as a * * method in those cases in which, by * * * * * on either the male or * side, the * * *. There are many * occurring in which the birth of an * is a * * in a * life. The * * * * * *, * * * efforts to bear a * the subject of public * * *, is but an * a fact that is occurring every day, and * * * * could be * by the * of some of * *.
There have been * from the beginning of the century of women * * in a *, * contact with * *, etc., and some authorities in medical * * the possibility of such an *. It is not in * of this work to speculate on what may be, but to * *, from which the reader may * * *. Fertilization of plants has been thought to have * in the * times, and there are some who believe * * * * must have * * * to it. The first * * that we have * * is that of *, who in * it without * by the * of the eggs *. *, * *, * an attempt in * *; and to *, * * * * of success. In
1780, * *, * up the success of * * * *, * * * * * *, * resembling the male. The * * * a man * * * to impregnate * * * injections of * in water with an *, and, in * of the simplicity of this method, * * followed by a successful *. Since this * * * * * * * the simple *; * *, * *, * * *, *, *, *, *, *, *, and others have used the more * * * *.
* *, * * the uterus of a *, * succeeded in * *. Those who are * * * * this subject, as regards * * *, *, * * *; * * reports in full *. One case was that of a woman, * * * *, *, * * not having * * * injections of * in water * *, and finally succeeded in * *, * * of a living *. Another case was that of a * *, who had an extra * * *, * for the absence of pregnancy. * * * *, and was finally * of a child. * * * * of a * * *, * * * * * * * wife, and had * * * * with a favorable *. This latter case * * when we consider that * * * * * have become *. * gives the instance of * * he had known for some time, * * a little below the *, as in other persons, * * * quite prominently * *, * in the forward * *. Despite the * this man could not perform the * *, * * father of three *, two of them * * *.
The fundamental condition of * being the * of a * and an ovum, the object of artificial * to further * * by introducing * directly to * of the uterus. The operation is quite simple and *: * *, having been found * *, * * * with his *, using a *. * * * * up by an * * which has * * and kept *. The os * is now * * off with some * which has been * * * *; introduced to the fundus of the uterus, * drops of the fluid * * into the uterus. * is then kept in bed on her *. This operation is * * * before or immediately after the *, and if not * at the first * * * for several months. At the present * * * * is extensively used with *. * *} The following * * * * *, * from the * * Weekly by *, is given in *, * because it * * * *, but as a * example from the * * in medicine.
*. *. * * *, *, * * * during the late * *, as follows: A * and her * *, * * * *, filled with the * *, * ready to * to the wounds of * in their * * near the scene of the * *, * between a portion of * * * *. During the * * * * * * of the * * * fell to the earth; * * time a * * * * in the house * * of the * * showed that a * * through the scrotum and carried away the left * * * * * penetrated the left side of * of the * * *, * between the umbilicus * * * * process of the *, * * lost in the abdomen. * * * an attack *, * * in two months under the *.
* to relate, * two hundred and * days after the * of the *, * was delivered * * *, * *, to the surprise of * * * of her parents and *. * * * * the young * * * on her * *. About three weeks after this remarkable * * was called to see the infant, and the * * there was something wrong with the * * showed a *, swollen, and * * * * *. * *, and extracted * * * *. The doctor, * *, * in this manner: * concluded that this * * * that had carried away the testicle of his *, that had penetrated the ovary of the young *, * * * * it, had * *. * * * * the young man and * * *; * * * * at first, * to visit the young *; * * * * * into a happy *, and the * * *, * *, in the same * as the first, * * *.
* as are all the anomalies of conception, * * * than those of * *; * * cases can be mentioned. Instances of * *, with subsequent * as a result, * * in the last * * *, *, *. Reports by modern * seem to be quite * there are several cases on record of * *, followed by *. * * * * of a woman who was * * lethargy, and * * *, though her condition was * until the fourth *, the peculiar * * * of the true nature of the * * * been thought *.
There is a record of a case of a young * of great * * * * * without the slightest knowledge of *; although, it might be *, such cases must be * * *" Cases of conception without the * desire or *, either from *, as in *, * * *, have been recorded; as well * * * and in a * *, * has recently * a much * * *. * * * * * of conception without the * * desire or * on the part of the female.
* with Deficient * * of conception with some * *, * with some * * deficiency of the functional, *, * * must be considered. It is a * fact that * * development of the uterus * * * liable to become *, and many such cases have *; but the most * cases are those in * has appeared after removal of some of the *.
* going to term with a successful * * follows the performance of * * * * * * instance of * with a * * * * *, * * at term of * *. * * of a * * *, * * * normal at term. * a case of successful * in a patient who * * * by a large *. * a case of twin * two years after * with abnormal development of one of the children. * of a case in which a woman * a child one year after * * *, * * of two * * * * in which the * as well as * * * *. * * a similar * * *. *, *, * *, * * * cases, and others are not at all rare. In * * shortly after *, it has been * they may be explained by the long retention of the ova * *, * * prior to *. In the presence * * one can * wonder if * * * * derived from another * * * be brought about in * of a * *.
* Soon After a * * sometimes follows birth (or *) * * * * * * for a period of their lives * * or with infants at their *. * * * alluded to, and is not confined to the lower *, * *, but is common even among the *. * *, we have examples in some of the * * * *. A peculiar * is given by * * * * * * * hours after *. * * case of a woman who was * with her first child, * * * and was * * of another * * She had become * * * *. * * * another case of a *. *, *, * * * *, * birth to a child * * * * a second * * * She must have * * days after the delivery of her first child.
* has been known for many *; * * * * * the laws of * in such cases, and * * * * *. * * * of it, the former at some *. * * of a * * * *, one resembling the master, the other * * * she had intercourse, and * the case as one *. * * instances, and *, * * * *. * seemed to be well * the possibility as well as the * * * * reports that a certain *, * * * * *, in order to hide * * came to * * * * * in by *, and being *, * * * of the same * * * * * * *, a product of *, * * * that she had * * * *.
* *, *, *, * * * *. In the * * *, * *, * 1702,
there was * the case of a woman who was delivered * *; in the placenta was discovered a sort of bladder * * to contain a female fetus of the age of from four to *; and in before the same *, there was * in which * * were born a day *, * * days and the other at full term. From the description, * not seem possible that either of these were * *. * * * account of a * * *, * who was delivered of a strong * *, and, six hours after, of a small *, * * * * full of * and the placenta as large and * * of three *. * * * description with * *. * *, * * * * * of a child * * *; * * * * * indicative of the existence * fetus, and after * months and * * * * of a remarkably * * * *.
* * of a case of * observed by * * * * After the birth of the first * * failed to flow, * * appeared in the breasts, * * * large. In about three weeks after * she had connection with her husband, and in a * * * *. A second * was born at * days after the first; and in both children *. A woman * * was delivered * * * * at term; she had connection with her husband * *; * * *, and the * did not * * *. About one and a half months after * * * again, and * * that she had * by the first intercourse * *; * * after the first * * was delivered * * at term, the result of a *. * * * its appearance, and * * * able to * * from the breasts. * * of a woman * * * * * * * and another * * in the same *. * * * * enough to * of the children. It might be * * comment on * that, according to a * *, * * died in
1755, and on * was found to have had a double *.
A peculiar instance of * was reported by * in which there was an * of a * between the third * *, * * some time, and * * a second *; an ovum of about four weeks and of * was found * near the fundus. * * * * * for the first time * * * months and some time * * a small * * * * * * * of about *' formation. There was no sign of a double uterus, and * * * during pregnancy, * * weeks before the *. * * * speak of * * * * never had * twins, and who * * of four *' *; * * * removal of the placenta, and on * the hand * * * an embryo of five * * * was found * * sac and floating in clear * *. The patient was * * * children, the youngest of which was * *.
* * of a woman who * * * * * * * *' *, but a tumor * remained in the * auscultation of which * evidence of a fetal * * revealed a dilatation of the os * * * * * and a fetal * * *; * * * of about six months of age was delivered. * * the case, but * *, * * *. * * * instance of a * a boy * * and a * * * 1835.
At birth the boy * *, * * * *, * the case, the * must have been either a * * * *' * *. * * * * * * * * * who was born * months after * *, and who * *.
The most * * * examples of * are those in which * of different *, * * * * same age, are born to the same * * * in the case of the * who was * first by * and a quarter of an hour later by an *, and gave * * * to a * and a *. * * * * * *, *, * of a white woman who * * *, * * * and the other *. * * * her husband * * * * * came to her * her to comply with his * * * * * * the case of a black woman who had *, * black and the other * *. * * * * with a white * immediately after * * * *. * * a similar *. * * * of a * * * *, * * * * * * *, while the other was a pretty * * * characters of the * *. * * * * types of the black * *. *, * * *, * * * * * with her husband she had * * * with a *. In this case each * * its own distinct * *.
* * * * and observations showing: "that a white *, * * with a white man and *, * *, one of which shall be white and the other *; and that, vice versa, a black *, * * * * and a white *, * * *, one of which * * * and the other * *" * * that he * to see a woman, the wife of an * * * * * * *, who had been * of a * *, about four months old, and having a cord of about * *. * * the placenta, and in about half an hour * was delivered of a * * * *. * * * *, like the mother and father, and the mother * possibility of its being a white * *; but this * * on her part, * * * * * * * that they would * * * * * the mother and the * * * are doing * * of a * * * * * *, * * and the other * *. She had * * * * * and a white *.
*, a surgeon * *, * of a woman * * who was delivered in the hospital of his * * * 1806,
of two *, * black and the other * *. She had * * months, and had had * with a * * * * month of pregnancy, * * with the * who first * *. * * * * * after the twins, and showed a membranous *. * * shortly after birth.
* often takes place in a * * * *, leading to * * *. *, *, * * * * accounts of this occurrence, and * * instance of * pregnancy in a double * describes a discharge of an anomalous * during pregnancy which was probably from * half of a double *.
* * *.
* *.
* * the consideration of prenatal *, the first to be discussed will be those * *. * * has been known * * as there has been any real knowledge of *. * * * *, during the eleventh *, * is discussed, and later the works of *. * *, about the * *, speak of it; in the * * the fetus was converted into a * * in the abdomen * *. * * * * relates the history of a woman who * the third time in *, and in * remains of * were still in the abdomen.
* *, in an extensive * * published in * * * drawn in situ in the case of a woman * * * *. * dedicated to this * *, * regarded as a *, the following * *, * to the classical * that after the flood the world * by the two *, * * *, * over the earth and * * * *, *, * the ground, * *. * * * *, * * read as follows: * * * * and thus * * * * from the *. * * it that *, by a reversal of things, * body of a little * * * * akin to * of the older * * this form of * * *, * * * * as to its cause. * * * discuss in full * pregnancy, and *, * * * it. From the beginning of * * this subject * * the attention * of medical *. In more modern times, * *, who named * * * * defined and classified the forms, and * * * * gives a scientific * * of the different forms of * *.
The site of the * is generally the wall of the uterus, the Fallopian tube, or the ovary, although there are instances * in the vagina, as for example when there is * * uterus; and again, * * to be only * * * * * * uterus, with * * *. * * of a woman * * * * * * years, had * * children, and * * * * * of about * *. After a week * * that she * * with another *, but as the physician had * * in the uterine cavity after the *, * * * * * * or that no * *. We can * how this condition might lead to a diagnosis of *, but as the patient * on a * * * found by the stethoscope the presence of a * heart, and by * examination a double *. * * * into the new * * discovered that * into another *; but as the * * * *, * * no further. * * * * * * a female * * * *. She had * * * * three times during the period between * of the twins and the birth of the child. * * and child * *.
In most cases there is rupture of the fetal * into the abdominal cavity or the uterus, and the fetus is * * location, from thence to be removed or carried * *; but there are instances in which the * * * in situ, as depicted in * A sturdy * * * executed on * for the * of her *. * * that she had * * * about the * the month, and thereafter * sexual intercourse with one * *. * * * Fallopian tubes * distended, and the left ovary, which * * *, * twice as large as the right. * * * case in a woman * * * for twenty * * * * as a *, and who *. At the third month of pregnancy a hard * was found, which was gradually increasing in size * to the left side of the *, * * of pregnancy, sense of pressure, *, *, *, * * severe. There was * * * * *, followed by * of the *, and death on the ninth day. The fetus * * in the peritoneal coat of the ovary until the *, when one of the feet passed through the cyst and * * *. Signs of acute * * *, the abdominal cavity * full of blood, and the * *.
* termination of * * varies; in some cases the fetus is extracted * * after rupture; in others * has been * * * * section; it may * *, or carried many years in the abdomen; or * * through the * *, enter the * *, and the remnants of the fetal * * *.
The curious * * * * *, * * * by the mouth, etc., are *, in many instances, * * pregnancies or dermoid cysts. * * * of such cases; *, *, and a * * * * remnants of fetuses. * *, * * *, * lived a woman who on three * is said to have * * *. The last * this manner * * * *' growth and was * * placenta. The older * thought this * * * * * to her *, one of which had some * the stomach, as they had records of the dissection of * in whom was found a * similar to this.
Discharge of the fetal bones or even the whole of an * * by the rectum is not uncommon. There are two early * in which the bones of a * * * * * * *. * describes an anomalous * * in a * patient who * * * * *. * * the spontaneous elimination of * * by the rectum * five years of *, * of the patient. * * of delivery through * at the fourth *, * *. * * * * after a * of about two months and *. * * the dissection of an * * * * with the large intestine. * has an * * * of an * * by the * recovery of the mother. *, in the early part of * *, * the discharge of the bones of a * * *" in the groin. Other cases of * of the product of * * * * *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, and many others. * * * * of the * * * * * * * seven years, and * * * * * the discharge of a * by the rectum; * * * of the rectum associated with * * the performance of *.
* * * speak of fetal * * * from the urinary *. *, in the * * 1717,
describes a * in which a human fetus was found * the bladder. In * * * instance of * of fetal * through the bladder.
Discharge of the Fetus through the Abdominal * * * * * * the bones of a * * * above the os *, and in * * * * * * * * *. * * * * a case in a * * * * * from an * * * about the * month of conception. * * the discharge of the * * from the walls of * are frequently *. * * of an * in which there was * perforation of * * *, followed by death. * * * case of ectopic gestation in which there * * of the fetus * * *, * * *. * * * * and the mother *. *, *, *, *, * * are among others reporting the * remnants of ectopic * through the *. * * the case of a * *, *, the mother * * *, most of whom *, * * for the tenth time, the gestation * up to the * *. She had * * * effusion and some blood into the vagina. * * * the abdominal * * * * in the umbilical region. A breach in the walls *, * * * * matter and all the bones of *. During this process the patient received no *, and frequently no assistance in * * * *, * had an * * * * *. * * * * * * * for the first * * *. * months after * * * * * and was delivered at full term of a living *; * * was born * months after the first, and the * after the second * * * * signs of * the close * nine months these symptoms, with the exception * suppression of *, *, and in this state * * six years. During the first four years * * in the region of the umbilicus. About the seventh * * * of the abdomen and thought * * again. The * * and an * of the * from the wound. * * enlarged the wound * * * under the jaw of the fetus, * * * * into the abdomen * * a black * * * * hand and extracted * * fetal skeleton and some * *. * * * up, and in * weeks the * * * * * * *; * * * * * * * *. *, * * *, * * * * * pregnancy in a * * * * to the foregoing, in which an * * * * * above the umbilicus and the remains of a * * through the *. The accompanying * the appearance of the arm in situ * extraction of * and the location of the wound.
* * * * instances of the delivery of an * * by the vagina; and * * * of the delivery of a living * * by the * recovery of the mother. * * of a * case in *, six months *, in which an * * * from the posterior * * * * * * * through the vagina, and two days later * in, and in two * * was delivered of a uterine * * * left behind and drainage established through *, and the * * complete recovery.
* * * * * * cases of combined pregnancy, in which one * products of conception * * and the other * gestation, have been recorded. * * * instances of * *, * * * * * the ordinary manner and the other * * * of a case in which there was * * both the uterus and the Fallopian tube. * * * of a woman * * * * * *, In the following * * * * * the rectum, and a month * * birth to an * of six *' *. * * the case of a * * * * * * *, and on * * * * * * bones by the rectum, and * months later * * from the uterus. From this * * * * strength and health. * * * of a woman * * who had * children, but * suddenly, and being * * *. In the right * was found a male * * * * *, * long, and of about * *' growth. The * * a male fetus of about three *' * * * * * * * * of a woman * *, who was * *, early in *, she had an attack of * *, shortly after which * * * * * * *. * * 1873,
after a * * * *, * * birth to a healthy * * in the uterus * a tumor to the left, * * to about * the former size. In *, * * * pain and tenderness in the tumor. * this to have been * a tubal pregnancy, *, * * hemorrhage and the death of the * with a limited *. * * seen a * pregnancy in which * * there was * * * weeks, and four years after delivery * * * through the abdominal *. * * * * * * * * * * * period of gestation, with resultant * * the case of a woman * *, * * * *, and on * * of a * * * * * *. The uterine * * *, and the * * * only with difficulty; there was *. The hemorrhage continued to occur at intervals of *, and an * * *. * * * * and life * * of. On the 15th * a portion of a * of five *' growth in * stage of * * from the vulva. * escape of this * * * * *, and in * * * * * * *. * * * * woman who at the time of her * * * * in the abdomen on her right side and felt motion in it. * a month * * with severe pain * * a week * *. * * *, and the * * * to a third *; * * noticed that the * * since the first birth, and she had a * * and a slight * * * weeks, and * motion in the tumor. This continued * * *, after a most * attack of pain, * * *, as she * *, * * the moment the child *. * lost its natural consistence and felt flabby and *. * was made through the * *, and the * * * with a hard, * *, three or four * * escape of several * of dark brown fluid followed *, and the * had to be discontinued * * * * *. * * * * a bone * the orifice, which the * extracted, and this was * by a mass of bones, hair, and * *. * * small, and * * less in quantity *, * * *, and the wound *. * * * good and the * * *.
*, *, *, *, *, * *, *, * * are among others * * * * * and intrauterine * * * * * *.
* * a triple * gestation, in which there was * pregnancy in the wall of the uterus and a third * * * end of the right *. Careful examination * * be a case of * * * at the point * of the tube and the uterus, while at the abdominal * the same * there was * * * * * * * * * *.
The instances of delivery of an * fetus, with viability of the child, from the abdomen of the mother * * from their * alone, but when coupled * of additional * * * * * * a work of this *. * * of an abdominal * * * *, and there is a similar * on record * early part of this century. The * Medical and *, in one of its early *, * * account of * * penetrating the walls of the bladder and * from the walls of the *; * * * * * * * this, both mother and fetus * says that in this case the *, * *, * * on the lower part of her body, in consequence of which * * * shortly after the *. It so * this case that the peritoneum * * *, * *, with the child *, * * way into the *. In his * * * was made and the fetus * *. * * an example of * gestation in * * *, who had * had normal *. * case an * was made and a * of about * * was found lying * in the abdominal cavity in the * the intestines. Both the mother and child * *. * * very rare *. *, in his * *, * * * * had only * * the accounts of * saved, and one of these was too * * * * * a case in which he * the child, * * * on the fourth *. * describes a case in * * on the third day. * * * * * there is one * pregnancy in * * * cases of twin *, one of which was * * *, * says that of in the third * * *, the mother died in * cases of * * a half * * *' *, *, and in * * fifth month there was an * * * *. * such cases at nine months, * * and 6
intrauterine * lived. In of these cases no * *. In one case the mother *, but both the uterine * * * lived. In another the mother * * died, and the * * *. * * * instance of a woman * of a healthy * * * * * *. * * * * *, but the * * * * of having * * * *, * by the vagina * *. * * * *, and from the fetal * and other * decided that there was * * *. * allowed the case to go * * * similar to those of labor occurred, and then * *. * * * * *, and a * * * * was extracted. *, * * * * hours, and in a month * * died from *, but the child * * *. * gives the case of a * *, * said that she had been * by a * had a large * in the abdomen, and could * * *. * * * * intercourse. It was * open the abdominal *; * * * followed by a * blood and a * came into *, which was extracted * * *. To the * of the * * * distended, and it was decided to open it, when * * * seen and extracted. The cyst and the uterus * of all * and the wound *. The mother * *, but the children * * and were doing * * after the *. * * case was seen in * * * * * * * * * * * third month, and this * * at the ninth * head of the fetus could be * through the abdomen; * was made through the *; a fully developed * was delivered, but, unfortunately, the mother * * *.
* * * * *: * *. * *. * *, * records the following, which he * an ideal case. The patient was * *, had had *, and had been * from the age of * * *. * * of that * she had nausea and vomiting; * * and 23d * * a fluid, which was * *. * * * *, on the * and 23d of * there was a similar loss. In * * was kept in * two days by abdominal pain, * * * *, * then associated with pain in * * *. * * * * when she * * *, * * * by several *, each of whom * * diagnosis and treatment. One of them, * * * *, made her take in all about an ounce of * * did not, however, produce any ill effect. When * * * * *. The left * * * * * *. The abdomen * like that of the sixth * *. The abdominal wall * *, smooth, and * *. * revealed a cystic * * * above the umbilicus and apparently * * *. The fetal parts could only be made * * * * palpation, but the * * * to the right of and below the umbilicus. By the right * this tumor one * * a small one, the size of a *, * * * * * *. * the groove * it and the large tumor *. * * showed that the cervix, * * * * and to the right and *, * * *, * continuous with the smaller * * was obtained in the large tumor. * * passed into the uterus for fear of setting up * * diagnosis of * * at about * and a * with a living * * * without requiring * * * * the uterus empty. The patient was * at rest in bed and the edema of the left * * *. * * 30th the fundus of the tumor was *. * * and the uterus cm.; the cervix was * * of a * at term. *, * *: * *, * cm. long. * * in abdominal * * *; seen to be very slight and filled * *, * greater than the * *. * * * one of these vessels *, and the hemorrhage * * * * attempting to * it, so great * * of the walls. The cyst * * * * the child * by the foot. * * * by pressure of the hands, then by * *. The walls of the cyst * * to the margins of * *, the edge of the placenta * included in *. * * * * * cm. in diameter, with * for its base; it was filled with * * *. * * * an hour, and the child, * * *, after a brief period of *, * * *. There was at first a * * and a * on the left upper * * * point of the left *, against which it had been * the cyst; * * *, and on the * * * * *. The maternal * was not * * *, when it was * * *, * * * * * * 25th and * *. * * up, and the patient * up on the * * * * * from the first * after its *.
* * * * * the question of the ultimate fate of ectopic * * *. He has * to obtain the record of cases. Of these, * * * after birth; within a month; * * six months *; * * months of diarrhea; * *, * *; * * months from * a total of deaths and * * * accounted for. Of these, * reported as living * * *, with no * *; * * * * * weeks, but there has been no * *; * * * six months, * was lost sight of; * * * * *; live and are well at one year; * * * at two years; * case) is well * seven years; and
1 * case) is well * * * * years. The * on pages * has been * * * * *. * * relative to cases in which * * * * * for advanced * * * *.
* Retention of * * time of the retention of an * * is sometimes * it is no * * for several * * * * such retention. * * examples of * * remaining in * * *; * * * * * years, the mother * * in the * * of a similar *; * *, * * years in the abdomen; *, a case of * * the abdomen, * * bearing in the meantime; *, * * years, and the *, another. In a woman *, * * * * * * * *. * * * *, * followed by * of a living *. * * * to be *, * * that the fetus was still in the abdomen, * * postmortem examination to be made after * * was done, and a large cyst containing an * * * in the left side of the cavity. In a woman * * * years old, having been * * * *, and three months later * * * * in her *. At the ninth * she had *, * * failed to present; the * *, * * * *, * with a negative result. She * into a most * * * so for * *, when the * *, but soon *. * ceased and the * * * * for thirty *. * * * * *, and on postmortem examination a tumor was * part of the * * * *. * * * * consisted of a male fetus * * * * *; it had no * and its * contained no * * * * * * *; the skin *, *, * * * *, *, * * * and the cord * *. * * the case * * * * * * in the * * * * * years. No trace of the placenta, *, * * could be found.
* * a paper * * gestation, with particular reference to tubal pregnancy, and * that when there * between the broad * hemorrhage is greatly * the resistance of the surrounding structures, * * from the primary rupture in this location. * * instance in which he * * * *, the result of an ectopic * * * * and had been retained nearly two years.
* * * account of a * * *, *, * six years. * * *, physician to * of the *, sent to the * * * * * * * that had been extracted from one of the * after a lodgment of thirteen *. * * * report of a case of a child * had been * out of *, * * * * * years, during * the mother had * * *. It was * * * * * * * on the right side and * * *, and in commenting on this * * that in * * * had three * and one * after the * * * lost its function. * * * * * * * * * years, the mother * * * * *. * * * * * * * in her * * * *, * * * was extracted. * * of a woman * * * * * * * * years, which was only * *. She had * * * * and had * a child * * * of a * * * * *, others for *, *, *, * *; *, * *; *, * *, * *; *, * years (in the *; *, * years, and * * * *.
* Retention of Uterine * of long * * * are on record and * * * as those that were *. * * * * * a child in an * condition in the * * *. * * of a case in which * * * many years in the uterus, * * * * *, * * form and *. * the case of a woman who * * * * * * * * *. * describes the retention of * in the uterus for * *; *, one for *, * * * *, * * *. * issued a paper on such a case under the title, * * * *" which may be found in *. * * * of a * * retained in the uterus for six years, and * * a similar *. * * the report of a woman * *, who had * *. * * * * * * * like that *, and after an illness suffered a constant * * the vagina * * *, * * * * * *. * * * * * * *, at the end of which time * * forced to *, * * symptoms of purulent *. At the * * * * adherent to the anterior wall of the abdomen * remnants of a * fetus with its numerous * is an * * of the death of a * * *, * retention and subsequent * * * * * in the abdominal wall one or two *.
* * the case of a woman who * * * * *, and which * normally for nine months, * * * at this time and the * *. *, * * a few * bones by the rectum, and *, * *. At the * the uterus was found * * remains of a fully developed *, * * * through a fistulous connection between * cavity and the rectum. In this case there * * of a fully developed * * * *. * the case of a woman who was * * *, * * * * *; * * * *, and after * the fetus was found in the womb, * * * five years. She had an early return of the *, * * * for four years. * * * * one of which the child * * * months in *; in the other, the mother was still * two years * months after *. Another case was in a woman *, who had * * *, * * * *, * *, in the uterus * *.
There are many * of the long continuation of fetal *, and during recent years, in the * *, * * a prevalence of this kind of *. * * * * of fetal * in the * of old * have been noticed by the lay journals, but * them to have been nothing more than an exceptional * the abdominal muscles, with the ability to simulate * * * * *. * * * * so far as to * * * to the music of a * * *. * * * * in the regions * *" We can readily * * * * * * when we recall the exact simulation of the fetal * * * *.
The extraordinary diversity of reports concerning the duration of pregnancy has made this a much * *. * * to the longest * * period of * * viability of the issue, have been * * on medical *. There is perhaps * * * * *. * are so * * * date of the occurrence of pregnancy, or in the date *, that in the remarkable cases we can hardly * * * * * * associated with other * * *, such as the appearance and stage * of the fetus, or * * * before or after the time *, etc. It will * * to cite the more * * instances of * of the time or duration of pregnancy * * * * *.
* * * of the possibility of a living * * four months; * relates the instance of *, who was said to have been born at the end of four and * months and * to complete * * year. In * of the * * *, * * * * that an infant of five * * * * * the ordinary period of *, *, *" which the law of * * * * of inheritance. In his * * * * of men who were born out of time. * * * births at five, *, *, * * *. * * * before the one hundred and * day; 1
of one hundred and * *; of one hundred and *; of one hundred and * *, * * months; and of one hundred and * * * * * *. * describes a * * * * place at four and a half *; * * * in its * * hours after delivery, and, * the membranes *, * that it was *. * *, * * succeeded in * it; for a few * * were performed *, but it * * *. * * * concerning the case of a * * * * * * after it was born, and in * * * * * * frequently to *. * * *, * * instance of a * of five *, * * *, * *, * * * * * *. * * * * * * had not descended, and the head * well covered *. * * of a woman who in was delivered * * on the one hundred and * *; * * * *; the first * * * * * *; the other * *, with the same length * *. * * of a *. *, * *, * * children and had had *, the last * as such. Her husband * *, and returned *, She did not * * her husband until the * * * *. The date of * was not observed, and the * * * During gestation * * * * a rat. The child * *, the testes *, * * * * *, dying of symptoms of *. * were poor, of excellent character, and * to the evidence, * * * * * and two days, there was * no reason to *.
* * of a child of five * who lived * hours; and he * * * born at the sixth * * * * who were * * * a year after. * * case of a female * born on the one * * day that * * and was * *. * * *, very little * on the head, * * *, and the skin * *; it did not *, and did not * * * * *. Three and * years after, the child * * * *, * * *. At the time of birth it was * up in * * * before the fire. * * of living * * five to six *' pregnancy, and * * of a *' * * * four days. The * * of living * *.
* describes a * of five * * with the birth of twins, one of whom * * minutes and * *. The first * * long, and * * *, and the other * * long, and * *. There is a recent instance of premature * * * * * five and a half and six months, the * *. * * after birth, through the * of the * * *. *, * * * * * * * *" for the *, * * 38
cm. long.
* * * with the * report of the case of a woman who * a child at the end of the fifth month * * * * *. It was first * * * * into its mouth; and at the age of * it was * * * *. * * a case * at the fifth month in which the fetus * * * * * * *. The head * * and the cranial bones * * *. * * the cord and * the fetus * *. * * * * * * arms and * * * * * to the other, * * mouth and trying to *. * in this * for an hour, the action of the heart * * minutes after the * *. * * * * it was * to have been *. * *. *, to whom it was shown, said that * not more than four months old, and this * * * *.
* before the * * * * reported the case of a * *, born in the * of pregnancy. That the child had not had six months * * * * *, the statement * * * the last menstrual period of the mother, the date of the * *, * * *, which was *, * *. * had had this infant * * * beginning and * * *. * * infants of six or seven * that had * * * few days, and had found the alveolar * * * cells, the lung * * placed in a vessel *. * reported a case of premature * * *, the child being not more than * and a half * * *. * * * * that it would not * * * it in a * * * * to the * * had been done, the child * * *, * * * * and was * next day to find it *. * * placed in a small, * * * * with a * * *; on the twelfth * it could take the breast, * time it * * *.
There is a case on record of a child * * six months and * days. The mother had a * at the beginning of
1877, after which * * *, * * * * * * * * birth to * *, which was * * * and kept * * *. * unable to *, it was * * * * *. It was * * at birth that the * * * over the foot * to the knee. * * * * * grams, and at the end of a week * taking the breast. In *, it had * *, * * *, * * *, and was * *. * * * of a child born after a * of six and a * and in * * at two years, and another * ten years of the same age at birth. * * of a * *, born on the one hundred and * *, * * on its fingers or toes, * *, * * developed, and the skin * and thin. It was * to grasp * * nipple, and was * for three * * from the breast through a *. * * * * * * * * *. Before the * * * * died of measles. * describes a case in which * * on the 24th * *, and continued * * * * * * * one of which * * * a few minutes after birth. * * *, * to the *, and this fact, coupled with * size of the children, seemed to verify the duration * pregnancy. In * * *, *, * of a * * * and a half *, * at the age of * * * * * and was * long. The * of the head * inches and the shortest *. The child * freely and readily. * * * was a viable * * * and a half * * *. * says that he has * a child of six months * * eventual development * * born at full term.
In some cases there seems to be a * in women which manifests itself by * * *. * *, *, * * * * * * * * * at the seventh month.
* * * destined to be the future means of * * * *. * * cases have *, and by means of an * * * * * which at the age of six months * * *. A full description of the * may be found. * * * is easily made; the * *. * * * *. * * have been described in recent years, but * appears to be the most *.
The question of retardation of labor, like that of premature *, is open to much *, * * * * * limit of * * *. * * * * a long conversation with the physicians and wise men, * * * in a case before him, that of a woman * * * * *, the child * months after * * * * *. * * law the * established that a woman * * * * at the tenth month of pregnancy. * * * * * *, * that birth may be * the tenth *, and sometimes to a longer period. A case * in the * * * *, * * * * part of the *, *, in which a * * hundred and * days after the death of * * * *. * * * * * enough to come to the * of a * * * * * * that a child born after a *' * * *. * * * * * * * who was delivered after a * * months. The * code of * * * * * * constitute the longest period of * of an infant; * * *, * * * * * *, * hundred and one *.
There are numerous * recorded by the older *. * has one of * *' *; *, one of * *, a case of * *; *, one of *; * *, one of nineteen *; *, * others of * * * *; * *, one of * *, *, and also * * * *. An incredible case is recorded of an * * after a * *' *. Instances of *' * are also *. * * * * * instance of birth * * * *; *, * * two years; and *, * * * * *' * is, of course, *.
* * * *, of a case of gestation * to the * *, * *, * *, *, describes a similar case, the child * * * records a case of late pregnancy, and * * * weeks, but the fetus * *. * * * of three hundred and * *' *. * * * * cases of three hundred and *, * * *, and three hundred and * * * one of four hundred and *. * *, in a * * *, * as being from three * * to three hundred and * *.
Not so long ago a * rendered a * * * * * * * when it was * that the child * * hundred and * days after *. * a case of pregnancy in which the wife of a * * * * hundred and * days before the * describes an instance of the prolongation of pregnancy * hundred and * days, in which the * * * to the length of *. * of a woman * * * * * * *, and on * * * *. * * * * * * *, and by his * * * * * at the breast. * expected to be confined * * *, but the expected * did not occur * nine months after the * * * * * * from the time of conception. The boy was * * * *. The author * *' case, and * * *, at three hundred and * *.
*, * of the State * * for the *, * the pregnancy of an * who had * for four years in this * as one of *. * said that many such cases have been reported, and * less than two years before he had charge of a case * the child was born. * made the report to the New * * * * for the * as one of *' *. * * of a woman who was delivered * * * at term, and again in ten * * * * * * * *; * * * of another case, in *, *. *, of a woman * * * * * over to * 16th, the * in the uterus * * months, and nine months * * *.
* * cases are *, one in a woman * *, * expected to be confined * * * had a few * * * *, and during the * * * * about as large as usual, and was * thought to be in the early stages of labor. In * * * until the first and second * could be * to the head. This condition * about a month, * *. At times during the last nine months of * * * unable to * * * of the *, on the * * * *, after a * * hundred and * *, * was delivered of a * * *. Both the mother and child * * the use of * * *. The other case was * * months and * *.
In a rather * *, * * a case of three hundred and fifty *. * * * instance in a woman *, the mother of one *, in whom a gestation * to the * *. The pregnancy * * carcinoma of the uterus. * describes the case of a * * years and six months, * pregnancy, the result of * *, * * hundred and * *. * * short and easy for a *, and the child * * * *. * * * instance of a woman *, * *, who had been * ten years and * had been regular in *. * * * * * * felt the child for the first time *. She had * * * *, * * * * * * *, * * hours. If all * are correct, the probable duration of this * * months and * *.
* * an example of * * * * months, in which an * * was born; * * * describes a similar case of ten and a half *. * * * * to the *. * * an observation of an * * * * pregnancy that had been * * * * * * * * * *' * * * *. The case had been * his observation * beginning of pregnancy; the patient would not * * * at term, which he *. After a * * * * * * * * * *, together with a * *. * * instance of * * in which the product * * carried in the uterus * days after *. * * * but not *, and the placenta * * degeneration. At a recent meeting of the * *, *. *. *. * reported the case of * * in which the fifth * * hundred and two days after the last *. * before there had occurred * similar to those of * * * *. The sacral * * * * * * diameter of the * * *. The fetus * large and * * *. * * with difficulty * * * of the * * through the superior * expression and *, during which the child * * suffered a deep * of the * * inch of the wall of the rectum.
Among others * instances of * pregnancy are *, * *; *, * *; * *; *, * hundred and * * * * * gives the history of a woman who * * in her * * * *; this case * * under the head of fetus * retained in the uterus.
* * are numerous instances of women who have had experience in pregnancy * * * * moment of delivery, * * none of the * symptoms of this condition. * * * * of good * * who had been * * * who had * * * for a long *, * * * with a * *" and, to her * *, a child was born before the arrival of the * * account of her * * and her * * * *. A peculiar feature of this case was the * * * set in * *, * * * * and had to be removed to an *, * in a few months. * * a woman * * * * * with abdominal *. She had been * years and had never been *. * * * *, but this was attributed to her change of life. * *, * * to the full term of gestation, and was * * * without any * of pregnancy. * * * of a *, * * * * the household.
* * * *, *, * the case of a young * * * * * * *. * found the * distended and * * about the possibility *. * * and her husband * him that such * be the case, as * * had been * and her * enlarged, as she had * a certain * all the * were no signs of *, no change in the breasts, * *, none of the usual signs of pregnancy *. * * * *, and to her *, in about * * * * * of a boy * * *. Both the mother * made a good *. * * * instance of a * * that she was not * up to the * * *. She had * and was * a child * *. During the * * was attacked * * those of labor and a * * into the * * hemorrhage; the placenta * * *. In this peculiar case the * * *, * a child, and at the same time * *.
* * of a case of * pregnancy in which extremely small * * * at the eighth *. * * instance of a woman who had * * *, * * of pregnancy. * * of a woman * of age who had not * a child * * years, but * * birth to a *, * * * * of pregnancy. * * of a woman who * * * * *, * of her *, * * * * at its *. Among the * * of pregnancy * * * * until the period of *, * * * * cases; and * * * instance in which * who had * * * * * * of pregnancy until the * of labor * * * * * * examples of *.
* the other hand, instances of pregnancy with * symptoms and * for birth * *, and many cases are on record. In fact, * * * * gives some space to the subject *. Suppression of the *, enlargement of *, engorgement of the breasts, together with the * by the *, such as *, * of the abdomen, etc., are for the most part * of the cases of *. Of course, many of the * * examples of true *, with its *, * instances of * * * * *, and some are calculated to * the most * by their *. * * * * case of * as follows: "A woman, *, *, it may be, at or past the *, * * * or is * * of becoming *. * * * in amount, irregular, and at last * * * the abdomen and * *, owing to a * on of fat, and this is far less * *. * with this excess of fat the most * * * * of pregnancy. By and by the child is felt, the * it for granted, and this * * until the *, *, corrects the *. Then the * with remarkable speed, and the * of this * is at an end." In the same *, *. * * * * * * * personal observation: * * by a * * regard to a woman * * years of * * in whom * was interested. * * had been * three years to a very old man * of a *. * *, * * * * * * and the rest * *, unless the wife had a child. For two * * * * woman, who was very *, * *. * * sure that she * *, * * * * at a rate and in a way * seemed to justify *. * * * * were the chief * * *. * * did not *, * * *; * * *, and every * made for *. * * * a physician * an examination and * * * absence of pregnancy. A second * * * *, and the tenth * * * * * size and * as to her *. At the twelfth * * * *, * * * * it was the early * *. When it passed over * * * of her *, * * * * at the rate of half a * a day * effort to limit the rate of this remarkable *. * * of two months she had * * * * and was, * *, * *. At this stage * * * * * * * had become * *. * * *, * * many years ago, is a fair illustration of *.
* * * * when in general practice. A * who had * children and * much in her * * * without becoming *. * * * a period, *, as usual, *. * * * * efforts to end * pregnancy, and *, * in her *. * * at the ninth * and were presumed to *. * * *, up to the eighth *, * *. *, * * * * so as to make the * * * and to * * *. * * * until the * * *, *, of course, * * *. * * * not to have * child, and * case, as in all the others known to me, the fat * * as the * * * as to the * *. * * * recall the *, * * was not * two months in * rid of the excess of adipose *. * * * he has * * cases of women * * * cessation of the *, and in which there was * * * in the existence of pregnancy. He has not * * these cases as to know if in them the fat * * * * once the patient was * that no * * *.
*, in an article on the difficulties in the diagnosis of pregnancy, * * * * showing the * * * pathologic conditions and the * of the abdomen in pregnancy. A woman who had * * * with a *, followed by an * * * * * confined to her *, and had never * with her husband during that time. * * * * * engorged and * a serous *; * * enlarged, and both * and her * * * in her *. As in her * * * *. *, * * as to her * * * * *, but when he * that she * * * * * * * * * * *. Still the wife insisted that she * * * * in the belief by a *. * * * *, and about * months after the cessation of * she had the * of labor. * * * * were present, and when they * that the * * * * * up in *; but the * was born shortly after, * proved to be only a mass *, * not the sign of a true *. * * * of a female who had been * several times, * * the signs of pregnancy. * * * * * * fluid, and * * * like those of *; * * all this time she had * *. * * increased in size, and between the * * * * * * * thought to *. * * * * * taking a *, * the disappearance of the other * * * * idea of pregnancy.
There is * * instance of * * of a young * * * all the signs of pregnancy and * * * that she had had * with a man. * * * * * * * * * * * * * *, and after the use of six * the signs of pregnancy *. * * * * *, * * we must not * * the the * * before the seventh or after * *. * a woman, * * * * * * of an *, * *, * * * * * * in her * like those of a child, * * for over a month, when the * * * * * *. * * * certain that she *.
The most * * case of * is that of * * * *, or "Bloody *" as she was called. * * succession of a * *, * * * * having a * by her *.
*, * * * * * * * *. * * * *; the breasts began to enlarge * * around the nipples. She had * * * nature and her * *. * * * * of her *, * opinion of pregnancy * *. * * * * was to make * count on her * * months of pregnancy. When the end * * * *, the people * * * * * * * of the * * * * the new * * had been sent to tell the * * * * * * * * *, and the people * * *. * * * to the venerable * * * * * and give * * * *. * * * * *, and after being * * * * * in her *, * went into *, * *, * with the whole *, *; * * * * of the *, * * *.
* * the case of a healthy *, * *, the mother of three *. She had * * * * * as to cause her to * * * * side to * * were enlarged, the * dark, and the * an elastic *, heavy and * under the hand. * * * to the regular size of *; but the * *, which was * * *, was not seen at the autopsy, nothing more than * * * found. The movement was due to * of the abdominal *, the causes * * gives the history of a * * *, * year, to whom he was called. On entering the * * * by the *, * * * expected the child * *. * * * lying in the usual * position, on * *, *, * *, * * hard at a * to the *. She had a partial cessation of * had complained * * * of the child * of milk from the breasts. * * * * down, the os small and circular, and no signs of pregnancy * uterus. The abdomen * distended with * * * * * * * *. *. * * * * that she was not *, and when she * * * in a few days, * * * of the * *; * * * *, * * fluid from her *, *, * that she * * *, left to seek a more * *, in the words of *, describes a woman as * the most accurate description of the * * * * * * that she had * * * *" * found the * on a * * * *, * * *, * * on a * to her *. The finger on the abdomen or vulva * of great *. * * * * * *, and the next day * * * *, * * *, but the * * of labor, * * * * *, had ceased.
* * * examples of *, the first with no apparent cause, the second due to carcinoma of the uterus, * the third there was a small * in the anterior wall * *. Some cases are of purely * *, * a purely * distention of the abdomen. * * * due to *. Cases of * in women * * are not uncommon, * most of them are * * an extra * of life.
* * of a child seven years old * * * * * for a * *. She had been well * *, but since then she had several times * * by a boy, * of which she had * * *. * the first * * * began to enlarge, * * develop, and the * * *. In seven * * * the signs of pregnancy, but the cervix was * *; the sound * * inches and was * * hemorrhage. The child * well developed, the * * with hair, and all the * * * * * *.
* * * * * * * there are often present * and vomiting * * * *. * is often so * as to * of most serious * and even * * * *. This fact is well known and has * *, but with it is associated * *, the occasional association of the same * in the *. The belief has long been * in parts of Great *, * * * * * at the present *. * * * * * this subject, the substance of his * being that * * * * with their * * * * * in their own *. No less an * *. * * * attention to the * * * * in the * in his * * * * years ago. * * * the following * * *.
"A woman had given birth to two female children. * years passed and her desire for a boy was *. * * * * once, and had * * this, as * * * * * *, a very small but * *. * * * * * * as usual with * * * * fat, and as the growth was *, * *, *, * * * sure of *. * was not * patient, but her husband * * to his own *, * * on with the * of this sign in his *, * had been the case * in her * *. * * * to leave * * * *. * * later that the * to gain * and be * * * * * *. * * *, an examination *, and when sure that there was no possibility of her * * began to lose *, and within a few * * * *.
* * * instance of * in a husband * weeks after the appearance of * in the wife * * *. He had * attacks, and it was not until the * the next * that the * * any other sign of * * * *. * * * for two * was the same as that which he had * * * * *, although not until * * and his * aware of the existence of pregnancy. The * * case in which the * nausea and vomiting, as well * of the wife, * * * *. * * instance of a man who was * in the * * * * * a child. This occurred during * *, * * related that his own father was similarly affected * mother was in the early months of pregnancy with *, * hereditary predisposition.
* * * and peculiar * of pregnant women * * matter for discussion. From the earliest * are many such *. * * * *, * are many others, of pregnant women * * * *. *, *, *, * *, *, and several * * * *. * have seen * for human * in such * * a woman with an * for the blood of *. * * * * * * * * by her * * blood from the * * *" * * * * of pregnant women, and says that * been known to * *, *, *, *, *, *, to drink * *, and to * in all * *. * gives the case of a woman who would * * all the * * * *. * * * * of a case of a woman * *, who had been * years, who acquired a strong * * *, * * for it. * seemed to * * and to cure a *. * * * *, * *. * * of a woman who had a most * for her own milk, and * * * * * a similar *. Another case is that of * woman who had a desire for hot and * * *, and who in a short time * * * * * * a case in which the * * in pregnancy, * *, but this is not * of most *. The pregnant wife of a * * * * * of her husband. * Many instances could be *, * in which extreme cases of polydipsia and * developed; these can be readily * the increased call for * and food. Other cases * * * can be recalled, such as * *, * *, and, on the other hand, *, *, * purity of the *. Some of the * * * * * * * * * * * * are commonly * * * is often a * for a particular kind of food * * which no * * had been * *.
* * * * associated with pregnancy is the apparent influence of the * of the * the child in utero. Every one * of the popular * * *, * * resemblance to some animal * seen by the mother during pregnancy, *. The truth * *, *, seems to be more * * facts of a substantial nature. There is a * to explain any abnormality or * of the child * * * * during the period of the * *, * * is often distorted and the * * * * * * satisfactory explanation. It is the * of the * * to attribute the existence * *" to an episode in the * pregnancy. The *" * * * * was due to * that his mother * * * in utero * * * * * by an elephant. In some countries the * * is forbidden because of the * * * *. * * * Twins" for * were forbidden to * * * * a period *.
We shall * only a few of the most interesting cases from medical literature. * * * * of a * * * with a * because she * a black * * it as a case of maternal *, * * * * * placed in her * * * of a *, * * of which * * * during the whole * *. *, again, in the * * * occurs the following * *: "If a * has a * * * * * *, * * of them, * which is born * on its head the mark of *" This statement, however, occurs in a work which is * by any of the ancient *, and is * * all the modern *; according to *, *, *, * * proof that * was a * one of the most popular and * * * *.
In the explanation of heredity, * states "that the body of the male as well as that of the female * * * which is * *) is derived from * *, that which is strong *) * * *, and the fetus will correspond to the quality of the * the semen of one part come in greater * from the * from the female, * part will * more closely *; *, however, it comes more from the female, the part * resemble the mother. If it be * that the semen * both parents, then it is impossible for the whole * * either the mother or the father, or neither the one * other in *, * * the child * * the one and the other in *. The child * * the one * * * to the formation of *" * was the * theory of generation *, and it was * used to explain the * of certain diseases and malformations. For instance, * of the * * *, * *: * * *, like that of other diseases; for * * * * * of a *, and a * * *, and a * of a *, and one * * of another * disease of the spleen, what is * it from * * where the father and mother * to this disease certain of their offspring should be * also? As the semen comes from all parts of the * * will come from * parts, and * * *.
According to *, * * * * with long * like a *, * mother had * * * a picture of * *. *. * * * * * * * resemblance to a *. * * a case *; it was an *, * by the effect of * produced a white *. * describes this case *: * says that *, * * *, * * *, also an *, * a daughter * * skin, and the * * ascribed to the * * picture of * * * * throughout the whole * *" * * * the case of a * * *, * during a conflict * * *, * * * * * * * * *, * birth to a daughter * hand, the other hand being a bleeding *; * * * the case of the wife of a * * *, * * * * * * off at the * * * * * a daughter with one *. * * of a child * * of a mouse; * *, the mother had been * by one of these animals. * describes a * * traces of a * in the same location as one * the mother. * * * of several * of a * a face * a dog * mother had been *; * * child with one * blue and the other *, * * * * seen a person * *; of an infant * * upper and lower extremities, the mother * * * *; and another, a child born with its * * * * *, * mother had been * * * and a descending *. There is the history of * * * * * * months with her * * * on the right * by a dog. * weeks after, * * * with three * corresponding in size and appearance * caused by the * * on her *. * * * * a woman in her seventh month * * * on a *, * the mother, * * * burns. The * * two months later of an infant * * * * extremities in a manner similar to the * * *. This infant * on the third day, * * * * months later with the same *. * * * nearly all the fingers and toes * of. In a *, long after the mental *, a healthy * was born.
* describes a case which has * become almost * of a woman * *, * * * *, by her * * at the * *. The day after the * * and was terminated by the birth of a * * *, * * * * * extent and * * * * to the locations of * injuries. The mother * on the fourth *.
* * the history of a * * during a * * * * into a *, * the whole front of *, the front and * of the thighs to the knees, * *, and the left *. * * * necessary, and a * *, * * * * *, * * *, was delivered. There was * * * near the inner * of the eye and * * about the neck and * which the mother * *. There was no history of syphilis * of any * * the mother, who died on the tenth * * *.
* describes a woman * *, the mother of seven children, who * * * * * *, * * the animals * * * with its * *" * * a sudden *. * * was born *. * and face * small and *. Instead of a * had a * * * * * * *, * at an angle * *. The space between this and * * occupied by a body * an adult *. * * two small, * * * * * * * * minutes). The * * * * *, *, * *. * * * * * * normal children.
* * * instance of the influence of maternal * in the causation of a large, *, * * * on the face: "When the mother was in * * * * by a * in which * * * *, during the early months of her * * * * * * * * light the fire *, and at that time * * * with the * * * would be *" * * * *" an individual with * *, * * classed as an *, * as a *, * *. According to the story, when the mother was * * * her husband, * *, * *, * * *, put a large * * in the *. * * the wife * to the * and the * * *, * * * by its * * as it * to the floor and began to move *.
* * * * case in which a woman was attacked by a * when in her * month of pregnancy, and * to a child * * * the shape and action of *, * * * * * *. * and mouth also markedly * the head of a *.
The teeth * * like a * *. The mere mention of a * * the child (a man * *) * * * *, "particularly in the * *" * * history of a case of a child born with its left eye * by a *, * mother was * in a corresponding * the face * hours before *. There is on record * of a young man * * suffering from * attributed to the fact that his mother was * * * having been * * * * *. * * * * deformity of the right * the autopsy, all the skin, *, muscles, and bones * *. * * of a woman who was * * * * by a * * to see * the genitals of her * * * * * * amputation of the penis * account of carcinoma. * * had been removed. * * stated that from the * * * * *, her mind * * * * * * on the * condition of *. While in this * * * * birth to a * * * entirely absent, but who was * well and * *. The other portions of the genitals * perfect and *. The appearance of the * and the * *. A most * case is stated by * * * * experience of * * *. A woman had a * * * with whom she had had * * *. * * put in a * on the *, * * two years. On leaving the * * * * *, * nine months after * * birth to a *. * * was that during * * in the * * nine months * she had the image of her * * * *. * * of a woman who * * by the actions of a * at a *, * * into the world a child * * * * of the * in a most striking *.
* * * cases in which * * * marks on the fetus. There is a case mentioned in which a * * informed that an * * had been * * *; the immediate cause of death * fracture of *, produced by the corner of a * against which the * *. The mother was * * * *, which was * described to her * *. * * at birth * a red and * upon the scalp corresponding in location with the * in the *. The child is now an adult woman, and * upon the scalp remains red and sensitive to pressure, and * devoid of hair. * * *, *, * * instance of maternal *. During the sixth * the pregnancy of the mother her husband * *, * * out through the left *. * * * * *, * * * *. *: *, * * * *, for when * saw the wound * * * * * my face, * * covered with blood, and * * * * will have a *" The child came to term without a * *. * *, * * * on the left * just below * * * of the * from its * *. * * * the size of a * *, and had * * * bright red color, and was * visible at the distance of * *. The authors have had * * *. * * regard to this case, which he * * * evidence of a case of maternal impression that he * *.
* * as are the foregoing *, those of paternal * * *. * are on record, * are of sufficient * * * * * * *. * below are given to illustrate the method *. *, * * *, * of the case of *, the father being a * * * an eye in the war. * was born with one of its * * up in the orbit, * * * an appearance like that of the * * a man * * * * * * * * * * * * * with his * * and bleeding. * * in a great * *, and a few days later the wife was delivered of a * * of the bladder. * * the curious * * man who * that if * * * was a daughter * * speak to it. The child proved to be a *, and during * of the * life nothing could induce the * * * his father, *, in fact, to any other * *, * * * * * * * to both men and * * the birth of a child * * had a *, and the * * * stiff and * * * * * as that of its *.
* influence of the paternal * on the physical and mental * of the child is well known. To designate *, * is the word that was coined by * * * *" and he * it as "Infection of *" and, at another time, as "Those * * * the offspring is said to resemble, not the father, * * * of the *, in other words, the * of a previous * on the progeny produced by * one from the same *. In a systematic * * before the * * *, *, * *, * *, as a means of making the definition * * * * *, * * * * the classic example which * * the attention of * * * to this phenomenon. * facts of * * * in a letter from the * * * * * of the * * * and were as follows: * * * * put a male * to a young * * * blood, which had never before * * * * was a female * * * both parents. * sold the * * * * *, * two years after * the hybrid * her to a black * *. During the * * she had two * * * * *: "They have the character of the * * * as can be expected * of the blood are * they are * * of the *; but both in their * in the hair of their * they have a striking * * *. * * * *, * more or less * * in a darker *. Both are distinguished by the dark * * * of the back, the dark * * *, and the dark * across the back part of the * * of the * * saw the * * * * *.
* *, in the * Review for *, * * * * * * by his * *. *, * * is often * * of animals * *. * * * * * * on to say: * * * * * had a valuable * *, * * had a * by a * *. The next * * * * on a visit to a pure * *, * * * * as much of the first * as the second, * next year he sent her to another *, with the *. Another case: A friend of * * * had a * * * for, by a * from a * * * * * she never * * * *, no matter * * *.
* *, * * * breed of * * * * * *, * * * on the subject * is great, says that * * * * consider that * * * to a * *, she is never * to breed * *, * * * * legs are apt to come * * * is a pure *. This has been proved * *, but is not *' * *. * * *: * know this theory well; and if a * * happens to breed to a dog of another * is of little use for * * * * which produce large * and go a short time * * * back to * * far more * * * * and pigs most of all, * * least. The influence of previous * may be carried * second generation or further, * I have a * * * to be * * * *. * * has very * and every appearance of being a half *, * * * * * blood, as far as * *, * * (a very * *) * * * * * *, and all * * * * * * *. * * * * many years ago, * the only one in the *, *, * * * * *, * * * this case is really *.
* * * * wish to breed * with as * * as possible. In order to accomplish this they * * * * first to a * *, * * * * which they *. * * put the * * * * * * get a * * * * * *, but have much * * than they * have had, and also show much of the * * *, * proving that physiologic as well as * may be transmitted in this way.
* * the foregoing *, * * his attention to man, and makes the following * *.
"We might expect from the foregoing account of * * animals that whenever a black * had a child to a white * * * a black *, * * * * * * *. *. * * * * * * * that he was * * * * * * * * if a * had a child * * a white, and * * * with a *, * * * * * * * than the *, as far as * know, this is the only instance of * on record. * * has shown that when * * * with an animal of a mixed *, * * much more closely the parent of pure * this may explain why the * recorded by * * * * noted. For a *, who is of very * * * have a stronger influence on the * than an *, * * of a mixed *. * * the correct *, we should expect that when a * * first a black man, and then a white, * * the white * would be * *. * * * * *, it is very rare that a white * * * * man, and then have a white * * *, we have a fair number of * * * * * born in the above way of *.
*. * * a case in which * young woman, * * *, * * of white *) parents, but *, some time * to her *, had a *) * by a * * * *, * traces of the *. *. * * * * patient the young woman at one time *, * * * * of satisfying * as to the * to which the * * * in her *; * * * * with the *, * * that the hair had the qualities * * *' * * * a letter from a *' in the United States, * said that children * * had been *' observed to show * * * when the women had had * * *, a child by) a *. *. * of New * * * *, * said the above * * as a *' *. * *, * * * * *' mentioned this fact, and when * about it * had never heard the statement *.
"But it is not only in relation to color that we find * to have been * in the human subject. *. * * a most interesting case in the * * * * * * * * *, * * * *, none of whom * * in any particular, * * with a white *, * * * *. During gestation * * * * *, * the birth of a * * * * *. It so * * * * * * * * on each *, but there was no * * * in the white *, * when the * * was born * * * deformity of a * *, * * * *, * * * *, *: * knowledge of this * fact is by no * * *, * said that most of the children * * have a greater resemblance to the legal than to * * observation that was confirmed by * * and by the * *. * * comes the *: * * * * * *' * has noted * in relation to * of children by a second *. * said that * long been known that the children by a second * the first * * * mind, and disposition. * * a case in which this * was very well *, * * * *, * *. * * * * on this * *; * *. * * * * * * * * * in the cases of * * the children of the * * resemble the first *.
"An observation * having some bearing on this subject was made by * * * *, *. *. * * * * * * had had a child by a *, * * power of conception by a male of her own *, * * * by a white *. * * this to be the * * * *; but it has been *, or at * proved to be by no means a universal law, in every * that of the * * * and New *. * * thought it * that the * * * in some degree be due to the same * * * * * * who have had * by white men.
"It would seem as though the * had had some knowledge of *, for in * we find that when a man * * *, * * * commanded to * * * * * that he * * * seed to his *' * We must omit the * * into this subject that is offered by *. *. * * * * * * on one of three main *.
* *, or, to * *: "Due to mental * * * either on the * of the female and * on her * *, or on the * of the *, and so * the qualities of his *, * * * nutrition and development of the offspring."
Due to a local influence on the * organs of the mother.
Due to a general * through the fetus on the mother.
* * * next to deal with the diseases, *, * operations that affect the pregnant uterus and *; these are rich in anomalies and facts of *, and have been recognized from the earliest *. * * works usually grouped together under the * * *" are to be found the * upon the subject of * * * * * * * * * down to modern * there were * * before the time of * * *, and that the works ascribed to the "Father *" * immediately followed by those of other * * not to be *; * * nearly all * prior to and after * have been * * * *, most of those that were written by the * * * * have been * * *. * puts it, * * * * * * * * * * *.
The first to be considered is the transmission of * disease to the fetus in utero. The first disease to * * *. *, *, * * * * * *, the child * dead and * of the typical * *, with a history * * having been infected during pregnancy. * * cases in which a child in utero * *. In the * the mother was infected in pregnancy; the other * * * * * * *; she did not * *, * she had been infected many months * * a woman of a healthy * at full term * * recovered from a severe attack of this disease * * month of gestation. * * the child * * after the delivery. * reported to the * * *, *, the case of a woman who * birth to * * of about * * * *' *, * * hours after birth covered with the * of seven * *' *. * * on the fetus * * and typical, and could have been nothing but * *; *, this disease was * in the * the time. The mother had never been infected before, and * *. Both parents * * and neither of * ever had syphilis. About the time of conception, * * * *, the father * suffered from * *, but the mother, who had been * * *, had never been * * during or after * *. * * a peculiar instance of a * * *, * mother was covered with the * hours after delivery. The child * * * * * of the *, and was * at once. * * with its * * through the *, * *, with the exception of the ninth day, when a slight * to its * *. The mother made a good * the author * that had the child * * a short *, it would most likely have been infected.
* * * instance of congenital * in twins. * * of a woman * * twins who * * and a half *. One of the * * * * * *, although the mother and other * * from any symptoms of the disease. In * * birth of a * * * * * together with ulcerations of the * * * and stomach, although the mother had * * * some time before. * describes a case of * * days after birth, the mother not having * * * *. * * * * * * in the eighth month of pregnancy. The * born with the disease, and both mother and * * many others * evidence of * in utero *, *, * *, *, *, *, *, *, *, * *.
*, *, Pneumonia, and even * * reported as having been transmitted to the child in utero. * * * * * in her * *. * * the rash * * * hours after birth, * through the regular * * * of ten *. The mother had no signs of the disease, but * all about * * *. * the period * is from three to four days, with a * * * * * * *' *, when the *; this case must therefore have been infected in * * * * of the case of a woman, * *, *, who had * in the eighth *, * * birth to an infant with *. The mother was * pneumonia on the fifth day of her *, * * * died in four weeks of intestinal *. * * transmitted from the mother to the fetus * out of 11
cases, there * * deaths in the *.
* * observed the case of transmission of pneumonia from a mother to a fetus, and has * * cases in which the blood * uterine vessels of patients with pneumonia * *. * collected a number of cases of * during pregnancy, showing a fetal mortality of *.
* * * instances of fetal * in which the infection was * transmitted by the male parent. * * the father * * * * * *; * had never had a *. The violent * * *, and the spleen * so large as to retard it. * * * * * * * * *, * * *.
* modes of infection of the fetus * syphilis, and the infection of the mother, have been well *, and need * *.
There has been much discussion on the effects on the fetus in utero of medicine administered to the pregnant mother, and * as to the reliability of this * are so * we are in * as to a satisfactory *. * * * administered and eliminated by the mammary glands * to the child at the breast are well known, and * * by nearly every physician, and, as in cases * * *, *, * no other than the actual *, * * as to the efficacy of * have been made from time to time with *.
* * * * * *, *, * * acid in the blood and secretions of the fetus * * just before death. In cases in * had been *, * * the fetal urine of 11
cases; in * was present, and in the others, *. * * * experiments on the lower animals. * * * * * just before birth in 25
cases, and in each case * it in the urine of the * after birth.
At a discussion held in New * * years ago as to the real effect on the fetus * * * to the mother, * * * * alone in * that the * * *. * * * * on the *. * * *, * * *, * * * * *, * * states that he has * * * * * * * on the fetus * *. Over fifty years ago, in a * * * * * *. * * a new idea in the * * * during the latter stages of pregnancy. * of this * is known, and whether, * *, * acts by * * oxygen to the blood, or * * itself is * to the fetus, has never * *.
*, who has been a close * on this subject, reports some interesting cases. In his first case * * * of iron * * * * three times * on a woman who had * * * children, with a * *. * * * *, but in a third * * by the same medication with a woman who had * * * *. In a fourth case of * * three consecutive * he was successful. * * * *: It was that of a woman in her * *, with one exception, * * * * * * * * * * *. The one exception lived a few *. Under this treatment he was successful in * * * * * time for *, and had * for a normal * at the time of report. * that the administration of a * * * * * to a * which, by its * * *, is thought to be *. * * * the passage of substances foreign to the * the placenta, and * an excellent * * *, which is * * * in a * * *.
In this important *, *, * * some historical *, describes a long series of experiments performed on * in order to * the passage of *, *, *, *, *, *, * * the placenta. The placenta shows a real affinity for * substances; in it * copper and mercury, but *, and it is therefore * it that the * * *; in addition to its *, intestinal, and *, * * glycogen and acts as an * *, and so resembles in its action the liver; * * of the fetus * only a potential *. * up of * in the placenta is not so general as * of them in the liver of the mother. It may be * the placenta does not form a barrier to the passage of * the circulation of the fetus; this would seem to * * *, which was always found in the * never in the fetal organs. In * * lead and * accumulation of the * in the fetal tissues is * in the maternal, perhaps from differences in * * or from greater diffusion. * it is * * barrier to the passage of *, * * * * degree of obstruction: it allows copper and * * *, * with greater difficulty. The * toxic substances in the fetus does not follow the same * * the adult. They * more widely in the fetus. In the * liver is the chief * *. *, which in * * to accumulate in the liver, is in the fetus * in the skin; copper accumulates in the fetal liver, * system, and sometimes in the skin; * which is * in the maternal liver, but also in the skin, has * in the skin, liver, * centers, and elsewhere * *. The frequent presence of * in the fetal * its physiologic importance. It has probably not * * influence on its *. On the * in the placenta and nerve * * * * abortion and the birth of dead *) Copper and lead did not cause *, * * so in two out of six *. Arsenic is a * agent in the *, * * * * *. An important * is that * * is frequently and seriously affected in syphilis, * * the special * for the accumulation of *. * * * * * action in this disease? The * of lead in the central nervous system of the * the frequency and serious character of * lesions. The presence of * in the * * * an explanation of the therapeutic results of * of this substance in skin *.
* * are of interest to the medical *, particularly those cases in which the * * * * pregnancy and the child is born with a very * * *. *, in an excellent *, * *, which is very *, * * * caused by contraction of bands or membranes of * * * limb and producing * by the * * * atrophy that the surgeons * *. * * of a case in which a man * * * * * * before the * *. * * * congenital, and on the right * was a very small stump of the upper arm * the attachment of an * *. * * years old, and able to write, * * * * * out of a bottle, *. * * of a female * * * *, the fourth birth of a * * *. The child * *; the circumference * * * inches and that of the trunk *. * * consisted of * * joints, but only * * was present. Both sides * * *, * * on the right side * * * * the left * long. The right * * * * * * * wide and * long; to * * * * a body resembling the * * * * *. On the left side the * * represented by * * * long and * * * the great toe of an infant. There was no * * or injury to the mother. The child presented by the * by the absence of limbs * * difficulty in * three stages of labor * one and * *, *, and five minutes, *. * * shows the appearance of the limbs at the time *.
* represents a * *, the victim of * *, * * * * * * for many * * * * mode of holding * *.
There is an * reported in which a child at full term was born with an * arm, and at the age of * * * * if at all smaller than the other. * * * * of congenital amputation of both the upper * * * a case that shows the deleterious * even the weight of a fetal * resting on a cord or *. * was that of a *, the product of a * * origin; the soft tissues were almost cut through * * * by the * resting on one of the two *, * * it, but in a *. The cord * * in the tissues.
* * of the cord are not limited to compression about the extremities alone, but may even * the head by * * several times about the neck. * *, there is in the * * * *, *, a reference to * of the umbilical cord * neck of the fetus. * * *, *, regarded as * the dangers of the eighth *, and even the mode of * is described. It is said that if the cord * * one side of the uterus, and the fetus * more to the *, * when the * is performed the * * form a loop round the neck or chest of the infant. * remain in this *, it is further stated, the mother * later and the fetus will either * or be * *. If the * * * that this * * * *, they did not in any * * *.
The accompanying * show the different ways in which the * may be *, * * * * as many as * * * * instance in which * * the head of a * was in a state of *, * * * * * around the neck. *, *, * * * *. * observed the * * * about the arm and neck of a * the body of which * *. There was complete absence of amniotic * *. * presented to the New * * an ovum * which the fetus * * * *. * describes a case * the etiology of spontaneous amputation of limbs in * * a case of *, * * of the left * from being * by the * death of the fetus * probably due to compression of *. * * * instance in which the left arm and hand * * were found in a state of * * * * * * * * at the upper part. * an article on spontaneous amputation of the forearm * regeneration of the hand in the fetus. * * to this subject * *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, * *.
* finds that the greatest number of * of the umbilical cord * found to encircle * fetus are *, *, * * and Gray). His own case was observed * * *. The patient was a * * *. * * * seen on * * * 19th the * * *. On the 20th * set in about * before term. * * * * * *. * *, * *, * defined a * * * * *, very high in the *. * * * * *, * * *. * *. * * * engaged in the pelvic cavity. At *. * * * at the height of each pain, but * *. * *. * * * *. * * delivered the dead * * *. * * * the cause of * clear. The * was very tense and * * round the neck and once round the left *; * also a distinct *. * * * * * * * was a male, * *. * * over 5
pounds, and was easily * * * * * of the *. * * * on the neck. * * * * later and, so far as * *, * *.
* fractures are occasionally seen, but are generally the results of * or of some * * on the part of the mother. * * on the abdomen or * may cause *. The most interesting cases are those * * fractures are multiple and the causes * * * have been discussed *, * reader is referred to any responsible * * * * *. *, * *, * * * fractures of the clavicle. * * * * on the * aspect of a case * fracture of the os *. * * * * case of * fracture of the humerus * * describes a case of fracture and dislocation of * of a * in utero. * * * * * of both * *. *, *, * cite instances of * fracture of the thigh; * case of * the fracture occurred during the last week *, and there was * * of the fragments *. *, *, * * * * of the tibia; * * case there was * *.
* describes an instance in which multiple fractures were found in a *, some of which were * *, * * * *. * describes a * * multiple fractures. * * * * case of * in which no less than * discovered in a child at birth. It * *, and at the postmortem examination it was found that * * *, * *, * * * *. * * that the * fracture is well * *. There seems to be a peculiar * of the * fracture in the cases in which the fractures are multiple * cause is not *.
The results to the fetus of injuries to the pregnant * are most *. In some instances the * escape of * consequences of one or both is almost *, * others the slightest injury is fatal. * * * of a woman who was killed by a * * *, * * * *; * * * describes a * which there was perforation of the head, fracture of *, and a * of the groin, due to * * * * * of the mother. * there was not the slightest * any external *.
It is a * fact that injuries to the pregnant * * * effects on the person of the fetus. The older * a careful record of the anomalous * * * * character and of their effects. * tells us * from the mouth and nose of the fetus occasioned by * of the mother; * * a case of fracture of * * * of the mother; * describes a * the os * * * in the mother from a fall, * of the arm and leg of the fetus from the same * * of a * * in a *, caused by a * the mother; * * * instance of rupture of * of a * by a fall of the mother; * * accounts of injuries to the fetus of this *, * * * * * as having been * into a * *; * * * *, * * * * * * from a maternal *; * * * * * *; * describes a case of * * * from a fall; and there is also a case of * * * from a maternal *. There is * * * injury, together with clotted blood in the * a fall of the mother: * describes a * * * *, * had no * *, and there is * * * on record. * The modern records are much more * * * on this subject than the older *. * * of a * down a few weeks before * *. * * * and the birth was easy; but the infant was found to * * on the back, * from the * * across the *, along the back of the humerus, * a short distance of the *. Part of these * * and part * *, which shows that * * * is as active in utero as elsewhere.
* about the genitalia * * be expected to * * * influence on the uterine *; * * many instances reported in which the escape of injury *. * * of a woman, * * * * * across a chair, * * * and causing * * * *. There was regeneration of this * * * term. The * * tedious and * * * a half months after the *. The mother and the * * *. * * death in a pregnant * * * of the vulva. * * * instance of * in the fifth month of her * *, * * * * of a * * * from one of the steps by which * to the roof, in the act of * * * * *. * suffered a * on the internal surface of the * * long and * *. She had * * * of blood, and had * * to the vagina * the bleeding. * made a * by the twelfth *, * * * * * *. * * * * *, during a * with her husband, * * * * between two *, * one of them over, and causing * * * * long in the vagina, close to the * *, there was a * of blood, and * * *. * * * * three or four months *, * * *, the maternal * * due to the * the pregnant *, * * * * * * fatal hemorrhage. * describes the case of * woman, who, while in the * *, * *, * * through the vagina by another *. The child * * days later, with its * crushed by the * * * had entered the vagina, carrying the clothing with it.
There are some * cases of recovery and * * * * injuries from * * *. * * a woman * *, * * *, * *, who was * by a cow through the abdominal * * * *; * * * into the *, * * on the ground by the * *. * * * consisting of a * * * above the os * * to the left and upward, * * the great *, the descending and * * of the small intestines, as well as the pyloric * * *. The great * * * * *, * * * of two * *. The intestines * were not *, but there was * of blood into the abdominal cavity. The * * and an * * was made to *. The intestines * outside of the body for two * the great * * * * * over the chest * interference with the efforts to * * * * * * * * *; * * was produced by * * *, three and a * after the *, and in * minutes the * * replaced in the abdominal cavity. The edges * *, and the wound *. * * was placed in bed, * right side, and * * *. * * * on the ninth day, and the wound * * * * * of penetration. * * * * * * *, * to relate, was delivered of a * * * two hundred and two days from the time * *. Both the mother and child * *.
* * of a pregnant woman who was * in the lower part of the abdomen by a cow, and had a subsequent protrusion of * through the wound. After some minor *, * * * weeks after the *, and the * * in natural * of a healthy, * *. * * * blood was found on the * *, and the clothing * *, so that the wound must have been made by the side * * * the greatly distended abdomen.
*, * also by *, * of a woman, *, * * in a dark * with some * * in her * * * in the abdomen * above the * * * * cm. long. Through this * a mass of * size of a * *, *. Both the mother and * made a good *. * * * instance of * * *, * *, six months *, who was * a cow; * intestines and * * through the * the uterus * *. There was * recovery and * *. * * * * a woman who in the * of
1860, when * six months *, * * by a cow, * * intestine and the omentum * through the * hours after the injury * was found * * * * a compound solution of * * *, with a * *. The intestines * cold to the touch * *, * * and replaced. The abdomen * * up with a * * * * *; * * * * * * * at the full maturity of her *. * of a female *, six months *, who was * * *, * suffered a * * * long and * * just above the umbilicus. Through this small opening * of intestine *. * * *, and the * could be readily *.
* * * pregnant women are often followed by the * *. There seems to be no limit to what the * can successfully *. *, who has collected * on this subject, as well as on * * during pregnancy, which will be considered * the account of a woman * *, * *, who was * * under a * *. * * * about the head, * being used in * *. * * * *, * * * * * child, and both * *. * the case of a woman * *, * * * * from the top of a * * * * *. * * * * symptoms of fracture of the base * skull, and the case was * *; * * * * * * * * * * * about the head, neck, and *. Two days later * * * * * * *, * * months after * * of a healthy * * pounds. She * * after the * * of a *.
* has collected the results of * during pregnancy, and * *. * * * instance of * in the eighth month of her first pregnancy * * by many pieces of lead * fired from a * but a * *. Neither the patient nor the child * from the *, * * *; * * on the fourth * after birth without apparent cause. * * instance of * tolerance of injury in * *. * * six months of pregnancy the * * * through the abdominal cavity and lower * the thorax. * * penetrated the central * * * * * in the lung. The injury * * * pneumonia and peritonitis, and the wound * * the lung by free *. * *, * * birth to a healthy * * * * * * * in a pregnant * from which * portion of the * *. * * the patient made a good *, * * *. * describes the case of a woman who had * to the knee * *. * was attacked *, * spread over the whole body with the * the head and neck; * * * * * * *. * * * of a * * * by her *, * * * * *, * * * * *. For three days after the * * * * * flow from the vulva. * * * * * there was no interruption of the normal course *.
* * of a woman who, * mistaken for a *, * * by her husband with a * *. * * * second and third * * * from the sternum, * the right lung, and * at the inferior * * *, about three * below the spine; * * * * * through a * *. * * * * shock, but made a fair * at the end of four * * with her first child at the seventh month. * * * was delivered by * of a *. The mother at the time of report was * and free *, and was * * *, which was * * *.
All the cases do not have as * an issue as most of the foregoing *, * in some the results are not so * * be expected. * * *, *, while in * month of pregnancy, * * * * * on a * was delivered of a normal * child, with the * * helix of the left ear * * *, and had, * *, a deep *, which also traversed the * * *, and continued over the * toward the * * *. The external auditory meatus *. * * of a woman, * * *, * from the top of a ladder, * * * * * from the vagina. She had * * * * *, but there was no deterioration of general health. * *, which was *, a strong boy was born, * * below the middle, at which * a white * *. * * and the * * * * * * relates the instance of a woman * *, * * * * * * * * * *. After a * of the legs * * and made a good * reported the history of a case of a woman who, * * term of pregnancy, * * * * * *. * * * uterus, and a * child with a * the parietal * was found in the abdominal cavity. * of a * * *, * *, * * * by a young man * by her side in a * * entered the abdomen * * above the * * * *, a little to the * of the anterior * process, and took a * * * *. * * * * but no * * followed. In * * * * of a * child with a * in its * * normal and the internal * *. * * the younger *, gives a remarkable instance of * * * *, the mother of four * with the fifth *, who was struck on the * by a * from a * *. * * * *, * * * * * * her to *. It was found * * had been ruptured and the child *, for in * it was delivered in a * *, * * * * * * through an * * * * wall. The * made a good *. * * of pregnancy is that of a woman * * * months in her * *, * * * * * * * by a * pain in the region of * * * * * *, * * * *. * died in a few hours, and at the autopsy * found that * had not *, but that the pregnancy * * * of the spleen, from which * * * * * of blood. * * of a case of * * * a woman * *, * * * * * *. * * * for four * in the fourth * * *.
* had a case of nervous * in a woman, following a fall * * * month of pregnancy, * at term * birth to * * that was *. * * * * * * * in utero. The * was in her * * * * of a small but * * * *. There was * * in the abdominal *, through which the * the intestines * and were *. The opening * small that he had to enlarge it with a * to replace *, which was dark and congested; * * the wound * *, but the child * *.
* * * has collected excellent statistics of operations during pregnancy; and * * * has done * *, * * * operations on the pelvic * * * * to have been * in pregnancy. *, * * * *, makes the following * * *.
Pregnancy is not a general * * *, as has been *.
* of the * surfaces is the rule, and the * *, formed during the earlier * *, is strong enough to resist the shock of labor at term.
Operations on the vulva are of little * * mother or *.
Operations on the vagina * liable to cause severe hemorrhage, but otherwise are not *.
* * * warts are best treated by *.
Applications of * * * * may be safely made to the vagina. For such *, * * * * be used, * or in * *.
Operations on the bladder or * are not * * liable to be followed by *.
Operations for * * should not be done, as they are *, and are liable to be followed by * and abortion.
* * may be done in the earlier months of pregnancy with * * of a safe and successful *.
* * may be treated by * * *. * *, there is likely to be a subsequent *.
* * * toward the close of pregnancy will cause *.
Carcinoma of the cervix should be removed at once.
A few of the * on record of operations during pregnancy of special interest, will be given *. * * * * * on a woman * at three months, with * birth of a living * at term. * * * * during pregnancy, in * * these cases, * on the fifth *, on the * the other * *. * * * a mortality of only per cent; per cent *, * per cent * * at full term. * * * in which ovarian tumors were * * * * without the interruption of gestation. * * women, a *, * * * * over time, and * * ovarian cyst, the pedicle of which had become * fluid in the cyst * *. * * * * during pregnancy * * *. *, * *, * *, * in size, and * * *, * * * * * * * * * from the * cartilage to *. At the *, * * * * * * * * * * hours after the *, * *, but the child was lost. * had a case * performed on a woman in the sixth month of * interruption of pregnancy; * had a case of * * * * at term; and * had a *. * * a case of vaginal * in a patient * a half * *, with normal * at full * * * description of a woman * *, * * month of pregnancy, from whom * * * * * * * * *, * recovery and continuation of pregnancy. * a case of obstruction of the intestine during the * of gestation, * symptoms of * * *, in which he * * *. Recovery of * * * *. * * * * 1887,
contains an account of a woman who * *, * * * was performed; * * * days, and did not *, which shows that * to the intestine with * * * * * *. *, * *, * the kidney of a *, * * severe and * *. * * the kidney of * * *, * * *, * * this or subsequent pregnancies. The child * *. * * * * instances of * * *.
* describes an * of the eye in the second month of pregnancy. * * * instance of a woman * * months in her * *, * breast and * * without interruption of pregnancy. *, *, * * * *.
* * of the removal of an enormous * cyst of the omentum without interruption of pregnancy. * * * cyst of the ovary with extensive * * *, removed at the tenth week of pregnancy and * without any interruption of the ordinary * *. * * * instance of a woman who was * at the sixth month of pregnancy.
* * of a successful * during pregnancy; *, one of the arm; *, one of the arm; *, * through the shoulder * for an * *, * delivery and recovery; and * * * * * fracture of the arm, * * * * * *. * * * * of a * * for malignant disease * * during pregnancy. The patient, who was * * in gestation, * * *.
* * a case of * * in the third month of pregnancy with * *. * * * the femoral region, and there was a safe * * *. In the second month of pregnancy * * * * * causing acute symptoms and * * * interfering with *. * * * * * * instance of removal of * of the vulva * pregnancy, and says that there are many cases of * of venereal * without any * *. * * * * * * * and third month in two cases of * * * women. The first case * * * *, but in the second case the * * died and * * *. * operated on a * fistula in the sixth month of pregnancy * * of pregnancy, which is far from the general * * * * * * * * * * * * *, * * * both the fingers and * in a case at five months and the * * to term. * * * a double * from a woman * and a half months, without interruption, * * * *, * * * from the bladder * * in the fourth month of pregnancy, and * * * in the seventh month. * * * * * of a tumor * * from a pregnant * * *.
The following extract from the * * * * * illustrates the * * * * * *.
* * * * * * * *, * * cases where pregnancy and * * *, though the uterus of each patient had * to the abdominal *. In two of the cases the * * * * five years before the pregnancy *, although the bands of adhesion between the fundus and * must have become * * * so long a period, * * * encountered. In two of the cases * was used, but not on account of uterine *; * * * *, and in one of the two * * was delayed. The placenta * * * * * * * * *. * * progress of pregnancy in several of these cases. The * not increase * in its posterior *, * *, so that, as might be expected, the fundus * itself from the abdominal wall. Even if the * * broken down they would of necessity be so * * * * for their original purpose after delivery. * * could not share in the process of *. *, the uterus * * *, it is * its original * before the onset of the disease * * *.
The coexistence of an extensive tumor of the uterus with * does not necessarily mean that the product * will be *. * * of a case in * * complicated with fibroma of the uterus, * * * at term. * * a case * complicated with a large uterine fibroid. * * at full term, and although there was * the mother *. * describes a case * tumor of the uterus * *, but not * weeks after delivery. * * a case of * * tumor of the uterus occluding the cervix. * * of symptoms of eclampsia * was performed * *, followed by * hemorrhage. The * * peritonitis and collapse, but the * * *. * * a case of pregnancy * * * * * of the uterus. A living * * at the seventh month, * was performed, and * *.
* * * of a * * * days after labor. * * the removal of a large * of the uterus * * * * *. * describes the * of a large * two days after the delivery * *, *, * *. * * a case of * of the uterus during pregnancy which was * * * of the child; and * * * of a tumor * * * after delivery. * * of a case of * with both uterine fibroids and measles. * * a similar * to the foregoing are too numerous to * taken from *, shows a large * * * of a pregnant *.
There are several peculiar * * * * previously mentioned * * a place *, *, those of * surrounding the fetus. * * * * * membranes from the vulva several weeks before * * * instance in which there was a * * during pregnancy not followed by *. There is a * in which an accident and an * dose of * the fifth month of pregnancy were followed by rupture of * sac, and subsequently a constant flow of watery * for the remaining * months of pregnancy. The * at the time, and was born in an advanced * *, * *, * months after the *. * * * months after of carcinoma of the * * * instance of a woman who * * * * * * * 26th, and * until the 11th * *. At this time, as she *, * * * that there was a watery * the vagina, * proved to be * *. * * *. The discharge *, * size increased, and * of the child continued active. On the 18th * * * * *' * was born. It had an *, * *, always of * * * * *. * * shortly after. The daily * was about * * * * *, * * in all. The * of rupture of the membranes long before * * * * *.
* * of labor * days after the flow of the waters; * * one of * *; * * * of a case of rupture of the membranes * * *. * * * instance in which * * months after rupture of the membranes, * * * *. * * of rupture of * * at about the sixth month of pregnancy with * interruption of the completion of gestation and * of a living *. There is another observation of * * * * days after * of the amniotic fluid. * * * * * * * days after rupture of the membranes. * the history of a double collection of *. * a case in which there was * of a * * * the rupture of the membranes. *, *, *, *, and others * * premature rupture of * without interruption of pregnancy.
* * * instance of the membranes * expelled from the uterus a few days before * at the full term. *, * extrusion of the fetal membranes at the seventh month * while the patient was taking a long * * * retraction, and normal * at term. * of a case in which Nature * * * * of the placenta * * hemorrhage, the * one of placenta *, * * * *. * * of the detachment of the * without the interruption of pregnancy.
* gives a unique example of normal * at full term in which the placenta was found in the vagina, but not a * * membranes was *. The patient had * * * * * months of * *, * time there had been a daily loss of water from the * * and was * her work. There was no * this was a case of * *.
Anomalies of the Umbilical * of the membranes has its counterpart in the deficiency of the umbilical cord, * * in old *. * *, * *, *, * * *, *, * * speak of it, and it has been * *. * * * development of a * * * of the absence of * *. * * an observation of total absence * umbilical cord, with placental insertion near the cervix * *.
There is * * * *. * * * * * * speak of a * *. * * * * *; * * * * instance of a * * * * * instances in which the * has been * *, and there is also a case reported in which there were * in a * *, each of them * * * *. * * gives the account of a most * * of a * alone, the fetus *. * *" * will always be a matter of *.
* death of the fetus is caused by the formation of * in the cord, * off the fetal *; *, *, *, *, *, and others * of this *. * * * * case of * which the cord of one * * * by a * * * of the other. Among others, * * * * of the * * of the bowel with the * * * *.
The diverse causes of * are too numerous to attempt * them all, but some are so * and anomalous that they *. Epidemics of * * * * * *, * * *. Exposure to cold * * of as a * the same is alluded to by the *; while another * * as due to * * *. There are several * the older * in which * are said to have *, but as * are not to be found in *, unless the * is very * * *, * * * but little *. * * gives the * * * * * *; *, *, * * * *; * * * as a plausible cause the * * *. * * * * as a * *. *, *, * * * * * the case of a woman who * * * * * to some *. * * * * following a * in the region of the * * of an * which he * * * * * to answer the * of nature, * * at all times in a state of * * *. * * * at the fourth or fifth * to the absorption of * * *. * * * produced by sneezing. * * * * * a woman * *, and in doing so * * * that she * *. * * * * as a cause of *. * * * * * * in a woman * her to the extent * *.
The causes that are observed every day, * * *, * *, *, * *, are too well known to * *.
There has been reported a recent case of * following a *, * * may be found in the * * * *, * * * as the cause; * are so many * * * * * * *, *, *, any one of which could be * in itself, that this is by no means a reliable * * * * this subject would be quite *.
* * speak of * abortion, and there have been * instances in which the hemorrhage has been *.
* in a * * does not necessarily mean the abortion or death of both the products of conception. * of the case of the * of a * fetus at * *, the living * * to the full term, * * delivered, the placenta *. * * * * of labor that the head of the child * obstructed by * body, the nature of which he was for some time * *. * managed to push the * * * * a living, * *; this was soon followed by * *, which was * *, * *, * * * * *. It is quite common * * fetus to be * * * at term with * *, * *.
* * of twin pregnancy, with the death of one fetus at the fourth * and the other * at term. * * * of twins, with one * * and the *; * * a similar *. * * * * at term, in which one * * * and the * at the fifth month * *. * * * *. * gives the history of an extraordinary case of * which one *) * was retained in the womb * *, the other having been * * at the * * *. * describes a case of twins in which one * from the effects of an * between the fourth and * and the second * at full *. * * * in which one of the * * about the *, * was not * until the seventh, and the other * * full term. * * of a secondary or * of the third month with fatty degeneration of the * * * with its * * at the eighth * *.
There was a case * * * of a robust * * * * *, and in * * * *. * * *, but, to her *, * * the symptoms * * *, and in * * * * the result of the same * as the fetus, * at the fourth *. * * * * * * * * of Medicine in which a * * at the third month of pregnancy and the other * * full term. The * * * * *, * * * * * * of the * could be * * and pregnancy * * *. * * * * pregnancy in which * * place at the second * and was followed by * * at full term. * gives a case of * by a natural * at full term; and * * * instance in which there was a * at the * and a birth at full term.
* in the * * of a most * * of a woman who had had a * * * *; * * pain and a * discharge. A number of * seen in the vagina, and the next day a mass about the * * * * away from the uterus, * * *, * * a number of dead *, killed by the * * * soon after the *. The fact *, * after their * the symptoms *. This case * a somewhat similar * * * * *, in which a * * eaten by a * are those cases * * * * * * in the uterus; * Hole, in which * were found in * and uterus; and *, in which the * * * * in the * * * * * *.
We can find * * to all of these in some of the older *. * * *' account of a woman * * * * * * * * * attached to * a live *, * * * it to death. * * * showing the * in situ. * * * * * a woman who conceived by a *, and who, * *, was delivered by a * of a * *, * an animal with a long *, * eyes, and * * says that in the * * * there is * work on "Diseases", which is not usually regarded as * * * * statement with regard to * in the * * * * * * develop in the * *, * * * is that the feces * * * * * that there would not be sufficient time during * for the formation of * of such a size. The * applies to * *. * * of these * * be found in the fact that many infants * * * of parasites with the first *. It is difficult * * to make of these opinions; *, with the exception * cases in some of the * * * *, there are no records in medicine of the occurrence * in the infant at birth. It is possible that other * * * pieces of mucus, may have been * * *.
* * *.
* *.
* * * * * we shall first consider those * instances in which * * * * and for some * reason the * * *. * women are anatomically * * * * * *, and pass through the * * * * *; but to the great majority * of labor * * with extreme *, * * victims of the present * * * *.
It seems strange that a physiologic process like * should be * by so much pain and *. * * primitive and natural state seem to have difficulty in *, and even animals are not free from it. * * * * * * * * the pubic bones of their * shortly after birth, and by some * * *, in order that these might have less * * it were, a modified and early * *. * consequence of this * * * * *, * * an old * *, had a *, * in their *" * * * said that for the * the women in some parts of * * * * * female children. * report is very likely * * this bone * * * * * *. * * *, in their * * * papers on the modes of * * * *, substantiate the fear, pain, and * * * * *, even in the lowest * *.
* view of the usual occurrence of pain and * * *, it seems * * exceptions to the general * in all ages * * the attention of medical * * * should be replete with such * * * * instances of * *. * records a birth as having occurred during * * * during an * *. * * * * * * in an * attack; and * * * cases occurring during the * * *. * * * histories of two *, * * * anticipating the event, * * * *, * *. In the first case, * of the * * the assertion; in the second, * suspension of the menstrual * accounted for * some months * developed in this case. * of a *. *, * * birth to * in her * at full term, and who two years after * * months. In *, a year after the *, * * of a healthy, * * of about * * *' growth in the following *: While at stool, * something of a *, * * * the external *, but she also found that when she * the tumor *. This tumor proved to be the * had been expelled from the uterus four days before, * * and membranes intact, but which had not *; it had passed through the os * * *, and had * * in the vagina * * * * it was delivered, * by the foot.
The state of intoxication * * record of several cases to render * * * *, as well as serving as * * * in the * *.
* * * * * * * has been discussed, * * * cases of * * * *. * says that none of the subjects * pain or were aware of the birth, and offers the * to facilitate the state of * it should be * * * * have occurred.
Instances of * * * during sleep, *, *, and similar conditions are by no means *. * of birth during a * *, * * * * during sleep. * relates the case of a *, * of several children, who on one occasion * * * *. * relates the instance of a * * in the * * *, *, * * * * * * * on the previous *. *, the doctor found that she had * * *, * the os * * to the size of a *. * * * suggested that everyone *, * * * * * * * he should be called. * *. * of the *, in great *, * * *: * * *, * y a * * * * * * *" and, to *. * *, * * * of a child * * during a profound * * *. * * minutes the * followed. The * was only twenty years old, said that she had * * was the matter with her, * * with a *, * *, * probably, the head * *. * * * with the usual *.
* * of a woman, * at term, * * into a sleep * * *, * * that she was in * and in *, and that * after a fine * * over the *. After sleeping for about four * * * noticed a discharge from the vagina. * * for a light, * * he obtained it a child * * * *. In a few minutes the * * the feet of a second * *, and the child * in three *, followed in ten * by the * is an * case in which * progressed to the * during sleep.
* describes the case of a woman * * * * birth to a robust * on the 16th * *, * * * *. * * * * *. * * * and was delivered under the following *: * * * on the * * * 5th and * * * * to sleep. * *. * * * necessity of * *. * * * * for the purpose. * at once * * * * * *, * him that a child was born * * * * for a physician. * saw the * in about ten * * was in the same *, * * * her to be * *. * examining the * * found a female * * *. * * the cord and * for the child. * * * hemorrhage and made a complete recovery. * * * * through the uterine * * * * *, * * *, and which * * * call for *.
* says that in he was sent for in *, * * * *, * * * * in a case of labor. * * * * * *. At about * in the *, after a partially * * was a sudden * of blood and water from the vagina; * * * into an * *. * * *, soon followed by the body, after which * * flow of blood, * out in several *. The child * * *, and was * * time in making *. Only by * did the * * *. * * * * to sleep, but soon after * * * * * to know what had happened. She had * * * in all. * * of a woman who, * * period for *, went into an extraordinary * *, and in this condition on the third day * * * *.
* * * a case of * * * * * * pregnancy. The * * * of her condition and was delivered * * * a case in which there was absence of pain *. * * a woman who * in a public * was delivered of a living * during a * * * *. * * * labor in a patient *. * * of the case of a woman who * of a * while in a state of artificial * * * * or injury to the child. * * * * * * * * * *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, * *.
* * * * * * * symptoms that are the usual precursors of labor often lead * * * * *. According to *, *, * a poor *, * *, * * an open, *, and cold *, was delivered by the * of Nature, * *, * * of her * * * * * against a wall, and * * * * * *, where it * for more than a quarter of * with its * separated from the placenta. * * * by the * of the infant. * *" is described a remarkable case of * * * * * *, who had been * by some * * * * * * in two, in the same manner as * by the lower animals. From her * * * * * * that she had * idea of the object of *, and it must have been * * * * * *. * * the wife of * * was delivered * * * while in a * * *. * put the child * * with some * *, * * to her * * a half * *, and after * *' * * * * * * * to her own *; despite all * * * the next day to thank * * * * *' *. There is related the history of a * a woman who was delivered of a child on a mountain * *, who took * * * * * the child up in * with the *, * * * * * *, * * * *.
* * a case, which he learned from the * * *, *, of a woman with * * * * * * in the *, * * *. They were forced to a * * of a *, and the *, * * * * *, * to a *, and there * * *. * * them to the *, * * *, * up in a *, * them to her back, and that very *, *, * with the *, and was none * for her experience. The next day the * * * * * * *, affected by the story, to repeat * * *, * * * to be * * *.
* relates the account of a woman who, having a * while in bed with her *, * to an *, as if *, and was there * of a child. * * * *, * * and her * not being noticed by * *. * * the child, "and * * *, and was * in the * *, * A similar * is related by the same author of * * * * * * *, * * * * lying in the same * with her *. * * * *, * took the * * to a * *, * * it at the bottom of a *, * it with *; * * * * on the part of her *. It so * that it * habit of the * * * * in at night * * a light, to ascertain * * was all right, and * * her secret *, * led to her * * * * * *.
* relates the history of a case of great * *. * * *, who was *, * * it, and * * pains to * *. * * * * with two other *, and, on *, * * * * * in question * * * * *, * * * *. For this purpose * * * * * * *, and as she * * down the child * * the empty *. It was only then that she * * * nature of her *. She did not examine the child * * * * * * * *. * * * * *, * * * an attempt to tie *. * * as a *, * took up the * with its contents * it to a * * * * *, * * * in a hole in the * that she * * *. * * up with * * * * * so that the * not get *. * returned to her *, * * * * at the stable. * * * * * * * * on a *. * the blood * *, * * * if she had * way with the child. *: "Do you take * for an old *" *, * * *, * * the blood * to the * * * *, * * up the child, which was about one * the surface. On the * of air, following the removal * * * *, the child began to *, and was * up and carried to its *, * * it and * * * * * * * it the breast. The child * * * exception of a *, and must have been * * * * minutes and no * could have reached *. * * that the child was born * and was buried in *, and only began to assume * * * * * * exposed to the air. This curious case was * * * * *. *, and is of *; it became the subject of a * * * *.
During the * * * * * * * an enormous * was assembled to see the * *, and in * was a woman almost at the time of delivery; * * she received in her * to obtain a place of * sufficient to * contraction, and, in an *, * * birth to a *, * * * * *. * pushed back and made way for the * *, * and child * * off, the mother * * *. * * *, * of a woman accused of * *, * * * * * on a single * with her * * * *.
There is also a case of a female * * * *, who was frequently * by her * * * * * it. On * * * * sent to * * *. * *, * asked the boy * * to stop and allow her to get out. * went into a recess in *. In five minutes * * seen to leave the * * * *, * *, a distance of a * and a half. * * * * to work as usual, and would not have * * had not a boy, * * * from the * * *, * * *, * * * to save the * * * * * she did not * * * * * * * * by the sudden birth that it must have been * *.
* says that one day, * crossing the * * *, * * * * * in the *, * * * women with large * * * *" on their *, coming from a * about four *. * one of the women * * for a *, and to his * dropped a fully developed * * the ground. One of her * ran into the *, * * *, for a * to divide the cord. A few of * * formed a screen about the mother with *, and the cord was divided. * * * *, * * * * to the *. It was * * * was the mother of two children, was * *, had not the slightest sign of * *, and was * * * * * * felt the child * *.
* * *, * * he was * * to see an * * who had * a child without the slightest * found the child, * had been * * *, * * * * body, with the * *. The native *, at the * *, * left the child *, * * to give it air. The * said that she * * * well, and during the * * * down a * of steps across a walk to a small * * * of her *. * a little *, she had * on her *, * * experienced a slight *, * under the impression that something solid and * * * contact with her *. * * * * * * * *, and then a female * * * * * * extended over * hours, and were * all the signs distinctive of *, * * * interest to the case. The ultimate fate of the * * *. * * *, * * he was called * a woman who was delivered * * * * * *. * found the child on the floor with its * * *.
* * the case of a woman, *, *, * * *, * * * in the abdomen. * * * * *, * determined to go to a * * she could be confined * *. She had a * * * to go, and when she was about half way she * in an * position of a child, * * * * * * * * in the *. Shortly after, * * *, * * * on her *, * * in her *. * the physician saw the * *, * well and free from pain, but * * *. The child, which was * *, * *, *, and normal, with the exception of a slight * the parietal * on the left side. The * * * * * from the umbilicus. * * * * *. * the intense * * * * * as to prevent fatal hemorrhage * and child. This case has a legal bearing in * that the child had been killed in the *.
There is reported the case of a woman * *, *, * * with her husband, * * * * *, * have been delivered by the * but for the timely * * *, * * *, who was * by, and * * * in her * to her * * *. It was to be * in a few days with an * * * of the *. * met an instance in * woman, who without the slightest * was delivered * * while standing near a * in her *. * * to the floor * * the cord about one * * *, but with * attention the * * *. * has an example in the case of a young * *, who was * * of a child * * *. The cord in this case was * *, * * * * *. * * the description of * who died from an injury to the head caused by dropping * * at an * time, while * was in the *; * * * of a * * on record.
* Places of * * *, the other * positions in which a child may be * are so * * * mention of only a few can be made * * of a painless labor in an * * *, * * * * * *, and while * * * dropped a child. She never * * *, * * * * * over a * road to go * * *. * describes the case of a * *, who had * * * *, who was * the tenth time, and who had * * * * she had an attack of * * * * pregnancy with constipation. She had * * * * returning to * * * * * * * attached to the stool by a band. The child in the * * * and was separated from the woman, who * * * * * * * later. The mother * * of the delivery. * * * in a *.
* * of a woman * * who had a * of nature while in bed, and while * * * * birth to a * *, *, * on the floor, * *. * * * *, * * with it for some time, * *, * * *, * to a hospital with the * * arms, and wanted to * *. * * * * * * of the placenta, * * but little * * *; * * and her * * * *. * * instance of delivery in the * *, * of the * at the placenta. There was * * * a newspaper *, that a woman while at stool * * * * birth to a child which was found * * * *.
There is a * * on record in which a child was born in a * * * * *. The mother was * * * *, who had * * children, the * years before. * * * to have * * *, and among * * was the use of a * * applications for inflammation of the womb. The escape * * for two days was considered evidence of the * * ovarian cyst. At the end of two days, * * * * * * * and an * * *. While in the * * * *, *, * *, to the * * * and her friends. The child might have * had not * * * * *.
Birth by the * some cases in which there is some * to the delivery of a child by the natural *, * of nature * * the product of conception lead to * *. There are some details of * by the * in the last * * * and others. * * * of a woman * *, * * * * * there was a congenital absence of the vaginal * *, * along the *, * at a *, just inside of which was * a fetal *. * * patient and delivered the child with *, * * *. There was little hemorrhage, and the * * * * *. * months later, * an unaltered condition of the * * *; * absence of the vaginal *, and, on * * along the anterior wall of the rectum, * * *, communicating with the vagina; above this point * and the situation of the parts * *. * * * birth to three * children, and * *. * * * *, * * * in the * mind, and had never * to her, of her *.
* * * * delivered by the anus after rupture of the uterus; the membranes * * by the same *. In this * neck of the uterus * cartilaginous and * * * * parts. In seven days after the * * * * * * *. * * * of a woman who * * *, * * the vagina, the other with the rectum. She had * * and had become * in this *, * * * *, created a * * * * * * * * * * * * * *, etc.," for which he was * by the * * by the *. * described a young * who had * *, but who * * by the rectum. * * * to have connection with her in the * *, by the rectum, which, however, * *, and at term * * by the rectum * *. * * of a case of pregnancy in a woman with * *, who was delivered at the seventh month * *. * * * * instances of * * *. * describes a case of * * tubal rupture and * into the *, * * * delivery by the rectum. After an attack of * *, followed by hemorrhage, the * * * * to empty the rectum. The fetal * * * recurrence of these symptoms * the patient to go *, at which * * blood and a * *. * * to remove the offending * * *, and in * * the leg of a *. * * to a hospital, where a * * * * * * the rectum. The rectal * * *, * * obliterated, and the * left the hospital *.
* * * * there is * * during labor, with birth of the * the opening. * * a case of rupture of * with birth of a child between the vaginal * * *. * * a case of * * *. A successful * was performed * * * *. * * of the passage of an * a central opening of the *. *, *, * * * * through a * * alteration in the sphincter * or the *. * * of Women" * * of a * left by * of an infant through the *. *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, and others * the birth of children * *.
* Through the Abdominal * gives a very peculiar instance in which the abdominal * * way from * exerted by the fetus, and the uterus *, * * to be extracted by the hand from the umbilicus; * made a * recovery. In such cases * * * means of * * (which will be * *, but rarely, as *, *. * * * * rupture of the abdominal * during labor.
There have been * reported in which the * * has been *, as well as the * and the sphincter * all the appearance of a birth by the anus.
There is an account of a female who had a tumor * between the vagina and rectum, which was * * *, * proved to be a * *. * * * considered a rather * case, in which the uterus * * * *, the fetus * * * the abdomen and * extracted from an *.
Birth of the Fetus * in the * says that an infant can rest in its * several hours after * loss of life. * * a pregnant * * * lived in their * * an hour. * * observations of infants born * in their *; * * minutes; the other two * *; * * the membranes * cut and air *. * * history of a case * * * * at the * was the birth of twins * in their *. * * opened and, together with the *, * * * * *; there was, however, a happy *, * * and living. * * * * * * * have been *, one in a woman * *, * * * * years, and who had had * in her * * life and a recent *. * * * * * * * * *, after a short *, by the * of the *. The membranes had not been ruptured, and still * fetus and the * *. * * *, the fetus * * on the waters, *, *, * * * * *. * continued to live, and a day * the breast and began to * *. * * weeks it * * *, and at ten *, *, * * * weak and *. * has an instance of a * enveloped in its * * * *. * * opaque and * thickened, and * with a pair of *; * * were made * the child, but to no *. The mother, after a *, made a good *. * * * * * * at birth, the delivery following a *, in a woman * *, * for a second * * of a case of twins, one of which was * in its *.
* * was called in great * to see a patient in *. * reached the house in about * minutes, and was told * *, a woman * experience, that she had * * of the * from the womb of something the like * she had never seen *. * thought it must have * variety of * *, and had * * up in *. * proved to be a * * in its *, * *, * having been * together and *. * * * to rupture the membranes, and the child, * * * * * * for over * *, began to *. * * for over a month, but eventually died of *.
* * * at the end of the seventh month * rupture of the fetal *. * * * speak of * the entire * at the full period of gestation. * * case of * * * *. * * * of a * fetus without rupture of *.
* * reverse of the foregoing are those cases in which, by * of the deficiency of the waters, the birth *. * causes can be stated for such *, * * is referred * for them, the subject * * *. * * * of it, and * * * * and tells of the difficulties of such *. * * a case of labor without apparent *, * * effected by the forceps. * * * * case in which there was prolongation of *, with a large child, and * absence of *. The case was * complicated with interstitial * * and a * *, combined with * position of the occiput and * of the * * a case of labor * * *; * * * without any * *. * a case of the absence of * * associated with * *.
* * Death of the * * are those * cases in which the delivery * * * the death of the mother, or when, * *, * is saved after the maternal *. * * * of a birth in which * was performed * * * * * *. *, *, *, *, * *, *, *, *, and other * * * cases of *. * gives a most * case. The patient was a * * who had * * previous normal * * * * * she had * pains and * * * *, *, after a careful examination, * * * *, * * was told, to her *, * probability of *. * *, * 13th, the * * *. * hours later * * * * with each *. * * * a fatal * * * attempted to * the patient * *, * * in her efforts, and then * * * to the fetuses, and, one by one, * * * * * space of five minutes; the last * was born * after the * death. They all * (the first * females), and they * * * *.
* attention has been directed to the * of accelerated * * labor in the *, in order * * may be saved. * * * * papers on *. * * * * * the child * * in the death * of the mother. * * * from both the * * * * *. * * * * * * * dead and the *. * * * * * * channel in place of * section in cases * * * death, and * * this question * at the International * * * * the question of * * in this country.
* * the history of a woman * * who died in her * pregnancy, and who was delivered of a female * * * * *. * * * * on the child, * * * * from the death of the mother to its *. * the history of a woman * *, who died in * month of gestation, and who was delivered * * *, * * * being used. The operator was * * Cesarean section when he heard the * * * *. * * the extraction of a * * * after the death of the mother. * * * statistics on all varieties of *, * cases of spontaneous * * * * death of the mother.
* states that in * * * * * * * of a * in the mouth of a * * *, * to prevent * of the infant, and there * * * on record, * most of them * * performance of Cesarean section immediately after *.
* records the death of a woman who was * * * her husband * *, and on his * * * * * body, and on * the coffin * * * * *. * * * * * *. * * * under the name of * * * *" * the curious instance in which * * * * * of a woman * * * *. One of * returned to the grave, * * * to the * * * * * * * *. * * * * * *, and together * * to a * * *, * that the grave be opened. When the coffin * it was found that a child had been *, * * to her *. * *, to this day, may be * * * *: * * * * *, * * * *, who was found * of a child * * * * hours in the grave."
* * relates the case of a * woman, and that some time * * * * * in the *. The coffin * opened, and a living * * * to the * the corpse. * * the birth of a living * hours after the death of the mother. * * * * * * * after the * *. * * * there is a record of an instance, in
1759, in which a *, after the death of a woman * * * to deliver, * that she * a movement * * and found a child * * * *. * * *. * * says that while the body of the mother * * was being carried to the grave, a loud * * to come from the coffin and on examination a live * * between the * arose the *: * * * *, * * *.
Other cases of * * are less *, the delivery * * * * for the child to be *. * * * * was that of a pregnant woman who * by a * * * While still *, * *, * * * said to have dropped from *. The second case was of a woman * *, * * * * in a *. Some months after, when the * *, * * * was found by the side of the * * of a woman who died * *, * * * placed in a *, * days later a * * * were found on the *. * * * * *: * * * to deliver a woman, * * * hours after * * * * to such * as to * * *, and a male *, *, * * from the vagina. * * of a woman, who died * * *, *, * * * *. * * * * in the corpse * * * * * * * was found * between the * * *, * * * * * instance of * * * * * * advanced in *, * * * * * * * *. * * * signs of *. * relates the * a child on the second * after the death of the * * *, * reported the case of a woman * * convulsions, and * hours after * * * * * *. * writes to a friend of a * * * between the thighs of a woman who * * * acute disease. * * that of a woman, * * *, a child * * * * was born at * * of a woman dying of * * * * * *, two days later, issued a child. * * case of a woman * * labor in * * * * hours after *, Cesarean section * * * * was delayed, and * hours after a * * *. * * * * of a child * * open and tongue *, which was born * * * on the way to the grave. * * *, * *, relates the story of a case in which * * on a woman * *, who died * * * * *. The body * *, and a * of the womb * * * above the cervix was * the body of a * * * * between the thighs. *, * * of a woman who was laid out for *, and on removal of the covers for burial a child * in bed with her. * is credited with the description * death of a woman * * * failed to deliver. * *, * coroner had the body *, *, * * *, * * * * was found * * lying on the lower *, the cord and placenta * * from the mother.
Some time after * * * found between the thighs of a * * * * * * had been * * relates the history of a case of a woman * * * the movement of her * for the fourth time in the * *. In the following * she had *, * symptoms of inflammation in the right lung following, * * * death on the 31st of the month. For two * to her * she had failed to perceive * *. * was kept on her back in a room, * * *, * * hours, the members of the * * her to * * * on her * was no * * * distortion of the * * *. When the * * * * * * * * *, *, * * * * which they * for a * *. * * *, a few hours before *, the men * * the swelling they had seen the day before. A second * it to be a * * *, * lying between the * * with the mother by the umbilical cord. * * *, * * was called to examine the * with negative *, though the signs of death * * * for a woman * * *. * * the body of the fetus confirmed the * * * * * * *. * * * * that the mother was in a * at the time of delivery * * *.
* gives the instance of a woman * in pregnancy, *, who happened to be * several days *. The body was in an advanced state of *, * * was found in the coffin. It was * that the * * in the * * * * the fetus from the * * of a woman * * *, who was * with rigors, headache, and vomiting. For a week * to do * * work, and in addition * * her husband. * * * without having * * or any * indicative of *. The body * * hours after death and was seen to be *, and the abdomen *. There was no * from the genitals, but at the time of raising the * * it in the coffin, * fetus, with the umbilical * from the vagina. * seemed to have been a * in this *, * * pressure of gas * the fetus as well as the uterus from the body. * * is the view taken by * and others in the * * * *.
* * of the * are on record * cases of children * in the uterus during pregnancy, and * * * * have been constructed from * *. Quite possible, however, and * * are the cases in which the child has been * * * the progress of * is, during * * of infants * in the womb, and attempts * explanation of the fact. * * * * * in reference to this *.
* * * * * * * * * * *. * *; * * * * * * * * * * *. * * * * * * * * * * * *.
* * * examples of the child * in the uterus. Cases of * * *, * in the vagina, * before the complete * of the head from the os * * numerous in the older *; and it is quite * on auscultation of the pregnant * * * * * * * *. *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, * * * speak of children * * * * relates the instance of a * * * * be heard * * from the *. * * the subject of infants * * *.
* describes a case in which he * states that a child * * in utero * application of the * compared the sound as though from a * in the *. * was in the uterus, not in the vagina, and continued * during the whole of the five minutes occupied by *.
* * the legendary history of Cesarean section is quite *, it is very * that we * records in the * of the older * * works of *, *, *, *, * * * relative to records of successful *. *, * says that * * was the * * the second of the * * * their lives to * * Cesarean section; in his * * * * * * was born in this way, the fact * origin to *. * * this and say that his name came from the * of hair which he *. It is a frequent subject in * *, and there are many * of the birth * * Cesarean section from the corpse * *. * tells us of the birth of * in the *: * * * the house * *, daughter of * * * in great * * * to take * * body of the mother the fruit of seven *. * * we know, * *. *, according to the * * *, had been excised from the * of his * *, who was * on the * *, by his *; and from this * * products of * * regarded as * * *, and were thought to have * * * * *.
* * tell us that one of the * * * was delivered in this way, and we also have records of the birth * * *, * *, by this method. * * * to have been * * * * * *, the father, after the * of the physicians * * *, *: "Save the child by all means, for * be able to get * *" * * * * * to have been delivered in this way after the death * *, * *, who was killed by being * * *. * * * * *, "who was * * * * *" must have been such a * * *, * * *. * * * said to have been taken from his * * * *. * * Transactions, in the last * accounts of Cesarean section performed by an * and also by a *; and there are many records of * * performed by * *, * * *, * * of the * *.
By the advent of antisepsis and the * * * and others, Cesarean section has come to be a * * * a record of the successful * * hardly be considered * * * interest, and would be out of * of this work, but a * of anomalous cases will *. * * a case of Cesarean section on a * * * *, * * * * * * *. It was the ninth * * to the * * *, only the third *, and the first * one in *. * * * * * * * * * * *. The hygienic * for the * not of the best, as the * lived in a *. * * performing the * was determined * * *. * * *, and in * the case was *. The child was a female of * * * * deformities of its *. * * * and a half *, when it died of * * represents the mother and child.
* * * account of an operation upon a * * who was * by a large man, a * * * * * * delivered by the *. *. * * account of a * * in the case of * * * * *, in which both the * * *. * * of twins * * * *. * gives the instance of a * at full term of a living * by this means, * * also found a * *. * * behind the stump of * cervix, in the * * *. The patient * *.
* * a case of Cesarean section on a * * * at full term, with the delivery of a double * * *. * * consisted of * of about the same size, * from the * * * *, * * cord and one *. It was * * was made * * * * * * * * *, * * that this was * * Cesarean section for * * * *, and added that in * * * * * * * *.
Instances of repeated Cesarean section were * numerous, and the * of the * *, before the uterus * at the first *, as is now generally *. * two sections in the same woman, and * * * * in which the * * * * * * the same *. * * * * * * * * *. * * a case * it was * performed on a woman with a * * * the second * * * * twins; the children * *. * * * instance in which * * were performed on a patient, both of the * being in * *. * * a similar * * * account of a * * * on the *; in the first the child *, but in the second *. * * * instance of a woman * * gives a similar *. * * * * * * * * * four times in the *; * * a case in which it was * * * * * * instance in which he * * operation on a woman four times, with successful * * mother and children, despite the presence of peritonitis * *. He had * * * * * * * cases in which Cesarean section * * performed with successful * as regards * and children. * * a number of * from medical literature.
Cases of Cesarean section by the patient * are most *, but may be readily * if there is any * * * of the * * done in * *. * * account of a successful * performed in his * preservation of the lives of both mother and child, * * * * *, * *. The young * * on in the * manner, the hemorrhage * * a hot *. * * were made by means of seven *, * *, * *, * * and skin. The wound * * * days, and * made a complete recovery. * * describes the * * * woman who, * unable to bear the * of labor *, took a sharp * and made a deep * * * enough to wound * * of her *, * the child, placenta and all. * * * *, * * the wound up in a manner similar to the * bodies are * at the present *.
* gives the instance of a woman who, on * * by her husband after a previous * *, * to free * the child, and * * * * * * * * * side of the abdomen with a * *. * * the patient was * * with blood and to * *. * * * * * from the abdomen * the mother, who lived * * hours. In * * * * * * of a young * * * * * uterus and extracted * * * * * days; the * *. * * * * * *, *, in which the * * * * *, * * * *. There is * account of a poor * * *, * * *, *, * greatly from the * * * to open * abdomen and uterus. * * * * * up the * * she had * the child, and * time of report, several months later, both the mother * were doing *.
* * the case of a woman * *, in her * *, *, * * *, * * * * * *, * the uterus, and * out a male * * * * * * long, and extended * * above the umbilicus * *. There was little * bleeding and the uterus was firmly *. She did not * * for three hours. The child was found dead and, * *, * * by her side. The * * * by the * * that they * *, or possibly * might have been saved * * of the *. * * arrival of the * * * done, and * *.
A most * case of * of pain and * was one occurring in *, * * * * * * *. A young woman, * *, at full term, * *, * *, * her own * on the left side * * * such as is generally used in *. * * * inches, and was * * * *. * * the uterus in the same *, * to extract the fetus. To * the extraction, * out an arm and * it, and finding the * *, * cut off the head and * * *, including the placenta. * * a tight * * body and * the fetus in a * *. * * * * * to her * *. * * * * * went into the * * *, * * * * * * * in blood as * * * was not *. * * *, * * *, * * * with an attack of vomiting and *. * * *. * * *, * relate the * * * * from the * of the * which the bulk of the intestines had been * * past six hours. The abdomen * *, * * * after the * day the process of healing * *, and the * made a * * * * to hide * *.
* like the foregoing * no more * than those on record in which an abdominal * has been *, *, *, * *, and the fetus * through the * * of a case in which a * was born * * made by a * * in the * *. * a case in which the wound made by the * * * large to permit the * *, but it * * through the opening. * * of a * *, who in the eighth month of her * * * by a *, * * * a transverse * * *, * from one * * to the other. * was found * * * and with an *. The small intestines * lying between the thighs * * coagulated blood. In the process of *, * * * * * through a * * *. * * was treated with the usual * * * * *. In a month * * *. * * * without any * except that due to a * on the left side. The child * at the end of *.
In a very * * * * * has collected nearly all the remaining cases on record, and brief * * of them will be given *. * *, *, * * * * by a * *. * * * open, and the child and membranes *. * * * * * * * upper lip and * *. The mother * * * hours of her * taken from an * * * * by a * *, possibly the same case. *, *, * * * * * by an * * * month of pregnancy; the * entered the * *, * * from the * *, * the uterus. The right arm of the fetus *; * * enlarged and the fetus and placenta *. * of a woman who was * by a cow * * *, * * and child * * delivered and *.
In the * * *, *, * * * * * by an * in the superior portion of her *, * * * * * * * the uterus in the *. *. * * * * * * * * to take charge of the case. While they were * * delivery by the vagina, * *, in an attack *, * the line of * * * *, dead. On the * day the patient was * * * * at the end of the * week. The * * * health and, although she had * * *, * * * * *.
* * * instance of a woman * *, the mother * * children, who * * * * * * * *. * * were not torn, but she * that the child * out, and * * it in her *. * * seen by * * * from the place of *, * * to her house. The * * and the child * from the *. A physician saw the * of an hour * and found * * * *. There was * but not * of blood, and several * of intestine * * *. The womb * * * through the wound, * * was still attached to the * *. * in the uterus * *. The mother died in one and * * from the * of her *, but the child *.
* * * instance of a woman * years old who was * by an * * while in the ninth month of * pregnancy. The * entered at the anterior * process of the *, involving the * * *. The child * extruded through the wound about half * after the occurrence of the *. The cord * * * * * * *, though the mother * * * * * * story of a * * * to obtain water from a stream and was cut in two * * * * over. A passing * * to move in the water, *, * *, * * be a living * in its *. It was * * * * * * * for some time after.
* * * possibility of * a child * Cesarean section after the death of the mother has * for a long time to the students of medicine. In the * there were * * * the opening of the * of pregnant women shortly after *. * * the first *, which was called * *" * * times there were many such *. A full * * * is on record. * was believed * * * of six months or over, and, as stated, * * * * to have been born in this manner. * *, who on * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *" saw the light * * by a happy * operation on his * * * * * * * *. * among others the case of an infant who was found * hours after the death of his mother. * * * * * * * * * discuss this * * of a case in which a child was delivered * * of its mother, and some of the older * * * * of the * in the * * * * *. * * of the delivery * * after the death of the mother * * * * *.
* * * * examples. In * * * * * * killed by *, and the next day the * opened by * command and a living * * * * * *, who was * to death at a * * * * said to have had a living * * her body the next day. Like all * *, * * to be false, * her body * * beyond the * recognition, and, *, * was only four months * * another case of a young woman who * * * * * into the *. Her body * *, * * who was present * * * from a * * * * a living * in the presence of the *. * * this subject * * * * * * * * *.
* * the successful results of a number of cases of Cesarean section * * * *.
* * * * minutes after death of the mother, * * * * * * of St. * * reports of cases of Cesarean section * death with the following *: * *; * signs of life; were born *. * * * for any length of time. * * * * * * * * minutes after death, they may * *; * from six to ten *, they may still be *, * *; * * ten to * * will be highly *. In a great number of these * * * * or dead in one *. Of course, * death is sudden, as by *, *, * *, * * are better. * * * * *, and we are safe in * * * indicative of * *, * * the old reports of death * * some time before *.
* is credited with * showing that in * * * signs of life, but only *.
During the * * *, *, * * at the *, was called to an * *, * lying in bed near the end *, had been killed by a * * * the base * skull and entered the brain. * * the child * * and it * for several days. In another case a * * from a * for a distance of more than * death resulting; thirty minutes at least after the * the mother an infant * *, *, * *, * * * * * * * states that * may take place * * * or even an hour after the death of the mother, and he * an extraordinary * * * of a successful * * hours after the * *; * woman, who * * *, * * * * * * *.
* records the case of a successful Cesarean section * minutes after *. The patient was a woman * * * * month of pregnancy, who was * * *, * * * in ten *. * * * * * * Cesarean section was performed * * * * *. This infant * * * * of a *, but it died in * hours in * * * birth and * *.
* * of a woman, nine months *, who was * * by a * * * in the * * *. * in about * minutes, and in about * * * * * was extracted from her * Cesarean section. * a similar case in the * *. *, * *, in 1829;
but in this case the child was born * five minutes *. * * of a case in which the mother * * of the aorta, and in from * * thirty minutes * * *. * comment on this case * * * * that he * it possible to save a child * * the death of the mother. No less an authority * * of a case in which a child was born * an hour * * of the mother. * relates the history of a woman * suddenly in *. * * was made * * * death, and a male * about four * * * *. The child * * * * * *. *, after numerous and persistent * *, applied for about two and a half *, * * established and the child * * * a successful instance of removal of the * the death of the mother * *.
* * * account of a woman * * which is of special interest. The mother had become * * * * cessation of *, and a uterine * * * * * of the * at this * *. * died, and one * later a living * was extracted * *. There are two other * * * * after an hour * * from the death. One is * * in which the extraction * * hours after *, * * *, and the other by * in which * * * * *, when the child was taken * *.
Cases of rupture of the uterus during pregnancy from the pressure of the contents * * of the fetus by some * are found in * * medical literature, * to have been of special interest to the older * * a case in which the uterus ruptured and * * from the vulva. * * similar to * recorded by * is also found in the last * *. * * *, * * * of the *, * * examples of the uterus * in the * of pregnancy and the mother *. * * * of rupture of the uterus occasioned by the presence of * fetus, and there is recorded the account of a * by a * * * * * way into the abdomen. * * accounts of cases of rupture of the uterus with birth * * and the recovery of the *. * * * in which the uterus * * by the feet of the fetus.
* has an account of a * case in * in which * * from the pressure of the fetus; and * * illustrates the * * * in pregnancy by a postmortem examination after a *, in which the stomach was found * * * and lying under the left *. * * * * of a case of premature * * * in which rupture of the uterus * * the fact that the case was * * *, the patient *.
Rupture of the uterus and recovery does not necessarily * * * pregnancy and delivery by the *. * * * instance of a ruptured * * * * * * * from whom * * * * * * section and who was * * * * * * about one year *. Analogous to * is that of *, * * * instance of a woman * * * five times of dead *; she had a * pelvis and * * * * at the eighth * * *. In her * * she had * *, and, in *, * * * in an *, but she * and had * *.
Occasionally there is a spontaneous rupture of the vagina during the process of *, the uterus * * * such a case in a woman who had a most *; * * * * * quite extensive, * * made a good *. * * * * * * of the *. * * * * * * * was neither * * * *, * rupture of the vagina * place with the escape of the * the abdomen of the mother, and was * * * * section. A * of this case was the * from the uterus, * * or other * being attempted and the uterus * *.
In some cases there is extensive sloughing of the genitals * * * * far beyond *. * * case in which the whole * *, yet to his * * *. * * * speak of recovery * cases after loss of the whole *. * * * a most * case in which a * * * from an impacted *. * * *, * * stature, and was in * a long time. After * of the parts * and progressed to such an * in one * there were no traces of the labia, *, *, or anus. There was simply a large * from the * * to the *. * septum, the lower portion of the rectum, and * of the bladder * *. * * * * * * great difficulty in * * * * the rectum. A similar * * * a woman * * who was * hours in *. * of the uterus * into the vagina and the * * * *. The lower part of the * between the labia; in the presence of the physician * * * out and it separated at the sphincter *. * the parts a single * * seen, as in * *, from the * to the *. Some time * end of the intestine * * inches and * on the * surface of the rectum. * * * to support the rectum and prevent * of air. * of the parts * * complete and the opening * * to bring * view the whole inner surface of the pelvis, * of which, after prolonged *, the wound * * * and health *, except as regards * * feces and urine. * * * * two months without * the other functions.
There are cases in which, through the * of the * or the physician, * * organs are * * and extracted. There have been instances in which * uterus and its *, not being *, * * *. * * * instance of a woman * * was in her * *. * * * * * * did not * *, * at the * * at its *. * * introduced her * * * * proved to be the whole of the uterus, with * ovary and fallopian tube, a portion of the round * the left tube and ovarian * attached to it. A * of omentum * from the vulva and upper part * vagina, and an enormous * * *. * saw the * * *, * * * * * *. On the * *, after a *, * * able to drive to the * * * distance of five *. At the time of report, two years * months after the *, * was in * * * into the statistics of such cases and found * * of the uterus in the * * *. All but three of these were without a * * * inversion of the uterus.
A medical * * * * * * because he made a similar *. He had * a woman by means of *, and, after delivery, * * * * * *. This "tumor" consisted of the uterus, with the * to the fundus, * *, a portion of the *, containing one ovary and about three * * * * was not *. * * case, with *, * * *, and was reported by *. * *, * * * *, * out a * * *, together with the uterus and the whole *, from within cm. of the pylorus to within cm. of * valve. The * * * * of an * the intestines had been found in the * (where the * * *, * * * * * * * * instance in which a *, in her * * * *, * * on the cord, * * *, ovaries, and tubes, and * the vulva and * far as the anus.
* * the story of a * who was four months *, and who, on * * with severe * * * *, succeeded in * the fetus and * * *, * the uterus in the *. There is a case * * * * *, * * *, *, * * * * by her father, * * in a * *, * * * * * *. * * * * * * pains, and * *. On his * * * * *, with her * * * * * * *. * * * * * while standing *, with her * on the back * *. The child * *, * with it the * as the * * the child fell to the floor. * * * of the womb * *.
It would too much * this chapter to include the many * incident to *, and only a few of * * be given. * * rupture of an aneurysm * * hemorrhage, the entrance of air into the uterine * sinuses, and common * will be omitted, * * * like those of * *, *, * are several other cases that deserve *. * * instance of separation of the * * * * *. * separation of * * discerned at the *, and in addition the * * also quite *. * * had not been * * in the latter part of her pregnancy. The child * * and had a large * in a remarkably advanced stage *, with the * * *. * *, * during the passage of the head the * to such an extent that * * * * *. The mother *, and had * * * *.
* * a case of the separation of the pubic bones in *. * * a case of fracture of the pelvis * *. * * a most * * patient, it appears, had a large * on the body of * *, * *, * * through the walls * uterus and bladder, resulting in death. * * * of death from perforation of the uterus in this * * such an *.
* * * instance in which there was * of the liver * *; * * records a case of * the spleen after labor.
* is an operation consisting of division of the pubic * in order to facilitate * * * *. * * * a most remarkable * during the * years. It originated in a suggestion * * in his work * * and in was first performed by * * * * body in order to save the child, and * *, * for the same purpose. In * * * operation on the living, * * was the one * *, *, * * * * considered to be the first *, * * is very * known as the * * * time to when the * * * *, it had been * *, with a * * per cent. * * *, * * * * * *, * * *, * * years had * * * with a mortality of *. Owing to * * *, the last * * * showed a mortality of only * * * * was only per cent. * * of this operation is quite *, and is * reviewed by * * *. * * *, * * * * with a maternal mortality of per cent and a fetal mortality of
28 per cent. In his * * * * cases with
2 maternal deaths and * *, * * * 14
cases from the * * with no * death and *, * * * * *, two days *. All the modern statistics are * *.
* * a case in which the * attachment of the fetal head to the uterine * * * * * impossible, and it was necessary to perform *. * * region of the child * to the * of the neck of the uterus, * connected by * * * * years old, and the child * * *.
Delay in the Birth of the Second * twin pregnancies there is sometimes a delay of many days in the birth of a second * to such an extent as to give * * * * of one * two months before the other. * * of a delay of * days; and there were * * * * in the last *, one of which was * days, and the other * * interval of seven weeks * * of the *. There is an old * on record * there was an interval of six * * * * * account of three * in ten *; * a case with an interval of ten *; *, * * days; and *, one of one *. * a case in which one * was born two months after *, and there was no secretion of milk * after the *. A full description of * case is given in * * *, as follows: A woman, * * * * labor in the eighth month of pregnancy. * * * * *, *, though not fully *, *. There was * in her *, * she could * * * of another *; * * increased in size. * * she had * *, and a fully developed * * was born, * * than the first. On the * after, the breasts * enlarged, and * * *. It was noticeable in this case * * * * * quarter of an hour after the *. * * * instance of * *' *; * one of seven *.
* * * instance of a * * *, the mother of four children, who was taken * about two * * * *, and was easily * of a *, * * well formed, with * *, * * the birth the mother * * * * * *. * * * to be dying of *, * * days the mystery * cleared by the birth of a *, * * *. * mother and child * *.
* describes the case of a woman who was delivered of a healthy * child, and * * * until the * * * day, when * * set in, and * about the size of a * * were born. In this *, * an example of *, the patient * * recovery and the first child lived. A similar * * * * in which a woman was delivered * * * * *, of a * * * * *. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * days after). * * * was delivered of twins, a boy and a *, * *. The placenta * of the consistency of * had to be * away with the hand. The mother and * *. * * was the mother of ten * * * of this *, and at the latter occurrence * absence of pains and a very easy *.
* had a case with an interval of seven weeks between the *; * of two months; * * * days; and * with an interval of two months. * * * * * * * four days *. * * *, * * a woman with a * * * * * * * *' *.
* * *.
*.
* * * is a much * subject, for * * medical and general * it is * * * as well as in * *. * was a question that came to * * * of legislation to prevent the increase * and the physical and mental deterioration of * * in a population * as regards * * * * * into a terrible * reports that the inhabitants of * * * at the age of two months before a * *. The strong * * * preserved and the *. * * of the * * * * *. With great * *, *, * * * * of the *. With the * * * * * diminished, and * * *, * * to the people * * * * * children. The old * were so * of their * * * * * on a * in the *, * * that the * * * * * * * * of their *. In many of the Oriental *, * population is often * excessive and * *, * * of the lower * * destroyed. At one time *, * * in the *, were given the *. * * * females the * *, and the number of the * and dependent * less. In other countries * * * * ability to support * * to sell * *, * * to raise them on condition that * * *.
* Law, and the Influence of * the increase of the * *, * circumstances may for the time *, a general average of * *, in the long *, *. In the history of every * *, such as *, *, *, *, * * * * * the average of *; * * * * * *, * *, which will more than compensate for it. The * * * * * * * * * * * been given * *. In such * * much less frequent; the * are separated from * for long periods; * women are left *; * * in excess of the males; the excitement of the * * desire for sexual intercourse, or, if there is * *, * * * * *; and such * as these, coupled with many *, * produce an * * upon the * * * of the country. The resources * *, so far as * *, become less as the * * is prolonged. * * * * * following example of the influence of the war * * * * * * * * * * * nine months, so as to show the time of conception: * * under normal * the number of * was about
16,000 per *. During the war * * to about * * on the cessation of * * * * * *, while the actual return of the * * * * * *. The maximum * * * *, when it was The war * seems to have * * without any great influence, the * * * * * * * * *, while the * * * * * * * * * * * * * 41
down to * * * the war had a * upon the rate apart from the mere absence of the * shown in the fact that immediately upon the * * * * * *, although it was * before the return of the *.
*, * * on the influence of war on the *, says that in * * * * from 18.2
to while the * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * to 14.9
in * * but in the two years after * * * * * * the highest * * * * the rate * * * * and then * * the highest * * recorded in *.
Influence of * * * * * are always * *, and when we * * * * * * *" * the small * of their large * * have no * * * *, * emigration from * by many * sons and daughters, * * * the superior * that the * *, will not * * but to a certain * increase the population, * * of overcrowding, following the * * *, * a return *.
The effect of * * * * *, * * * *, is not so great a factor as *. * * * * * * * * in the point of * their location is quite *. * * * * * for their *. * * says that from * 12
was the usual * number, and some * as high as * 30.
According to * *, * * before the * *) * * * * * quite common. The * * * * * * * blessed with *, * * is still noted for its *. * * difference in this respect * *, * * about the same *, and the general average of * of the * * * nearly identical * nations. Of course, * must be made as to the * * * *.
Ancient and Modern * is there * difference between ancient and modern times. * * in the * *, *, * * of the * * * * * *, *, and other * *, * to 6
children * * born at once and living to *; * * * * * shown in the * * *, they were * *, of which * * * in the present day. The ancient * * * * * larger than those of *, and were smaller in * * * *, and continued * until the * *.
* * * * * *, *, according to a * *, * * * * * the father who has a dozen children * * * * * states that, stimulated by the * * * or more are not rare, the results of *. * * * *" * * * to the conditions of the law, and one, * * * * * *, * * as his *, * * fact that he was the father of *. * * * * * *, had been presented by *, a woman not yet * years old, * *. * * twice in the space of five years and * * * * time. It is a matter of * what the effect would * such a premium in countries with a * *, * * * *, * the foregoing, * * * * at home like their * * *.
* Explanations of * * explanation of the causation of the remarkable exceptions to the rules * was similar to that advanced by *, * * the greater the quantity of *, the greater the number * at birth. *, *, uses a similar reason to * causation of *, grouping them into two * due to deficiency of *, such as the * * those due to excess, such as the double *, in his work on the "Nature of the Infant," * * * are the result of a single *, and we are * that each * has a *; so that both * * * * * *) were known * *. In this * it is further stated that * may be male or female, or both * or both *; * is formed when the semen * thick and *.
The greatest number of children at a single birth that it is possible for a woman to have has never been *. * * it as his opinion that one * * * no more than * at a single *, * reports of * above this *; *, who is not held to be so *, * * there were * records of as many as at a * the ages in which * distortion of * * * * *, all sorts * accounts of * are found. * *, * *, * * *, who has done some * * * research on this subject, * * * *, * * * * * * *, the wife of *, * * * children on * * * * case of * *, daughter of * *, * * *, * * * * * * *, * to have occurred just before *, * * *, * was at this time * years of age, and at one * * *, *, females, and *. They were all * in two large * * * * * *, the males being * *, * *. During the last century the * were still * in the * * * *, and most of * * * * out to see *, as they were * * * * * *. * * * ascribed to * of a poor woman who, * * in her *, * * * *. * was not only * *, * * by being told that * * * by different * the poor * * * to send the * * * as there were days in the year. There is room for * as to what this case * was. There is * that it was simply a case of hydatidiform * * *, elaborated by an * * * *. * late as there was a woman of a * * who was reported to have been * * *, of which were * two months later.
* * that the proportion of multiple * is not more than per cent of the total number of *. * *, * *, give the following * * of cases of * in which there were or more * *.
*, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, * * *, * * there were cases of * cases of at a birth.
The most * * * regard to multiple * are those of *, * * * * * to his *, * occur once in *, once in * *, once in * supplied by the * of Health of New * * place the frequency of twin * in these * in every *, while in * * occur once * *, a proportion * twice as *. Of 150,000
twin pregnancies studied by *, * * both children *; in slightly less than * * * *; * * * both sexes * *.
* records of * at a birth are extremely rare and * in proportion. * * * in excess of 6
must be * on with *, and, in fact, in the * of reports are *.
* examples of multiple * of a single * will be taken up under their * *, * examples of * *, together with the *. * * * * * * prominently in history, and, in fact, * * *. * instance of the * * *, and their * *, on which * the fate of * *, * familiar to every one, * strength and * * with the *.
Twins and *, * quite common, will not be considered here, although there are cases of interest of the latter * *. * * instances of *; * * there was placenta and *, *, * * was the same; in the second case, in which the sexes *, there were *, *, * * significance this may have is only a matter of * describes a case of * in which one * * *, the other * lost their * * *. * has recently found that * * * * * in multiparous women between * * years of age. * seems to be a factor, * * predispose to multiple *. * * * * * uterus with * *.
* * * to occur once in about every *. There are * recorded in the Index * * * * *, *. S. A., up to the time *, * including the subsequent cases in the *. At the *, * *, * *, * period of * *, mostly in the last *, * * one case of *. The following * of an * the birth of * is given by *. * * * *.
* was called to see *. *. *. *, * * * *; * her in * and at full *, * * me that * *' * * * *. * * * * * of a * *; * * there were *, * * *. * *. * * * of the second * * * *, which was *, *, and feet * *; * placed in * * * *' * * * *' * * effort by * * * * * * * *' The third * was born at * was the smallest one of the four. * attempting to take * *, to my * * found the feet * *. * *. * * was born; the head of this * * * at the lower *, and it was with a great * difficulty and much * effort that it was *; it was blocked by a mass of placenta and cords. * * * its own placenta; the second and third * *; the fourth * also a *. * * * * the aggregate * * *; * * *; the second *; the third * * *. *. Page is a *, * * old, and has given birth to *, * * * *, * * by her * *. She has been * * three years, and has had children in that time. * * on her each time. Page is an *, small, with *, * * *, * weighs about *. * * *. *, *, *, * * * *. * * * to travel and exhibit themselves in *, *. *, * * *, * on to *, *, * * spend the *.
There is a report from * of the birth of * * at one time. The mother, a woman * *, * *, * *, * * * of the * *, *, *, * seven years, *. * * at the second *, and at full term was delivered of 2
males, *, *, * * * * *; and of *, * * * * * *, *. There was but one * no more * or hemorrhage than at a single *. * * *, * * years old, and was * * *, * * *. The Journal * *, a newspaper of the highest *, stated that * end of *, * * * * * * * * girls, and again, in May, * * * *; the mother and the children, born within a period of *, were doing * at the time of the report. In the * *, * * the wife of a * * * at a birth, * *. * * * * *, * *, * birth to *, by the * * by the vertex, * * * * * *. They were nourished by the help of *. * * * * at a birth, * * each, and all nursing the mother.
* are quite rare, and the Index * of the Surgeon * *, *. S. A., * * *, * a few of which will be given *, together with * * in the *, and from less * * *. In the year there was one case of * * * and another * *, *. In both of * the children were all * and had * * *. * * of a healthy *, *, * birth to *, of which *; * * * at birth * * * *. * discusses the idea that * * meant to * than one * at a birth, * as his * * of the double nipple and *, to which might be * * * occurrence of *.
* *, in a * * in the *, *, a poor * * birth to * * *. In the same * * the birth * *, *, * * * * *, all of whom * * and were *. * * * * instances of * at a birth, and * that in the * * * there was a woman * birth to * * four different *. * * *, * of the birth of * * * *. * males and one * were born *, * to the same placenta; the others * * to a * * * * *. * * * instance of 5
at a birth. * far from *, *, the wife of *, * * in the * * *, * *, and within a year after * * * *, 3
sons and *. There is a similar * reported in
1827 of a woman * * *, having been * * two years before, * brought to bed with *, * * *. * * * * * * * *, they did not seem to have *. The mother was * *, * *. * * *, * * *, * *; during sleep * * * very low.
* * before the * * * fetuses with the *, the product of an * at the *. * * * * * * birth to 5
children; and about the same time * reported the birth * *, *, * *. * * * * of the birth of *, * * *, * * of a * * * * records the birth *, *, * *. * * * * * *; * showed a * *; * * was born by a *, as was the third, * * * by a *. The combined weight * * *, and of the * *, * * * soon after birth. The * * *, * of a woman * * *, * *, * * males and *. Although they were * *, * * * * until the following *. * * *. One of the * had two * * * *. * * * is the * mentioned in this case.
The following * * is given * * * to illustrate the difficulties * * * * * * reported the case of a healthy *, * *, * * high, and of * *, * * * * in the seventh month of pregnancy, * * * *. * * mother had on two * birth to twins. The * * had been * * * and had * * at full term, having no * *. When she * * * * computed that * * * * six months, and had had * * to the unusually large size of her *. * of fixed pain in the left side of the abdomen * * * * * * *. * set in * * * * * * * * hours. After the * the membranes the first child presented by the * * * performed; the child * * * after the birth of the first child * * of more than one * *. * * * * * with each *. * was a transverse one. In this case * * * difficulty in * * *. The child * * of hours. The third * * * * * * *, * had to be ruptured. The child * * * and was delivered *, * * for an hour. * * case the membranes * * to be ruptured, * * *. * was at once *, * * * * with that of the remaining *. * * difficulty and considerable delay in * *, though the extent of * was not at any *. The child * * (recently). The fifth * by the head and was delivered *. * * * an hour. The placenta was delivered * five minutes * birth of the last child, and consisted of two * * a narrow *. One, the smaller, had two * * * * together; the other, and larger, * * * in a similar * and one where it was * * *. The organ appeared to be perfectly *. * * the fourth * * * * that it had to be * * *. The children were all females and of about the same * a total weight of *. The mother * * * * *.
* records of * are, of course, * *. There are few * * *, and but * cases are on record in the United States. * *, a woman * * was delivered * *, *, and only a little smaller than usual in size. The * not quite twenty years old, * * * * * lived long enough to be *, * * * * * *. There was a case a * * * * in 1844.
In *, * a woman was delivered * *, * and, together with the mother, * well. In 1885
there was reported the birth of * * *, *, * only one *. * *, *, * *. * * * * * birth to children, the mother * children all * *. There were * * *, * were all *, well formed, but rather *.
* * * * which is * by the Medical * without giving the authority. * *, * * from the account in the Medical *, * * *: * straining at stool on the one * * day of pregnancy the membranes ruptured and a *, * * having been * before the *. * * delivered by the *. * * * and found * with an enormously distended abdomen, * * * * fetal parts; but no fetal * * * *. The cervix was only slightly dilated, and, as * * *, it was agreed to wait. On the next day * * ruptured and * * * * on the umbilical cord * *, to check * * * * * in the uterine cavity. In this * * * * * * * * * *. Then, in the presence of the three *, * * amniotic sac was delivered with its * * had a normal *, and in the following * birth to *, * twins. The News * * * * * at birth; there were males and * for the there was only one placenta The mother, * the same *, * * years of age, and was * * *.
* * * * * * * the records of multiple * are of the greatest * and in modern * are almost *. There are several * * * * * * statements are generally worthy of *, * *, are of sufficient * at least * a place in this chapter. * * that he * * birth of seven * at one time; and * * *, * * of one *, * * *, * birth to *, of whom * *. * * * * *, *, *, wife of *, * birth to children in one day, and during * * * *. *, in his *, * * * of the King * * * * * * *. * says that in * * of the * * * * birth to eight * * * * and that it was the unusual event of the country.
*. * * * * *, *, * is reported to have given birth to * at one time. They * and living, * quite small. The mother was * * * and then * pounds. She had given * pairs of twins, and, with these * * *, * * children in six years. * * was a * * * and her mother were of twin * and one of * was the mother * pairs of twins. This case * * and was * *, * * * *.
* * * * of the * birth of * at one time. When several months * * * * * * pains and thought them a * of nature. * into a * to answer it, and there, to her *, * birth to *. * * * in a sac, and thought * * * died from * during growth. The mother made a good *.
* * * * * * * birth of * *. * * *, * * *, * * *, * *, * * * *, * * * and the second * *. * * * of this * * *, in which * * * * * down to her knees, and supported by * from the neck. In the *, History, and * * * *, according to *, there is mention of * * * was delivered * *. * *, * * of the * * * * * *, * well known in *. * * * * * * knew of a case in which * were born * * says that the * * * * birth to * * *. * * a case of * * at a birth. According to * *, * * * * * * * *, and who was * * *, was one of thirteen infants at * *. * *, his mother, * by her husband * * *, and during * * * *. * * suspected by the * and thought to be an *, and some of the * * to be the result of *. * * all to be *, but the * * upon the * this time and, moved * *, * * 13.
They grew up and *, * took the name of *, in the old *, *, * * say that *" * * to mean in the * *" or, in full, the interpretation would be *.
Cases in which there is a * of multiple * are quite numerous, and sometimes so often * as to produce a * size of which is almost *. * * * saying that he * the history of a woman who * four times. * case of * * * has been mentioned; * *, who may be * * * from his own *, says that the wife of the * * *, who lived in the * * *, * * * *. Within a year after * * * * * *; in the next year to *; in the third * *; in the fourth year to *, and in * * * *; in this * * * *. * * * * *, * *, was one of the *. This case * * * at the time, as * * * * and very well known. *, * * * *. * * gathered from the * * that the women of * * * * at a birth, and that one * * 30
children in *. * * *, from the history of * * * *, that a woman * *, * * * *, *, now called *, * * * * * * * forty years of age, and that she had had 3
and at a birth. At the * of the * * * * * * * * *, by one of * in the * *, * for about * * of this * was an * * that she * * * *. This remarkable * never had * at a birth, and * gives her as many as * * * a case of a woman, * * * *, who had children in * *. They were all * * * * and were *. As though to * * as to whom should be given the * in this case, * or the mother, the father * upon a *, *, * * * * *, * * * * * * * *. * * * *, *, * * *, * * * * *, * * * * *, developed the * * fact that she had * * * *, * pairs of twins.
According to a * * the wife of a medical * * *, * *, * years of age, was delivered * *. * read a paper before the * * which he * * * * * * to 1875,
and states that of the whole number in cases the * *, and in * * *, and in one case * *.
* * * instance of a *, *. *, * years of age, * * *, *, after the death of her *, * *, * living a month and the other * * * * * *, both of whom *. * * * *, * * * birth to *, as follows: * *; * *; * *; * * *; making a total of * * years, with remarkable * in the *. * * * confined to her * more than *, and the children were all *.
A woman * *, *, * birth to *; after a year, to *, and again, in another year, to * *. In the State *, * *, * *, * *, * * extract from a letter from * * * *, which is as follows: * * *, * * * *, * * * *, * * * * * * * sons and a daughter, * * *, and at this * more and a daughter, *" * * a woman who * birth to * * months in * *. The first *, * * at once, the other in five * * * *, * * * at the time * *. * gives the report of a case of a woman *, * * *, * * birth to * * *. * died after a few weeks, and in *, * * *, * * three and the other * weeks. On *, * * birth to *. The first child, * * *; the second, a female, *; * * *, *. The third * * * *, * * died of cholera * at the sixth * to the *. * gives the history * case of a woman * * * * of her fourth pair *. Her mother was *, but she had * *, * * * * was a *, and the other * *. One of * * * *, * *; * * *, * * *. A second * had a * *, *, *. The other * * * * * * in the eighth month of pregnancy. The name of the * * *, * * was the wife of a * *.
There are recorded the most * accounts of *, in which, by repeated * *, a woman is said to have * * * *. * * * to a * gives the following: * * * *, in the * * *, * * *, *, who was * * *, and has given * * * * *, * *. *. * * *, states that she has had * *.
* * * presented to the * * * * at the age of * *. He had been * *, * * * * * * * children, the * of 21
pregnancies. She had * four times, * *, * * *. By his * * he had * * times, and * *. This man, *, * father of children, and, to * * *, * * * * at the time of presentation. *, * * *, relates the instance of * *, * of the * *, who in at the age * *, was the father of *. He had * *; * * * * * children in *, * * * *, * * * * four times, * * a single *. * * * * children in *. * of the
87 children * *. The author * this case is beyond *, as the * * of St. *, as well * * *, * * * of it. The family * living in *, and are the object of *. The following fact is interesting from the point *, if for nothing else: "The New * * * * * * the following extract from * of a * * *, *, * *, * * * * * * *. The book was written * *, * * * as his * * * the following statements are to be found: At the * * *, * *, * father was *, * * mother was *, * married to her *, who was forty years old. * * she had * * *. * * * years after the *, *, * * * * two years, the * * *. * * *, * *, she had * * * * were all born in *, between the * * year of the * age, and at the time * * was written * * * years old * *. Of the children, by the first * and 52
by the second * *; the other * were still *. There were * in all.
* * by Single * number of children a woman * * * is therefore not to be * * seems to be almost no limit to it, and even when we * cases in which * * at each * the number, there are still * * * * *. The statistics of the St. * * *, * the number of children * * * * as from
25 to * relates the history of a case of a woman * * * * children, and there is another * which a woman * children, all *. * * * * * * *, * when she * *, * * children, all at * *, by one *, * *. The children, daughters and *, * * *. There was a case of a woman * * * * * * birth to children, all at * * in his "History of *" * * * the wife of *. * *, * *, as having died in her * year of * *; * * *. * *, as dying * * child, and, *, * *. * * * * * *, *, * * birth to * * *. *, a writer of great *, in his * *" * * *, * as a * * the wife of a * * * * * * *, all of whom * to be *.
* * * is to be seen at *, *.
* * the body of * *, * *, *, who was * * of his father, * *, * *, * wife, and the father of *. * * * *, * * * *. *, the wife of a *, * * *, *, was delivered * *, * * * *. She had * been confined * * * *.
It would be the task of a * * * * * * * in a man * * long life * * * * * * * prolonged period *. A man by the name of * * *, *, * time of the report had been * *. By his * * he had children and by his * making a total of
53. He was * tall and * to his * *. * already mentioned the two * cases in which * * * * *, and in * *" * there is an account of * * *, *, who had * a few years * at the age * hundred and *. He had been * * and was * * *, of whom * * at the time of *.
On a * * *, *, there is an * saying that * *, * *, * * * * being in memory of his sons and *.
* * * to have had *; *, * * *, and in the * countries the number *. * * said to have had * * * instances of and even * in the * *.
* there have been published accounts of the * experiments of * *, * * * * *, * have been *. * forty years of age and * *, * * * * * of the world, * women of different *; * a number sufficient for * *, * * * * *, * he is * * * * * with his * of females. In * years after the experiment *, the reports * * * father of *.
The following is a report from *, *, * * to the New * * *.
* * of the * * has been the subject of * * * *. A case has come to light in this * is one of the most remarkable on record. * *, * *, lives in the * section of this State. * * years old * * * he can make *, but does * to be over fifty. He has been * *, and by * * has had born to * *. By the first * * *, of whom * girls and * *. * * * he had * girls and *. * * * *. The case is well *.
We also quote the following, * to the * * *.
* it not part of the records of the * * *, we could * * the history of * *, * * * * years ago at the age of *. * * first in * * * * * * * 17
children. The first and second years of their * * * * twins. For four * * * * * * *. In the seventh * * * birth to * and died * *. * * a young woman * after his * * * babies, and three months later * the second *. *. * * her husband with 2
children in the first two years of her * *. * * she had * more to the family, * * * for three years * * * a year. At the time of * of the second * of the * * *. The 20
that were * did not appear to be any * to a young * * * consenting to become the third wife of the * *, * he was known as one of the * * * of men, although it * * * like a * * * * * * * *. The third *. * * * * children in ten years, and the * * of the * * *. One day, in the * of
1885, the father of the children was crossing a * * * * down by a * and instantly *. * * of the children are still *.
* * * * it seems appropriate to * a few examples of * on record, to give * of the * of the extent of *. *. * * * * * * *- * *, * * * * taken to himself * *. * * * * * had been * *, * *, * to be one hundred and * *, and had been * * * * *, * * * * * * in his * hundred and first year.
* * * * * as to the possible number of living * one person may have, * * * *. * * * * * *, * * * *, * * * * * *, * returned to * in his *, * * * * * * *, consisting of 197
persons. He had been * *, and by his * * * * * *; by his * *, * *, * * * *, * *. The youngest of the * years old and the * *. This latter one had * * * * * *. He had *, *, * *, *, all living. * * * * * * and in * *.
* *, *, there is said to be the following *.
* * the body of *. *, wife of *. * *, *. * * * *. *, * * *, *, * *, * *, a total of *, * * * * there is an *, * *, which records the death of the mother * *. * * * * * saying that she was the wonder of her sex and age, * * to see * * from her *.
The following is a * * "Notes and *" * *. * * * * and one of * * * *, *, * *, * *. * * * * * *, * * years of * * * *, * *, *, * *, * * died in the * year of her age, in May, * * of her own *, sons and *, * * had no *, * * youngest was * * *, * * *, in the *, * in the third, and in the fourth, * she could * say the same as the * * of one * * family of *: * *, * and go to *, * * * * * * *.
* * *, * *, * *. * * is the following *: * * the body of * *, * * * * * *, * *, * *, * * *, * *, * *, * * *, * * * *, * descended from her, *, * * *, *, in the third generation, and
9 in the fourth. * lived a most * life and died *, in the * year of her age and * of her *, * *' * * * *' *. *. *.
* * though not finding a place in this work, * * * *. * * * we may note the following: In the * * News, May is a * * * *" * *. * *, the property of *. * * * * * * *, born on * * being a * * *" There is * * account of a cow, the property of *. *. * *, * * birth to *, one of which was * * *, the others being about the size of * *, together with the mother. There was a cow * * * * *.
* * *.
* *.
* * * * from the earliest time, and many of the ancient * * references to them. * * * * *, * * who had the * * of a *; * *, * * * eye; or their * * * *, the men * * * * * * * * grow;" and the *, * * * * * * resemblance to those of a *. * of two or more * or double bodies are found in * * fairy tales of every *. *, *, * * *, * *, *, *, have all * *, although in * * *.
* * that the occasional occurrence of * * was a fact known to the * school, and * by a passage * * * *, in which it * * * * * interfered with when the infant * * * or double. There is also a reference * * (which are by modern * * *) in the * * *, in which * stated that "a woman, * * *, * birth to * at the same time, just as she has * *; * * are in a single *.
* Explanations of * the time of * to the * century many * reports of * * in medical literature, but without a * * *. There has been * improvement in the mode * * * * until the present *, * the Middle Ages the * were more * * * * * before the time of *. * * article on the * records of *, * the following * *: * * * never been the peculiar possession of the lower * * *, and the special * that have * the occurrence of * * have been * * * * * * of the past, the * * * times, and the * * of all ages. *, the literature of the Middle *, and the * of the present * all contain * * * * so closely resemble those of * * as to be indistinguishable from *. *, * as those of *, *, *, * * * *, but with less accuracy of description * * freedom of imagination, * beliefs of ancient * at the present time the most * cases of * *' are widely scattered through *; and it is not very long * * received a * * * member of the * * * * my opinion, * thought it possible for a woman to give * * *. Of course, * do not at all mean to infer that * * * * * * * *, nor do * that on such * the knowledge of the * * * with that of the average medical student of the * * * wish to emphasize is that, in the literature * *, there are indications of an * * defects and malformations of the human body * * * * even the * of the * * * * *.
Many reasons were given for the existence of *, and in the Middle * these were as * as the * * * interpreted as *, and were * * and examples of *, or even * * * *. * * * * invented or * cited as the results of * * * forms of * prevalent in those *. We find * * * of these * results of * * * of the older * *. According to * there was * as the result of * * between a woman * *, * * * in its upper extremities * * * lower extremities were the exact counterpart of * *. This particular case was believed by * * to be a precursor to the * * * * in the time of * * *. *, * many others cite instances of this kind. * * in the year in the * * *, there was found * with the head, *, hands, and feet of a man, and * of the body like that of a *. * * this case * * *. * * * * * * the name of *, who had connection with a female * * *, so that she * * * * with a * that of the father, but with the lower extremities * *. * says that the * to the father was * * * * of the * recognized it, and * * * who had * * *.
In the year * *, a very * * was born, * * * *. It had a head shaped like that of a * * long and * like an * *; the hands * * like the * of a *; and a * with a * *. It was * to be a male, and was * * * * * *. * says that the * of human * * is brought *.
By the natural *.
By the * of nature * *.
By the * virtue of the matrix, which in * and women * *.
*, in his * *" says that * *, * * *, * * of women, had * with an *, which in the process of time * * * * *, * became the * *. * * of the origin of the maiden *, or as * * *, as being from the connection of a man with a * * this in his *, and we know that * * * * *. * * was reported * of a * * mother had been covered by a * * * * and half *. One of the * * * * to have been presented with a * with the * part
of a *, and which could * * * in the *. * had been covered by a *.
* * * * * * birth of a * by a woman. It is quite possible that some * * type of * * * here in * * * *, * *, * *, *, * * * *, and even * *, by her * * statements that she *. Even at * * a day as this the * * * * so great that many * * in her. The * * *, and being detected in her * * *. To show the extent of * * * *, there are no less than * * and books * * * * * * * this case of * *. * * * * * report the * in this country of * * * * * * resemblance to * *. * many of the older cases of the * * *, * * *, could be * among some of our * forms of *. * has shown us the * results of the * man and * * * * of different species, * can only wonder at the simple * and the * of our *. At one * * * *, such as an * * *, were thought to * influence on * *. * * * * * * a great * of the sun, and that * began to bring * * * *.
* * * * *, there might be mentioned * * *, such as *, *, * *, * from time to time have been reported; even at * day there are people who * believe that they * * * * * in the sea. * * * a monster, * *, * * * * portion of a child * * * * six years * the lower part and * of a * *. * * * * in the same *, together with * examples of the power of imagination.
* * such cases as the foregoing, we find the * * * * instances of *, *, *, *, * * of a monster * * * * and two *; * * a double *, * of which * at the same time; * * * * * * food and drink * in its *. * * * says that he knew of a child * * * *, from the * *, was in all parts *.
The first * of a * * classification and * * * regard to the causation of * * * * * in the * *, * * * * crude and some of his * *, yet many * * * * are worthy of *. * the cause of anomalies of excess to an * * semen, and anomalies of * to deficiency of * *. He has collected many instances of * * * *, but has * * * * of some * * * *, such as * in the accompanying *, which shows a * was born shortly after a * * * *, * * * *, crest, and lower extremity of a * and a * and trunk; *, it was an *, and had * eye in the knee. * * * * * found in an egg, said to have been * * * * * * * * * * * * * of a man, with small * * * * * beard and hair. * * * * at this * even a man * * * * * * * * of these last two, or at least * * *. At this time * * * * *, * * * *. * * * * * born in *, *, * *, and with two sets of genitals, * male and the *. * gives a picture of twins, * * * in
1486, which * * * * back to back; one of * had the aspect of a female and the other of a male, * had two sets of genitals.
* * the first half of the * * * might be called the positive period of *. Following the advent of this * * *, *, *, * *. In their works * * * are given * * attacks are made against * * * *. From the beginning of the * of the last * to the present time may be termed * * * *. We can almost with a * * * with the names of *, *, * *, * * * * for by * * *. From the appearance of * * *, * has made *, and is * * on the road to * * * in hand with * it has been the subject of * in this *, and to * * * * * * who have * to bring about * would be a task of many pages. Even in the * * * much has been done, and a glance * * * * * * * *. Essays on * reference to *, have been offered by * * * * * with reference to *. * * have reported * success in * *, and even * branch of the subject * * *.
* are seen in the lower animals and always * *. * gives the history of a sheep with three *, born in 1577;
the central * * larger than the other two, as shown in * *. Many of the * of Natural * * of animal *. * * is a *; * * * * * contains the skeleton * * sheep with two *; there was an account of a * published in * * * found a * in a field * *; * * * * * * *, and there is one in * * *; * * a living * * * * * * * * * and many * * on record.
* * * * * discussion of the causation * * derivation of the *, * with simple history and *, * * facts of interest that may be suggested. For *, the reader is referred to the authors * * * of the standard * * *.
Many classifications of * have been offered, and each * * advantage. The modern reader is referred to * of the grouping of * * * * *, or those of * * *. *, we have * the following classification, * * only those * that have LIVED AFTER BIRTH, * * * * notice or * * * * *, * * * * * * *.
* * of several *. * * of two distinct * by a * *. * * * * * by an * junction of the cranial bones. * * of two distinct * in which one or * * eliminated by the junction. * * * * by a * * of the *. * * * * below the umbilicus into a common lower extremity. * *. * * *. * with a single body and double lower extremities. * * *. * * * *, * *. * *.
* * * * * were of the opinion that no cases of * * worthy of * * *, * * their time this has been the popular * * have ever *. * describes a human * * * * * heads and as many *. * of a * * * after birth * * * * * *. * * of a *, a veritable *. * published an essay on * * * * * * * * * formed of three *, but his * * that it was only the * of two. Probably the * of this * that we have was described by * * * * * had two *, on one of which * * * normal in *. On the other * * *, as seen in the accompanying * * * cases, and * * * a description of a case in * * * also on record some cases of * * * * will be * of later. Instances in the lower * been seen, the * * * *, * *, * *.
* * * * mode of *, probably the most interesting, as it * * longer life in *, is that of a simple * * * * * distinct and different *. * is generally in the * region. In * * a remarkable * * consisted of *, a perfect and an * *, * * * * by a band * * *. * *, described by *. * *, * to be * *; * * * to face, with their * 1/2
inches and their * * *. * * * * *, born at *, *, called the *. * woman who * birth to them * *, * *, immediately after * * * * twins, and * of this * took the conformation of * *.
Perhaps the best known of all * * were the * *. They were * all over the globe and had * benefit and * of a much * * to the * of their *, in which * * * * men of all * * *. * on these * * is simply *. * of material in the Surgeon * * * * * an investigator. * * volume in this * a book * *, *, * * of the *. It will be impossible to speak * * on this subject, but a short history and * * * * will be given: * * * were born in * *, * father was * * * and had * * and there * a woman * father was also a *, for the most part, they were of * *, * accounted for their dark color and * * mother was about * years old at the time of * and had * female children prior to * * *. * * * several times, * * * *. * * * history of special significance of *, * * * that the head of one and the * the other were born at the same time. The * * * at birth, and * * *, * * * was only with difficulty that their lives * *, *, * * *, had a * that such * * * * * to the country. They were * * * *, * * * * *, * * * * * * to the waist. * * the parents and * * to allow them to go * *. They were first * out of the country by a * *. The first * description of them * * * *. *. *, * * them in *, * * *, * At that time * * * 2
inches and * * * in height. * * the characteristics of * * * * * * * * * *, as shown by the *. After an *' * over the * * * * *, arriving at that * * * * * * * * on the same * * * to the * * *, *, * of causing the production of * * * * pregnant women. After their * * * to the United States and * * * * * *, * the name of *. * * of age * * * *, * *, * * years of age, *. * * * them to keep the * at different *, * * weeks in * * *. * * * * * *, * * * *. * * * trip to *, * to consult the most * of Great * * * on the * * *. It was stated that a * * * * * * * them to seek * *" * * * * most likely to replenish * * * * * * *.
A most * characteristic of these * * was the * * * * * for each other * before their death. They * * * * * * with the greatest *, and in this * their lives far more * than a * * * *. They both * * * * * of the * *.
* is a representation of the * * in old age. On each side of them is a *. The original * is in * *, * * *, *.
* * of the * * * * was discussed by many of the leading men of *, * *, *, * *. *. *, *, and many others * *, * reports and * * examination. These * be seen in full in nearly any large medical *. * * they had * * * arteries, and *, * * *, * * * *, * * * *. They were both * * * * * *, * * * * *. The point of * was about the *, a cartilaginous * extending from sternum * *. * * * * band and made the distance * * * from sternum * * *, * * most likely that during the early period of * * * * *. * * * very well the * the joining *.
* * * * * and a * * * from the * * * * *, * * *, *, * *, * * * * * an autopsy on the body, and, if possible, to * * made a long and most interesting report on the results * trip to the *. The arteries, as was *, * to have undergone * *. There was * * through the band, and also * * * *. There was * * of the * * * of the * cavities and the intestines. * * * * * coalescence of the * *, * * tissue and skin.
* * *" * *, shown in * * * similar to the * * * *. They were * *, *, *, and were the result of * pregnancy, the other * * normal. They were *, four years of age, and apparently * * *, except that, from the * cartilage to *, they were * by a band * long and *. The children when * each other * * * * or four * apart, and the * * * * * * sit on either side of the body. Up to the * it was not known whether the * * *. * * of these * was shown at the * * *.
In the * * *, * * *, there was reported a * in the form of two female children, * 34
inches and the other * *, connected by *. They were said to have had * and to *. * seemed to have had * nervous systems, * * * * the other did not * it, and while * the other * *. There must have been * *, * * given to one * *.
*. shows a mode of * * by which each component of a double * may be virtually *.
Operations on * * * of two * * at the * cartilage and the umbilicus, * * * * * thick, and * below the middle * was the umbilical cord, common to both. * * * *, * * * * * days, and then * * * * *. * each made * recovery and *.
In the * * * gives a description of two * * born in * * * * *, * * by means of a * and the * * by an *. * * * * formed by * of the * * and the umbilical * * * tissue and covered with skin. * * * under the * *, *. *. * * * * * * * * * *. * * formed in every * * * by their *. * had been for some time an object of great *, * removed by governmental *, being considered a * *. * *, *, at the * of the * * *, when one of them * sick and died. * * to preserve the other by separating * * * of his *, but he * on the third day * *.
* * * * account of * case of twins who were * * * *. An operation for * * * *, but one of the children, * *, * * days after; the other *. * * at an operation like this was in * * * attempted to separate * * * * * * * *. *, they were * and life * * of when the * *, * * *. * * * * *, * died of peritonitis on the next day.
* * * joined by a fusion of some of the cranial bones are sometimes called *. A very * of this kind is * * * * * were born in * * to be ten years * * normal in every *, except that they were * * *, causing them to stand * to face and * *. When one * *, the other * compelled to *; * * * *, and their * * *. At the death of one an attempt to * * from the * was made, but it was *, * * *; * * * * * * * the meninges. * said that in * * * instance of * * *, * * *. This case was said to have been * in the *: * *, one of whom * * with the * * *, * engaged in an * *, when a * * * *, * * * together with a *. * describes the death of one of the twins and * from the other, who died *, * * infection. There is a possibility that this is merely * of the account of the preceding case with a * as to the time of death.
At a * hospital in St. * there were born * * *, * good health, joined by the *. They were * that the nose of one, * *, * * * * the other; they had * * *, * * * * * *.
* * mobility of their * they could * lie in a * *, * sleeping on the side and the other * *. There is a report * of two * * at their * * their birth. With the exception of this * * well formed and independent in existence. There was * of the cranial *, * * fusion of * * covered by * fascia and skin. * seen a case of * at the occiput, * further details * *.
* * * class to be considered is that in which the individuals are separate and well formed, except that the * * is a common *, * * * in this location. The * * belong in *. According to *, * were born in * * back to back, and * their birth. The same * of a female * who was born with *, *, *, heads, and sets of *, and was * * * * *" * * *" * * *, *, * Their names were * * *, and their parents * * * *. * * to have been * at the hips and the * * * At the death of one it was proposed * *, but the remaining * *, *, * * *, we will also * together," and, after about * of this * *, * *. * * * * of the * and their * * * * * *, at the present * * * * * *, with the instructions that the money * * * in the distribution of * * * * * *, to be given * on each * * * * * *) and also * *, * * proportion, to all the poor in * *. * * * description of these * * * of which shows the *. * gives a very good * * *; and a writer * "Notes and *" * * gives the following * relative to the *.
* * *, * *, * *, *, there is a distribution, according to * *, * * *' * * * *, the cost of which is * * * of some * * *, * * * *. * known as the * * * *' About the year
1100 * * * * * *, who were * after the manner of the * twins, and who lived * *, * dying, and then * followed by * * * hours. They left by their will the * * to and their * * * * * * * * * * * * as they *' * * are simple flour and water, are four * * * * wide, and are much * * * *. * are given *, are distributed at the * * *, and are nearly in number. The * * amounts to * * * pounds of * distribution is made on * belonging to the *, * the Old *. * * used to take place in *, immediately after the service in the *, * * of the * * * used to * * * *. * * used to be filled with * * * * * * * * * * had to use their * * * * * * *. * * of the * * * are of a primitive character, and are made by * cut in * bear the date * * * * * * to have been *, and also * * *, * *.
* * * up about all there is to be said on this * *, and his discussion of the case * * as well as * * is so * * * will be *.
"It may be * that the date * for the birth of the * * is so * as to throw * * * * of the occurrence. The year was, it will *, that in which * * was found * in the *, * the arrow either of a * or an * * *' According to the * *, *' preceded the death of this * * *. * it is recorded * * * * * * from the earth at a certain * * * as many * * * that they had * *. * *, on the * * * *, * * *' Now, it is just possible that the birth of the * may have occurred later, but have been * * * tradition to the year * *. For such a *, in the opinion of the times, be * * * * * * * * * *. *, * * * * must be allowed to stand, * * * * time is not a convincing argument against a * * * occurrence of the phenomenon; for of the * *, who lived in we have * * *, *, in his * * *, published in *, * * * * not, that in the year * * * * phenomenon in all points * * * were born *. The passage is as follows: * * * * * * * * * * * *, * * *, * * * * * * * *, * * *' It is just possible that in * or other this case has been * with the story *; at any rate, the occurrence of such a statement *' work is of more than * *. * * * * * * in connection with the case of * *, the whole * would probably * * *.
"There is, however, * * difficulty in accepting the story * down to * * * nature of the * *. All the records * * * * * * * * at the shoulders and hips, and * on the * and the * on the *' * * mode of union, and represent the * * * in the space between the * *. * * shown with four * and two *, the right and *, * the other * (left and right) are * at the shoulder according to one *, * * above the * according to another. *, although it * * to say that such an * is impossible, * do not * * case of this peculiar mode of *; but it may be * *. *. *. * has suggested, * * * * *, and were in the habit of * * with their * * * * *, and that this gave rise to * that these * * *. If this be so, then * * is removed, for the case * * with the * * rare type of * * as the * *, which is placed by * * of the * * in the group *. * *, which are well known to * *, are the * * * * *, * * * * * *, and the * * * * *. * * * * *, however, have simply been the addition of the * * portrayed the * * *; then it * * that they were * *.
* * * * * together in the region of the * and having * its own *. In the * * * has been * between the * * *, * * * * or (more rarely) *. * point of * was the middle * *, * * it was * * * union; and it is * in the * * it was of the latter *; and it *, from the proposal made to separate the * * * of one, that it was * in nature.
"If it be * that the * * * * *, a study of the histories of other * cases of * serves to demonstrate many common *. * * * * * has collected, in * * *; and if to these we add the * * * * and the *, we have cases, of which * *, several of the * *, of whom * * *, * birth and * for a number *, and thus * * * *. * * * *, * * years old at death; and the * *, * born in are still *. * *, * * * in the statement * * * * * * years. With regard * the truth of the record that the one * * * * * *, there is * evidence from * instances, for * * * *. * *. *, *. * state that in the case seen by * * * * * hours after the death of the other. * impossible to make any statement with regard to the * of the * or to the characters of their *, * there is absolutely no information * * *. It may simply be said, * conclusion, that * * * is interesting not only on account of * * * * out of it, but also because it was * of a very rare * type, occurring at a * period in our * *.
Possibly the most famous example of twins of this type * * * *, * * *, born in * *, *. They were the objects of great *, and were * * *, *, *, *, *, *. At the age of * they were placed in a *, * * * * in their * * * * all over * they were examined by * *, *, * *; * * * * * * their existence * * * of them in his "Natural History," and all the * * for a century or more * * *. * of them can be best given by a * * * of the Latin * composed by a * * * on a * * of them: *.
* * * to behold, who have * grown as one, That * * bodies can divide, * * beneath the * * * * * * *, * * * *, * * * may all the * * * * *. *, * * *, * * * *; * *, * * * * *, * * * *. * * * * * * *, so they tell;
The other parts their numbers *, and serve * * *.
Their parents * * * * *, the world * *,
That this * wonder of the age should not be * * view.
The inner * * * * * from our *, *!
But all the body * * * * in solid *.
They were * back to back in the lumbar region, and had * * * except the anus between the right * * and the left of * and a single *. * * *, * *, the more active, and the *. * at the age of six * *, * * * delicate and depressed. * * * and continued * *, although one * * *. They had a * *, and did all in * * * the circumstances of their * * died of cerebral and pulmonary *, * *, * * good health, soon after * * * * * into a state of *, * * * *, * * * * * *. They had measles and * * * affected in different degree by the *. *, *, * * were not *, in a very interesting paper, discusses the *, * * * in reference to these *, such as the * of separation, * * *, and, finally, * on the last * * * * * in life, * *.
There is an account of two * *, similar in conjunction to the * *" who were born in * * * * at the age of four months by an attempt of a * separate them.
* there was reported to have been born in *, * after the manner of * * *, * back to back, * * * * *. They were said to have been * * * *, * * * * *.
* * an extensive report of *, who had been extensively * * * and the United States. * * * * * * * *, *, * the mother, who had * children before, was a * * *, with a large *. The presentation * by the stomach and * by the *. * * * at the * by a cartilaginous or possibly *. They were * * * * * * * * * as in the United States. *, * * *, * had the * * and the * * * * from the age of thirteen. * * * * * to the * *, * the necessary *. * * *, * *, * carried on * * * * time. They * * * * *, * * * * * at the *. One, in * *, would be * by a * * of the other. Common * * * * * * *. They were intelligent and * * * *, * * * size; they * * * * and accompanied * * *; * *, *, * * with apparent * *. * * * over and * * up by the * *.
A recent example of the * * * * *, born in *, * *, * * * * * * * in the lower part of the lumbar *, * * * * *. They had a * and anal *, but a double * *, * * * septum. The * * distinct in each, * * * *. They were * * * * * * on an * * around the world. * * *, and when she * * * * * * * * *, * * * * * * *. * * * and separate *; * * * * * * *. Many of their * * *, * *, the other *; * * *, * * *, *. * * * were not * * their anatomic *, their mode *, and their * * * in a * * *. is a * of an early photograph of the * *. represents a recent photograph of these *" as they are now called.
The latest * we have of this type of * is that given by * to the * * Society of New *, *, The mother was present with the remarkable * * *, * at the top of their *. These two * * * * * * *. * * that he * to be distinct and separate children, and not dependent on * arterial system; * * * * * * *, * did not * * * * * * * * * *. * * * * instance of *. * * * * *; the head of one was born *, soon followed by the * the rest of the twins. The placenta * single and the * of two branches. The * * * below the * * in such a manner that they could * * each other. They were females, and had two *, * * labia minora, and two labia majora, * *, * * * divided by a *. * * * * *. * * * *, as one might be * while the other *, *.
* * instances of * are quite *, few have attained any age, and, *, * *. * of twins * at the *, who were born in * *, They were *, and named * * *. * * well known in the * * *. * *, and also *, in the year there were born, * * *, * twins, who, from the description * * of the * type. They seldom *, * * of a * *, while the other * * *, * *. * * lived a short time, * a day before the other. * * * *. *, * * * *, * *, *, * birth to a double * * * * * from the description * joined by the *. * * *, * * * by both the mouths; all its actions * in concert; it was * of one set of *; it only lived a short while. Many people in the * to see the * *, * * * *" It is said that at the same * the birth * * * followed by the birth of a * *, * *. * * * * twins who were born in * * * * formed and * at their *. * * *, and the other *. * * took the children to * * *, * of which * * their lives. In the year 1841
there was born in the island of *, of native *, * * that was soon brought to *, where it * two months. It had two heads and seemed to have * all its * except the anus and male * * * of a double * born in * *, on the 24th * *, It had two *, * * * *, * abdominal and pelvic * * * *, * * *, * * on either side. It had only *, which was * between the thighs. One of the * * * and was * *, while the other was a * was named *. * * * and acted * each other; * * * * sucked from the breast * * from the *, and used * * *. * * affecting the other, but the feces * through a common *.
* * * * * * *, who were born in * and examined by *. They were fused together in a * *, * * *, * *, * *, * *. * * weak and * and the other * * * * * that they had but one rectum and one * * * * by the mention of * *. * * of female *, born in *, * * in New * * who were * * * in a * *. Between the * on either * to be seen * * *, and the * been known to * from both sides, beginning and * the same time.
* details a description of the * *" born on * * * *, *, * * * * * at the lower end. The *, of less than two *, was completed before the arrival of the * on their * *, they could * * at the *. Both sets of genitals * * * on the same side of * * *, * * * * with reference * * on either side. * * at birth * * * * *. * mother was a * * and had * * * * * at the age of * father was a finely * * * * * * * * * * and color of the eyes and * * * * for some time, and died * * * *. * *, *, *. * * * several months after birth.
* * * * class, the first record we have is from the * * *, which contains a description of * born in the * of the * *, * * *, * * with four * *, but a single *. * *, *, * * *. * * might be * while the other *, * * while the other * *. At times * * * came to *. * * is said to * two years, one part * four days before the other, * symptoms of * * * * *.
* * * says that in * * * *, * there was seen a female *, consisting of two * about the umbilicus and fused into a single *. * * * * by two * * * * * * *. At one time, one of the women *, * *, while the other *, *, and kept * *. The account * how one of them died, and * * * * * about for three years before * overcome by the * * * of the *. * the birth of a boy * who had two *, *, * *, but only two * and two *. * * length of the * * *" who were * of the eyes of the Court * * * * *. * consisted of two men, * in appearance in * *, * * * into a single *. The King * * care of their *, * * * * *, languages, and other *. Between them they would * * *, * merging into * *, * *. Above the point of * they had no *, * *, * was common to both. * * * *, * * * *, * *, One of the * * * days before *, and the *, * * about his * * to "infection * *" There was reported * * born in * a double * * *, * at the age of *, * * of a * * *, the two * * at the umbilicus into a single *. These two * * one another in contour *. They were so * that at rest * * * *. They had a single *, with whom they were * * lived in *. In the * * * * and fifty years since there was given the * * of a double woman, who was * all over * * * *. * can be * * * *, with the exception that it was stated that * * *, * *, * *, * *, * *, * set of * *.
The most * * of this type * *, who was born in *, * *, * * * the result of the ninth * of their *, * * *. * * * * *, * * in a common * at a point a little below the * this point they had a common trunk and single *. The right *, * *, * * and of * * * *; the left, *, * * of a * * * *. * * at different * * in the upper extremities * *. * urine and * simultaneously, and had the * common. Their parents, who were very poor, * * * for the purpose of public *, which at first * *, * * * by the *, * * that it would open a * * * * *. * failure of the parents * * * * * * * * * * the children * * exposure in a * *. * system of the * * * in common except in * * *, the anus, and the sexual organs, and * * good health * * * *; * * *, *, who was * at the * *, * * * * with a *. At the postmortem, * * with some * * account of the * * * to be *, the pericardium * *, * * *. The digestive * * * * as far as the lower third of the *, * * * on the left side and single, in common with the *. * * * * and the uterus * *. * *, which were * * *, * * by a * * *. There was * between the * of each. * * * * * * * * which, by his description, must * very similar to *.
* * * were born in in the * * *, *. * * had a * *, * arms, and * * to the sixth *; they had a common *, * *, * *, * *, * * *, *, * * *, the central one containing * *. The right boy was * * the left *. * * * * * * * on his side, but not over the other * * * *. All their * * * * individual and independent. At the * the report, * they were * good health and * * * * * *. * * * as they were * several years ago * *.
* * * female children in * * * * *. * formed a right angle with their *, * * at the lower part of the thorax * * had a single * * and the external * * of a female. A little over * * from the * * * limb with a * *; * * * in length and * to a fine *, * with a distinct *, and it * * *. *, the left *, * of fair * * * * * *. * * * * * were not * at the same time, and one might * while the other * *. * * * * * were not *. They were * of the second * of a * * * * * of such * * * * * * * to appear in public. The order of birth * *: * head and body, the lower extremity, and * body and head.
* * are many instances of * * on record. * * and gives * illustration of a * * * *, with the exception of * heads and two *. * *, *, *, * * *, and there is an old account of * *, each of * * * *, * * and the other *. * * of a * and the * * *, and both * * *; * * * * of days. There is another * record of * * who had two *, * was in all other *, with the exception that after * * was found to * * *. * * * * * * * * *, one of which was * and the other *; * * what is apparently the same * * * * with two *, one of which was *, * * door to *, and who * * of the influence * * was given * * to leave the country.
A more common occurrence of this type is that in which there is fusion of the two *. * * of a monster * * was shown * * * *. * * * *; * * * and two *; in each face an eye * * * above the nose; there was a third eye in the middle of * common to both *; the third * * * * and had two *. * * * well formed and * * *. * * * *, the exact * * *. * * of a * sent to * * * * * * * *. * * * * with a * *, * * *, *, *, * brain of its own. The eyelids * *, and as there * * cavity the eyes * out in the form of * * * *. * *, * * of both * *, but then * * from exposure. The brain * * * * * * * without, and * by a membrane beginning to slough. On the right side * * was a * external ear. * * said that * * * * * * through the *. The great * interest in this case lies in * that every movement and every act of the natural * * * by the * * in a * manner, i.e., when the natural * *, * * *; when the natural * *, *, *, the second * * *; and the eyes of the * * * *. The fate of the child is not known.
* * of a child born in * with a most * fusion of the head. The ordinary * was nearly perfect and of *, * fused with its * * * * * *. * * * its own * * *, and each an individual *, but if one had * the other had an abundance of saliva in its *. * * * * to death at birth, as the * * by the * *, * it into * to destroy it, from * it was *, * *, * * conformation of the accessory * * due to the *. At the age of four it was * * * * and, as a result, *. * * is in * of the * * * * * *.
The following * story of * *, * taken from * *, is of sufficient * * interest to * *.
"One of the * as well as most * stories of human * is that of * *, said to have been * * of the * * * *. * * * *, however, and * * in his * * lived in complete *, * * * * * * of his own *. He was a young man * *, a profound *, and a * of rare * * * remarkable for its grace, and his * * *, * * * that of an *. * upon the * * * * * face, that of a * *, * * *, * as a *' The female * was a mere * only a small portion of the posterior part of *, * * * sign of *, of a *, *' It would be seen to * * * * * *. The eyes would follow the * * *, and the lips * * * *' * * *, * * * that he was kept from his * * by the * * of his * *' * * *, * * *, * * to me * of such * * * speak of in *. * * * * * * it sets * *. For some * of my * * * * to this * * * * *. * * * * you to * * out of *, even if * die for *' * were the words of * * * * * *, * *. * of careful * * managed to procure *, * *, leaving a letter * that the * *' * * * * *, * it continues * * in my *' * his own * he was * * * *, * * * * to mark * *.
A most * case was that of a * woman who was delivered * * of a * * of apparently * *. * *, which was born *, * * * * the other * the change of color * at the neck * * head. The * * * * * * * developed, and the * skin was found to be due to * of pigment similar to that found in the black *. * of the * had a light brown *, like an * man, and it was * that there were * * * * during the * *; but no * as to her * with them could be * whether this was a case of maternal * * can only be a matter of *.
* *, such as *, *, *, *, and the *, *, *, * full of interest, will not * *, * * * * * for any length of * * * intention of this chapter is to include * * who have lived.
* * * class includes the * *, * that consist of one * *, * * *, but from the * * * * * * portion of a second *. *, *, * * adults with * * * *. * * *, of which were observed by * * * under the name of * *" * * of a case in which * and lower extremities of one * * out of * of the other, which was * *. * * * a living * *, the inferior * * * * from the * region of the other.
* says that there was a man * * * * forty years of age, * * about a parasite without a head, * * from his *. * * * * * * *. * * * *, * *, one of the most familiar in all *. * * * * of a man who had a * * * * *, and who was born in * the same * * was made with the * * * *. * * * * and both * * * * * details a history of an individual * * *, born in * * * * all over *. From his * * * * * that had * *, *, *, * * * * covered with hair, which in the * * *. There were signs of independent * the parasite, * of respiration, *, but its * *, and, although * * * * * *, * * * *. The genitals * and the arms * * * * *. * * * * *, and has given the *, * while in * * he was * * * * * * and the father of * who were * * * *. * * * of an infant similar in * to the *, who was born in * * * * * * * by means of a * * before the * * * * * of a * * * who died at the * * * * * * height and of fair *, * * * * from the left * was the inferior * * * * * *. * * * *, * * * * that it was said to * by the hands or by a *. Urine and * * at intervals from the parasite, and received * * * * for this purpose. * in the * common, an * applied to the parasite * * * *. * * an interesting report of the * * *, * * that he had * * * * * who had a small * * * under the * the third * *. * was common, * * * * * * causing the child with the perfect * *. Each of the two * * *, * * * * the other *. * * * arose in the * * *, as to whether the * * * * to the * fetus as well as to the child.
* during the * of the * * * * *, * * in that * * * *, * *, * * that, like the * * * *, he had * * of a male * growing from his *. * * * have also observed * * * * before the * * * *, *, * *, * years of age, who had an * attached to the surface of his * * *.
* describes a * * five years old, *, by an extraordinary * of nature, was an * * *. From the body of an otherwise * * * * * * protruding from a broad base * * * * and sacral region. This * * * with hair about four or * * long, and * * of an eye, *, mouth, and *. * * * * * * * *. * * * * by the * of Medicine * * to examine * on a * * of seven *, living in *. * * * and well developed, and from the middle * * * between the * cartilage and the * by a soft *, was an accessory *, of ovoid *, the smaller *, * *, * *. The parasite * a little over * *, * about the head, and * * *. The cranial bones * * *, and the top of * * covered by a * of hair. There were * *; the left eye * represented by a minute * with hair; the right eye * * by one end of * * * * down to another * * the mouth; the right third of this latter * a primitive tongue and a triangular *, * * the fifth month. There was a soft, * nose, and * of the vertebral column could be distinguished * *; there were no *; * no vascular * * * *, as the parasite could be * * the perfect * notice. The mouth * * * * *, * * no indication * *. * * *, known as * * * * *" was born in and had attached to her * * * pelvis and * legs of a parasite, * *. * * effected by means of a pedicle cm. in diameter, having * basis, and being * without a joint. * * * the vulva and the * * * *. At the insertion of the parasite * * *, * larger than the other. * * * seen on * and it * * * *, the joints of * * *. * * * * * * * except those of the feet. She had been * *, * *, in the space of three years, two *.
* * there was * in the * of the United States an individual * the name *" who was born *, *, and was the second of four *. At the time * he was about * years of age. The upper * a parasite was firmly attached to the lower right side of * of the individual by a * *, and lower * * *, and apparently * *. The anus * * * *; * * * * * * *; there was a * growth of hair * *. The penis of the parasite * said to show * * at times, and urine passed through it without * of the boy. * * elevation of * to occur * in both. To * to the * of the curious, * * *" * at one * * the parasite in female *, calling the * * *; but there is no doubt that all the * * were of the male *. An analogous case was that of * *, who was * * * early in the century, * * and his * * models are seen in our * represents an *, a peculiar * *, in which the parasite is * to the * bone of the *.
* * * *" * is more * than that of duplication of the lower extremities. * says that on *, there was living in * a male * * * * * *. * *, at the * * *, * there was presented by * *, * * * * child with four legs, the anus * * * middle of the third *; and the scrotum between the * *, * * not yet *. There was * and single pelvis, and the * * *. * * * * *, * the figure of one born in *; * * * * *. * * of a male child with one * *, * legs, and double * *. * * * of the child when it was a little over a year * published in * * a description of a * *, * instead of having a duplication of the *, as in *, * * *" * * below the second * *. * head and * * * *, * * * *.
* * * *. *, * *, * * * *. The duplication in this case * just above the waist, * * * at the third * *, * * * * *. * * * * different times, * * * *. * * * *, * * * a year later on * side, but * * * at the fourth * * of persistent nausea and the expectation of *. *, * * of this case, * *. *. * * * * *; * * * that when * * that she * * on the left side * * think you are *; if it had been on my right side * * * * * * * * found, from the * observation, that * * * almost invariably used for *. * * *, describes a woman * *, a native * * father was * and mother * *, who had a * of the lower *. There was a third * * * continuation of the * * of the *, * * to well developed * * *, * * * * * * above the *. * * * and two * *, * * * *. * * * * * * * * * in both *. A somewhat *, possibly the same, is that of * *, born in 1860.
She had a very * *, * * * *, * * * attached to the *, without a * * * * *. There was a * *, bladder, and *. At the junction of the * with the body, in front, * * * *, each containing a *.
Other instances of * * will be found in * *.
* * instances of * *, by their * interest to the natural * of the curious *, * * * discussion. To many of these cases have * * *, * the fact * * almost invariably shows that the * * * * proportion to the extent of * * a description of a monster, * * * two distinct *, but with only one * * * *. * * * the function of either *.
*, *, *, *, * * * instances of * *; the latter case a was in a * * *, * years old, * applied to the * * * *, and who * that he * * the orifice of the left * and also said that he * of true *. * * * instance in a * *, in which the two * * *. * of a man with two * * * * *. * * * case described of a man * * with a * was for more than half its length divided into two *, the right * somewhat larger than the left. From * of the penis up to the * only the lower * * * * *. * describes a * *, * of a woman * * who had been * *. * first child was a * female, and the * * in question, * * during the night, and * * * matter. In * of one * * *, situated near each other, the right one of natural * * * *, but not * with a *. * * * * *, from which * urine and some * was a duplication of each *, but only one * *, and several other minor *.
*, reported by *, * * an infant * * * * months with two * and three lower extremities. * * *. apart and the scrotum *, * * in each *. * * was provided with a * * * from both *. In a *, * * * *, the two organs * separate, but urine and * * * * * from both.
The most * of all the * * * * * * *, * * * six months * * * * * * father and mother * * and had two *. He was easily born after an uneventful pregnancy. * *, * *, and had two *, * as large as that of a child of six * * * from both *; he had * *. * and between the legs there was * * * *, * throughout their *. It was * * * by a short * * long and as large as * *, consisting of * bones and *. * * * in the * * on the anal *, * * * *. * * * had no power of * * endowed with *. A journal * *, * * *, said that the child * * * *, and that the surgeons * *, to whom we are * for an * * *, received a report from * * *, * a description of * * *- two years of age, * that he was * * * * *, * of a female * * sufficient to * *. * * to use * *, * * with one * the other; but this account of * does not agree with *, in which no * * * * *. * describes the adult * in full, * * * with an *. At this time he was * * * * *, and possibly a double * by an * *. * * the anus * * * to the os *. In the * * * * * * * on the front of * surface of the lower third of his * *. He was in * * * * * in a *, * * * * * *, to prevent * * * * *. * * * *, the entire space between the anus * * edge of the scrotum * occupied by the *' * and physical * were developed *, and he * * with his * * * instance in which * was similar to that of *. There was a * * consisting of two * * into one * * * * * * *. * calls the case * * * *.
* * * * describe a case in a man * *, of good, * appearance. The two distinct * of normal * * well formed and were * * * *, * at its * to the *. * covering of skin * as far as the base of the glans; at this point * * and perfect, but the * of the left * * * * * normal, and through * most of the *, though some * * through an opening * * at a point where the root of the scrotum * *. * lifting the * * * * * * and was of sufficient size to * the finger. On the * of the * was an elongated and rounded * * * to a * *. * * * * normal in shape and *, * *, and surrounded, as was evident from its *, * * *. The left * * on the tendon * * * in the left *; it was not fully * the patient had * *, *, * * * * * simultaneously, the right *. The left * * * than the right * smaller; the * were of normal *.
* * of a man * * who had a * *, * with a * and capable of *. * * of the glans * a canal * cm. long, * * * a serous fluid. * * a man who had * and two *, on one of which * *. According to *, *, * * * *, * a child * * * * * *. who had two *, * * * * * * * * which were inserted in * of the groin. There were * * felt in the * and one in the left. * * * * * *. There is also another case * * the foregoing in a man * *; but here there was an * in the middle * behind the bladder. * * * * * * in both *, and that * * * because of his * * * *. * of a child with two * * *, one to * and the other to the right of the median line, and about 1/4
or * * at birth. The urethra * * * region and sent * branch to each penis, and urine * * *. The scrotum was divided into three * * *, and each * * * *. * at birth * *, but the child * * on, and at its * * * *.
* says that an infant * brought to * for relief of anal * * * * *. It was found to possess *, * * each to its * half of * * defined by a median *. The scrotum was divided * * by two *, and each * * a fully * *. * * * because of * *, which we notice is a frequent * * * * of the penis. There is an example * * described in which there were * *, * * * long, and a * scrotal sac * *. * of a * * * * * a double * * * *.
* and his * * * * * * provided with two more or less * * * * * *, who may show also other * the adjoining parts and organs (e.g., * *, * are not * of more than two * *. * *, therefore, the cases in which in addition * * * there is a * * * *, for example, as that of * * * *, * described by *. It also * * * * *, and, of course, the cases of * the female genital * * *, vulva, vagina, *. * *, *, *, *, * * * lists of * *, even in * references are common, and there is evidence to * many cases have been duplicated under different * * * * * all the older * available and eliminated duplications of reports * to their original *, have collected * * cases; they offer the *.
*, or duplication of the penis in an otherwise * single individual, is a very rare *, * * * having been found in a fairly * * * literature. As a distinct * type it has only * * * * *.
It does not of * interfere with intrauterine or * life; but the associated anomalies *, *) may be sources of *. If not * at birth, it is * * * adult life, and even then the * * *.
With regard to the functions of the pelvic *, * may be passed by both *, by one *, or by *. * * instance it finds * by an * in the *. * reason to believe that * may be passed in the same * in most of the * cases there has been *, * inability to perform the * *.
All the degrees of * have been * with, from a * of the glans penis to the presence of two * * at some distance from each other in the *.
The two * are usually somewhat * as regards *, *, *; they may * * * *, or more * * * *; they may be equal in size, * * one is distinctly larger than the other; and one * may be * * *.
The scrotum may be normal or split; the *, * * in number, may be normal or *, * *; the prostate may be normal or * * may also the vasa * * * *.
The commonly associated defects are: More or less * * *, * *, or more rarely * *, *, * * of the bony pelvis with defect of * *, and possibly duplication of the lower end of *, * * of some of the abdominal contents into * *. Much more rarely, duplication of the *, stomach, and kidneys has been noted, and the lower * * * than normal.
* * of fetus * *, * * instances in which one might * say that a man may be * * * * *, or in which an infant may carry * * the fact * *, * * be discussed. * * * cited as being only a * of the * * * was born * *. * represents an * showing the birth of *. *, * *, *, *, * * speak of instances of fetus *. * describes a tumor contained in the abdomen of a * * composed of hair, * teeth, and other * * *. * reported to the * * * * * a child which was born with a tumor near the anus * * * body of the child; this tumor * rudiments of *. * * of a * * * * * * of the transverse *, * * * * of a * in a cyst communicating with the * * an example in a boy of thirteen, in whom * * *. *, * * *, * * of a * with a great pain in the right * from which * * * bones and a mass * *. His mother had had * * * from the length of the * * one of the * to be of two *' and the other of three * life. The * * five years after the * * *.
* * of a case in which * * * taken from the abdomen of a * of two * * *. * a child of two years and nine months, * * * with ascites, who died * hours after the *. In its * was found a * * * * * connected to the child by a * * * *. * * * * for about nine months, * * * * * * *, * * * * * * *.
* says that he * "a boy who was * and without * * *, for the fetus was contained in a * with the abdomen and was connected to the side * * by a short umbilical cord; * did the fetus * * until the boy was * * ten years old, * * enlargement of pregnancy and subsequent * * *" The fetus, removed after death, on the whole * * *, * of the size of about six or seven *. * * * account of a child that had a * * * in its face and scalp. There was * by the name of * * from the earliest * had a * one of his * *; * * * larger than the rest * to have a tumor under *. * died of * * * * * there was found in a * * * * colon and communicating with it all the * * *.
At the * * * * * *, * * * * * students and many physicians * saying that * to find a * * in a scrotal tumor * * * * *. His diagnosis proved correct, * * * *, and all * as to his * * a fetal tumor. It appears that he had * * a report by * of an operation on the scrotum of a * * increased in size as the child *, and was found * the ribs, the vertebral column, the lower extremities * as the knees, and the two orbits of a fetus; and also * of a similar operation performed by * * * * * * of seven. The left * in this case was * that it * * to the knee, and the fetal * * * *.
* * * instance of congenital * in the umbilicus of a * * *, * * after the * * *. * described to the members of the * * * the case of a woman * *, * * * after a * *' pregnancy. One * * and only * long, and the other * * * * a case of *. * * * of the second *, *, * * *, * * the medulla oblongata, and in the cranial cavity with it * * *, neither of which was * *.
* * of a fetal * * passed in the urine of a man * *- one; the cyst * remnants of hair, *, *. * * * a remarkable case of * gestation, the subject being a * of six, * * the discharge of the fetal * from the abdomen. * of a child * *, * about and * *, * * * increased in size * *. * * * there was a large * * * * side; the abdomen * opened and the mass *; * found to contain a fetal * * * * * in addition * pounds of fluid were removed. The child * * *. * * * * that was found in * *. * * the successful * * remains of a * from the rectum of a child of six. * a successful excision of a congenital *.
* * is full of examples, and nearly every one of the foregoing * could be * from other * * * * reporting that in *, * in the * * * *, under the head of *" * * *, accompanied by *, * * * * * * a great * * * * * *" One of these * * * at the back of a man opened and containing a * * * * *, after reviewing * * * * * that came * his observation in * * what the case * had been so * by the lay * * was: An Indian *, *, * a tumor in the sacrococcygeal * cm. in * at the base, having a * * cm. and a transverse diameter of *. It had * and was *, * * *. At birth * was about the size of a * *. A diagnosis * * was made and two * were performed on *, death following the second. The skeleton * *; the rectum and pelvic * * natural, and * of the cyst * the diagnosis.
Quite similar to the cases of fetus * * are the instances of dermoid cysts. For many years they have been a mystery *, and their origin * is little more *. At one time the fact of finding such a * * ovary of an * * * * evidence that * *; but this idea was * as soon as * reported in children, and * we have a * * congenital and * *. * of the ovary may consist only of a wall of * lined with epidermis and * * * which, however, may be * up in firm masses of a * * * *; * * is called by * *; *, according to *, a form of cyst * * * containing small and * *, * * * follicles and sebaceous glands. Even the * * * * * * are often found. The hair * * * * up into * * or is still attached to *. A large mass of sebaceous material is also found in *. * * a case of dermoid cyst of the * *, * * * *. It was a *, and it was * * and not expelled from * * through the urinary *, as sometimes occurs.
The simpler forms of the ordinary dermoid cysts * bone and teeth. The complicated teratoma of this class may contain, * to the previously mentioned *, * *, mucous and serous *, *, nerves, and *, portions of *, * * *, *, * represents a cyst containing * * * * * from a * * * * years who had * to six *. * * the history of * in whom both ovaries * * involved by * had given birth to children and had * *, * * before the removal of *. The accompanying *, taken from * * dermoid cyst of the complicated * * * * the contents in situ. * * * * * of ovarian cyst removed from a * of six and a half * * * * From this age on to adult life * cases are recorded. Nearly every medical * * * * dermoid cysts, and almost all * * * with their *. The curious * * and the bizarre shapes are of great variety. * * dermoid cyst containing the left side of a human * *, a molar *, and various *. Dermoid cysts are * in regions of the body * * from the ovary. * * *" are true inclusion of the skin of * origin, as are the nasal * and some of * of the neck.
* reported the case of a man * * years who was born with * * * * * * spina bifida in the lower *. According to *, the swelling * * * * * until it *, when it * * *, * a large quantity of offensive *, * sebaceous material, * * it to have been a * * * * *, and there were found * of sweat glands, from which drops of * when the patient was *.
Dermoid cysts of the thorax are rare. * reported a case in which a dermoid cyst of small size * * over the * the junction of the * with the *, * * cyst in the neck near the left * of the * * * * * from the sternum of a female *, the cyst containing * * *. In the * of St. * Hospital in * is a congenital tumor which was removed from the * of a woman * * one, and contained * *, *, sebaceous material, and two pieces of bone * * * *, and in which * * * * are found in the palate and pharynx, and open * the conjunctiva are classified by * with the * * *, * * * * tumors of *. * * * a tumor of this * * * * *. * * * an enormous * * the mouth of a *. * * * * *. * of the rectum are *. * * * of a case of labor during which a rectal * *. * * * a cerebral *, * *, * * and a molar *, and a piece of bone. * * doubt that many cases of fetus * * * * * of the scrotum.
* * the successful removal of a dermoid cyst * * from a woman * *, the mother of two * * * *, *. The report is * *: "The patient has * been in good health * * last year, during which time she has lost * * * rapidly, and when brought to my * by her *. * * *, *, * * *, * * * about the house. A tumor had been growing for a number *, but its growth was * * that the patient had * * * * * * recently. The * * to be cystoma of the left *. * * * with the * we were confronted by complications * for, and its use had to be abandoned * * * contents of the cyst would not * freely, and * of sebaceous * * * *. As much * * as possible * removed, and the abdominal * * to allow of the removal of the large tumor. An * the size of a large * * removed from the *. * * the intestines * as one would * * some of the contents of the cyst * * * * cavity. The abdomen * * * *, * * placed in bed * * the least * * * rapid and *. * returned to her * * weeks after the *.
* * feature in this case was the nature of the contents of the *. There was a large quantity of long * * from the cyst wall and an * amount of loose * * * * through the *- *, a portion * * * for what were called *' * * * * *. * *, * *, * the size of *, * * and sold *, to that of small *. * seemed to be * * matter, and were * formed around the * by the motion of the fluid produced by * * * * * * * * * attached to the * of the *.
There are several cases of multiple dermoid cysts on record, and they may occur all over the body. * * a case * there were and in * case there were 132.
According to *, * * * * * had a case. In * * *, reported by *, * most of *, as usual, * * * and therefore * of normal skin, those over the mastoid * * * *, and were generally thought to * until they were excised, and * * * * dermoid cysts with the usual contents of * and hair.
* * claim that * was the first * and support this * * *. We find * of the ancient * traces of an * * * * * of the * was considered to be both male *. * * we learn that * was the * *, * Mercury, and * *, and had the * of a father and mother. * * of the * *, * * * * * * * *, * * * *" * * * * * * *, and the knowledge of * * prevalent in the * times. The * the birth of * * *, * * * them into the sea, * *, into the * * of an * * * to death in *, * * *. *, *, *, * * * * this subject. * * * * * among the *. * * * * * females in * with prolonged * * * * * *. Throughout the Middle * * * *, * *, * *. *, *, *, *, *, *, * *, *, *, *, and many others * *. * have been given, *, *, * * *, *, * *; * * * and bilateral, *. * anomaly in most cases * a malformation of the external genitalia. * *, * *, * of figure, * * have been accountable for many * * *. On the other hand, a cleft *, * *, * hypospadias or *, * * *, * * * have also * * * *. Some cases have been proved by * have been true hermaphrodites, portions or even * of both sexes having been found.
* *, * *, * * *, are given of these * *. They have been * * performed the functions of both father and * the statements of some of the best * they are always *. * has shown that * * * in proportion to the * * genitalia, and * many of these persons are *.
* * descriptions of a few of the most famous * * instances of *. * * of a woman who, * vulva, from which * *, had a *, * * or signs of *. * * to several * * * * have been the cause of the * commenting on this form of * * a necessary operation for the removal of the clitoris.
* relates the history of an * woman who was * * * * *. The poor * * to cut off * *, an enlarged *, * * was an * * to her in *. * * * * * cases. There is an old record of * *, * * to be a male, who took *, * * * * connection with a man, * of which was *, * shortly after * of a daughter. There is an account of a person * *, for the first * years of life, * * *, and being of loose * became a *. At a * * began to * a change in her * *; * * became the father of a family. This is * * of the facts of the case of * * *, born in and who was considered a female * * * *. At puberty she had the * of a woman, * with a male * for twenty years. * * * formed and * * * *. At the age * * * * *, * * * * * man, with such * * that she * * * *. * * of a * * * * *, * *, * * * * *, who was * by the police * * * * *. * *, * * * organs of generation were found. The labia majora * and flattened on the anterior surface. The labia * * were absent. The vagina * * and the * * * *. * stated that several years * * birth to a normal *. In place of a * * * * which, in *, * * long and * * *. The glans penis and the urethra * formed. The scrotum * * *, * * * long; the * * * * * *, * *. * * * * * * * genitalia, and * * * * * with either. * * from the penis, and * * she had * *, * * * *.
* * * *, * years of age, * in height. * * * well developed, * * and surrounded by a brown *, from which * *. * * * *, * * large, and * like those of a woman. Projecting from the vulva * * * like a * cm. long and slightly * *; it was * and had a * *. She had * with two * * as shown by the *. * * * and had an opening * * of the clitoris. The parotid * * signs of a * she had * on her upper lip. * * * * into the *, * treatment for chronic * * * * * *, and he pursued * * * *, * * that in early life he had been * * *. He had * * * and had been * * * *. * * * * * * * * * * * of a male. At this * * the venerable appearance of a * * * the autopsy, about two months later, all the * * * * *. * Fallopian tube, *, *, * * were found, and a * * * * * was made. There is no doubt but that this * * * * *.
* * of a person who was * to be * * *. At the age of * * * * * * * * was delayed for some reason, and three years * * * * * * * in her looks and * was only after * discussion, in which the court *, that it was * * that this person was a male.
* *, who was * as a female, and as such * the last ten years of her life in *, was found on * * * to be a man. A man * * of in both * * * * * for many years as a female. He had * scrotum and *, * caused the * with another * for three years, * * * * with her during this period, and * *. It was * in this case that the * of the vagina * the deficiency of the lower * the urethra, forming a complete * for the semen * *. Long ago * * * * * * * * * alive for * * * * in the guise * habit of a woman. He had * * a woman. We have heard of a recent * * * pregnancy and * in a * who had been * * * who on * proved to be a *.
* * of an individual * * * who was in the highest * *, * * *, * * *, The female genitalia * normal except the *, which were * *. The thighs and the * not so * as those of a woman. There was * * * *, but it was * *. the male * were of the * appearance of a male * and were covered with the *. * * had been * * * * * * and fifth month. * * the penis * *, *.
* describes a case in which, independent of the true penis and *, which were well formed, * * * * * * * * *, communicating with * * provided with * ligaments and * *. * * that in this case we * that the female genitalia * * *, * * * * is a physical * * alterations of the natural connections of the * other parts of the pelvis. * describes a woman with * development of the clitoris, an imperforate *, * of vagina; at first sight of the parts * * * those of a man.
* * succeeded in * * vagina to a young * * * who had an * clitoris and no signs of *. The accompanying * show the * * * * * with all the appearance * * genitalia, and the appearance * * of the vaginal *.
* * * * * * * * cases of duplication of the genitalia, and * * * * from an anatomic standpoint. There is a * *. * Hospital in * from a man * * died of cerebral hemorrhage. He was well formed and had * and a * *. He was *, and it was * * * had two children. The bladder and the * of generation * those of a man in whom * * * into the scrotum, and in whom the uterus * * were developed to an unusual *. * * as large as in the adult female, * between the * rectum, and was * between two layers of peritoneum, *, on either side of the uterus, * attached the * * also shown in * the pelvic organs from a case * * * * occurring in a child * * who died from the effects of an operation for the * of a right inguinal hernia. The external * * * a male with undescended *. The bladder * normal and * * surrounded by a prostate gland. * * * *, uterus, and broad *, * *, * *, with the testes in the position of the * were no seminal vesicles. The child * * * * *. The family history states that the mother had had
14 children and * *. * of the children * * * * *. The fifth and sixth * * and had the same * *.
*, *, *, * * * cases of * * due to elongation of the clitoris. * * a the clitoris * * long, and there * of the * * on both sides, * * * * on one side and the inguinal canal on the * had been diagnosed as testicles and again as *. * * cystic ovarian *. * is taken from * * * * * *. * * cases of * * in one * * * * of a family of * individuals in * * was observed. The first * * and had *; the second * * a female but * * *; the third, fourth, and fifth * normal but * * * * * * * *, *, and had * * *; the seventh, * * * * *; the eighth * * a female, * * * * by the * to be a male; * * * a female, but at * the genitals * to be those of a male, though the * * *.
* * of a case in which the clitoris * * * long and one * *, having a * in its * * down to an * * in the *. * * * * * thought to be testicles, and * * was that of *. * * * of female genitalia was found, although the ovaries * *. The right * * * * thick and * to the bottom of the false *, where it was *. The hard * proved to be on one side * * *, * congenital, and on the other * * having no glandular structure. The patient was an adult. * have seen, there seems to be a law of evolution * * * *. If one set * * * developed, the other * * *. In the case of extreme * * clitoris and approximation to the male * we must expect * * * * or ovaries. This would * one of the causes of sterility in these cases.
There is a type of * in which the sex cannot be * *, and sometimes * does not * * * *. Such cases are classed * * * * *, * * * of the *" * *. * *, of the age *, * examined and declared a * * * *, * *, *, * * * * * a boy. * * array of talent on both sides * discussion in * *, and the * * *. * * her in at which time * * * as to her *. * * * penis, and on the inferior * near the root * for the passage of urine. * traces of *, *, * * * seen. The * * *, * *, and the * *. * came to * that it was impossible for any man to determine * sex or the other. * * * a dog * * organs of the female, but discovered that neither * * * * * of classification. * * at the * * * * *, * * * * days after * was reported to be a *. * * * * to possess a weak *, * * *, * beard, and the thighs and legs of *. There was * on the *, the penis * short and * incapable of *, * * of fetal *; he had * * *, and as regards * * *.
The legal aspect of * * * been much *. * * * arise, and * * occur. In * * * could be * to a *, the exclusive * of a man, and * * settled by the *. If the male * * together with the * organs of man * *, then the individual could * * * * * * * * * * * *.
There is a peculiar * on record in which the question of legal * * was not settled until the individual * * a female * * years. This person was * *, * * * *, * * *, * * * as a female * * * *. * * * with her *, with whom * came to *. * * * * *, * * * * * * * * * *. *, and at this * * * * * to be a male.
The literature * * is so * that it is impossible to select a proper representation of the * in this * space, and the reader is referred to * * works on this subject, in which the material * and the discussion * *.
* * *.
* *.
* * Relative to Minor * * viewed with great * the minor structural anomalies of man, and * to be * signs or * in much the same manner * * more pronounced *. In a * * * *, * * * * that the *, in addition to their * subdivisions of *, * * * * * * * from the appearance of the liver, *, * of animals * * * * * *, and from the natural * * * * or the young of animals. * * * * * * * * *, * * a special * as to * derived from *, given by *.
* * which the * claimed to draw * * * in man and the animals are worthy of forming * by themselves, * the more as it is the part of * * with which, up to the present time, we * *. The development that their * * * *' or the art of * * *, * * * to attribute great importance to all the * which were * *. * * that an * years of observations, * *, * * system, and that in * was the influence of the * in a more * manner than in the fatal * * * * of each * according to the * the sky at the moment when he came into the world. *, * * * which he * * refute the *, * * result of these * was to consider * * * * * * * as the * * consequence of the action of these *. * * *, the observation of * *, as it were, a reflection of the state of *; on which * all terrestrial *; *, * * in them the future with as much certainty as in * *. For this reason the greatest * * attached to the * * * * * space in the fragments of the great * * * which have up to the present * *.
The rendering * * of the account of * cases in the human subject with the * * attached to * * *, after the translation of *, * * * * *, some of the words *.
"When a woman * birth to an *.
that has the ears of a *, there will be a powerful king in the country;
* * the right ear, the days of the master *) will be * * * *.
* * both ears, there will be * in the country, and the country will be * *.
* right ear is small, the house of the * * * house the birth * *) will be destroyed;
* * are both small, the house of the * will be built * *.
* right ear * * * *, there will be an * in the house of the *.
* * are both * *, the country * * and the * *.
* right ear * *, there will be an * in the house of the *.
* right ear has a * below, and * * * of the *, the house will be *.
that has two * on the right side and * on the left, the * * bring about a stable *, the country *, and it will be a land * *.
* * are both *, * * *.
that has a * *, the country will be *.
that has no mouth, the * of the house will die;
that has no * *, the people of the world will be *.
* * are absent, the country will be in *, and the house of the * will be *.
* * are absent, the days of the master *) will be prolonged, but the house (where the infant is born) * *.
When a woman * birth to an *.
that has no * *, * * * *, the name will not be *.
that has no *, * * * upon the country, and the master of the house will die;
that has * * * * * *, * * of the king will be *, * will be in the land, the men * * will be * * * influences, and * * *) shall not have * * *.
* upper lip * the lower, the people of the world * * * * * for the *.
that has no *, * * * upon the land, and the house of the * will be destroyed;
* * * * *, * * will be spared * that has no * hand, the country will be * by an *.
that has no *, * * will have no *, * * shall be lost;
that has no * on the right side, the master *) will not * * * * shall be * * *.
that has * * on the right side, the * will take the * of the house;
that has * very small * on both *, * shall not go to the *.
that has * * on each *, the people of the world will be * * to the *.
that has the heart open and that has no skin, the country will suffer from *.
that has no *, the master of the house will be enriched by the * of his *.
* * the penis and the umbilicus, there will be * in the house, the * *) will have an * * *; but the male descent of the * will be *.
When a woman * birth to an *.
that has no * *, * * * * * upon the land; the master of the house * * *.
* * is closed, the country will suffer from * * *.
* * * is absent, the country of the master *) * *.
* right foot is absent, * * will be * and there will be abundance in that of the *.
that has no *, * * of the country will be * *) and the house *.
that has the right foot in the form of a * *, * * of the country of the humble will not be * * *.
* hands and feet are like * *' * *, the master *) * * and his * shall be *.
* feet are * by his * *, the house of the * * shall be destroyed;
* * * to the tendons of the body, there will be * * in the land;
that has three *, * in their normal * (attached to the body) and the third between them, there will be * in the land;
* legs are male and female, there will be *.
* * the right *, the country of the master *) will be destroyed.
When a woman * birth to an *.
that has many * * on the head, the days of the king will be *.
that has much * on the head, the master of the house will die, the house will be destroyed;
that has much * on the head, * * go to meet the house (that has a head on the head, the good * * * * * into the house);
that has the head full of *, there will be * * * and the master *) of the * * *.
that has the head full of * the king * * * *.
that has some pieces of * *) * on the head, * shall be *.
that has some * *) * * *) * on the head, * shall be *, the house *.
that has some * * * on the head, the days of the king will be less and the years * * * of his * *.
that has some * on the head, there will be a king of the land;
that has a *- of a * on the head, the master of the house shall not *.
that has some * * * *, the days of the king * arrive at * age, the country will show * * *) * *) *, but the * the infant is born will be *.
that has the beard come out, there will be * *.
that has some * on the head, the country will be * *.
that has on the head the mouth of an old man and that * *, there will be * * in the land, * * will give a * * * the land *, * * shall be in the land;
that has on one side of the head a thickened *, * * of the men * * a long time * that has on the head * long and * *, there will be * and the * * * *.
that has the figure in * (like a * * * ancient and as * as are these *, * * * * over each, and gives the following * *.
* * like a *' *. may have been it is difficult to determine; * * the direction and shape of the * * altered as to give them an animal *, * * * was that * * * *' *. The absence of one or both ears *. * * * in recent * * * * * *. *. *, *, * * * * *' *, p.
552), and others. * * * * * * on this point the * record is silent. * * size of the ears *. * are well known at the *, and have been discussed * * * * * * * *, *, and others. * * indicated in *. * is, of course, * be determined, * * * * * * * this point. The * *' *. is one of *, and that with a * *' *. * refers to * * * * * *, * of the *. * instance of an infant born with two * on the * *. * * one of cervical * * *, * closure of the external * *. is a * *.
"The next thirteen cases *. *) were instances of anomalies of the mouth and *. * * *' *. may have been * * *; *. was a case of *; * *. * were instances of stenosis or atresia of the *. Fetuses with absence of the * *. * * * * * *. * * * * *. * have been observed in * * *. * * absence of nose and * *) is interesting, especially when taken in conjunction with * belief that the size of the former * varies with * the latter. Enlargement of the upper lip *. * * *, * absence of the lips (No. 23),
known now under the name of *, have been * * in recent times. The next * * *) were instances of malformations of the upper *: *, * were probably instances of the * * * *; * *. and 30
were examples of the * * * * *. *. * probably a case of * *.
"Then follow * instances of genital * *. *, consisting of absence of the penis *, * penis and * * * *, imperforate anus, and * * *. * * * * *. *) * * * * *: *. * may have been *; *. * * * instances of * *, and the * indicated in No. * * *. The infant born with three * *) * * a case of parasitic *, * * have been reported in recent * *; * * * by the statement * * and female * is not easy to determine.
"Certain of the ten * * *. *) * in the present state of our knowledge be identified. The presence * patches of white or gray * on the scalp, * in No. is not an unknown * at the *; but what the * * * *, *, * * * on the head of the * * it is impossible *. The guess may be * * *, *, nevi, or an excessive * * * were the conditions *, but a * with the meaning of the * * * before any * identification is possible. * of skin * from the *' *. may have * of the membranes; but there is nothing in * * to help us to trace the origin of * * in the good * following the baby born with *. If No. was a case of congenital * on the head, * * regarded as a unique *, *, indeed, a form * * be indicated.
"The remaining * *. *) refer to cases of congenital * *. to deformity of the ears *. and
61), and a * *. * From these early * * to the present * * has been attached to minor structural anomalies. * following pages the individual * will be * and the most interesting examples of each * *. It is * evident that the object of this * * * the most striking instances of * * * * descriptions of * points of * than to offer a scientific * * *, * the reader is referred *.
Congenital defect of the epidermis and true skin is a * in pathology. * * of a child * * for two * * * * hands and feet * * * *; the true skin of those * * like that of * * * * *. * * the history of * * * desquamation of the skin in a living * describes a *, * male fetus * * on both sides of the abdomen a little * *. The placenta and membranes * *, * * that the defect was not due to * *; * had a * on the left side. The mother had a * weeks before *.
* * of the * some instances the skin is * * * to the underlying tissues and is * * * * that it can be stretched * to the * * * *. There have been individuals who * the skin of the * and pull * * over the nose, * the skin of the neck over the mouth. They also * an associate * development in the * similar to the * * * *, * * * * over the skin. The * * under the title of the * *" * * of this *. The first of this class * * seen in * * * * * * * in the skin of his * *; * * could be stretched. * represents a * * * * * *, * * having the * * * * * * * * * * *. The photograph was taken in *, * In these * cases there is loose attachment of the skin * hypertrophy, to which the term * * * *. * * *, * * * * * * *, states that in * *, *, is reported to have been able to draw the skin of the * * to the left ear, or the skin under the face * * to the vertex. The skin over the knee could be * * *, and when it * to its normal * * * * *. * * a case of this * in a * of nineteen, *, contrary to * *, * * * skin from over the left * * the elastic * quite normal, but there was transformation of the * of the dermis into an * * like a *, * disappearance of the * *. * * * * * is often seen in *, both in * and in the abdominal walls, and also from *, * * such cases the skin falls in folds, and does not have * * like that of the true * *.
* * development of the scalp * *. * * *. On each side of the median line of * there were * * *, * * and shorter * * from the median * increased. In the * * in the * is left longer than that on the rest of *. The patient was * * and the right * the body * * *. The folds were due * of the muscles and scalp, and the same * * * * when a dog * * *" This case * be considered as an example of reversion to *. * * * cases of the foregoing * * * first case was a * * * *, * * * small in proportion to the size of * and body; the cranium * *; the scalp * * * and the hair *; there were *, * * * * *, and three in the occipital * *. * * * had no * *. The second case was that of an * * * * * * * than the previous one. The cranium * * * and the hair * *. The scalp * * * as in the other case, but the * were more * * the scalp over the back of the neck the two * * *.
* * have been individuals who claimed that their skin was impervious to * *, and from time * these individuals have appeared in some of the * * of the world for *. According to * number of the * *, there is in * * * * * * by physicians * * of his skin. The * *, * * *, claims to have found an * which will render the * impervious to any * * * * edge of a * *, and calls * * "Man with Iron *" He is * *, and his * * is to pass * * body through a * the inside of which is hardly * * * * body and is closely set with *, *, *, and similar *. * * * * * body with absolute *. * * not agree as to his immunity, and some of them * *, which is his name, is a * who has by long * * * * against the * * * * skin. The * of the * *, * it worth * * * about the * * it an * *. * * * * * * in the latter part of * * * * a ladder * * * *, and lying on a * * * * with four * * *, * * * up in a *, * * * * *, and was * about the stage at a *. Emerging from * *, * * * * the stage.
Some individuals * * * burns and show many * * * * *. As they are nothing * * *" * * * mention here. * of the participants in the * * * * discussed in * *.
* is characterized by the absolute or relative absence of pigment of the skin, due to an arrest, *, * of this pigment. * * * *, * * * into two *- general and partial.
As to the etiology of *, there is no known cause of the complete form. * * * part in the number of * by the authors. *, by his observations on *, believes that the influence of * is a * in the production of *; there are, however, * of heredity in this * on record, and this idea * * * with the majority of * has noted that * can also be * of a pathologic * having its * * *, the circumstances of the parents, * * * of exercise, *, *, *.
* * a family in which * out of seven * *, and in some tropical countries, such as *, * *, * * to be *. It is * for the parents * *; but in a case of *, * * *, * was an *, * * describes the case of * * *, in which the mother and * * * of the * *" and of their * * * and three were *, born in the following *: * * *, two consecutive * *, * *, * * *. * * * relates the history of * of seven children, who were * white and * but the seventh * * and in good health and * *. The parents and other * * *. * * * * * by the name of * * * * * * Examples of the total absence of pigment occur in all races, but particularly is it * * seen in * who are * * * * all the characteristics of *, as, for instance, the *, * *, * * *, *. * *, in his * * *" * * * a white *, the offspring of a * * * * * *, * * blue, and its * *. * were of a * color, and its * that of *. * * such cases are not at all uncommon; * * * *. * *, in his * *" has an excellent description of these *, * * * * *; * * that they *. * * * * * * twins, and * * are quite common in *, * generally of *, * eyes, and of a low * *; they are * * * by the *. *, * * *, * of a case of * * * through the male line of the * * * and the * * *, the father *. There is a case of a * * * who were * * * * * color but the * *. *, * * *, * of a man who, * * *, had three * *.
A description of the ordinary type of * would be as follows: The skin and hair * deprived of pigment; * * * are of a brilliant white or are *; the iris * * are nearly or entirely deprived of * * * looking at the eye we see a * zone and the * *; * absence of pigment * * * * * *, * * to a high * * *, and this is due * to a high degree * (caused by crushing of the eyeball in the * * * light) and from * exhaustion and *. * * * that they have little *, * * is not true. * * * * *, and if we exclude the results of the * of two * * say that these individuals are *.
* * is seen. The parts most often affected are the genitals, the hair, the face, the top of the trunk, * * back of the hands and *. * * the history * case of an * * * * eyes and red *, * * the family * * eyes and white *. * * *, presenting a * *, * * * * *, which is rarely seen in the * which will be described later.
* is found in the lower animals, and is exemplified * * *, *, *, *, *. In the * * * two years ago was a pair of pure *. The white * * * in the * * * nations, and is an object of * * * *. * * and white * * *. In the Natural History * * * * * examples of * * * in the lower animals.
* is an *, the exact * of the preceding. It is characterized by the presence in the tissues and skin of * amount of pigment. * * * is unknown *, in whom is only * * *, * by a pronounced coloration of part of the *.
* * * have been related of an infant with a * face, and of others with one side of the face * the other *; whether they were cases of partial * * * cannot be * from the *.
* * * * *, scleroderma, and * *, * * shortly after birth, * * later in life, will be * of in the chapter * * *.
* * * * * from the skin and are far more frequent than * *. Nearly all the * * *. *, * *, *, *, *, *, and many others * on the head. In the ancient * * * * * * *. * * in his * * * * given the * a pair of *. * * * * who had a pair of * and who was * *. * * a man with * on his *, * *; * * * that by virtue of his * his father * transmitted to * * * of the family. * * * a patient * all over the body and another with * on the * * of a * from the left *; * * * * from the *; *, one of considerable * * *; *, one from the *; * *, * *; *, from the face and foot, * *, * * the body. *, *, and Treves have collected * *, and there is one * long and * in a * *. * * reports of 71
cases of * in females, in males, and three *. Of this *, * on the head, * on the face,
18 on the lower extremities, * on the trunk, and three on * *. * * reports of * * males, the sex not being mentioned in the remainder. Of these
48 were on the head, * on the face, * on the nose, * *, three on the leg and foot, * on the back, * * glans penis, and * on the trunk. * * cases of cutaneous *. The greater * females is * by all *. * age is * cause. Several patients over * have been * one of *.
Instances of cutaneous *, * seen and reported by the *, give rise to most * * * * * * is given in New * *, * * * * by some * * *, * * *, was born with hair * * * * the body; * * * * and his * * * * * * *. He had a * * * from the skull, a full set of teeth, and * * * like a dog * * on all *, * * * * of a normal *. The mother * * * after the birth of the *. The country * * * * * * * for a * the mother * to a * * *. * by his *, * * * * have a * in her * * * *.
* has made a minute examination of the * * Men of *" * found that this * was caused * * * * * development of * * of the maxillary *. * * *, and through an * found that they *, * * history of *, * *, and were unassociated with * * * * *. * * learned that the * * * * * * * region, and received no information * * * * that the * * * * * means to produce the *, * * * * among many *.
Probably the most remarkable case of a * was that of * *, * * *, *, from the upper and lateral * * *, had a * * * * * * * *, which he * * * * * * * *. There is in * * * model of *, * * * * in length, removed from an old * * * *. * is from a * * to have been taken from *, showing an * * * from the *. * * * under the care of *, in a woman * * * * * * * in diameter and six * in height. * hard at the * and had a * *. * there was * * * * * constantly shed * * * *, one of which was presented to the King. * * * * *. * * the case of an * who had a * * into three *, * * *. * * of a woman who had a * *, growing from her *. There is an account of * of a * * * * in length * * of a woman * *. * describes a woman * from whom * * * * * * *, growing from the left * *. * * * * reached the corresponding *. It was * *, * *. * at the base, and *. at the apex, * * *. It began to grow at the age of * * * *. * * before the * * * * * * from the head of a woman. * * * * long, and at the time of * of it was * place in the *. * * case of * * * in the *, * There was a woman * *, * * *, who had a * * from the face * * * * and which * *, * * representing the growth during *. * * * * from the *; * * * * * * that was removed from the * a woman * *; * * * * * * * * * growing from the * of a * * * * of a dermal horn of the *; * * * * * * * from the * membrane of *; * * of one from the eyelid; * * * * *; * * of a * from the lower lip, * of one from the neck.
* * * instance of a * growing from an * *. The patient was * years of age * victim of congenital *. He was * * *, * shortly after the wound * * * * *, followed by a * about the size of a *. * of a * * * long and * *; * * * * *. There is * of a * * * who had a * on his * * * *. * * a case of a * * *, which was of sebaceous origin and was * by an *.
* reported the case of a * * * *, living in *, *, who had * * from her *, *, *, ears, and *. * * of a * * * * * * * *, who had * * * long and * * * growing from * and toes.
* presents a * * grew from the middle of the leg * * below the knee in a woman * *. It was * * of more than two *, and during * * had reached the length of *. * * * *, * * * in diameter, and it * * * * * * in diameter. * * * * on the * at the * of a *. * * * speak of * from the * * * * * who had a * * * * * * * * growing from the left *. It had been * * * by the * * * * * * *. The length of the pieces * *. * * * * on the clitoris about the size of * * in a * origin from beneath the *.
* are generally * but cases of multiple formation are known * * * record a * case with * * on the palms and soles. A female * * * as many as *.
* * the case of a man * *, *, *, and lips * covered with * *, * * * * *. The patient was * * *, and had been exposed to the * his life. He had * * attacks of * * *. When he * * * * * * * * and were brought to the physician *; and the photograph was taken after the patient * * horns in situ on his *.
Anomalies of the * * is quite rare, and it is seldom that we see instances of individuals who have * * of hair from birth. * knew of two * * * * * * never had hair or *. * * case of a man * * * ever since * * * of hair and in whom * * * * *. * * on his * *, * a year before * precisely the same *. * says that the * some other people * * * by the aid * * *, * about the genitals. * * * a man * * * never had * growth of hair * *, * *, * of the sense of * and almost of that of *. * no apparent *, and when * * * * * * * * in order to moderate * * * *. * * * in wet * in a * * * *. There was * hair in the axillae and on *, but only the slightest * on the scalp, and even * * on the skin. * * * * * * *; he was the youngest of *, * * sick, and though not able to chew * in the *, he had never suffered from * in any form. * * and had * *. Of these, two * * * of teeth, * had the ordinary quantity of hair. * of an * * * * who was * * * on the head, face, and every part of the body. He had *, * *, who was * *. * * * * of another * *, * * * *, that contained * *. This is very * * * * are a very * * of people.
* * a boy of three and a half in whom there was congenital absence of hair and an * condition of the * *. His mother was * from the age of six, * *. * * * cases of * * of a * * (a boy of thirteen and a * * *. They had * * * * *, and had * * addition there were neither * * * * * trace of *. The children * otherwise healthy * *. The parents and * * * * * * growth of hair. * * a case of a man *, who was * devoid of hair all his life * * * *. * skin was very delicate and * absence of * * * *. The skin * * *, *, * absence of pigmentation. * on the * of the head and back was very *, *, *, and not more in quantity than that of an infant * *. There was a similar * in his * * the case of a young * * * * * * on the * * head and no *. * * and had never * *. * * * *.
* * the case of *, who was a patient in the * * * * * The skin of this * * * * *, although in * * * * found to be beset with a quantity of very white and *, similar to the * that covers the scalp of infants; * * on the * there were a few * * by the * of several * which the patient * off. The * were merely indicated by a few * * * *; the free edges of the eyelids * *, but the * of each of these * indicated by a * point. The beard * * thin and * * * * * * * * weeks. A few * * * on the breast and pubic *, as in young * the approach of *. There was scarcely any * *. It was * more abundant on the inner parts of *. * * * like that of a * * *. * * of an * * * had syphilis *. His mother and both * * * of hair, but his father * the same * *.
* are on record of women devoid of hair about the genital *. * says that he * the body of a * who was * * from the umbilical *.
* * is seen in animals. There is a species of dog, a native * * * * * * * and in the *, which is distinguished for its * *. * * has been observed occasionally in *, *, *. * * seen a * * * *, * * a female which in her * * * * to two of her *.
* and Hair * growth or development of the hair may be accelerated by the state of the organs of generation. * * noticeable in the pubic * and the beard, and * * in the section on * * *; *, * * * * showed a child * * * * * in whom * development of * * * that of the hair to such a degree * the age of six, the chest of this boy was * * * * as is usually seen in adults. It is well known that * * a great part of their *, and after removal of * women are seen to develop an extra quantity of * * of an infant with a beard, and * * * * * *.
* women are not at all *. * * a female * * * * shortly after * had ceased. * * * fact that after the menopause women * *, the same being the case after removal of any of * * *. * * * * who had *, * * * * * *" * * * women of * * * * * * * or no *. * * says that * * * are causes of female *, * * * * * of a young * * * * * *, * * had a *.
* *, who lived in the 16th century, had a * to her *. The most * * *" * *, who died in a hospital in * * with a * * * *. * * * * * * * hair and had a full beard and *. * * * in both jaws, and the teeth * * in an irregular fashion. She had * * * * * * *. * examined in * who died * *, * * * a full * * * *.
* * * cases of * *, * of the * * * *. One of the patients * * of age and had been * * years following * *. She would not permit the hair on her * * *, and the curly * * * attained a length of * to ten * on the *, * on the upper lip * * * * *. * patient was * * in all *. The second case was a woman * *, * * *. She had * * *, * * * * * * *, * * in color, and a * * on the upper lip. The third case was that of * * *, * * a strong * for the *. * * had been * until the menopause. * * beard, and it was seven or * * * * * and one * on the lip. * * * * *. Another case was that of a woman * *, *, *, developed a * before the *. * * * * in character, and it is said that *, who was *, had a * also. A * case was * a woman * * *. * *, * from the age * had a considerable quantity of hair on the side of * which eventually became a full *. * * * * free from excessive * *, * * * * * *. * * was very *; * * * * and a half, * * normal children, * * for one *. * * *" of every * is an evidence of the curious interest in which * are held. The accompanying * is a * * * *" born in * *, *. * * * in length.
There is a class of anomalies in which there is an exaggerated development of hair. We would * expect to find * *, who are not provided with * against the *, * with an extra * * or having a * * * animals; but this is * * * *. * * presence of hair * human body has been known for many years; the description * in the Bible is an early *. * says that * * * * came to the * * * * of a *, *, and two daughters, who were * over their * by long hair, and their *, * * *, resembles the modern instances of *.
* there was shown in England and *, * * *, * * of seven * *" a native * * * body of this * * covered with * *. * * of the * type, and this, with her * powers of * and lips, * her the title * * link." In there was * * * the name of *" * *, * * * *, * face, head, back, and limbs * with a brown * * * * * * * long. The other parts of the body * * * *, but less *. * * had a * *, *, who was * * *.
A family living in * *, * history is * * * * *, consisting of a *, a daughter, * *, were nearly covered with hair. * 84
represents a somewhat similar * who were * * *.
* *, a young * * *, * * *, * * all over the body, with the exception * hands and feet, by thick, * *. * * * in this country only a few months since by a * * the rounds of the * * under the * * *, * * *" * * * * that of *.
Sometimes the hairy anomalies are but instances of * *. * * * * examined at the * * * was an example of this kind. *, *, * * * * *. Many of the * men" were * * * * *.
* * that he has seen a young man * * * * * to the public under the name of a new * * * * breast and back * covered with * * of considerable *.
The surface upon which it * * of a * *, different from the color of the surrounding *. Almost the whole * * * * covered in the same manner. On the * * * of hair * * * * * * * to eight lines in diameter * * * legs. The hair * *, of the same * * of the head. * informs us that he * * * * man who from his * * * with a * of his * like that of a * *, and he * * * which were * among the * * * * * *, * *, *, * * * in which the face * * to a greater or less * *. * * a child of six * * * *, except the feet * *, * covered with a great * * brown spots of different *, beset with * and not so * as that of a *, * * * resemblance to the * of that animal. * * * * of the surface of this * * in the early part of this * * a case * there was a large tuft of long * * growing from *. * * * a case of a young man * * * * * * tuft of hair as long and * * *, as that of the head, and, * in this case, the skin from which it * * * * * as the * of the rest of the body. There was * * *, under the * of "the * * *" who had growing from the center of her * * * a veritable * of long, * *, * * from a form of *.
* * a case of extensive hypertrichosis of the back in a * * * *; * * * *; * * of the back and numerous * nevi on *. * * * there were tumors of the nature * *. In addition to hairy nevi on the other * the body there was * *.
* * an interesting case of * * * * *. There were also present * * * *) and numerous smaller * over the * * observed the patient in * * * *, and he stated that he was born with a large * over the upper parts of the thighs and lower * * *, * *, * resembling the * * *. The same * true of the small * parts and the * * *. Subsequently the altered portions of the * * * somewhat larger. The skin of the large *, as well as that of the smaller *, was stated by * have been in the main thickened, in part *, * * * * * dark brown in color; * * the larger * and smaller tumors soft, *, *. The case was * one of large * * * * * *.
* * boy was shown at the * * with a dark, * * situated in the lower part of the trunk and on * in the position of * *. * * * * cases with * *. * * of the * referred to had a * * *, extending from * all over the back. * * and her * * * * * growths of all sizes * * * *, trunk, and limbs. According to *, * * * case, with extensive * * * * back and nevi of all sizes *, is described * * * *" * * * in which a large * * half the * * by the *.
In some instances the hair and * is of an enormous *. * * * * * a female of *, * * * *. * * * * * * in the interior of this country * * * * * when he * *, * * * *. * ago there * * * * * *" * * * the ground, and with whom * one is * through a * * which they *. In Nature, * is an account of * * * * * * * * * * * *, probably the greatest * * * * on record. * * *, * *, * * * * * *. * * *, * there is a * an old * * * * * * * * as long.
* * contains the account of a woman who had * from the * * * * to the knees; it was * * *, as was also the other * of the body.
* * * * * *, with an * *, who had but little * * * on the trunk, but whose * covered with a most * *. It was * * *, * * *, dark brown in color, * a mass * * * * *.
* pathologic conditions may give rise to accidental growths of hair. * * accustomed to * in his * * * a man who, having an * tumor in the thigh, * * * covered in a short time with numerous *. * * of several instances of this kind. In one * affected by a blister in a child of two * * *. * * was that of a student of medicine, * * in the sea for a length of time, and * to the * *, * affected with * * which there * a growth of hair. *, * * * *, * of a woman * *, * skin and hair of deep *, * after a long * by an * analogous to * * * on the back, breast, and abdomen, with a multitude * * similar to those which appear on exposure *. * * * * * at the end of a *, and short, *, * * was observed on the * *, * * * * that the whole surface of the * the exception of the hands and face * *. * * * * * * * spontaneously and was * *.
Anomalies of the Color of the * infants sometimes have * of hair on their * which are perfectly * *. * * of a young man * * from its * * *. * men from * * * * gray; and according to *, * *, * * * *, diseases of the scalp * *, wounds of the head, * *, * * * *, * * * *, too great *, *, have been known to * * *.
* * * of the sudden * of the color of the hair * * * or other causes * * * interest, and many * explanations have been * account for it. There is a record in the time of * * * young man who was committed to * * * * * *, and while there was in great * * * * * from the * the next day. * * * *, * * * * and pale and his * * *, the change * * place in the *. * * * * *, and the *, * * * *, * *. There was a * * * * at the age of thirteen * * * * of the hair * * in a single * this was confined to a * on the back of the head * in length. * * * * *, and in * * * *. The same * * of a * *, * *, * *, * * * * * * * long and dark on one side and light and * the other. One side of her body * * *, * * * * light and *. * * seen by the * *, but no cause could be established.
* * the occurrence of * * *. * had a * * * * * * * * consequence of some * * * *. * records a similar *. According to *, * by the name of *, * before the Chamber * * * * in the trial of the * *, * * * * * * * * * in a single * * mention of this peculiar anomaly in the * of the "Prisoner of *.
* * * *, but not with *, * * * *
In a single *. * * * * * * *.
* * say that * * reference to * * and others. The fact of the change is * * *, the wife of * *, * in not quite * * *, * and not * being the cause. * *' case of a * * * who was * * * * * with symptoms of delirium tremens; * began to set in * *) he was * * * * of the *. In the * the day * * the hair of the head and * the patient, * *, * *. * * * * the pigment contents of the hair * *, and led * to believe that the white color * * to the excessive development of * in the *. * * * the premature and especially * * * connection with * * * * quote the * * * * * *" ("To worry * * *. * on several occasions in his own * * * * * * in a night and which he *. * * * * on the subject with the belief that it * possible for * * to turn * in one * * * a less time, * * * * * * *. * * * * * * * * * * during a severe * * * * * * * color in five * * * * * on the back and *; most of the * * * to red, but some to * white, and in * all the red * * white and a quantity * *. * * * general health, but with almost * * *, only a few *, white, and * * * * * and temporal *. * * the case of * * which was nearly killed by some *. * * * * * * of the head * * white, and about half of those on the back of the * * *.
* * a case of puerperal * in a patient * * * which was * with sudden *. * *. * *. * of blood * *. Between the time of *' *, not more than an hour, the hair * * * * * *. The next day it was * *, * four or * * was nearly its natural *. * * * cases of sudden * * *.
* * the case of a healthy * * * * * * * * * * *, which was *, that a * * length of the back * * *, * * * about two * * around the *. * weeks later she had patches of * * * *.
*, in Science, * has collected * instances of sudden *, several of which will be *.
"In the * * of Medical Science, *. is reported a case of sudden * due to *. * showed a great many * both in the * and between the medullary and cortical *.
"In the * Medical and Surgical *, is reported a case of a man * years old, * * * *' * * * by a * *. He was * in a * *, * *, * * *. * * * found a * * * *.
"A second case is that of a man * * years who was * * *. * * * * * * * turn of a *. He was * * * * * cards were being *. The next day * * * *.
"In the same * is the statement that the * * of the * * does not * * *, but when * * it is sudden, usually the result of * * *.
*, * * *, describes a young man * *, * * in the * * * * * * * * * * with a *, * * * * *, * * of the body * beard and hair on the right side of the body was found * * *, the left side * *. * * * * * *, * * cured of his * * * was still white, and no * * * * *.
* * *, who died in * * of the * of his *, * he had put to death on a * * *, had a change of color in his *, which became * *. *, * * *, * almost immediately after a terrible *, *, * *, * the same * after a * * * in the *. The beard and the hair * * * * * * * hours after * his father had been * * at the battle *.
* * * of a * * * * * * in whom the middle portion of the cilia of the * * and a number of the * of the lower lid * in a week. Both eyes * *, but no other * * *. * * case is * * *, * * have seen * *. * * * * * of a * in whom the hair of the left * * * to turn * after a * of sudden *, * * * all the hair of these regions * * white and *. No other * * * * was there any other * a traumatic * of the left and * of the right eye in a boy * *, * * a group of cilia of the right upper lid and nearly all * of the upper lid of the left eye, * * *, * * in a short time. * * * * to become * * * are also on record of local * * * * * * * of isolated branches of *, especially of the * *.
* and Partial * special interest are those cases in which * of the hair is only *. * * a case in which the black * of a woman * began to * on the * day of a *, and on the sixth * * * * *, * * * day the * * * again, and on * * after the change they had become as black * * *. * records a case in which the hair * * * * * * it in *. * * * * *, * * * for a long time, * it all * white, and after * so for a * returned to its original *.
* of the hair is sometimes only *. According to * an adult * * * * * had a * * * over the *, and several * cases are on * tells us that * of one side only is * by severe *. * * known the beard * * in one place and white in another. * * * * * on one side of the face * * * * * color on the other. * * cases of * * * of one side of the body.
* * * * of hair in a * * * *. * * * from the roots to a distance * *. The probable * was a temporary alteration of * *. When the * was cured * * *. * * *, as well as *, speak of different * hair in the same * it is not at all rare to see individuals with an * patch of hair on the head. The members of the * * * * said to possess a tuft of white * * * of their *.
* * * describes a * case in a * * * affected with partial *. In the family * * there was stated to be congenital *, and some * * had been observed * *. In the * year, after a grave attack of *, the hair to a great extent * out. The succeeding * * was stated to have been * * in tissue * * * at the points. Soon after * * * appeared on the occiput, and in the succeeding * * * * * * * also on the anterior * portions of the scalp. In the * * * * signs of infiltration of the apex of the right * * * * * * on. At the time of * the patient * the appearance shown in * * * * * throughout, the * * * *, * * * * *, and in the * a few groups of white *. The white patches * * the left side of the head. The * growing on them *, but otherwise normal. The patient stated that * * *. He was * * * * * * *, * at the apex of the right lung.
* * Changes of the * * * liable to undergo * changes of color * with some * that part of the * * * *. * * *, gives us a report of the case of a young *, after a severe fever which * a very difficult * a fine head of hair during a discharge of * * * the head in every part. * tells us, * the hair * * of a deep * * after the * the patient. The same * * of the case of * * with brown *, *, * lost it all during the * * *, * * replaced with a crop of the * * and gray * has also, * * *, * * * of the same color as the individual * *. We are * * * * that in the white * a woman * years of age changed to black a few days * *. * * in this case were found of great *, * * with a substance from which the hair * *. The white * * *, on the contrary, * * * much smaller than those producing the black. * died of *. * A very * *, * early in the century, was that of a woman * *, * *, * * * red color * as she * affected with a certain fever, and returned * * * as soon as the symptoms *. * * the case of a young *, * years of age, who had * * * * *, and who, in the * * that the hair began to fall out from * of her *, so that * six months * * * * *. In the beginning of *, * * * with a kind of black * * * * * * denuded, and light brown * began to develop from * of the scalp. Some of this * * again when it had * three to four *; the rest * * * * from its * * * of a * color from *. The hair, * *, * *, had a very *.
* * * * cases of women with * * which all * * after a severe * * in one case), and * * * it was * *. * * * a young * * * * * after an illness, and after * * *. According to *, in an * * * type (in an * * *, * * * * and excitement, the hair in the * * * and in the * * red. The change of * place in the course of two or three *, * * * * ends, and * of the same * * seven or *. The pale * * * * than the * * * * structural change in the brain and spinal * * * reported a case of suppurative disease of * bone, in which the hair changed from a * * *; * * records a congenital case in a *, in whom the hair on the left side was in light * * * and dark patches of dark brown like a *; on the other side the hair was a dark brown. * the changes which have occurred in rare instances * * dark brown to red.
* * of various * *. * * is seen in workers in * * * * *; * hair in *; * * hair in * * * *; * * * * * * * * used on a * come in contact with an *, * * * *. Among such cases in older * * * * speak of * *; * * instances of the same, for one of which he could find *; the other * worked in a * *.
* * causes are given * *. * * * * * *; * * * *; * * * * * *; * * *, * description of *, * * *. * the following *: A man * * from a fever, * *, * six months * * that he had * all his *, * *, *, *, *. * * * *, the hair * * *.
The principal anomalies of the nails * * *, hypertrophy, and displacement of these organs. * * * * * * * either very * * absent; in others they are of great * *. * * * * * * * * a great length and * much time in the care of these * * * have long and * * resembling the * *, and use them in the same way as the lower * is a description of a person with * * * * of a *. * *, in his * * * * *, says that many * have two * on the * *, and other instances * * have been reported.
The nails may be reversed or arise from anomalous *. * * * * from the inner side of the digits; * case, in which the fingers * *, * * * implanted on the *. * * * knew of a case * * came from the * of three digits; and * * * * * are to be found.
* * a description and drawing of some * * to the * * * * *. The largest of these * * * *, *, from its * to its * *; * * of which it * * * over the other, like the * on a *, *. * * and several of the others were of * and were * *, * * account of * of the * or the * *. * * * sent to * * *, * of the *, belonging to an old woman who had lived in *. They were * thick and * *, * * of a *. * informs us that he * a patient at * * who had a * like that of a *, instead of a * * great toe, the extremities of which were * * * * * the whole of the other * * *. The skeleton * *, preserved in *, * * * ankylosis of all the * and the * of all the nails. The fingers and toes, * * *, * * * of great length and nearly of *. A woman by the name of *, living in the * * *, * * * woman with *" * the description given by * * * * and not * * instance of the excessive * * *.
* * * account of the nails of a * * *, * * to such a size that some of those of the fingers * * in length. They were composed of several *, *, * on the *, * full of *. * * * off at the end of four months and * by others. There were * * * on the * shoulders and * * * * resemblance to *, * *. They were * only at the point of * the skin. Various other parts of the body, particularly * of the hands, * * * *. * * * * * in length. * * * * *. *, in the * *, * * * case in a * * *.
Anomalies of the *, *, * *, *, * *, *, *, * * * * in which children have come into the world with * * *. * has collected cases of * * *. * * describes an infant * * * * *. * * men are * * * born with *; * * * * * * * at birth. *, a physician and * * * *; *, * *; *, * *, * * some of the ancient * * *, * reputed to * * *. The significance of the * * * * not always that of *, as many of the subjects * in life. There were * * typical of fetal * before the * * * * *. One of * had two * * in the lower * and the * * * * *. * * a female born with * * in the lower *.
* * a case of * development of * *. *, *, *, *, and others report the * * in the newborn. * *' case the teeth had to * * account of ulceration of the tongue. * * * late in life are quite *, * * a hundred *. * * of a man of one * * who had * * *. * * * the case of * *, * * over a century * had two * * * * instance of dentition at one hundred and * * of one at one hundred, and the * * account of a triple * at one hundred and *. * * account of a country * * * all his * * * * * * * * year of age, but about a * * a new set * their appearance. * * account of an old woman who * * * * * * * *. * * a case of * * * * * *. * * of a third * * * of dentition of a molar at the age *. There is a record of a physician of the name of * * all his * * until the age of *, * * *; * five years another set *, * * * his death at one *. In the same report * * an old * who died at one hundred and * * * * at an advanced age * he had * * *. One of the older * * of dentition *, *, *, and one hundred and *. * Transactions of * * * * * * * *. * * of an * who had * * * at the age of *. * there is recorded * * * and an * an old man * * who had * * *. * * * instance of * * at the same age. There * * * * account of a woman * * * * * * * *, each time a new set * *; * * * * * *. * describes an example of third *. * * * observation of a * *.
* have already * the association of congenital * * *, *, strange to * * * * *" was the subject * *. * * atrophy of all the * in a woman * * * never had * * * * a boy * * who had never had teeth, and * woman who had * * in both *; * * * *. * * of a child who was * as to * *, but who had the permanent * and fully *. * describes a man * * * * from birth, who also * * * * *, and was * without the sense of *; * * * * * covered with fine * and he had never * *. This is probably the same case * * * * * regard to the anomalies of hair. * * *, * of two * who were both *. It might be interesting in this connection to * * found in a fetus at term all the * follicles in * * *, leaving no doubt that, if the fetus * * *, it would have been *. * the absence of teeth in an infant * * * describes a child * *, with only * * *, * the alveolar * * as in *. * * * * seen a man who never had * *.
* anomalies of excessive * are of several *, those of simple supernumerary teeth, double or * *, * * * *. * * a child with * in the inferior * bone, and * a young * * * * * * * * * in the superior *. * * a case * of four *, * * * * * * * * days in the jaws and associated *. In an * * * * * * * on each side and in each *. * * * * * * * * *. * persons have * * * with their neighbors, * *. * * a case in which there were * * in the upper *, * * * on either side, * on the right side behind the other two. The patient * years of age, well formed and in good health.
In some cases there is fusion of the teeth. *, *, * * * to have seen the * of all the * a continuous mass. In the * * * * *" there are several *, both of the superior * *, which are fused together. * * a case * there were * rows of teeth in the superior * * * * rows of teeth, and the * * account of a similar *.
* * the most * * of teeth is that in which they are found in other than normal * * of teeth in the nose and *; *, * *; * *, under the tongue; *, * *; and there are many * * *. * * wrote a * * * *. The following is * *: *.
"In the * * * *, *, it is reported that *. *, at a meeting of the Medical * *, showed a * removed from the nose of a woman *. The patient had * * * *, * * was found * during the routine * was easily *, having been situated in a small * the junction of the floor and external wall of the *, *. from the external *. * patient had * *; they were * * far from each other. The * * * *; the end of the * * * with a * of mucous membrane, with *. The speaker suggested that part of the * of the mouth with its * had become * the superior * * bones and thus cut off * cavity of the mouth. * * * * * * * it to be due to an * in the wrong * which the tooth * * into the nose. The same * * pointed out that * epithelium of the mucous membrane did not prove * with the cavity of the mouth, as it is known * * * * * * * * *.
* * a young man * who had an opening in the * * occasioned by the extraction of a *. * * with the nasal * by a fracture of * * * *; * * of an * *. It is not rare to see *, * *, * * from the * of the palate; and these * * * *, * examples of * * * *. *, *, * an example of * * * in the * *. * * a little * * who had two large * in the * * * otherwise normal, but a portion of the nose * by ulceration. * describes a * * * * had a * in the nose, * to have been a tumor. * of the * type, and was covered with * * * with the root, which was * * in the side * part of the antrum. The boy had a perfect set of * and no *, swelling, or cystic formation of the * * clearly a case of * * * of the tooth in an anomalous *, * * that while in other * cases the * of the * * at the floor of the nasal cavity * * * this instance the * * * *, * * * * *. * * * instance in which * * * of a * * in the nose. * * * evidence of hereditary *. * * * who had a * growing from the lower right *. * * * * * *; * * * * it had a somewhat * *.
* anomalies of the head the first to be considered will be the * * *, strange to say, have been known * *. * * an example of life * * * * * without a *. * records the birth of a * * * * * that it was kept alive for *. There was a child * * * * * * * or a * *, * * * * * * *. A somewhat similar case is recorded in * *. In the * * * * a child * * without a head who lived *; * * * records a case of a child * * *, * medulla oblongata, and who lived * * * describes an * * born at term * * *. * * * * * at term * * * *. * * a child with * * * * * * *. * * * * * * * * * * * * * *, reported a case of * * *, associated with * * and limbs in a state of * * * * * * *. * * * * * * lived a quarter of an hour. * one that * * hours, and * describes a * in which * * * * hours and * * *. * * life in one for * * * has given a description of a child * * * * * a full day and * *. * * * * * * * a monster of this * * * days, and was * * milk and * *, * * could be found who was willing to * *.
* * * * * *, * * * *, *, * from birth * * signs of * of the cerebellum. * * power of * * with a *, * *; they could not * nose with the finger when their * * *, *. * of these * * * * *, * the rest of their *. * * a case of a * * who had * * cerebellum, with the * which are characteristic in such cases. There is * the history of a man who was deficient in the *; at the age of *, * * * * * * signs of nervous *. * * * * on a woman who had no trace of olfactory lobes, and * * * * * * * found that * sense of * * * * * *.
* relates the history of a case * analogous to viability of * *. It was a * * * * hours after he had * one of *. * *} The argument that the brain is not the sole organ of the * is in a measure * by a * case of * *, reported from *. * * * * * severed the larynx and removed the whole mass of *, leaving the inner * and base of the skull * * * * *; the external auditory meatus *. Immediately after the * * * * to its * * *, but it * * * *, where it was * and subsequently * * * * * esophagus, and allowing water to * into this * * * of an *. * * exhibited by * * * *. It made all the * *, * *, * * *, attempted to *, of course, * * * *. * * * * *, * did not seem to hear. A * was the *, * * * * * *.
* * * instance of congenital absence of the *. * * * * cases in which the *, * *, * * * * * * * * malformation of the brain, * almost complete absence of the occipital lobe. The * at the * *. * * the case of * who died at the age of * who had complete absence * * in addition to other minor * * * probably the case * * *. * Diminution in volume of the head is called *. Probably the most remarkable * on record is that * * * * was called *" or the human * * * * was only *. * * * * * *" * *, * was only slightly larger than that of the * mm. in *. * * * * among some of the peoples * *. We also * * * * Islands, and from the * * * * * * we are led to believe that they were *.
* * * * * * * *, * * * years have been shown in * and in * * name of the *" or the * *. They were * female and very short, * * * * * on the ancient * * * *. * * was about *, and they had * * * * * *. * * * hair in an enormous * * * *. * * were born in Central * * * * * * *. They were little better * * point of *.
* represents a * * known as the * * *" who was shown with the * *.
* * * * * * * * was no larger than that of a * child, and whose head was scarcely * as a * *. * reported a case of a * * * * * *.
* * * * speak of * as a * * * microcephaly, and some * * * * * * * *.
As a rule, * * * * * * * * development of the rest of the body. Ossification of * in a mature * * * * * of the brain. * and others have * *. There are cases on record in which the * * * * *.
Augmentation of the volume of the head is called *, and there are a number of * * *. * an individual, * well formed, whose head * * * *. * * * * * * * and the * * * * in height; * portion of his * * *; * * * and he was very intelligent. * died of * * * * *. * * * of a cranium in the * of the Natural History * * * of a man by the name of * died in At the time he was described he was * *, * * in height; * * * * * * and one * in height. There was a * *, * * * * * *" meaning in the *, * * no more * * *" This man, * * * all over *, was not *, * * *, to maintain the weight of his *, * * * * * * * * * *. * * * * * a man who died in the same * * at the age *. * * was enormous, and he * * on a * * *, * * * in a chair, * * *. * * * once in * * * *, * *, and never used * *. His knowledge was * have been * * *, and he * * * heard the * * *. There is related * * * *, who was seen in * early in this * years of age, of middle *, with a head * * * * * * * * * *. * * * * long, and his * so large that * * * * as others would an apple. He was an * * * was a * * years old, * measured in * *; from one * meatus to another, *; from the * * * * to the * *, * distance from the * to the * * inches; and * * to the soles of the feet, he was a *. *, who died in * Hospital in and who was * for the size of his *, * * * *.
The largest * * on record, that is, of men of *, are those of *, * *; * *, * * (the circumference * * * *; * *, * *, and of *, * *. * * * * * *, showing marked * *.
* * instance in this * is that * * *, * * * account of a double * found in an infant. * finding a * *, instead of being * * * *, consisted of two * * with a triangular * *.
When the augmentation of the volume of the cranium is caused by an abundant quantity of serous fluid * * is known *. In this condition there is usually no change in * of the * itself, but often the cranial * * * *. * * of a * * * * * * *; * * whose head * inches; and *, * *. * represents a child of six * * * *. * shows a * who was * through this country.
There is a record of a * * * of healthy * * *. * * was caused by a deficiency * material of the bones of the head. There was * of development of the parietal, temporal, and * bones, in consequence of which a very small amount * cerebral substance could be protected by the * of the cranial *. The inferior * * * * were both *; the ears * well developed * * * and active; the * * * * was no * to the mouth * * to the *. * * * free from *, *, * *. * * to slough. There was * * on the left * second and third * of both * * * * * *; the right foot * the distal * * * * and the left * * * * * *. * * when fed from a *, appeared to *, * no sense of light. * * shortly after * * was made.
* a deficiency in the osseous material of the cranium or an abnormal dilatation of the * gives rise to * of the meninges, which, if accompanied by * in any *, causes a large and * * * *. If there is a protrusion of *, a condition known as * * *.
Complete absence of the inferior * is much rarer in man than in animals. * * * have described a * of this anomaly in a *. * has named * the total or partial absence of the inferior * * *. * atrophy of the inferior * been seen in man as well as in the lower animals, but is * frequent than atrophy of the superior *. * the case of a young man who had the inferior * * that in infancy it was impossible for * to take * the breast. He had * almost complete * * *. * * * deformity of the *, resulting in * of the * of the lower *. * * * on a * * conformation of the lower * * * *, * causing the death of * on this account. * gives a description of a lower * development of the left * of which had been * * arrest of development of the left * of the lower * combined with malformation of the *.
* prominence of the * is called *; that of the superior * is seen in the * *. * * is observed in man as well as *. * *, for example, * *, but in * * * is really * *, * * * * in development.
Congenital absence of the nose is a very rare *. * * * an example in an individual in which, * of the nasal *, there was a * * * two small * a little less than one mm. in diameter * *. *.
* in volume of the nose is quite *. * * of a * * * larger than *. * * *, we find that *, to whom was given * *, had a nose which * * *, *, * * had a similar *, * * * * * * * * the Superb.
Early in the last century a man, * * * *, with a * * *, * * *. This man * * he had lived, in a condition * best described as the most * *. * * is taken from a * of an old * * * to be a true * of this * *.
There are * * * about the nose which increase its volume * * as to interfere * and even with *; but these will be * in another *.
There have been * * * * * *. * * * *, * * *, * * * * in the * * *, * * *.
There are a few * cases of congenital division of the nose. *, *, and the * speak of *. * * * * * * * * *. * * the case of an infant of three * * * * * on the right * * * * * of the eye. It was *, with its base * was the size of the natural nose of an infant of that * * passed through *. *, *, * * * * occlusion of the posterior *. * * * cases of congenital occlusion of the anterior *.
Anomalies in size of the mouth are not uncommon. * * the history of a man who had a * so large that when he * all his * * could be seen. There is a history of a * * who had a * *, * * * *. The mother * * boy was born with his * in his mouth and to this * * *. * * races are noted for * * * * *. * * * * * * * *, could put * * * * *.
* * * cases of congenital * accompanied by malformation of the * and by * *. * * * * * * * * * of the eye. * is sometimes produced by *. In other cases this malformation is unilateral and * *, in which instance the * may be * * * of the duct of *. * * * with these anomalies * * * * *, either through the * by means of a * * the anterior part of the neck.
* are a few cases on record in which the mouth has been so small or * as not to * * * * an individual * * * * was the * of a * *.
* records a case of congenital * of the mouth. *, *, *, * * * * * of the mouth. * *, scarlet fever, *, *, * * causes that have been mentioned, * * these instances * place at any time of life.
Anomalies of the * * * are particularly noted for their large and * *, some of which * * * signs of *. * * * hypertrophy of the * tissues can * *, such as is seen in * * individual who was * several years ago *. We have in * the expression, * * *" * origin is said to date back to a * * * * *, *, * * * heart and * * one of his * * * * *, * * * * * like a * on his *.
* records a case of * * hypertrophy of the superior * in an infant * * *. * * by surgical operations a case of congenital * * * lip, and * * a similar result in * * with hypertrophy of the lip and lower part of *. * * * * malformation of the lower * in one *.
* may be unilateral or double, and may or may not include the * *. In the * cases it extends in * * sides to the orbit. In other cases the minimum * * * is seen.
Congenital absence of the tongue does not necessarily * *, *, * * *. * * * * * * who was born without a * but who * *. * describes a case in which the tongue *, without apparent * of any of the * * * after loss of the tongue * *.
* * * account of * *, * * readily and *, * she had * * * has an observation of a * without a * * *, * * *. *, *, *, *, and others * * without the * * *.
* * a case in which *, * * that of one * *, was due to * * * * to the floor of the buccal *. * * * removal of the abnormal *. * * * of the tongue of * *' *.
* records such * mobility of the tongue that the patient was able to project the tongue into the * * * * * *.
There have been individuals with * *, after the normal type of * * *, and others who * * *. *. * *, * * *, in his *, written in the * * that he was born with two * * passed through *, *, *, * *. In the * * * * * * observed in a * * * * * cm. in length and * mm. in * a tumor at the base of the normal tongue. It was * *, and on histologic examination proved to be a * with the typical tissues and *. *, *, *, *, * * * * *, * * * * have seen *. * * * instance of * tongue in a * * * *" * * * * * * *. * records a case in which there was a * * of membrane coming from each side of the *.
In some cases there is marked augmentation of the volume of the tongue. * * seen a * with a * so long * * * * * * from his *. * * refers to * * * with a long *, but it was * * * * *. When she * * * * * * like a * * * * cold to the touch. In the same * is a description of a man with a very long * * * * tongue to his * * * * * and acquired hypertrophy of the tongue * * *.
* * and Portal refer to the presence of hair on the tongue, and later there was an account of a medical student * * * and a * * in the mouth. * a considerable growth of hair was found on * of the tongue. * * would be detached * * * * again, and when he was * * they were * *. * * * * in formation.
The ordinary anomalies of the palate are the *, *, *, *, *: they are * * *. The median * * * * * is quite rare.
* * forms of * * * * are employed to * congenital defects. * * a case in * of the entire * * * * * *. In some instances among the lower * * are simple pieces of wood, * * as to fit * * *, and not infrequently the * * *, * obstruction of the * * * *.
* of the * * * * are found in the older *, * * * of a man who was * * *. * * * * * * * as to be * *. *, *, * * *, *, *, *, * * * * * * and double *, * * quite common. * * instances of congenital absence * *.
Anomalies of the * * a man without an * * * * * * *. * * * were so * developed that they * * of the missing *. * * * * * of the epiglottis * interference with * * of a case of * *. * * instance of congenital * of the vocal * * a congenital * * * * * vocal cords until the age of *, * * *. * * * a case of congenital web in *. * * * * occlusion of the * by a membrane.
Instances of duplication of the epiglottis * with a species of * * * * *. * * * * *, * * * * * *, * * of an extra * when he was *. * * * * * * run the scale from A to * in an * lower range. * * of the low * * * * * could not reach the high * of any * with it, and * * * used it to break in on the * and produce *. He was * to possess a double *. * * describes a young * who could * at will with the lower part of her * and without the aid of her * * showed that the fundamental * * * * of the edges of the vocal cords, and * * effected by a minute * * * *, * * * * * * cord, and * * * * the ventricle and * * * preventing the * of the cords * * middle third. * in the same * * * * a boy of nineteen, * seemed to be affected with *, and who * * *. He was * * * * * * * *. The treatment * to the * and consequent * of the *, and he * * * * * * *. * *} The following is a description of the * formation of a * who has recently * * by her ability to * * of the highest * * * the greatest * * *. It is extracted from *, *, *: "She has unusual development of *, * * her to throw * * * * degrees of * the entire length of the * or only a part *. But of greatest interest is * control over the muscles which regulate the * modification of the * *, * *, oral, and nasal, and * * * the quality * *. * * * *, and the two * * *. The epiglottis during the * the highest * * upward and * * * * wall in such a way * almost entirely * * * *, at the same time that it * * * to those * *.
Complete absence of the eyes is a very rare *. * * * of seven weeks, * well formed *, * * congenital absence of both eyes. * * * * * in every * *. There are some * * * *, * eyelids and * *. * * a case of congenital absence of both * * * * * and perfect. The child * * *. * * * a case very similar in a * * * *. In a * * *, * * * * deficiency of the external walls of each *, * * * deformity of the side of the head. * * * instance of congenital paralysis of the * muscles in a child * * * perfect and who * *. * * * a case of * *, in which the right eye * * * and was no longer covered by the cornea. * * * of a child * * *. The delivery *, and there was no history of any * *; * * otherwise healthy and well formed.
* * the case of an infant in which both eyes were absent. There were * * on each hand and six * * *. The child lived a few weeks. In some instances of * of the eyeball the eye is present but * * * * portion of the orbit. There are instances of * orbit with no eyes and also a single * * *. Again we may have two * with an absence of * * presence of the lacrimal glands, or the eyes may be * * * *. * * cases in * * was more or less * * and a mass * tissue in each *.
Cases of living *, * individuals with one eye in the center of the * after the manner of the * * quite rare. * * * a case of a * * * * * * *. * * * of the upper lip, * *, *, * absence of the olfactory * The fetus * * * *, * *. * * * * * * * six or seven *, * * eye and an extremely small mouth.
* * * * *" was a * * * of whom * * information is *. * * * *. *, who is * * * *.
* * * *, such a * *, such a * * * of nature I have never seen. It was a * * *' * * * * * placed in *, * * the other and all four of a * *, * * * * * *' * vision in each organ * * *. * * * any particular *, the other * open, or, indeed, as many as * *, * * * to be controlled by his will * * * * *. * could also * * * separately in *, * * with one and * with another, * one and * with another *' He was * *, * *, * * * *, *, * * *, * * * words, and * * like the *, * physical, that he was. * could play the *, * * * *, * * * on the left side, * * * pair of *. * * *, but in a *, * not to be * * * *.
There is a recent report of a child born in * with its * in the top of its head. The infant seemed to be doing * * of people have * to see it. Recent reports * * * born in *, *, * had a median * between two * *. * describes an infant * * * *, but with * eyelids and * *. * * seen the * adherent to *, and by * has given * to the subject.
* * * instance of * *. At the external * of the eyelid was a * of conjunctiva * * 0.5
cm. in front of the conjunctiva, to which it did not * constituting a fourth *. * presents a * in a child of four months, in whom no other *, * organs or of *, was observed. On the right side, in * the external half of the sclerotic, was observed * * with the * *, and which * * * the lower lid * *. When the eyelid * * * * with the globe, * * * so far as * of the cornea and did not interfere with *.
Total absence of both * has been seen in a man * *. * * a case of total * with excellent * * * * *. * * Hospital there was seen a case * congenital absence of the iris. * * * * with congenital absence of the iris who had * * of whom * the same * while the others *. *, *, *, *, *, *, and others * * * deficiency of * in both eyes.
* describes a female of *, living in *, who was affected with complete ossification of the iris. It was * * * * * through the * *; * was only slightly *. No cause * *.
* * than one * in the eye has often been *, and as many as * have been seen. They may * or due to some * * * * * * of two * in one *. *, * * are among the older * * * * *. * * described a * * * * perforated by four * *, * the inner *, * below, and a fourth to the outer *. * three were *; the fourth was the largest and * * as of the separation of the iris * *. There were * * in the left eye, both to * side of the iris, * * * and the * the fourth * in the right eye. * * * at the periphery, * *, and were * sizes. The fundus could be clearly * through all * *, and there was no * * * * changes. There was a rather high degree of *. * * * congenital, and no traces of a * * * of a past * could be found. * * * * an extensive article on and * of congenital anomalies of the iris.
* * * are sometimes seen. * * * have seen this * and there are * * *. * presented to the Medical Society of * * of one *, all of whom * * * * * * * and upward. The family * * * * *, * *, * * *, * * * of ten * * of five and * * * *.
* * a case of congenital dislocation of both crystalline *. * * * * through the * the anterior *. The condition * * * *, * * *.
Differences in Color of the Two * is not uncommon to see people with different * *. * * * * * and the other *, * * * * his name * which this * of the * * * *. * * have been seen in an *. * gives a * of such a case.
* varieties of * are so common that they will be passed without mention. * * * * analysis of
73 cases of congenital defects of the * of the * clinically and *. Some or all of * may be absent or two or more may be *, * * *, *, double, or *, *.
The influence of heredity in the causation of congenital defects of the eye is * illustrated by De *. * * * members of one * * * * * *. * * * operations for the cure * in two *. The operations * * * in all four eyes and followed by *. * * * in one * of each patient, the eye most recently * had a case of * in the * region in a * had a * *. * * the defects *, as the * * * had a *.
* * cases of congenital * in three * of one family. The * of two of them (a boy * *) * smaller than natural, and in the boy in addition * by the action of the * muscles and were *; * * * vascular and the cornea, *, * *, thin, and *; * * were not in the axis *, * were to the nasal side. The * * had the * *, but to a lesser *. The other * * * had a total absence of *, but he * * * with the left eye.
Anomalies of the * absence of the external * is quite rare, although there is a species of *, * *, called the *" in which this * * *, *, *, *, * * * * * * *. *, * * * of the * *, was born * * *. * * obliteration of the * * in the *. * * a case * * of the left auditory canal * * * membrane with total * in that *. * * * showing absence of the external auditory * both sides. * * a case of congenital absence of * auditory meatus of the right ear; and * * * malformation of the external auditory * * right side. There is an instance of absence of the * * * partial loss of *. * * * * * deficient or absent * *. * was that in which there was congenital absence of * auditory meatus of both ears * * * *. * * * * *. *. *, * *, *, reported in was there a * of an opening * in the external ear, and not even an *. * * * *. * * of the face and * capable of receiving * * * * them to the organs of *. The authors know of * of a prominent * * * who is * in external *, * * * is acute. * * * * * * * long and * * * *.
The knowledge of anomalous * is lost in *. * represents the head of an * in the * * * * *. As a rule, * * * *. *, in a report of * * *, * * *, * * * *, represented by * * * in front of the *. They are * *, * congenital, and can be *, giving rise to no * *. They have a * * consistency, and are usually composed of a hyaline * * axis covered with connective * * and skin * * *; sometimes both * * are absent. They are often associated with some form * *, * *, * *, *. * * * vary from * * in number and are sometimes *. * a man having a * * on the right * * *, * * * * * * *. * represents a * with a * in the neck, described in the *, A little * * * * * * more than * * *, * * * * * * *" * * * * * at the sides of the * lower than the angle of the jaw, which were * as to their * contour and made up *. There is * the case of a boy * * on the left side of * *, over the middle * of the * *, was a * * in length; * * of cartilage * * it from a thin *, which was * * * * tissue, forming a striking * to an * * * instance of a * who was * * * of a boy * * * in the neck, and * birth to a child with two * ears and three * on the right side, and on the left side * *.
In some people there is an excessive development of the * *, * them to move their * in a manner * * of the lower animals. Of the * instances the * *, * *, * * * *" that the * * * * * * * * * * *.
* * membrane is * * * *. There is sometimes * perforation of the * in an * *, * * * some people can * from the ear. * * seen several * * who could perform this *, * * * * * * a whole * without losing * *, * * * * either by his *, * *, or in both *. * the same * * that he has seen a woman with * * * *.
Strange to say, there have been reports of cases in which the ossicles * * without causing * * *. * * a case with the * * *, * * * * * instances of *. * * reported a case of * *, the nature of which was unknown, although * neither an inflammatory * nor a remnant of *.
Absence of the * * * * * are either the subjects of * * or of *. Probably the most * of this class was *, * known as *" who died in * * * * at the age of * of a chronic *. He had no *, *, * *, but from very * on each * * * *. * * * a flattened * * * feet attached. * * before the public and was * * * * * nearly all the necessary *, * in all his *, and was credited with * * *. He was * *, * able to * * *. * * is preserved in the *. * * of a woman who three times * * * arms and legs. * describes a living * without any traces of arms * *. * * seen a * * * * lower extremities. In place of them * * three or four * *, closely resembling * * * *. The head, *, body, and * * well formed, and the child *. * the history of a child * * *, * result of * *. * * * * * * * and just below the groin. * * * * * a man * *, * by means of his head and * * * * * hold an *. * * by means of his * * * cards, and * * with the same * * * * * * * * * * *. He was proved to be a * and a * * * * * *. * * * * seen a * * * *, *, and did * * * *. * * of a man * *, * * *, * * * * as well as most people use their *. * * * descriptions of * *.
* describes a child of four * upper limbs were absent, a small * * being in their *. He had * * * * in every direction. and could * * * * and his * process; the * power of * * well developed, as * * * up a * * *. A monster of the same * was the *, *, who was born at * on the 10th * *. He was * deprived of arms, but the rest of * * well formed with the exception of the feet, of which * * * *. * deformity of the feet, *, * * result, as the space between the great toe * * * much larger than * and the * * *. He became * * in his * * * * * a picture * * in height * * at the feet * * after the * * * by the Government * given to the * *. * * * *, who was deprived of * and had only one *. * * * * * * *, *, * * *, *; he was * * * able to pick up a * on a * * * * *. * described to the * * * a young man * *, who was * play a * * * with his *. He was able to take * from his * and to * * *; * * * *, * it, and put it in his *, * *, * a glass, * * with a fork by the aid of his *. There was a * * some time since in * * * *, who was called the * * * * deprived of all his *. * * *, * * * *, with congenital absence of * *. A slight * * * * * of the humerus * * of the left side, * the age of ten there was one on the right side. * * * with her *. * * of a * *, * * one, and * describes a boy * with his upper limbs entirely absent. * * * * * * with only portions of the upper arms and * lower extremities and pelvis. * says that he * * * at the * of St. * * *, a boy * *, * of a small * * *, who had no legs and * * * represented by a * * * * *; he had but two * * on his * hand, and * * * * * * * *. * * * to a * in the quantity of *.
The figure * * * * *, * * *" is in the * of the * * * *. The pelvis * *, * * * to be recognized, * * * and foot *; the left * * *, * far from being in due proportion to the *. He was one of the most remarkable * of his *, * * distortion of his * * * * * * in them. As an *, * * *, he was scarcely *. * * and even * well, and his power of *, * with his * * with his *, * *. * * * were so *, *, * * the floor with his *, but he * * as much with his * as with his upper limbs. * * * left lower *, between the hip * * *, while the right, between the same * * *. * * a boy of five and a * head and trunk were the same as in any other * * *. He was * *, had no * *, * * devoid of lower extremities. The right * * * long and the left * contained the head and * * portion of the humerus. The legs * * masses of cellular tissue and fat covered by skin * about an *. He was *, had a good * * * *. * seemed to have had * * * * power of * of the lower *. * on his * he was unable to rise *, * * * lower part of the pelvis he was able to maintain *. * * picked up * with his teeth, and * * * in the axilla * * * from place to place. * was accomplished by a peculiar twisting of the thorax * of the pelvis. There was no history of * during pregnancy, * injury, and no * * * *. * represents a * * deficiency of the lower extremities. * * a few years ago * *. * * * a similar case in a * * * * * * * * of the * * *, * see how * the congenital defect may be * * *. With her * * * * * * said to have moved * *.
* describes a *" as an *, * entering the class of * * * *; * * * * * * formation of *. The hands and feet * normally developed, * *, forearms, and legs are much *.
* *" * * * so called because her mother when * * * by a *, and also from * * resemblance to a *. The femur * * *, * * had a foot of six *, * * *, * first and second * of the first and second *. * * *, capsule, and ligamentum teres, but no * *; * * had a defective * *. * * * * * * * * disease, but died of syphilis in * Hospital. In her * * * was delivered * * * free of *.
There was a woman living in *, under the observation of *, who had congenital absence of both * and both * all the muscles of the thigh *, and the * to the pelvis * by a large * * gives the * of a woman in whom there was * diminution in the size of the *. * * * man with almost complete absence of the thigh * *, * * * * * a foot. * * * * *, * without a *, *, * * * * side. The external * * * in their *, but there was only one * in the scrotum. * * *. The rectum instead of * * * * * to the right.
* * * * cases of * *. * * of an infant with * * leg, and * * a similar * presented to the * * * in
1830 a child with four legs and feet who was in * * * * * with a large * attached to her *. * * was a single * made by the fusion of two *. * was found and the knee * *. One of the feet * * * * * *, while the other, * * * *, had two * * *.
According to * *, the child * * * was born with a * ending in two legs and two * * * the left *.
* describes a * born in the * * in New *, * who had a third * * from a * * * attached to the dorsal *. * * * well formed and had a * * attached to it. * * * the removal of a * and a * from an infant of four months. * * * * only, one of which did not have a * *.
* says that on the day the * and the * * * a monster was born in * * * * legs of *, * * had two * * * * of the normal *. * * * and was *.
Anomalies of the * * seen a woman who * a child that had three *. * gives a description of a female * the left * double or *. There was only one *, * anterior portion consisted of an anterior and a *. The anterior * * a great toe * * *, * * like an example of * * with the outer edge of the anterior part and * it was a * *, * not unlike * *, * * * * * * * * *. * * * were all perfect and none of * *.
There is a class of * * *" * account of their resemblance to the * * * * of that * the influence of compression * in the uterus * early period of gestation fusion of the inferior * *. The accompanying * shows the * * *, which are thought to resemble * * * *.
Anomalies of the * * of an * *, * * * * *, * * presented by * with infants of both sexes showing the same * * * instance of a woman * *, *, *, and the mother of normal children, who had * hand. The left * * *, * * of the *, and the forearm * in a double hand with * *. * * as a * * * * * of the * *. The double * * * * the maximum * was not so great as that of the *. * * * acute in all three of the hands. * and ring * of the * * * * * as the proximal joints, and the * of this * * * *. No single * of the two * * * while the other * * *. * * * * with somewhat the same *, but in which * of the muscles and * permitted the *.
Absence of * describes a woman * * * instead of having a hand on each arm had only one *, * * * but two *. * was delivered of two * * and one in each having exactly the *. Her mother was * formed, but the father * * * on his * and one * on his * *.
* * photographs of * a remarkable case of suppression and deformity of the digits of both the fingers *.
* shows a man who was * * * *. He had but two * on each hand and two * * *, * * * case in the anomalous *.
* represents an * with congenital suppression of four digits on each *.
* * seen a boy of three in whom the first, second, and third * of each * * *, the great toe * * * * * * that they could be *. * * for four * * out of * defect of the lower extremity. The * * * * * exactly the same *, which has been * *.
* * * * of an infant who was born * * * *; at the * there was a single * by a thin string of tissue. This was the sixth * * * no other *. * * * * * * * * * *.
According to *, * * may be classified as *.
A deficient *, loosely attached by a narrow * to the hand * * (or to another *.
A more or less developed *, free at its extremity, and * with the head or sides of a *, * * *.
A fully developed * *.
A digit * * along its * length with another *, and having either an additional * * * of its own, * * with the head of one * * to it and another *.
* relative to * * have long been prevalent. In the days of the ancient * it was for * * * * * * relative to * * *. Among the * we also * * * * * in an individual with *, * * * hands, on each arm.
*, in his comments on a *, * * which was * * *, * * *, * * *.
* * figure is copied from * * * *' published in * * * states that the body was that of an infant * in the * * * It was * * * *. A detailed description of the skeleton * * reason for now * the plate is that it * * * of evidence in reference to the development * *. * we must not place too much * the accuracy of the *, * he has * * lumbar vertebrae, yet there can be no doubt that * are much * short for the trunk and head. * * applies to the lower limbs and pelvis. * * like those of the * * and of the skeleton * * * * * described in a recent number of *' The point of extreme interest in the present * * * * of the * is associated with * the hands * * *. The right foot * * * * *. The conditions are not exactly *, * some instances a * * * bone is *; * put it *, two are * *. It will be * the upper extremities are so * that the tips of * will only * * the iliac *.
* occurrence of short * * * seems to prove conclusively that the condition may be due to a * * of a totally different nature from *. * * that the infant was not at full term. Among the * the author has * in his * are that * * * its usual size; that the * * *; that the two halves of the lower * * *; and that the ribs * short and * *. *, of course, * attention to the * of the * * of the long bones, and the * *. * * statement that the skeleton * deposited in any * it is very possible that it is still in existence *, and if so it is very * that it should be * *.
* * * * division of thumb * *, shows a typical case of * fingers, and C * case of duplication of several *.
* gives a * of a hand with * fingers and a foot * * *. * * * instance of * * * * * on each *. * * an infant * * * * * * * *, * * *. * relates the history of a woman who had * and two * on each hand, and another who had * on one *.
* * of a case in which a man * fingers and *, * well formed, and * children and * * *. * * * * * on the left *. * * the account of a child who had * * * on each *, * *. * * * in a child of a few months who had * *. There is * record a collection of cases of * * to ten * * hand and from * to ten * on each *. * * illustration of a female *, * * * * * on each *, * * * * *. On each * there was a double * and five *, some of which were *.
The influence of heredity on this * is well *. * was one of the first to prove this, as shown by * family of *, and there have been * * *; it is shown to last for three, four, and * *; * with normal persons * *.
It is particularly in places * * * * * * * * persist in a family. * * * in the * * * living in * * numerous and confine their * to their *. * * digits, and infants born with the normal * * as being the offspring of *. * * * * * * * *, at the end of the last * nearly all * * either on the hands or * * in an * * * *, * for many years * and thus * * * * *, * * * * * * * *. * * the history of * living in * * * * * * *. One of them * * with a normal * to acknowledge *. There is an instance in the * * in which * * * * * *. * * of two children in the * who were *, though not having the same * * *.
* * * report the case of a boy * * both of * * * * of the middle and ring * * nodules of bone between the *, and six * * *. * * * * * *, * * * out of * * * * females and males. The * * * in the female line.
lastword Instances of * * are cited * *, *, *, as well as in numerous * * * is not confined to man *; *, *, * * * * *. *, * * * *, and the * * * * said to have *.
Hypertrophy of the digits is the result of many different processes, and true hypertrophy or * * * * *, *, *, * *, for which * the reader is * an article by *. * * calls attention to * * * *, particularly of the * *, and another condition of congenital *, * * * or before birth there is a *, * *, overgrowth of * * or two, * of a limited portion of a hand * *, * of a part of one of the *. The best * * kind of specimens is in the * * * * *.
* * a most * instance of hypertrophy of the fingers in a * *. The middle and ring * * * * were of * size, the middle * * * in length * * * *. On the * the thumb and middle fingers * hypertrophied and * * * as long as the middle one of the right *. * * had a lateral * *, due to * of the * *. * * *. * * * *, one in a *, * * *, in the * Islands, in 1850,
who had an extraordinary * *, which he * * it in the breast of his *.
* * * photograph showing the absence of the radius and *, * shortening of the forearm. * * * * * had occurred in several members of * family. In some they were associated with * * in the lower extremities *.
* varieties of * *, *, *, *, * * well known that they will be * * only of a few persons who have been noted for * despite their *. *, *, *, * are among the * who were *; * * * * * in a slight degree from this *, *, * *, * * *, * * of the *, * *, * * *, * *, * *, * * * victims of deformed *. *, * * * * *, * * to have * * *. * * * * * * * * quite common in all classes.
* of the character of the vertebrae are sometimes seen. In man the lumbar vertebrae * * * * of the sacral *, the sacral * * aspect of lumbar vertebrae, etc. It is * to see the first * * * * of the dorsal.
* anomalies of the vertebrae are quite common, * in the lumbar and dorsal *, * quite rare in *, although there have been instances of six or * *. In the lower animals the vertebrae * into a *, which, however, is sometimes * * * * *. It has * in the class of * * * * * * * their appearance that the tail * * *. * * * this fact.
* * prolongation of the * * takes the shape of a * extremity in man. * and others * * * and the * represent the normal tail of man, * are not infrequent in which there has been a * * * appended to the coccygeal *. * * * are old and widespread, and * * * * * in almost every country. There was at one time * * that all * * *, and certain men of * said to have been * * * * * * * * * * *. *, * * * * in the * *, describes a * * * * for execution who had a * more than a foot * * covered with red * like that of a cow.
* * * of Central * * reported to have * smooth and hairy and from two to ten * *. * * * that both men and women of this * *. *, * * *, * he is called, in * * * said that there were some people in * * *, but whether they were * * * not be known, as the people could not be * * * * which have been described * * * are really * examples of people * * * about the *, such as * *. A certain * *, * Brown, in * of a formal * of a * * * *, * * of New *. * * * * at once, * would be exposed to public *. * * * * * * * with hereditary * * *. * * * * * * *, and are * of their * *. * * * * * * in the * * * * in their * made for the * of the *. * * in the * the presence of * was taken as a sign * *.
There was reported from * the discovery of a * * * * * who were provided with *. * * * * this manner: One day a number of * * * * * engaged in cutting * * * attacked by some * *. * * * * but only succeeded in * a boy * *. * taken to the house * * * * * * was there discovered to have a * * * *. * the boy stated that he had a brother who had a * long as his own, and that all the * * *.
*, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, * * * descriptions of *. * * * * * * * * in length: and there is a description in
1690 of a man by the name of * *, * * of a doctor * who had a * half a * *, * * * from the * and was coiled on the *, * *. * describes a * of skin * * * * from the tip of the * to the length of *. It was removed and was found to be thicker than *, consisted of * * * * *. * * * * clinic a * * * * * * about ten *. * says that in * in the delivery of a young * who had a * of a * prolonged and covered with skin, and in
1884 he saw the same *, at this time the tail * * *.
* * for examination a * * * * * from a boy * * *. *, * * * * *, describes a * * * who had *, * *, * only at the tip, * * * * * *. * * * that other * been observed in *. * * * * 1820
described the tail of a * * * * * *. * * * account of a * * * of a fatty * extremity, the only one * * *.
Before the * * * there were * * adult male *, * good health and *, who had * from New *; * * * * *. * * * in the * *, *, says that he * * * * photograph of a boy * * *. * * Boy" was a * * *, * * * * *, with a * a foot * which was simply * * *. * * of a * * * who had * of the *, forming a * * * * under the skin. * at the * * * * * *, and the * * * * the skin was broken, the blood * * * *.
* presents a very * article in which he * * born with *, most of the * * * *. * * of a person with a * * * to a * article on human *. * * contains a description of a * * * * *, * * *, with a pedunculated * * *, with a * * * *. * * in shape * * tail and had * * *. * * * signs of cartilage or bone, and had * from a point * to the left of the median * * * * above the end of the spinal column.
* * reported the birth of a child with a *. It was a * * * and six * *. * * * covered with the skin on both the * * *. * * formed a tail of the size of * of the * *, with a length of nearly * * inner surface and * on the * *. * * could be raised from the body and it * * *.
In addition to the familiar * projection of the human fetus, * * a group of other * remains of a * of things. * * *.
* * * as a * of the * membrane of certain *.
* * ear, or the * tip of the ears of many *.
* * *, such as those that move the ear, that are well developed in certain people, or that * * * the action of a * * * * * *.
* * * of the humerus.
The vermiform appendix.
The location and direction of the hair on the trunk and limbs.
* * *.
The feet of the fetus * * *, as in the *, * * in the early months of life, * * * and a distinct projection of the great toe * * from the side of the foot.
The remarkable * power of the hand at birth and for a few weeks *, that permits * * to suspend * * on a * for a period varying from half a minute * *.
* * to these * * a pathologic *. * * that they may be productive of fistula in *, *, * *, * * *, and that they * and set up * and other *. * * * * has given rise to * * * * of the * *. By some it is considered * to the lower species, while * * this and * to be simply a pathologic *.
Anomalies of the Spinal Canal and * there is a * in the spinal column, * * * conformation is * *. This is of two classes: first, a simple * * vertebral canal, and, second, a large * * * * * of spinal membranes and substance. * 130
represents a large * * *.
* * of partial duplication of the central canal of the spinal cord. * * * * * case of * * * segment of the spinal cord. * * * of a portion of the spinal cord.
* records a case of *, or absence of the spinal cord, in a fetus with * cerebri and complete * of the *. * * * * * * * * of spinal marrow; and * * records the birth of * *. * In some * there are * * of the spine. The first of these * is called *, in which * * *; *, *, in which the * *; *, *, in which it is lateral, to * or left.
* is the most common of the deviations in man and is most often found in the dorsal *, although it may be in * *. * * is very rare in man, * seen in *, and when it does * * * * * * * *. We sometimes * * of anterior * of the lumbar and sacral * might be taken for a congenital *, but this * * * * after birth by the physiologic * the body. * represents a case of * * * of the spinal *.
Analogous to this is what the * * *. * may be a *, *, * *, and the * of the vertebral column may be to * or left. The pathologists divide * into a *, in which the * is a physiologic * * *; * *, * associated with * * * is generally accountable for *. In some cases the diameter of the chest * * an almost * *, but may * be compatible *. * * of an extraordinary deformity of the * * * of the spine, in which the diameter * * of the stomach to the spinal * was only *.
* ribs are not at all uncommon in man, nearly every medical * having some examples. * ribs are not * describes a young man * * in whom there was * * * * attached to the cervical * * * instance in which * * * and sensory *. * * * * * * * days which had an * development of the *, *, * * *. Cases of * ribs are occasionally * * * * account of a person in whom one side * * was at rest while the other performed the * * in the usual *.
In some cases we see * of the sternum, * either by deficient union or absence of one of its constituent parts. * * * cases these * permit the exit * *, and as a general rule * of the heart are *. * has given a most remarkable case of * * a young man * *, a native * *. * * in one medical clinic * * all over *, * * viewed with the greatest interest. In the median * to the absence of sternum, was a * * on either side by a continuous * * * with the * *. The skin * * the chest from one side to another, but was raised * * of the groove by a * * * * * of the right *. The clavicle and the two * the sternum had no * *, * below the * a hard * corresponding to the * *, *, was very elastic, and allowed the patient, * influence of the * *, when the upper * fixed, to open the groove to nearly the extent of *, which was more than * its natural *. * * * * made the ends of his * * * *, the right lung * * from the * the groove and * a considerable * * * into the neck. Between the * * * was easily * * * *, which was * * of the aorta, as by putting the fingers * it one * * * *, * * distention and recoil of * * * * * of the * *.
* * *. * * * * * with congenital absence of * structure in the middle line of *, leaving a * * * *, * * * *. * * * * * on record. * case was in a person * * * * had the vertical length of four *. * *. * * a case in which there was * * * through the *. * * the occurrence of * * * * in an * * * * * the case of * in an adult * * *. * * * *. * * * * * * * the base of the *, *, * * * * * * * *.
* has collected cases of thoracic defects and * * paper by saying that the * * * * hair in the mammary and axillary *, * * over the muscles, *, * *, * * * *, * * * and anterior * *, the hand and *; * * * that there may be * of the lung, * *, but probably due to * of the arm against the chest. * * gives a * in which the * and chest * * *. * * * instance in which a firm, * * * * * * * * * * to the left upper corner of the sternum, * * from the jaw.
* * knowledge of * is essential to understand the formation of * fissures, and we * * to any of the standard works on * * *. * was one of the first to recognize * * * of the neck. * * * * lateral and * fissures. In a * * * the exploration of a lateral * produced by the introduction of the sound * *, such as pallor of the face and irregular, * of the heart. The * of the lateral class is * *, which has been observed by *, *, *, *, * *.
The median * * of the neck are probably caused by defective * of the branchial *, * * * * * in these * * * persistence of * * * * normally in the *. * less frequent than the preceding *.
The most typical form of malformation of the esophagus is * or obliteration. * * * * * * a child * * on the third day * * it was found that the inferior * * * to the extent of about two * was converted into * *. * describes a case of * of the esophagus * * in a * * * * below the inferior portion of the * * from this point to the stomach * * * *; * * * *. The child * * to take * breast with *, * after a little * * *, * *, * * most of the * * *, in this way * * at each *; * * * third day.
In some cases the esophagus is divided, * * * into the bronchial or other * *. * * * * * days after birth * * * * * *, * terminating in a *, * * into the bronchi; the left kidney * * *. * describes an anomalous case of * * *. *, and subsequently * *, * * of the esophagus resembling the crop of a *.
Anomalies of the * describes a * * * weeks in * * * found a very * * * * *. These organs were simply represented by two * * having no *, with the color of the tissue of *. The heart had only one * but all the other * * *. This case seems to be unique. * the case of a woman * * who died of * whom the left lung * * *. * traces of a * *. The subject was very * *. * * * other cases in *, * of which the left lung * *. * * * * of the absence of the left lung.
* * lobes are occasionally seen in man and are taken by some authorities to be examples of * tending to prove that the derivation of the human * from the * * * * *. * * * instance of * * * right lung in close connection with the * * * * a similar *. * * * * * of four * in the right lung. * * * a description of a lung with * *.
Anomalies of the * is said to have * a human subject in whom the diaphragm * * * *, but such cases must be very * * * * * deficiency of this * * * instance of absence of the right half of * in an infant born at term. * * * of the muscular fibers of the left half of * * displacement of the stomach. The patient * * *. *, *, *, * * * * instances of congenital deficiency of part * *. * * * * defect in * of an infant * * soon after birth. The * intestines, and part of the large * * in the * *; both the * * * *. * * * diaphragmatic hernia have been observed. In such * * may be large enough to allow a great part of * * to pass into the thorax, * interfering with * * circulation by * * *. * * a fatal * * * with symptoms of pneumothorax. The *, omentum, and transverse colon were found lying in * *. * * * perforation of the * * of the *. The most * * * * * contributed by *, *, * * * in the * * *, gives a * of all the cases of this * * recorded in * of medical * between the years * * * of an instance of congenital * * * nearly all the small intestines and * * * passed into the right side of the thorax. * * * in which three years after the cure of * * * * * *. * * * * of the stomach in a man * *, * * * * *, * * *. At the postmortem there was found a defect in * on the left side, * herniation of the * * part of the duodenum into the left pleural * was no history of * to account for * * * instance of inversion of the diaphragm * * *. * * * of the * liver; and similar cases are * * * * * *. * * * junction with *.
Anomalies of the * * contains the account of a * in which the stomach was found *, * * of two instances of * *. *, *, *, *, * * * examples of *. * * of a case of * which was caused by * *. * * * cases in which there * cavities to the stomach. * * * *, *, *, *, *, *, *, * * * instances in which there was * * middle of the stomach, accounting for their * * *. * * * instance of * of the stomach. * * the stomach of a * * * * the stomach of a * *, * of tendon on its surface. The right * * * * * in a * * as large * * end of the stomach. The duodenum * * * marking the lesser * of the organ * * * * and the right *. * * * * in which the stomach of an infant * in a *.
* of the stomach is not uncommon, especially in * * * *. There are many cases *, * * * * * * * *. * * a case of congenital * * * into the left portion of the thoracic cavity. * * with fat and * the whole * half of the *. The spleen, pancreas, and transverse colon * * to the diaphragm. * was caused by a * * at the cardiac curvature the size of *.
Anomalies of the * * contains the account of an example of * cecum, and * * * * colon, and there are other cases of duplication of * *. There is an instance of * of the * the liver, and * * this case. *, *, and others speak of congenital division of * *. * occlusion is quite *.
Dilatation of the colon frequently occurs as a transient *, and by its action in * up the diaphragm * * interfere with the action of the heart and lungs as * * *. * * * * of this *. According to * there is a * * dilatation of the colon in which the gut may reach * size. The * may be * without evidence * * * change in the mucosa. The most * has been reported by *. The patient, known as *" * * at the time of his death, * * distended abdomen from infancy. * the colon * as large as that of an *, the circumference ranging from
15 to *. The weight of the contents * *. * not uncommon in children. * * * * * * *. * * a case in which the * * by dilatation of the * *. * * cases of congenital dilatation and hypertrophy of the * *. *, *, *, * * * * * instances, and in all * the clinical features * * * * *.
* * in which the anus * * or the rectum ends in a blind pouch are occasionally seen. In * the rectum is entirely absent, the colon * * of the intestinal tract. There are cases on record * the rectum * with the anus * * * *. * * is the * of the anus, in which the rectum terminates in * of the sacral cavity. The rectum may be deficient * * third of the *, and in this position is * * *.
* * * of the bowel with the bladder or urethra is sometimes present, and in these cases the feces * * * * *. * * the fusion of the * colon with the bladder, and similar * * * * * *. * * describes an infant with * * * * * * * * * * for three months. After * of the membrane, * * through the natural * and the child * * a somewhat similar case in a little * * *, and other * * have been reported. * * terminate in the vagina. * * seen a child * * days in whom the * * of the * in the fundus of the bladder. * * * * which there was communication between the rectum and *. * * * represents the rectum; b the bladder; * point of communication; * shows the cellular tissue of *.
There is a description of a * * *, * * * * *, who had * * * * *. There was a * * * over the genital * *. * * *, but every * * * pain in the umbilicus and much * * by severe * * * *; * * ceased and * * * mouth with * * * until the following third day. Some of the * * by the *. * * * * * * * after puberty to note the disposition of the *, but no further observation of her case can be found.
* * that he was called by three *, who had been trying to deliver a woman * * *. * * * * * * * * *, * * had not had a passage of the * * * *, * * * *. The student who was directed to give * found to his surprise that there was no *, * * * * in the vagina * * * * * of the rectum, which was full of *. There was an * * * * about the size of an * * * * by a * * through the * a great number of * * * * * the water, and * was soon *. * * * that she * * aware of *, * * * to disclose * before. There was * of this case found by * in a child of a * *.
* * a rare form of imperforate anus, with malposition of the left ureter, obliteration of the ostia of both * * * of a confluent *. There was * * into the bladder, * allowed the passage * through the urethra. * * the case of what * * *" in which there was an imperforate anus * * *; the ureters * upon a tumor the size of * extending from the umbilicus to the *. * * confirmed the diagnosis of * *.
* * *, *, * *, *, *, and others speak of deficient or absent *. * says that he * found a mass of * in place of *. * * * * describing a * * an adult who had died of *, in whom the liver * * * *. The portal vein * into the vena cava; this case is probably *, * * * could be found.
* * * instance of * lobe in the liver. * * describes a * liver. Sometimes * *, * * *, caused by transposition of * of the liver. * * such a * * * * * of the liver which he * * * * * * on the *. * * of the liver as well as what is * * liver are not uncommon. * operation for * will be * of later.
* * a case of congenital obliteration of the ductus * * in a male * * * at the age * and a half *. * appeared on the eighth * * through the short life. The hepatic and cystic * * and the hepatic duct *. There were * * cirrhosis and in addition an inguinal hernia
* * * the case of a man * *, in whom * could find no *; * * seen a * in a men of *. * describes a *.
The spleen has been found deficient or * * *, *, and others, but more frequently it is seen *. *, and others have found two * in one * * * * *; * * * * * *; * * * *, * as large as * *; *, *, and others have * * *. There is a possibility that in some of * of multiple * reported the organ is really * * into several *. * * a case shown at * of the * * Society of a very large number * found in the *, *, on the * * *, * *' *, *. There was * "the size of a *" in the usual *, * * artery and vein in their normal *. Every one * * had a capsule, * covered by *, * the histologic appearance of splenic *. * the review of this *, * explains the case * that other parts of the * *, * * * *, are capable of forming * * * a case of * spleen and kidneys. * a case of * * causing death from * * placed in the * position in * * of the thigh. * * * instance of *. * * * have seen the spleen * on the right side and the liver on the left; * * * others have * * * *.
* * * seen the pancreas * * * of a double pancreatic duct that he found in a man who died *; * * of a case similar to this *.
There are several cases of complete transposition of the viscera on record. * * * * * * first in
1650 by *, but the most * case was that of * * * described the * later which was * of the following *.
* *, * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *, * * * * * * *.
* * an example in a woman * * who died * *, *. * was found * in bed, and in * *, ordered to discover if possible the * *, there was * * transposition of the * * * with its base toward the left, its apex toward *, reaching the lower border of the 4th *, under the *. * vena cava * on the left side and passed into * cavity of the heart, which was also on the left * aorta and systemic * being on the right. * * * * lying on the superior vena cava, the liver * * ribs, and the spleen on the right side * *. The esophagus * on the right of the aorta, and * of the two ends of the stomach * reversed; the * * on the right side. * describes a similar * a man.
* * transposition of * in a man * *. * * a case of transposition of * * man who was * in a *. The liver was to the left * spleen and heart to the right *. *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, * are among others * instances of transposition * of the viscera.
* * * * is the result of some congenital deficiency in the abdominal wall; * * *, and some patients live as long as do cases of * *. * * of entire * of development of * *. *, *, *, *, *, *, *, and many others * * * from parietal *. The different forms of * * considered in another *.
* seem to be no * cases of complete absence of the kidney except in the lowest grades of *. *, *, *, *, *, *, * * are among the older * who have * * of one *. In a recent paper * has collected
213 cases, from which the following * has been made by * * *.
* * *, * has collected as far as possible all the * cases of congenital absence * *. * cases of * kidney and of * of one *, * * cases of complete absence * *, upon which he bases the following *: * occurs almost twice as often in males as in females, *, however, which may be partly accounted for by the * * * * *. As to age, occurred in * * * *, * having some other congenital * imperforate anus; the rest * * * up to * years of age, after which only * *. * all cases together, the deficiency is * on the left than on the right side; but while in males * kidney is far more commonly absent than the right, * the two sides show the defect *. The renal * * absent, as also the ureter, on the abnormal * latter in all * cases); the * * * cases. The * * * almost always * * and position, but much *. * * would seem to be due * to hyperplasia * *. The bladder, except for absence of the opening * *, * * normal. In a large number of * were associated deformities of the organs of * of the female organs, and these were almost * the side of the renal *; * affected the * much more than the glandular * *, *, * Fallopian tubes in the female, and vas deferens * * in the male, rather than the ovaries *. *, * points out the practical * * * example, the probability of * * * of urine in such * also the danger * *, * suggests the possibility of * * * * the absence of the opening of * in the bladder by means of the *, and also * of its * * * abnormality of the * is found, especially if this be unilateral."
* * the case of a female * in which the right kidney and right Fallopian tube and ovary were absent * * structures in their *. * * * * the absence of the right *, * ureter, and * in an old woman who had died of chronic *. * * * * was very much *.
* describes a * made on a * * of nearly * months, in which it was * that in the place of a * * * * * * at the apices * * of the cortical substance of each; the child * * * * *. * * of a case * kidneys and double ureters, and cases of * are not uncommon, * * * of one * * *. * * * * * * * like a *. We are quite familiar with the * *" in which * * kidneys are *.
There are several forms of displacement of the kidneys, the most common being the * *" which is * removed or *; * has made an extensive * * *.
The kidney may be displaced to the pelvis, and * * * instance in which the left kidney * situated in the pelvis, * left of the rectum and back of the bladder. The ureter * * * was very short. The left renal artery came from * of the aorta and the primitive *. * * * * normally, and received from the aorta *, * * did not surpass the two * * * * capsule, which was in its * * of the kidney * are very rare.
The ureters have been found *; * * the history of a male subject in whom the ureter on the left side * * * * *; there were * * * * left side one above the other; and *, in the *, * * * on both sides in a *. * * of six ureters in one person. * * described a case of * of the ureters. * an elongated kidney with two *. * * of the ureters on both sides. * * * in which the ureter * * *. * * * of four ureters in an infant. * * * of the upper * of the left ureter, with a * kidney, and there are * cases on record.
The ureters sometimes have * * either in the rectum, vagina, or directly in the urethra. * * * * normally in a number of animals * * * flow of urine, resulting in a *. * * of the termination of the * the pelvis; * * * * * * * *; * * describes a man who died * * * *, * *, as large as * in the urethral canal, * * * *; the bladder * absent. In the early part of * there was a young * examined in New * * * into a * * on the * *. * * *, and if the child * * * * * * * *. The genital * * * in the deformity, and with the exception that * * low and the anus * * * *, * * well formed and its * *. * * * * which the left ureter * * at the left side * * a little below the normal * *. There is * * of a man who * suffered from a *, as the urine passed in * as if controlled by * from his *. * * a patent * * * * *. * dilatation of the ureters * seen in the *. * describes a * * * characters in the * ducts. There * * * * of the intestine at the * * * * *; the right vas deferens * the ureter. There was * in a separate * * * * ducts which * * *, * * two ducts near the * * * *. * * * in the abdomen. * describes a * * one of the * * * *.
Anomalies of the *, *, *, *, * * * cases in which the bladder has been found * we have already mentioned some cases, but the instances * the bladder has been * are much more *, *, *, *, *, * * of vesical *. There is a description of a man * * *, * receiving a ureter. * * * bladder, and * * * * * instance in * who died * * with symptoms of * *. In the *, * represents the normal *, * * the supplementary *, * * * * * * of entrance into *. As will be noticed, * * in the supplementary *. * * * instances of * *.
* * * of a case of * of the bladder with the os * and another case of * with the * * * fusion with the uterus, and we * * * with the rectum and intestine.
* of the bladder is not rare, and is often associated with *, *, and other malformations of * *. It consists of a deficiency of the * in the * region, in which is seen the *. It is * by many different and * *.
In an * instance in which there is occlusion at the umbilicus and again at the neck of the bladder this organ * * as to produce a most * * in the * * such a case.
* * of the heart has never been recorded in human * except in the case of *, as, for example, *, although there was a case reported and * by the ancient * * * * * * * * * * * of a heart.
The absence of one * has been recorded. * * seen the left ventricle *, and the *, *, * speak of a single ventricle only in the heart. * a heart in which both ventricles were absent. * * *, * an autopsy on a child * * * days after birth, in which the left ventricle * * was found * *. * * * * a child * * * nine months in which one * *. * * * Hospital in * there is a heart * * of thirteen in which the cavities consist of a * and a single *.
Duplication of the heart, * the number of cases *, has been * with the greatest * * and by a number of *. * * * * * * heart are *, *, *, *, *, *, *, * *.
* * * * instance of * heart, and * * seen a triple heart in a *.
The phenomenon of *" * * *, is due to the patency of the * *, *, instead of * *, * sometimes to adult life.
Perhaps the most * collection of congenital malformations of the heart from persons who have reached the age of * * * seen in * * In this * there was an * in which the * * * * until the age *; there were but two * *; * * * showing a large patent foramen ovale from a man *; and there was a * * of an adult * a woman * *, who died of carcinoma of the * which the * * was still open and would * *. * * had shown no symptoms of *. There were * * in which * * * *, the ductus *, or some * * *. All these * * *.
* of the heart are quite *. * * * * an autopsy on an old * * * * * had a heart in his *" This organ was found in the * *; it had, with its *, * * * in the diaphragm. * observed in the Hospital * a woman with the heart in the * *. * * speak of the heart under the diaphragm.
Inversion of the heart is quite frequent, and we often find reports of cases of this *. * describes a * * years, of middle *, * * * * * killed in a * * receiving a * in the *, the heart was found in the position of the *; the two lungs were * * * the left *.
* anomalies of the vascular system are so numerous that we shall * them with a slight *. * * * * described a double aorta, and * * * case. The following case is quite * * *: A woman * * * * *, which was * at the epoch * * * *; * * * *, * * * *. At last * * * the patient died of *. * * * * of the * * * between the * and the esophagus, * this latter * * the passage of food.
Anomalies of the * first of the anomalies of the * apparatus to be discussed, although not * under this *, will be those of the *.
*, or complete absence of the breast, is seldom seen. * describes an individual who * for a female, but * really a male, in whom the breasts * * *, *, * * cite instances * * *. * * a case in which * were absent, although there were * * * *. There were no ovaries and the uterus * *.
There was a * * of in in whom the right * * *, and there are cases of but one breast, * *, *, and others. * * * absence of * * with absence of the left *.
* is not so rare, and is generally seen in females * * * *. * development of the * being a pathologic *, will be mentioned * *. *, among some of the indigenous * * * * * very large and *. * * shown in * which represents a woman * * * * an infant. The breasts * * and loose to be easily * over the shoulder.
* is of much more frequent occurrence than is *. *, the mother * * *, * * * she had * *. * *, * wife of * * * *, * reputed to * * *, * fingers, and three *. * * * * time there * * * woman with four *, * in contour, arranged in two lines, *, * * other, and all * * in abundance. * * * woman with four *; * * may be seen in the * *.
There was a young and * * * * * to the ancient * * *, *, as she * *, *, * * *, she would have three or * at a birth. This was a * with which some of * * * * * *, and which * * * * * *.
*, who has collected cases of * in females and in males, * * * * * * * * *, and that our * * * * * * *, but that by * * * *, from being *, females have * *. Some of the older * * that by * of two * * was originally intended to * *.
* *: * * * * are more common than is generally *. * * instances in 3956
persons * per cent). * * * at one in * * * * * * * about twice as frequently as women. It is * account for the accessory * on the theory of * they occur with no * * situation, but may develop * * on the body. The most frequent position is on * * below the true * and somewhat * * line, but an accessory gland has been observed on the * over the prominence of the *, on the * below the * *, above the umbilicus, * *, in the groin, on the dorsal surface, on the * * on the outer aspect of the left *. * * * * * * * parts of the body by the theory * of the embryonal * * into the * the mammary gland are carried to and * * * of the * of the body by means of the amnion."
Possibly the greatest number of accessory * * is that of * * * * * in one person. * * * cases, and since then *, *, *, * * * have collected *. * * been known in the * times, and we still have * * * images of *, in which this * * * * *, * * ability to look * * *. * shows an ancient * * * * * * * *.
* * * * * woman with three *, * * formed and a third forming a * with the * resembling the breasts of a * *. In the * * * * early in this * there was an * * * * from place to place, * * * * * *, * *. * * *, and when on all *, with her *, * * * *. The authors have seen a * * * *, * * * as those of * * *. The two * * quite small. * * * * * *, * *, * * a very * * * * * *. The hair * * * * of nearly * * about the nipples. * * * * with three *, * * *, the third to the *, * * *, but not the same * as the * describes a * woman who had * *, * * * near the *, about four * * * * * *. * became a * *, and gave * from all * breasts. In * *" * gives the history of * with four * * * * * * exhibited an *, covered with a * * like a *. * * * * * of the *, * said that similar * * * * men of *.
* says that among some * taken in * was found a woman * *, * *, * *, * * from the *. It was *, and the * covered with three * * *. She had been exposed * * infants, who had been * * days, to this *, and died on the next day. An examination of her * * *, of which * * * * the fifth was about the size of that of a * at puberty.
They all had an intense * * * *; the fifth * * * * * above the umbilicus. * * subject and * and described the mammary * * * * of nineteen who had * *, *, and as many *. The two normal glands were * * * glands and * * * * small and * * *. All the other glands and * * * * *. There were * * on the left and * * right side. The * mother had an accessory * * * * * * during the period of lactation.
* * observed in his clinic a woman with two * * * * *. * * * * * *. * * a woman who * an infant * * on the thigh. Until the time of pregnancy * * * for an * *, but with * it began * and acquired the size of a *. * is from * * showing a child * at a * * * * * * * * is at the natural * * of a breast on the outer side of the thigh * below the great *. * describes a woman * * * * * from her *. * a woman * * with four * * *; * * with the pectoral and not the *. * describes a pair of * *, and there is another * * *. * a woman * * * * * had a * * * * *. It was excised, and microscopic * * structure to be that of a * * * *. * * a case of a * on the * * under the insertion of the *, * * of an * * * situated on the * the greatest prominence of the *. * * * of a functionally active * * over the * of the 8th *. * * of a woman who had *, one of which was situated on the groin and with * * *; her mother had three *, * * * situated on the chest. * * * account of * who had two * * on the back. * * *) * * * * * on the * * * their existence. * a very * illustration of a woman with a * below the natural *. *, who has collected * number of cases of *, * the case of a woman * * * in each * in which * * *, but with no * *, and which * * connection with the mammary glands *. * * * * in size and *, as the breasts * * *, and in five * * traces of them * * * * * had similar * * * *.
* * seems to be hereditary. * * a daughter * mother was *, * * * * mother and * * * had three *. * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. * * * * * * in both of * * *.
* * * are also seen, as many as * having been found on the same *. * * * * in one case. * * seen a woman * * * on the same * * * * with the * and the same * as the single *. * contains a description of a triple *. * * *" on the face in front of the right * * * *.
Cases of deficiency of the nipples have been reported by the *, *, *, * *.
Cases of functional * * will be discussed in * *.
Complete absence of the * is very rare, if we may accept the statements of *, *, * *, as they * * an example in the numerous * * * * from a * point of *.
* * * of the * is also a very rare * of this membrane. In this instance the * * * * *, more or less * * by a membranous *, which gives the appearance *. * reported from * * a case of *, * * * * two examples of * * * very well that this disposition of the membrane is * * * * *. The first was in a * * *, * the membrane * of the usual size and *, * * on either side. In her * * * * * * *. The second case was in a * * * * * * *. * * * * * * * * of having * *, and on * * showed a * *; there were * *, * greatest diameter being in the vertical * * * situated on each side of the median *, * *. apart; the dividing * did not appear to *, * * the same * * * * of the *. Since this * * a number of cases * *.
The different varieties of the * will be left to the works on *. As has already been observed, * * * complicated by a persistent and tough *.
* * may be caused by the persistence of a thick *, by congenital *, or by * absence in *. *, *, *, *, * * are among the older * * * *, but as it is generally associated with *, or complete absence of the vagina, the two * * *.
Complete absence of the vagina is quite rare. * * * a case of a * * * in whom "there was no * * or of genital *" * * of a case * *. * * * * * * * * who, not having a *, * * * * * urethra, and * * * that the extra * may have been a special * of nature. * a young * * * with a triple * * * *, closure of the vagina, * of the uterus. * * * * * *. * * * a similar * which was * an autopsy.
* * *, *, *, *, * *, *, *, *, *, *, *, and others are * * as having * the absence of the vagina. * * * * who did not have a trace of a * * * *. * describes a specimen * * of St. * *, *, in which * * on the surface of the pelvic * and there * * * *; the pelvis had some of * of the male *. * * * * * * case, the vagina * * more than an * *. * describes a * * * * * *. The labia were found well developed, * * * *, *, or ovaries. * had been * *, which was * *, though not * of urine. * * a case of congenital * the vagina in a * * *, * * the urethra. * * * * instance of * of the vagina with * of both ovaries into the * in a * * *, and the case of an * in a * of nineteen with an * *.
* * * instance of absence of the vagina and uterus in a * * * * * four years of age * * * *. At this early age the * * * *, and at ten the clitoris * * * long and * * *. * * * well developed. * * * and expanded * *, * *.
* * * instance of complete absence of the vagina and impermeability and probable absence of the * *. * * * * *. * * * deformity and * in a * * *. * * instance of * vagina in a * *, * * the functions. * * a case in which * tumor was formed by the * * fluid in * without a *. * * * was created, * * died from extravasation of blood into the *. *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, * * * instances of absence of the vagina.
There are some cases reported in * * which might be cited. * * in his * * * * instance. The * * * was called by * * * * *; and in this * * * * * * * *.
* * * *.
* * * * * * * * *, * * *, * * * *: * * * * * * * * * * * * * *.
* * has been observed by *, *, *, *, *, *, and other * *. * * * reports of this * are quite *. * a case of labor at the seventh month in a woman with * vagina, and delivery through the rectum. * * * * * vagina with * *.
* * * * Hospital reports a case of * vagina in a patient of * suffering from *. * * * contracted; the urethra * dilated and had * used for *. A membrane * the vagina * *, the cervix lying in the right half; the septum * *. Both the * of the patient were so * * * * * * those of the * *. * is also reported by *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, * * * is usually associated with * * *. * * * *, * * *, * * vagina and a * *, who was * * * *. * * * have seen * * uterus, and double * *; in the latter * * also a double *. * * of a * * with the other * by a fistulous * * that this was not a case of patent * *.
* * * cases in which there were * * of the vagina. * * * cases of transverse * * *. Three of the patients were young women who had * children or * *. * * * *. In the first the septum was about two * * *, and contained an opening * * * * * the tip of the finger. The membrane * * thin and * * signs of inflammation. * * * * up to the time of pregnancy. The second * * of the first, * that a few * * * cervix to the * *. In the third the lumen * *, about two * from the introitus, * * by a * of tissue. There was * * * *, but no history of injury or * * * * *. The two * * * * seen by *. *. *. *. In one the septum was about * from the entrance to the vagina and contained * large enough to * a uterine *. During labor * * the advance of the head for several hours, * * * in several *. In the other, * * * *, * * followed by a * of black and * blood, which * * * * and was accompanied by severe pain. The septum * * from the vaginal * and contained an opening * a uterine *. It was very * and tight and fully
1/8 * in thickness.
* reported a case of congenital deficiency of the * * which was * * * *.
* * of the * * * * * into the rectum, into the bladder, the urethra, * the abdominal *. * reports from a hospital * the case of a * * in whom there was * * corresponding to the opening of the *; * traces of a * could be found. The tumor * * proved to be a living *. * * * * said that he had * * * by the * * showed that the vagina * into the rectum, * * * had been *. * * * * * cases of this abnormality of the * and subsequent * by the anus. * * * a woman * *, well formed, who had been in * *, when the physician examined and * * * a vaginal *; the finger, * along the * in contact with the distended *, in which was * head of the fetus. * * * prolongation of labor * a complete state of *, * * * * * the patient, applied the forceps, * the fetus without * *. The vulva of * * * * * all the characteristics *, the vagina * into the rectum, and * * * *. * woman, as well as * * that they had no * of the * and that * the anus) * * * *.
Opening of the vagina upon the *, of which * * has collected a number of cases, has never been observed * with a viable *.
Absence of the labia majora has been observed, especially by *, to the exclusion of all other anomalies. It is the rule * of the bladder.
Absence of the * has also been observed, particularly * * and by *, and is generally associated * development of the clitoris. * * of the external organs of generation, * * * uterus and its *, in a young *. * *, *, * * * cases of absence of the * *. * in the early part of the * reported a case of defective *; * * 1774
offers a contrast to this case in an instance of * *.
* * are sometimes * enlarged by hypertrophy, * *, or by *, of which latter type * * * * a most * case. There is also a *œ enlargement of the clitoris which seems to be * * *; it may be a natural hypertrophy, or perhaps * * *.
The peculiar conditions under which the * women are obliged to live, * their mode of *, is said to have * of causing * development of the * * * * *. On the other hand, some of the lower * * been distinguished by the deficiency in development of * *, * *, and genital hair. In this * present an approximation to the genitals of the *, * whom the * * * * * * of the labia majora.
* * * of the * * have been * for many years. * and others of the * found that the * appearance of the genitals * * * was due to abnormal hypertrophy of the * *. According to * *, * * *, *, said that the more * among the * * * * * * * * * * * * and labia. They are said to pull * * *, and even to stretch them by * * to them. * them are said to * several hours a day at this * is considered one of the important parts of the * * * *, this malformation * * * * * members of the *. * says that in * * * begin to * * * * * * shortly after infancy, and * has found * * prevail in *; * says that the * * *, * * of his * *, * * * * up to the standard of * *. * an analogous * among the women of the * * *. * * of this * * the skin * lower part of the * of the female children *, and at puberty * * exhibit a * * the genitals * * * down the thighs.
A corresponding development of the * *, * the length of mm. or even more, has been * * * * *. The greatest * * * * * *, but it is quite * * was not possible for * to examine the longest, * * * * * * very high * *.
* describes a * * *, * * * * * * a case * * * *, * * *. * * * * * * * were so long as to render * * * a case of congenital malformation of the * which he attributed *.
There is sometimes * of the labia * *, which may be so firm and extensive as to obliterate the vulva. * * a case of absence of the vulva in a woman * * * * *, which was the result of the fusion of the *, and this with an enlarged * * * * of an *.
The absence of the clitoris * * * in the male, and in atrophy of the vulva it is common to find * *; but a more frequent * * * the clitoris.
Among the older * * instances of enlarged * * *, *, *, *, * *. * describes an operation for *, * * one, and * * * * * * *, in which there appeared a tumor * the menstrual *.
We learn from the * that there were * * * the borders of the * * who had a * for one another which was called * *" * * them to the highest degree of *. * * * * * references to this *. * of this peculiar * is found in the fact that some * * * * *, * *, *, * * *. * * * * * to their *, * * them with *. We find in * mention of this * *, * the time of the * * * * * * * between these * * said that the * * amputation of *, so that enlargement of this organ must have been * * * * along the *. It was * * * * * * * on their * * * of seven or *, the time * * when the * * *. * * examples of enlarged * * *; * * to this * * *, * * * * it in the * and the *.
* says that the women of * had a natural *, * in consistency, * thick and *, coming from * of the * *. * says that in a * * * * one of these * which was * long, and * a woman * * which was * * long, and * * * * only to women of distinct * *.
* says that in * * * * not only remove a great part of the body of the clitoris with the * * * portions of the *; * * * * * on the upper banks of the *.
* * * * * * * * with a * * long and * in the transverse *; * from the vulva and when * formed a * for the vaginal *. The clitoris may at * so large as to prevent *, and in * * a legitimate cause for *. This organ is *, and it is said that in cases of * * * * * * of the clitoris * * *.
* * an example of a * as long as a little *; * * * * * * *, * is a record of an enlarged * * * * of a * and which was * *. * * case of enlarged * in a woman * * * * with her first child. This organ * * * * and of about the diameter of a * *. * 149
shows a * case of hypertrophy of the clitoris. * a woman * * in a reduced state of * an enormous clitoris and * about the anus; * * manifestations of tuberculosis. * * *, * * that she had * *; * she had * several times with a young man, but after his * * * *, * * on the *. The clitoris * * and came * * *. * * * * * * * * * * * before the * *.
In some cases ossification of the clitoris is observed * * of a public * * * who had an * * * said that * * connection with her * * *, followed by inflammation of the penis.
There are a few instances * * * clitoris, and * * the history of a woman who had a double *. * of a * which was in a permanent state of *.
Complete absence of the ovaries is seldom seen, but there are instances in which one of the ovaries is missing. *, * * * in full cases of the absence of the * * has collected cases of this *. *, * * have published observations in which * * said to have been *. * * of a * * * who had an infantile uterus and no *; * * * * * signs of *. * * * of a woman * ovaries and uterus * *, * * none of the principal * * * *; on the other hand, * describes a woman with * * who was very * * * * * *.
At one time the existence of * * * * * *, and the older records contain no * since the * * *, *, *, *, *, * * the presence of multiple * * * *. It was originally thought that * as well as * * * * of the normal organs and connected to them * of the proper *; *, *, by the * we are * * * * * * * *. It has * been suggested that it is * of these * that causes the * * we sometimes * * * * * *. * * instance of third *; * has found * ovary in the body of a * *, * the inner side of the normal *. * * * * * connected to the uterus by its own *. * found two * on one side, * * * * tissue, and connected by a band * *.
* * * * into three *.
* * * * *.
Those cases in which * masses of ovarian tissue are separated by * *.
* * organs, as in * *.
* * displacement of the ovaries into the * * *, the vaginal wall, or into the rectum can be * by the resulting sense of nausea, * * or in *. *, *, *, *, * * * instances, and * describes an * inguinal hernia of the ovary in which the uterus as well * Fallopian tube were found in the inguinal canal. * * * * * instances of * * the ovary and of the * type, and also * * * the only instance in which * * * * * on both sides. Such a condition with other * of the genitalia * easily be mistaken for * * * *.
The Fallopian tubes are rarely * on either side, * * * * instance of * *. * * * * atrophy, or * * state of one of *, with absence of the tube on that side, in a woman *.
* has an instance of multiple Fallopian tubes, and *, * * * * are noticed. * * * * * * adherent to the ovary or to the uterus; * describes the * of the Fallopian tube with *.
Absence of the uterus is frequently *. * * * are each said to have * * subjects in * the uterus * * * * were found. * * * * * instances of defective * *, among them *, *, *, * *, *, *, * *. * * reported a * of the uterus and vagina in a * * *. *, *, *, *, *, and many others * instances, and in several * all the adnexa as well * uterus and vagina were absent, and even the kidney * *.
* * of two *, * *, with congenital absence of the uterus. In his * article on * * * instance of total absence of the uterus * out of five * of the same family; two of the * * *.
* uterus is so frequently reported that an * of the cases * * * *. *, *, * * * are so called according to the extent of *. * * * all the way from slight * two distinct *, * * appendages and *. *, *, * * are among the * who have * * uterus with * *. * represents a transverse section of a * with a double *. * * * * * * * *, or a veritable * *, * having the appearance of a complete * * * * * to its *. * relates the history * woman who was * * * who had two *, * into the vagina, the other into the rectum. *, *, *, *, and many * instances of * * in which * *, the fetus * * until the full term.
* * * says that in the * * * * the body of a woman who died in the ninth month of pregnancy. * * * * * size and form as is usual * * of gestation, * * * * *, * * * attached to a single Fallopian tube. On the left * found a second *, * and of usual *, * * ovary and * * *. Both of * * distinct and almost entirely *.
Pregnancy with * * describes the following * of the uterus which he encountered during the * * *.
"There were found two *, the posterior * being a normal organ with its *; * with this * * *, * to it. The two * had a common *; * of the two organs had no *, * * * * *; it had become *" * * * * * that probably the * * one of them * * *, leading to a * * * * * developed into the anterior *.
Other cases of * uterus with pregnancy are * * * * When there is * pregnancy in each portion of a double * a complication of circumstances *. * * * of a woman who * * * * * * * * * of the same year, and both at full * had only had three * * * *. The question as to whether a case like this * one of * in a normal *, or whether the * *, * * *. There would also be * that one of the children was * * * that the other * of premature *. * * * Code of * * a minimum of one hundred and * a maximum of three * * for the gestation of a *. * * *.
* * * * * seen a triple uterus, and there are several * * on record. * * * * was divided into three * *.
Of the different * positions of the uterus, most of which are acquired, the only one that will be mentioned is that * * of the uterus. In this instance the organ * * out of the body and even * *.
* cases of * of the uterus * * * have been observed in the inguinal region, * on the right and * the left side. In the case of * * * * * both sides. The uterus has been found * only in * and three times in * *. There is one *, according to *, in which the uterus was one * constituents of an * *. * * * found with it. *, *, *, * * * the uterus in the * of an inguinal hernia; *, * * in an * *. * * represents a * of the * * * * *.
Absence of the penis is an extremely rare *, although it has been noted by *, *, *, *, *. * * * * describe a newly * with absence of external genitals, with spina bifida * *. * describes a child of two * * *, but both * were found in the * * * by the rectum. * * * * * of the penis, the urethra * at the margin of * outside the external *; the scrotum and * well developed. * gives the description of * * * without a *; the child * through an opening in the lower part of the abdomen * the ordinary location of the penis; the scrotum *. * were made into a small * just below * * in the abdomen * * * view the * * * normal but the body very small. * * * * out the glans * until the wound * * * *. It is stated that the * * * equal to any * * * * * a somewhat similar case in an infant, but it * * * * * *.
Among the older * * * deficient or absent * * *, *, *, * *, *, * * *, and others. * describes a * a small penis and * *. *, * *, * of a * * * *, * * on his * * * region and the * *, * * *; a careful search * show any trace of a *; on the anterior wall of the * * above the anus was an * * * * *; the right * * * * normal, but there was * * in the left. * from just in front of * * was a * of skin * long and * continuous with the *, * seemed to be formed * tissue and which * * *, * * several minutes * usually an * * *. It was possible to pass * * through the * the rectum to the bladder through a urethra * * patient had control of the bladder and * * * to five *.
Many instances of * development of the penis have been recorded, most of them complicated with * * * of the sexual organs. In other instances the organ *, but the infantile type is present * * * the subjects are * * * and in a * * *. * * a case in a * * * * * * * * *, about as * * *, * * * * as a mere tube of skin; * * were not entirely absent, * * only from * to the junction of the fixed portion of the * terminating at this point. * indicative of * could be found. The * were at the entrance * inguinal canal and the glans was only slightly *.
* * of a man * * * external genitalia were of the size of those of a boy * *. The penis * * the size of the * finger, and contained on each * * larger than a *. There was no * on the * the face, giving the * * aspect of an old *. * * * * and the seminal vesicles * * * *. * * * * * * * as to his ability to perform the *. In size * penis and * * * * a boy * *. He had never * desire for * * he became * with his * * when he had * * * *. * * * became the father of a family; * * * * were so much smaller than usual * * * to normal adult *. There are three * * in the older literature * * * * *. They are * by the *, *, * *. The result in these cases * *.
In the * and Medical * * * are two * * of the male * * of skin. From the * * * they measure * *; from the * * termination of either * * inches, and * * * *. Between these two * * an average of the size of the normal *.
In some instances the penis is so large as to forbid * and even * * *, * as much as * * * * in length. * cases of large * reported by * * * it as a cause *, *, * *, *, *, *, *, * *. * * * * in the * have been observed by * *. * The penis *, * * * * * of the *, is the name given to those examples of single * * for both * * *; the penis is adherent to the scrotum * * *; the glans only is free and * * * * * instance in a man * *, * * * describes an example of this * *. * and testes * * in a common *, * * not over * * * seen from the upper * this curious *. When the child was a year old * * was performed on this * * with a * *. * describes an instance in which * * * fused with the scrotum.
There are many varieties of * of the penis. The glans itself may be * *, * * may be *, * may be a veritable *, * the inferior * and the superior * *. * describes a child * * * * * * * on its * * * * * upward to the left, and * * * toward the left *. * * * instance in a boy * * with complete *, * * * * * cases, both * * *. * * * * * * * * * of the penis with * * *. There was a complete * to the left, * * * * * * * and the * *. Among the older * * * * * of the penis * *, * *, *, *, *, * *.
* * * * * of the penis * *. * * a case the result of *, * * * * of the penis associated with *.
Ossification of the * * of a man * * * * * * and distorted in such a * * could not be passed * pain and * *. * * * was discovered in the septum * * *; this was * out with much * * * * * *, but there * * * in the opposite *. The formation of bone * in the penis is quite rare. *, *, * * * * * * as having * *. There is an excellent * * * * *, but no * is given. The * * * * *.
The complete absence of the * * * has been observed in animals but is very rare in man. * incomplete or * is more frequent, but most common is * of the prepuce, * *, when there * * with the glans. Instances of *, * *, will be passed * special mention. * * * has been observed by *, *, * *. Partial deficiency is described by *, and others.
There may be * * * occlusion of some portion of the urethra, * * accumulation of urine * bladder, but fortunately there is generally in such * * opening of the urethra * * * *. * * a case of * urethra. In * there is an account of a man who had a constant * * from an abnormal opening in the abdomen. * * a case of * due to * of the * into the bladder instead of into the urethra, * * there was a * of a * of the * * are a number of instances in which the urethra * in the rectum. * dilatation of the * is very rare, and generally accompanied by *.
Duplication of the urethra or the existence of two * * is not * by all the authors, some of whom * one of the * * terminates in a * or is * in itself. * has published an article * a number of cases, showing that it is possible for * to have two or more canals which are distinct and * *. * * * of a * to the urethra; * * * * * *, one of the * being in the testicle; * is another case on record in which there was a * in the groin. A case of * urethra in a man * living in * who was * * * is described, the * * * * * one and receiving a * to the depth of * * * * in both *. * * * of a double * *, one of which was * * * fluid and the other *. *, *, * have reported * *. Instances of * have been discussed under the head of * * * * * * are names given to malformations of the urethra in which the wall of the canal is * * or below. These anomalies are particularly interesting, * are nearly always found in male *, * * the appearance of a *, as the scrotum is *, and even the * may be * * * the other parts, * * * *. * to be an element of heredity in this malformation, * * is exemplified by *, * * a case * in which a family of females * * * * * males with *. * * a man * * at the base of the * who had * * the same *. * * * father and *, * * * * * *, one above the other, * of which * urine and from the other * * * the possibility of inheritance of this * in whom the urethra * at the root of the penis, * * *, are not necessarily *; *, *, * knew of a man * * * * was the father of four *. * * * * * * and followed the * on the * the penis to the uterus, the membrane of the * * * wall of the urethra. The penis *, but about as * * *.
* * * * case in a man * * * *, * * *, * * in the * * *. When he determined to get *, * * * *, * * * * nature, and being * * * turn of mind, * * himself with * of an * *. * * * * * * opportunity to study the conformation of this * * prepared a body formed of cotton, * * *, and shaped like a *, * * *. * * * * gut and gave it a slight * *. To the touch * elastic, and its shape * maintained by a piece * *, around which the * was firmly *. * * to the * by means of *, a central * * * * * * that the penis could be * * * position and so *. He had * * * * * * * * * * * he was * * * * * * months, and was only discovered when; she * * he was in a state of intoxication. To further * he had * * * immediately after their * it was * * for a husband * * * * of his wife, and therefore she had * * * turned out the light. * * fear that his * * * * * * * *, the duration * * * * an hour. When the discovery *, * * * * * with which he had * * * * * *, and the patient * * by contact with * *, * * * * *. * * * * * * and the * became the subject * *. * *, at the time of report, * * * *. * * a case in which * * * * compensated for by the use of an * * instances of this kind have been recorded by * *. * * absence of the male sexual apparatus is extremely rare, but * * * have reported cases.
Complete absence of the *, * *, is a * * *, and it is very difficult * * * * arrest of development, * atrophy, which is much more common. * * * the case of a man * *, who died of * the age of * * *, and even to the day *, * * had never changed and his * * *. * * * * in concert with *. * age of *, *, * * * * * * could not * * with such *. He had no * * *, and had never * * * * * * *. * * * * * with a * * of men and was * to the * would never * * * *. * * * * * could be found; the scrotum * soft and *. * was the exact size of that of a female *.
Individuals with one * are called *, and may be divided into three *.
A solitary * * in the middle by a deep *, the two lobes * * provided with a spermatic cord * * side as the lobe.
* of the same origin, but with * more general.
A single * and two *.
* of St. * * * * on a man * *, in whom the right half of the scrotum, the right *, and the scrotal * * parts of the right * were absent. * * the literature for * up to the time of his report, and found * * in which there was absence of *, and in * of these * * * *. * *, * * * * bodies, are mentally *, * only a short time. The penis is * * * is sometimes * * *. They are * * toward the opposite *.
* * persons who have more than two *. For a long time the abnormality was not believed to exist, and some * * denied the * * postmortem examination of * the cases * *, but there is at present no doubt * *, four, and five * having been found *. *, one of the older * on the * * * who was a *, and was * * * * * * * from keeping * * *. * * * * * * * * * * * greater than * * another case of a man with a similar * * * * * as a reasonable * to a * *.
* * * say that they never * a third * * * * * *, * * * * records of a great number of *, * * * able to verify the presence of the third * *. Some authors, * *, * * * examples of *. There is an old * * * *, one above the other, were found on the * and one on the left. * describes a * * * * seemed to be much larger on the right than on * *, although it was not *. * * * * * * were found in their normal *, * on the right side between the groin and the * was a * *, not in contact, and having * and short *. * * describes a man with *. * cases of * were found in * * * *. * * * * * * * * half of the scrotum of a boy * *. In a * on a man killed in *, * * * * *, * on the right side * one above *. * * Medical Record of * * * * * * * * * * who had * * * diagnosed as * * by the same *, * * * * * * * *, * * * confirmed by several of *. * * * of the * * *, as the third *, * * in some * the inguinal canal, * * exposure to *.
* * * instance of four testicles, and *, in the *, * *; * * more than *, and, without * *, * * * of such occurrence and adds that such * * * *.
* * *, five, and even * * in one individual; * were not * * *. * * * of six * four of which were of usual * * smaller than *.
*, * *, * * * fusion of the *, * *, * after the manner of * disposition of the * and also the *, * * of which the fusion is abdominal and in the *. * has a description of an individual in whom * * *.
In those cases in which the * are still in the abdominal cavity the individuals are termed *. * * the results of postmortem examinations of *. * * of this * * * * *, the number found in the abdomen * uncertain, but in
18 instances both * were found in the inguinal canal, * * only one was found in the inguinal canal, the other *. The number in which the semen * * * and in three * were found * *; one case was *, * * * * * on a * *. The number * * *. In one case a * * * * *. * * * * *, * * * * * * of a *. * *, *, *, and the * * found a place in *; and although there are * of the possession * * *, *, we are compelled to say that * * * * of human *. * * might be * the curious * * *, of a * who was * * *. * * that no traces of * were found * * * * * * was found in * *. * have been found days and * *, and the individuals during this period * * *, but in these cases the * * *, although the * had ceased to flow. *, * *, * * * * * * * * * * and who * * *. * describes a man * * * * *, * * * * *.
In some cases there is * position of the testicle. * * * instance in which, from the great pain and *, a small tumor * against the right pubic bone * to be a * *. There were * * in the scrotum, and the * * * a third. * describes a * * *, * * * * * * * * * * * * near the internal * of the internal *, * by a * until the tumor passed into *. It was found in the upper part of the scrotum * * *, but not in contact, and was about half * of the normal *; * cord and epididymis * * * and caused the same * * * * * * *.
* * a boy * * in whom the right half of the scrotum * *, although the left * of normal size * * *. * * * * * * in the *; the boy said that while * * *, four years before, and on getting * * * * * groin. and this * * * *. * * * * to the scrotum. * * 20
instances of * who made a similar *, * the first *; * * was likely due to *, * * * * * *. There is a * a dog remarkable for its * who had two * * * and one in the abdomen; some of the older * * * * * on this subject.
* describes a child with a * in the * * painful and elastic to the touch. The child * * * * to the tumor and there was * evidence that the * * *. *, * * *, has given a * in an * * *, as was the * at that * * * * * *. * * from a * off the * * *. * * * he had been * dozens of *, * * * * * of rupture in both *. The scrotum was found to be * *, * * * showed that the * * * of the * *. As soon as * was made the * * * * *, * * the parts the * were found in the * * found that there was no chance for * * * he was an * and gave * * in which, * *, * * * * up from the bottom * * to the external * *. At the word * * * * * * *, * another, and * * *; * * * * * * * * * could not be distinguished.
In this * * * of a man * * * * every time the * * *, * * * * * * * *; the same author describes a man * * into the inguinal canal every time he was * * of women.
Inversion of the testicle is of several varieties and quite rare, it has been recognized by * * *, *, *, and other *.
* anomalies of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles are of little interest and will be passed * mention of the case *, * found the seminal vesicles *; * * has been seen in *.
* * *.
ANOMALIES OF *, SIZE, AND DEVELOPMENT.
* * * * * accounts of * *, * * *, * * was the * the life of the individuals * enough to come * *. * * known as the *, and the *, * *, * *, who were * * *, * * in detail in the *" * * all the nations of the earth have their fairy tales * * * * * * *, * *; and pages have been written in the * of all * * * between these * men with * *, in which the giant *.
The word * is derived * from the old * * *" which in its * came from the * of the *. It is of * *, *, or the *" * * * * *" * *, *.
* * are told in the Bible * that the * * *, * * *, * * *, which in * * *. * * *, who was * * *, * * and a * * *. The body of * to the *, * * long. The *, in number, were a * * * * * * *, and their descendants were the *. * * to these creatures * *, and they * * * * * * * the sky and to help * * * *. *, a man * * * who is said to have been not over * *, * * * *.
* * *, who was brought to * * * * * * and was * * * in height, * that the remains of * * *, found in the * * * in the * *, of which they * to be the *, * * * *. * * *, * believed that the * of man *, but from the remains of the * * * it would appear that the modern * is about * as the ancient. * * * * * * * and now in * * * * * * * * * * * * * * example, the * *, is well * * * * *.
* * * * * * * an equivalent of about *, * *. * * * *, * * * * * by the King * * * *, * * * *. *, * *, * a giant * high and * he had * who were * *. *, * * * to have been * *, * * * *, * said to have been * * high. It was said that there was a giant living in * * under the rule of * * * * * * * *.
There are * * * of the * *. * * say that he was * * * high, and * * * for a *, and that he * * * a day and * * * * *. He was * * being a great *, and in his * * * to have * * * *. * * * * * * * with great * *.
In the * times there were * stories of the * who lived in *. * say that * * the name * * because its * * *. * * says that on the * * near the * * * * * * high; and in his * *, * * * * saying that on the * * * * on a * the skeleton of an * * * * * and who was * * in height. * * * * the bones *. * says that the bones of * * * inches, and the skull * * * *, just about the size of the skull * *, *, * only of * *. In his account of a * * * * *, * * says that on * * found at Port * * * covered with * beneath the stones * * of men * * * *. The ancient idea of the * * the men of * were so * that the * * * under their * * * *; * we know * * exhibit no exaggeration of * *, * * * * * * * are rather * * of the * was not limited to * * accounts of men in the * of the Peak * who had * in their head and * * *.
Discoveries of *' *, * * *, says that there was to be seen at one time in * * * * * * of the giant *, * * to be * tall; and that in * * * *, near the *, they found a * * * * *, the skull of which would hold a * *; * * * * *, *, taken as *, would make * * * *. On the * * * * * said that the * contained the * * * * * *, * * * * *, * * *, * that he * * * * * bones of a subject that must have been at least * *.
* * * * * possessing the bones of the giant *, * * of the *, who was * by his * * *. * * had the * and part * *, *, * by the * * in their *, * * to be *. * claimed to have an * * in the medical school * * * * *, which they * * belonged to a man * * *.
It is said that while * * * * there was * the body of a giant * the title *" and that the skeleton * * *, * * shoulders, and feet from breast to back. The * * * long, and the teeth as large as those of *. * * * version of the finding of the * *.
* * * * * there was found the skeleton of a giant * * was at least *; * * was the size * *, and each * * *; and in and in
1550 there were * * of the height of *. * * * * * * * and 36
feet in height. * * * it is recorded that there * a human * * tall, and the * * * in a * * in that country. In *, 1691,
there was the skull of a giant found in * * * 210
pounds of *.
* * the accounts of * originating in the finding of * * * of course * *, * * * * those of some animal. * * * * obtained a * in the public mind, and in the * * * known of it. The * *' * * those of *, elephants, and other animals. * we learn that * * * * * * * * * *' bones of *, * * * * or images. From their * we must believe they were * *, as no * * * *. * describes a * for many years * as the * of a giant * to be nothing but a * of a * * *, * a common *. * * * * * shown in * early in the * *, * * composed of the bones of the * of a small * of a *.
* * * * *, who treated this subject * *, * at the conclusion that while in most * * * * those of *, *, *, * some instances * were given by * * * * * *. *, * * will be * believe that any * * * * * * *; *, such cases with * references are extremely * * that the * * * * * * was the * *" * * * * * *. * person was not quite * * *. *, * a reliable *, comes to * conclusion that there is no doubt that men have lived * and even * *; * * * * * * from the references *.
From the original estimation of the height of * * * calculated that * * * * and that of * * * come to *, * seemed to be about * * * * in the Middle *. * *, we still have stories of men from * * *, * * cases. It was only in the latter part of the * that we began to have * * * *, * * the men * through the country * * * * * * *, * * * * show that but few * * * are over feet or weigh over 350
pounds. * says that the number of * * * * * is not more than and of these * * * to be * *. If we * * * * * * * the list * *. * * * * * * * * and found that he was * *. * * * * * in height. * * *, who was born in * in the *, and found that she * * * * * and a half years old.
* *, as a rule, the great * is due to excessive growth of the lower extremities, the size of the head and that * * * nearly the same as those of a man or * * * age. On the other hand, in a natural * * * * *, the head, *, * always larger * to the body, just as we find in infants. *, * of "General * *" * those of an * * * * * * * *.
* shows a * of two * * of about the same age, and illustrates the possible * * * *.
Recently, the association of acromegaly * * has been *, and in these instances there seems to be an * enlargement of all the bones of the body. * * describe the case of a male of * * * unusual before the age of *, when he began to *, *, * * * *, * * * * in height and * * *. * * * very strong until the age of *, * *, and following * he developed an extreme * the spine and trunk, the latter * * * the nipples * on a level with the anterior * of the *. For two years * * * *, *, *, headache, and * * he was *; the bones of the face and * * * characteristic of acromegaly, * * not being involved. The circumference of the trunk * * * inches, and over the most prominent portion of * * *, *. The authors * * and others that there is an * * * * *, but they * further and compare * * growth of the body. * call attention to the * * * of the * growth of * * *, * * * well to * * of this disease: "The disease manifests itself * in the bones of the extremities and in the * the bones," and * with this * * * *: * * * of the * * * * *.
The many theories of the cause of * will not be discussed here, the reader being referred to * * * * *.
* * of some of the most famous * will be made, together with any * points of interest.
*, physician to * *, says that he * * * * high and a man and a woman * *. * says that in
1553 the * * * * * by three brothers * descent from * *, * * *, *, * * of whom * * * in height. In his * *" * * * said that in the time *, * * *, the giant * * so large that * * * * arms, and his * * * * * * of the * * * *, * * * was one * *, * *, who died in
1676 in his * year. The giant * of the * * * * *. * *" * * * *, * * * * * * *, * * *. * * * *, of whom there is a picture in *, * * *, * * high; and *, * * * *, was about the same *. *, * * * *, was nearly *; * * * in his *.
In the * *, in order to * * * * *, * made a * of all the * * * * * *. * * of this * * * * complained to the * that the * * in such a manner as to make their lives *.
* * of a * * *, *, five years old, * * * as large as that of a * woman and * when a year old as much as a * of wheat. * * a man living in * *, * * * * * *. * van den * * of a * * * who was * *. *, * * * *, * * * *; he became a *.
* * * * * * *. There is a * * * one of the * * * * * * says that in * * * * * * * * *. * * * * * * * * * that he was nearly * *.
* * * * * * who was * *. * * a giant * *.
* * * said to have * * *. *, * *, presented to * *, * * * the age of * * died in * * of the * * who was said to have been * * *. * * * * says that there was * * * * * * * * * * * *, * * * years old. In the * * * is an account of *, * is still preserved in *. In the * * * * the time of the * * * *, * * * * * * years old who was * *.
* * * * * *, in the * * *, who died at the age of * with a height of * *. *, in great * * *, * * * * * *. * *, born in 1752
at *, *, * called the "Child * *" * * is in * *, *, * * * *. In his "History of *" * *, * * * account of a discovery in of a skeleton * long. In in a * * * * * * * * * who was * high and * *. * * * * there was shown in * * parts of * a most * * * * hands or feet * * a needle, * *, * there was * * * * * * * years of age and * *, * by her * * * * * *, from the Island of * years old and * * *. * *" records the death of * * * * * * * * of the chest. He was * years old and 8
feet * in height; * began to grow at the age of * * had no *; * * * *; he was a *. There was a giant * in St. *, *, * * in height, who was very thin and *.
*. * *, who died in * a man * * *. * *, in his * of Natural * * *, * * *, * * *. Early in
1837 there was * * * a young man * * * of the King of the * who was * * * * *. * *, * * * died in * * at the age of *, * * * high and * *. The skeleton * *, * preserved in the * * *, is a striking example of *. * * * * * *.
* * *, * * *, * * to be * * in height at the time of his death in at the age *. The story of his connection with the * * is quite *. * * * that he would * * * *, * * * * * * * in the * * *. The giant * all his life by the * assertions of * * * * * * *. *, *, * * * decline of his class of *, * * * *, * * * * to take * * * * to the middle of the * * * * * * *. *, it is *, * informed of this * the prospective * and thus * * * has been estimated that it cost * * * to gain possession of the skeleton of the * * * in which the body * *, together with * * relative to the circumstances, * in the * of the * * * * *, and were * at the meeting of the * * * with other * *. * * is now one of the features of the *, is reported * * in height, and is * * * * *, * * *, who was * * * * * * * She did not grow * * * at the age of *.
* *, * * * *, and who * * * under this *, claiming that he was a * of the * * *, * *, who he * * in height, was born in and died in * * * *. * * * * long, and he was * * * * his death.
In the * * * * * * there is a * * * *, said to be the * * of his time. It * * inches, and is * in the * * * * of the * * * * *. * * * there is a * of the * * * *" in the * of his *. * 158
represents a * * *, * * who was * * *.
* refers to a * * who he * * * * *. *, * * *" * * * * to nearly all the modern world, was said to be *. * at the age of nineteen, * * * *. * *, *, * there was an * * * in height, * around the chest, and * *. * shows an * * * *, * *" At the age of nineteen * * * * tall and * *.
* * there were * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *, * *, both of whom * * *. *, * known as the * *" years ago * * figure in many * *, * * * * * with his *, the combined height of the * greater than that of any * known to *. * was born in *, * *, *, * * * enlisted in the * * * * * * years old * * to the service because of *. At the close of the war * * * * * height of * *. * * * * and his * * until it * *. * * as a * * * * with various * *. * * * the large * * * in the United States, * *, *, *, *, *, *, *. While in * * * * * * * *, known as the * * *" who was two years * of her * *. * * * * * * *, * *. The two * * * * * height of * * * * * * * * known to *.
* *' * were of * *. His father, a native * *, * * * high and * * mother was * * tall and * *. * of the father of *. * * * * * * * * * * * *, * * *.
A recent * * *: * *. *. *, * * * at one time * the attention of *, has recently * from his * * * * * * on his * * *, *, *, half a * * * *.
* there was shown in * * *, * * *, * * * *) * * * *. *) long and of great *. * * * * * there was a * by the name of *, called the * of the *" * * * * * *. * *, *, * * * in May He was so large * * of the * in which the deceased * * * to the level of the floor had to be taken *, * that the coffin might be lowered * block and * * to the ground. * * * * * * *, * died of * *. He was * * in height and * * * * * *.
* * * number of persons of great *, * * * *, * * * *, *, * * *, * *, * *, * the Long, *, *, *, * * * * in modern times. *, * * * *; *, * *; *, * *; *, *, * *, * *, *, * * *, * *, * * * * *, were all men of *.
* * *" is of * * *, *) * corresponds to the *" * *" of the *. * * in the * people of * * * * * *. In the *" * * of the * * * * *; but the * of these * * these creatures * * * that they * * * * *. * * * * * * * there were people of extreme * *. The Bible * that no * * * * *. * * * speak of * * * *, * * *. In the * * * * that there were * in the * * *, *, * * in the older * * said to contain * *. * of what * * * * * have been found in the *, and in * * * * *.
*. *, * * * *, confirms the statements of *, *, * * that there * * * * near the source of the *. * * * * * of the country occupied by the * that their * varies from * * * * people are called the *, * * * * * * * * *, characteristics that seem * for their small *.
* * * * of the existence of an * * called the *, * the country of *, a little to the * of the equator, who were about
1.4 meters in height. There have been * found in * region of very * *. * * * * near the * who are called the * describes the *, who are but * * *, * * called the *, * vary from * * *. * * speak of a * * * whom they * *, and of the *, * * * * * * *. * has a * * * called the *, * is known of them. * * there are * * * descended from the *, * * * * *.
In the works of * * * there is * to the tradition of a * * * in the * * * near the * * * in Central *. * * * * * * on the way to * *. * * * * on his * * * * * * * * people, but * * * * * * to the older *. * * * * * * * * in height.
* * * who were sent to the King * * * shown in * * * * * * * * * at the court * * * * *. These two * * were found in Central * and were * * * * years old. * * * * of their own * from any known * *; they were * by an * *, a native * *, * * as the sole * of the * * * *, *, * *. *, * * his life in * *. * * * * * recent years and at the time of report. * * *. * they were under the care of the * Society of *. They were * * *, * * * * too much, and were * * * * attempted to * *. * * * Children" in at the ages of seven and six years, * pair of * * *, * * * in height and * * *. The circumference of their * did not equal * * * * at birth.
It is known that at one time the * * * * * * * an insufficient * * *. * * * * from their * * and a great number *, * those who * * * * by the * * for their *. There were * * * * *. * the most efficient in the * * * said to have * the backbone with the * * *, *, * * *; it was * said that * * * * * the feet * *, as the * * * of the parts * * * * *. * the growth of * intended to be * * down by * *.
* Popularity of * one time a * was a necessary * of every * family. The * * * * *. *, * * * *, had a * *, * * *, each of whom * * * *. It was the fashion at one time to have * * * * * *. * * *, * * *, was a *, * * *, * * *; * * *, who was only * *; *, who was only * high, and *, * * *. Later in the Middle * and even to the last * * seen at every *. * * * * at the * * * * * * * * * the Court * * * some parts * * *. At this time the * * * * * *. The Court * * * * * speech, and in order to get * * other men * * * one of the * * * * one of * * *.
* * * * * *, of which * had been given to * * * * * * and three * * * *. * * * had three * * at one time, and in she had * * * *, *, *, *, * * the last * in the Court * * * *, who died in * * * * were present at great * * *. * * * the Cardinal * * * * * * * * * *. * the Great * had a * * *, and in * * * * * of the * of his *, * * * of the * * *. There were
72 * of both sexes * to form the * *, * account of * and difficult *, * were forbidden in *.
* England and in * * * had the * of their * * by the * * of the day. * * * * * *, * * * *, with a large dog, * to bring out the * *. * * * * a great number of * at the Court * *, and in one of his * * * * * accompanied by her * * *. * of these * have been * *. In the * * *, * *, *, and in the "Triumph of *" * * * * are found, as well as in other * * * *. At the present * * * * seem to have * * * *, * in a limited *.
* * must be *, however, that many of the * before the public have been * *, possibly augmented by comparison. * * * at a meeting of the Natural * * * * it was demonstrated by * * * * * the brain * of the body, * to the average proportion of adults, * to
30 to * The subject was a * * * who died *, and was said to have * after his * * * * * inches and his * *. * of the head * mm. and the brain * *. and was * *. This case was one of * of development, affecting all the organs of the body; * * *. He was a child of large *; had two * * * * * size and two * *, * * * and the other * *.
* * * in history have been *. *, * * *, * * *, * * *, *, * * *, * * * * * *. * * of the * century the * * * * * * * * * * *. * *, * *, * such a success in * by the * * * he was named the * *. * died in * * * *, * * * (who was about * in height and the father * * by a wife of about the same *, * * * * * * * *. * * * *.
*, a member of * * * in the last *; *, * * * * * * *; * * * *, *, * * * * * below the average * * says that there were * * * * from their * must have * * * Order, and who were * * * * *) *. * * * of them * preserved in *.
It may be * * * * women are predisposed to give birth to *. * had a * and a * * *. In the middle of the * century a * * * *, and in the * century a * * had a * as small as he was. * * * * * *, had a * * * * * * * * * * * who was only *, *, about the length of a * *. * * * * size, but * * * who was * *.
There are two species of dwarfs, the first * into the world under normal conditions, but who in their * * with a sudden arrest of development provoked by *; the second are born very small, * *, * * * from their birth; as a rule they are *, *, * *. These two species can * by an important characteristic. The rachitic * the first class are incapable of * * * those of the second category have proved more than * *. A certain number of * * * * of normal height and have had * *, * * not, it is true, * * * of their *; but we have instances in which * * * and had a family sometimes quite *. * * inches) and * *, * *, * * *, *, and of normal *.
* * of some of the most * * will be cited with a short * mention of * interest in their *.
* *, who was * * * * was a *, and was noted for * *, *, and as a *. * *, the most * * *, * * * * * * At the age of *, * * over a foot *, he was presented to * *, * * *, in a *; * * * * *. * * * he was said to be not more than * * * * * to about *. In his youth * * *, * with a * *, which is * * * * *. He became a popular and *, * * * * * * to his * * command of a * company and * * *. Both in * and physical * * * *. At one time he was sent to * * * * for the *, who was a *. * * * * by the name of * to fight * *, * * * * *; * * * * * *; * * grew out of his * * * * * *. He was accused of participation in the * * * by his * * in the * * *, * * died in at the advanced age *. * * * of the Peak" * *. * * * * * *.
About the same * * * had a * in his * * * *, who was remarkable for * * * * * as a * *. * * * * of his *, * *, * * * * *, about his * *. * * * *, five of whom * * * age and were of *. * * at the age of *; her husband * * * * * * * * *, * * *; * * * * * *.
* there was born of poor * * * * a child * * *. He became a very * *, * * * * * * * * a woman * * * * he had * *. He was one of the smallest * *, * * * in height. * * * *, * * * * and with great * * * * * *. * * a great * * returned to his *, * * * * *. He was very intelligent, and * * * *, especially by one *, * * * * * tall, and *.
* * * * * *, * known as *. He was born at * in the * * he was * *. *) *, * * at birth, and * on a * to the * * *. At five * * * * * * *. * * * * *. He was of good *, * * * * *; *, * did not * his mother * * *. He was * * in his *, * * * of good * * * * * * * *, who was * * * *. * * * in a very * condition, and his * * in the * of Natural History * *. * his death * * * to a female * * *, * at one time * * * * * * *, together with an older *. * * * *, and both * and her * * * * in height. * died in * * gives a picture of a * * of the * * * who was only * *, * * *; * * of some * who were not over * *.
There was a * * * * *, born in who was * all over *. He became * * * * * * fairly well. In at the age *, * * in height, * * a woman * *, * * * * * * *. * * in many countries, and finally * * *, * * died in at the * * * *, and is buried by the side of the * *. * * * *, * * * * * *, died in at the age of one *. * * are striking examples of great age in * * * * much interest. * * * * * and three of his * * *; three of the * * * *. * has written a * this family.
*, * * * * in height, died in * * * * years. In childhood he had been a * * * * * * * * * *. * * * passed in and out of * as an infant * * *, * * * * which might * dangerous to carry in any other *.
* *. *, *, there is the following * on a *: "In memory * * *, * * * * the 4th day of May, at the age of * *, * * in the *, and one of the most * was born in *, in the * * *, * *. * * * at the age of four, when she * * *. * was shown in many * * * * * * *; * was very *, * * * *, and had * * *.
* there was shown in * * * by the name of * *, * in height, and his *, *, who was * *. * * was a great * * * a small *; * * years they had * * * *. * died in * * so much * * that he * * * *.
* shows a female * with her husband and child, all of whom * * * * since in the * *. * * of the child to the mother * *.
* * * * * * high, and * one individual, * *, * * *, * * the smallest * on record. * * * * * * * * * * who was * * *. * * * of a child of three or four; * * delayed until it was two years old and it did not * *. The parents of this * were of * *.
At the *" * * * * there was a * * of ten *. He was said to be the * of an * * the time of his * * * *. * * * * six months and at the * of that time * *; since then, *, he had only * * * arrest of development seemed to be connected *; although the head was no larger than that of * of two, the anterior * * * *, * there was pressure within. He was * and muscular; * * in his *; * * *; * * * * *; he was expert in many kinds *; * * * * desire for * * * *.
* described a boy of five and a half, at the * * for Children, who * * * * * * *. * * * * *, * * the sense of *. * * were large * formed, but he was * *. * *, * * normally, but * * contractions of the spine * * * *.
* * * * * * and a half * * * inches and weight *, * * *. * * her mother had good health and both * * * * *. * seemed to stop growing at * *. * * * on a par with the rest of her * she would * and again she would * * for a long time. She had a * * with a * * on her *. * * * were shed in the * and had been replaced by * and right * * * on the right side. There was no indication of * a slight development of the hips. * * * *, but could * * letters and * * *. * of the head * inches, and * * * * * * * *, as well as *; * * the case as one of * represents a most * case of a * * *, *, * * * *, * *.
In recent years * * * * the popular *, but none so much as * * *" * * * * *. * *, * *" was born at *, *, * * 1832;
he was above the normal weight of the *. * * * * * *, * * * * less than *, * of this phenomenon in his *, * *, * was shown all over the world under * * name. He * * * * * and in the following * * received by the * Family in *. * * *, and even the most * * * * * *. * * *, in which he * in a *; but his * *" * * the women who *. It is said that in * * * * * *; * * * on his success in this * * * * * * *. * * * * * and had * a large * * * * * * * * * *, * * *" * * *" * * * * *, and by her * * *, *, who died * after birth of cerebral congestion. In * * * *, *, were still *, * * that they * * * and have * *.
* the wife of a * * * * birth to * * *, * *. * is only * in height * * is even *. They were * * * * * * * * * * under the name * * *. *" being the smallest * * * *. At the latest * the mother and her * * *.
* * * have been * * to the public. * *, * * *, * * * * *. * is the * * children and is said * * * * * in height; * is said * less than * * but is * *. They give * * * and are apparently *. * that they were examined and still * * * of the * * *.
Next to the success of * *" * * * * has been so * as the *" * * * so many * have in late * *. They were * * * * * composed entirely of *; * * * in all their *, which were * several years and * recently in all the large * * United States. They * themselves to be * * * in the class of * known as *. * * could be *, * from the fact that they * * * * * * * * * *, they were collected from the * * *.
* * *" was born * * * According to a recent * she is * formed and is * *. She is * tall and * *. * were of normal *.
* * since the * * the death of * *, * * *, * * * were never *; but there is no doubt that she was the smallest * * In this country. * * made a * * and her * * among the highest * to modern *.
* *. *, * * *, at the age of * * * and was only * *.
* development is characterized by a * growth of the subject, * at an early period of life * * * * adult. In some of these instances the * * * * puberty, and after * the adult * * early age there is an apparent cessation of the * adult life the individual shows no distinguishing *.
The first to be considered will be those cases, sometimes called *" characterized by early puberty and * in infancy. Histories of * * * transmitted from the time of *. * * * * History" of * that in *, * had a * * * * * *) in three years; * * to have little *, * * mind, and a slow and * * * * *, and he * at three of general * says that *, the brother * * *, * *, a young man, a mature *, an old man, and * * children all in the space of seven years. It is said * * * * * was born so long before * time that * * skin; in his second year he was *, in his * * succeeded, in his * * he had a complete *, * * he was *, in his * he had * * in his * * *. * * of a boy * * * ten years * a female. * there was a * * *, * *, who had the external * * * * months, and at the time of his death at * he had the appearance of an old man. He was * *" * * and some of the * * instances of * * * *.
It was said that * *, who was born at * *, * *, *, * * * * * form and * after the completion of his * * * * * * *, * like a *. * penis and testes increased in size, * * * * * on the *. At the age of three he was * * tall and * *. The length of * * * * inches and the circumference * * * *, * * * * * *. He was reported to be *, *, and muscular. An old * says that in *, * * *, * *, * * * was born on the 26th of May, a boy * *, * at five years * of the height of a boy * * * the genitals of a man. * * *, * work, and in every * * * *, who were * *.
There is a case * by the older authors of a child born in the * * * at the age of four * * of his *, * had a beard and the height of a man. The same * * of a boy of six, * *, who was * and had * *. * * * *, together with the * * *, * * appearance of a man * *.
* * presented to the Medical * * * a child * *, * *, who had *.
There are on record * * cases of early puberty in boys, one of whom * at five with the signs of premature *; * * he had shown signs of enlargement of the * * * * * at three * * * * *, and had * *. One of the * a child * at birth * * * * * *. From four to * * * * *, * * age of three * * * * *. At this age * * * high and * *. The last * was an infant * experienced a change of * * months and * * on the *. At three years he was
3 * * tall and * *. *, * *, records the case of a boy * * * of four * well developed; at the age of six he was * * tall and * *; * lower extremities * * * and his * were as * as those of an adult. He had a short, * * * * on his *, * * pubic hair * *, * *. * describes a child of three and a * who was * * and muscular as one at *. * * * organs and long * * on the *. * * * * four or five times a day; he had * * voice, and dark, * * on the * and upper lip.
* * * account of a boy of four who looked like a child of ten * * * sexual organs of a man with a * of hair on the *. * * * said to have been * beauty and a * model of an *. * * * * * and weight *; the penis * * * *; he was intelligent and *, * * * covered with the * * *. A peculiar * * this case was the statement of the father that he * * * * * *. * * this case * others that he has collected from medical * * reported the case of a boy * * * at three years and one * * * *; * * * * * inches and when * *, but the * were not developed in * describes a * * of three years * and a * * * * * * and weight *; * about the chest inches and about the waist *; * * at rest * * long and had * * *, although the testes * *. He had * of a beard and his * * *; it is said * * with ease * a man * *. * * * covered with * * and had a * *, but it was not known whether he had * *.
* * a boy of seven with severe * complicated with * which he had * from a * * * * *. At the * * * * * * * have been observed to *. * * * * * * *, * * a case of * of four who was * * * * * * * was not detected * * * *; * * * in a * state of *. * * * * of three in whom * attacks of * * * *' *. * * * * * ten to twenty * *, two of them *, *.
* describes a boy of five years and two months * during the year * * * and seminal *. * * * and he had a * * on his upper lip * on the *; * * * * inches and * * *. * penis and * were as * as those of a boy * * * *, * * * * one would * * to be *. * * * of women and would not let * * * * * * *.
* * of a boy of three and a half * * and who at five and a half had a * of adult *, * on the * * known to have had * *. * * * of six years and * * who had the appearance of * * *. He was * * tall and was *. * * * signs of * * * * of his second year and when three years old he had * * *. There is an instance in which a boy of thirteen * with a young woman at least a dozen * * * * her. The same * * * in which a boy * * succeeded in * * of the same age. * * of a young * * * * sentenced to one * * * * * * *.
* describes a boy of four years and three * who was * * tall and * *; * * * and coarse, and his penis and testes were of the size * of an adult. He was * *, *, *, * *. It is said that he * * * and had * *, although no * found in the semen *. * * * * * * *. The history of this rapid growth says that he * unlike other * until the third *, * * * a small * several hours he was taken with a *, after which * * began to change and his * to develop.
* * the case described by * * * * *, who was born on * * *, * size. At the age of six months * * * * in an extraordinary *. At the age of six years * * * * inches) and * * * * * manifested in every *; * * society of children and * * * in their * showed a * * * who had been * * * ten years. * * * * * * * on his * and his external genitals * * * at the age of two years they were fully developed * * * changed in the following years. At times * * * *. * four and * * * * *, but it was not determined * * * *. He had the muscular development of * * *. He had * several years. The * * * from his failure to * *.
The accompanying * represents a boy of five years and three months of age * * at this time * * * * * far beyond * * at this age, * * resembling those of a man * *. * * * covered by a *, and the * * * * *.
* * on the * * * * in the * * *, *, says that when only * * * * * * in height and * *. * * by the * * * * * to be the * * of his *. * * a boy * * * * at the age of three * *. *, * there was shown an infant * * * was more remarkable for * * * *. * * * *, * * * *, * *. He had * *, * *, * * * that of a * * in the *. * a description of a giant *. There is * * a the report of a boy * * * * * * * * *. He was said to have been of * from infancy and was * in several * * *.
* * * * an extraordinary instance of rapid growth in a boy * * * * * * * *.
Large and Small * * are many accounts of * infants who were characterized by their * * * we have * * instance of twins * * * hundred and * * * * less than *; * case of a female * at the one * * * * *; * case of twins * fifth month, * * * and the other * *; and on * is an account of * *, * *. * * * * * * * * * * * of one * by a * * * with the * of the * * *. * * * month of pregnancy * * * * * by a *, but she * to term, and a living * * * * but a * and was * * * *. It was brought to England and died at the age *, * * *. * * a child * *' * * * * and was * *. * a living * * at birth * * * *, * * * * was born at * *, *.
* * * the birth of a child * *, and another *. In the * * there is * * * * says that *. *. *. * *, *, * birth to a boy * * that could * in the * of the hand of the *. * * * * *, * * * *, the other * *. They were less than * long and *; they were not only * but extremely *.
There is an account of female * born in before term. One * *, and over * *, forearm, and hand * * * * *. The other * * * * to adult life; the larger * and was * of two *, * * * *. The other * *, and although not a *, * *; she had * * third week. * describes a * *.
On the other hand, there have been * characterized by their enormous size at birth. Among the older *, * * * which at birth * *; * * * * *; * * * of a * * * *. * * in his *" * * * * * *. It is worthy of * * so great * * of these instances that in cases, in the *, *, only one * * *.
There was a child born in * * * * * * * *. * * a woman * of male *, * * * * * * *. The placenta * *, and there was * * * * *. Both the * * * well formed; the parents were of * stature, and * * the mother was * *. * * * * *; * * * * * *. * * of the birth of a child *, a male, * * * * and was *. It was * about the chest, *, * likely to live. The mother, who was * * *, * * * * * of large size. In this instance the gestation had not *, the delivery * spontaneous, and there was * of the parts.
* says that on * *, there was a child * * *. * * was not severe and * * of the family * * *. * a woman, * *, who had a most difficult * * an extremely large *. She had been * * *, and by * * * * * a child * *. * first child * * * and her *, the one *, * * * soon after delivery.
There is a history of a * * * * who was delivered by the forceps of her first child, * * * which was * long. The circumference of the * *, of the neck and of the thigh *.
* * of a child * * at birth. * describes a male * who was born on * * *, * * * of the same *. * the case of a woman who * having three * * had a child * * *. In the delivery * * * of the anterior wall of the vagina; * * *, together with an inch of the rectum, * *.
* describes a birth of a young * * *. * mother was *. *, * * *, * * * * *. * * * *, but she * * of a healthy * * * * long. The * * * * * * * * of amniotic fluid.
There is a recent record of a * * performed on a woman * * in her * pregnancy and one * *. The fetus, which was * * * * *. * * of the birth of a * * * *. *) * * *. * * had been induced at the * * the hope * * a living *, the three * having all been * * account of their *. Although the * * * *, * * * * * * so great as to render the * *.
* * * * of the body are most * anomalies and must not be * * * *, in both of which there is similar lack of *. There seems to be no satisfactory clue to * of these *. Most frequently the left side * * developed, and there is a * difference in * of the extremities.
* * a case of a child affected with congenital * * associated with patches of *. * * * in the right half of * in a child of four, * * shortly after * * * of a case of congenital hypertrophy of * *. * * * were among the first * * * *.
* * * * reported a case of * in a * of ten. The whole * half of the body * * * * * than the left, resulting in a * * * reaction and the * * * *. * was first * when the child * *. * * * * *.
* * an unusual case of * in a boy of ten. There was * * in the family history, and * * suffered from none of the diseases of * * * at birth, but not to such a * as at a later period. The increased growth * entire right half of the body, including the face, * * noticeable in the leg, *, * *. * * * * * over the * * * on the right side, * on the * of the leg. The accompanying * * * * at the time of report.
* * the history of a female * of three years with nearly universal * * *. At first * * * diagnosed as *. * * the face, the genitals, the left side of the trunk, * * *.
* records a case of * in a female * of one year. The only * * * excess of size of the * was shown in the * * *, which were of * size as on the other hand; and the left side * * in any of its * * a little * * * *. * hypertrophy of one side is the * of such cases, the author suggests that there may * condition of * upon the other side, and he is * * that in this case the *, hand, and foot of the left * * below the average of the * age. In this * in others * *, there were * spots of * * * * *. * * * * to the * * * instance of * * a female * of nineteen months. The right side * * * * was believed to be due to a deficiency of * the left side as well as * of the right. * * * on the right side and one on the left.
* abnormality of the adipose *, causing in * * augmentation of the natural volume of the * be described with other anomalies of size and * may be *, as seen in the * or in the * * women and men, or it may be general; and it is of * that we shall * *. *, * * *, will be left for another *.
The cases of obesity in infancy and childhood are of considerable interest, and we sometimes * cases that have been * of "congenital *" * represents a * * * * * *. * * example of infantile *, known as * * describes a female * not a year old * * *. There is an * on record of a * of four * * * * * * of five * * * and had the strength of a man. * says that * of fat did not * until some time after * * * * given to * * * * * * * * * * at the age of six * * * * *; * * * inches and the * * * * *. * was the offspring * parents, and lived in * and sometimes *. The child * intelligent and had an * * *.
* * * * * * * * * *. There is an * * of a young * * * * * * * * *. *, * *, describes a child * * at birth * *. It was * * * * like a child * *, except that it had an enormous development of *. The parents were not * large, and the * that she had had children before of the same * * a child who was * * * * * * * * danger of *; *, * *, * * all its * when two and a half, * * remarkable for its * *. * shows a * * * *, *, * * * * * *. * * * *, * * * * * * * and was * * * * * * around the waist. * * *, * *; neither of the two * over 7
pounds at birth and both began to grow at the fourth *. *, * * at an * in the * * * * * *" at the age of five. She had * * face and was * *. * * * height and larger around the breast and *; * * inches and * * * *. *, *. *. * * married to the only * * * * *; * * * * * * * * *. * seven years she had * * *. * * * instances of *. The first was a * * * at birth * *; * six months, *; * four years, *; * twenty years, *. * *, * * * * * * and was * *. There was a child * *, * * * *, * * * months was * * tall and * * * * *. * * at the age * * * *) * * * the waist. He was * * *. There was a * * who was * * *) high and * *. * * * * and her * * * *. She spoke with difficulty in * *; she had a most * *.
At a meeting of the Physical Society of * * * there was shown a * of five and a half * * 250
pounds. She * * * * * *; owing to * of fat on her * * * * like an * was no tendency to obesity in her *. Up to * * * * * by her mother, and subsequently * *, milk, and * *. * *, who was * descent, was * never to *.
* describes a child * at birth * *, * * * * * *, and at * * 98
pounds. She was not * * two years old and * * * *. The parents were not * *. * * instance of a boy of thirteen and a half * * *. * * of a child of four * * * * noted a child of the same age * * *, * * *, * of an infant three years and * * who had a * * *. * knew of * of five * * *. * * * * * * *. * * * * age of three * *, * at the age of * *, and a third at the age of two * *.
* * * * *" * *, a recent *, * at the * age of thirteen * * * tall and * *.
* * has been chiefly in Great * and in * that the most remarkable instances of obesity * *, especially in the former * * * * *. In some * * has been considered * of the female sex. * refers to the * *, * * * ten years old are subjected * * * * * *, * *, * * * * * * and the * of young * they are almost * * mass of fat. * *, * * * * * * * * * on a diet of dates and a peculiar * *.
In some nations and families obesity is hereditary, and * come and go without a change in the * of the *. In other people * * persistent, and efforts to overcome this * * are without *.
Treatment of * persons, the most famous of whom * *, have advanced * to reduce * * * *; but they have been * *, * * subject of * * * * * * *. *, * in a case of * treated with the thyroid * the subcutaneous fat * with the continuance of *, * led to adopt this treatment for * * * * *. The diet of the patient * *, and as the appetite was not * by the treatment * of weight * * due to other causes * *. * holds that the observations in *, *, and psoriasis * the belief that the thyroid * a material having a * * * * of the * * * upon the * * skin in general. There were patients in all; in * * entirely satisfactory, the loss of weight * * much as * pounds). Of the three cases in which * was not *, one had nephritis with *' disease, and the third *. * * * * of thyroid * * * benefit. So * * administration of the * * * the loss of *, but with the renewal of the * the loss of * * to a certain *, beyond which the * * to act. * * * * results from * of obesity.
* Instances of * * * * men and women have been the object of * and the number * * * * *. Nearly every * * * has its example, and some of the most famous * this way * able to accumulate *.
* has written * a long * on persons of * who in the * times were * for their *. * a description of *, * * * *, who was * that he was in * danger of *; * * * he was in a * * *, * * of very *. * doctors had * put in the back of his * * * from falling asleep * * up and thus * danger of suffocation. In the same * * * * * noted for their *; among others * * * *, * * *, * * fat that, according *, when he * he had to be supported on both *, when he was * at a *, he would * * * and execute * * * * *.
According to old chronicles the * * * * * * * * to lose their * and were * *. During the Middle *, according to * * * * *" * was considered a * * *.
Among the prominent people in the * * noted for their * * *, * * * *, * * * *, * * *, and others. Among men * modern times we can * * * *; * *; * * *; * *, Count of *; * * * *; * *, Count of *; * *, * *; * *, * * *; * *, * *; * * * *, who died in *, * * * *; * * * *; *; * *, * * *, * *.
Probably the most famous of all the fat * * * *, * * in the * * * *, * did not differ from other * * *. * * * * * of a * * * * *. * * * began to believe he would be very * * * *. * * * * with ease * * * * * while standing on one leg. In * *; at this time he became * as to *. * *, * * * * *, * * * * around the body and over * around the leg. He had * *, and it is said *, when the * * came to see *, * * * * * * * * needed for a *. * * about
3/4 of a *, * * that one of his * would be * * * * * * *, sometimes called * * * *" * * *. In the same * * * weight is an account of a man * * * * *.
*, a physician, * an enormous *, wrote a * * obesity and used his own * for a *. * * * *, who was * * fat that a * * * * * * * *" * * *, who was * * that this * * * *.
* *, * * *! and do not * *, * * * *. *, in all this *.
* * * some instances, a few of which will be cited. At *, * * * * *, * * with a single * * * * * died in * *. It took * * * to his *. *. * * *, * * * * *, * * in a * that was * * * *. * there was * * *, * * *, who was * * * * *.
*. *, * * * * *, who died in * *, * * * * * * * *. The two * * * *, * * *. * * in his * * of a * * who in passing through * had to use *; * says that * * *. It is recorded on the * * *, * * * * *, who died * * * * * a whole * * * and a * * *. * * a young * living in * * accustomed to * pounds of * *. * died in
1724 at the age of *, * *. * * died in *, * *, a person known as *" * * at the breast * inches and * *. One of his * * * of wheat. * 1822
there was reported to be a * * who could not * * * * * * *. The fat of his * * * like the fat in the legs of * *. *. * * * * who died of * * * * * * * *. * of a man who * *, * * * * * *. * * * speak of obesity * as to cause death. There is a case reported from * of a person who * *. * * * *, * * * *, * * *.
* gives the history of * *, * * * * for her *. * was born in *, * * *, * * * *, at which * * * * * * of her * * *. * * her husband, * * * *, * * * * *. * * *, in whom * * * *. The last * * when she * * years old. Neither the * *, * * *, which sometimes * her to * * *, * the progress of the *. At the * * * * * * high and one * * * *. * * * small and her * * *. * * * over a * * * * as low as the umbilicus. * * * elevated and * her body by the fat in her *. * * * * * augmented by six *. * * * * in proportion to her * *. * * * * * * * * * * * * *.
* * * instance of a woman * * * * *, the time of her *, * *. * * to mount * * * * in the *, * * place to place, * * not in *, * * * *. * *, who lived in * *, *, died of excessive * at the age *, * *. * * * speak of a * * * * * *. At birth * * *, * six months and at four years *. He was * * tall and the same in *. *, * * of the * * * *, * * * tall and * *. * * * around the *, * the waist, * * around the calf. He was born * * and was not quite * * * * illustrate the rate of *, * * * * months and at ten years *. He was one of a family * *. * * was not more than the average, * * * as regards the use of *, but a great * * *, he was intelligent and *. * * *, a member of an * * *, * * *, * * in bed * * * * *; * * unable to turn on her * * *.
There was a * who died * * * * * * * * or more. In * * * * *; * * * could not * * from her *, * she could not pass through the door the idea was abandoned. * There was a * woman who died * * * * *, exceeding the great * * * *. * * this case * the Medical Record * * there was a man * * *, who was born in * * * tall and * * *, * * man that * *. * says that he * * * * *, * * *, * * of obesity. * * was only * able to * * * a close resemblance to * *. * her to leave * *. The accumulation of fat * *, back, and * was enormous.
According to a recent number of * *, a young woman * *, * * * years old, * * * * * * * and her * *. The same * says that on one of the * * * * seen a * * with whom * * * * *. It is said that this * of the * * * * * * * * * * *. There is another * report of a * * * * * more than * * * five times as much as an * person. When * finds the greatest difficulty in * * * *, and as a rule * * in the * * represents an extremely * woman with * *. To end this list of obese individuals, * an old * living in * * *, * * *, * * in his * year and
14 * each of seven * *.
Simulation of * *, *, *, *, and various other * in which there is * change of the connective tissues may be mistaken * obesity; on the other hand, a fatty, * * simulate the appearances of pregnancy or even * *.
* * * has described a variety of obesity which he has * * *" in which there is an * of fat, * *, * * all over *, this condition differing from that of general * * *, in the mental symptoms, in the headache, and * * * * of. In some of the * * * * found that the thyroid * * * * * deposits. The disease is not * there is no * *, * * * * *, * alteration of the *, *. * it a *- * * * of various stages, * * *. * * * * was a * * * *, who died * * *. * * * * * * to enlarge. * *, the enlargement * * *, back, and sides of the chest. The parts * elastic, and there was no *. In some places the * *, in others it appeared as though * * * *. The skin was not thickened and the muscles * involved. In the right * there was * * * *, and this was present in a lesser degree in the left * * * *. * * * * * * * * over the left arm and chest, and later on * and on the front of the chest. The temperature was * * case was a * * * *. * tissue was very * distributed, and * the same as in the previous *. At the * * * *, and the fat over the abdomen * * *. The third case was a * * in whom * * * masses in various * * * *, * outer and posterior aspect of either arm, and two * over the *; there was * prominence of the *. At the autopsy the heart * *, * * below the umbilicus * * * *.
* * contrast to the fat men are the * * *" * men who have attained * * * * of the normal adipose tissue. The * * * * * that it was said that he * * * * to prevent * * * * * * of that of * * *, *, * * * from his *, * hardly be moved to his *.
* *, * died in * * * * age and gradual * a little *, * *, * *. He had been * * * * as a *; he had never * * *, and for the * years of his life * more than *. * * * * * *, all of whom * normal and * * * * *, * * * * * * of old *. * There was a "living *" brought to * * by the name of * *. He was born in and was in * *. * * * in the course of a day * * * * a small quantity of *. * * * *, over which the skin was * *. * from the chest to the spine * less than *, * * * * less. The * of the * * *. He was in good health and * *. * was very weak and *. The circumference of this * was only *. * * * has made * * *.
* * * * * skeleton. In he was in the * at the battle * *, and had * * in the * * *. At this time * * * * * years old. * * * * *, * * * *. He was in * health and could * * of wood * *; he was the father of four *.
* * of a man * who was * years of age and only * *. He was * * *: * measured in * inches and his * *. * *, both internal and external, * *. * represents the * * *" *. *. *, who has been * * * *. * good health and * * * * *.
In some instances the * * *" are merely cases of extreme muscular atrophy. As a prominent example of * * *, * * * at the age of * * *. * * another case * * condition of all the tissues of the * * *. * persons are always * * all the symptoms of progressive muscular atrophy, * therefore be * with the true examples of * which the health is but * affected or possibly * * *.
* * *.
*.
Scope of the Present * limits of space in this work * * a scientific * upon the * subject of longevity, and the reader is referred * of the modern * devoted exclusively to this subject. * * examples of extreme * found in the human race * * * object to lay before the reader the most * * * that have been * *, * the source of the information, * possible to * *, and to report * * points of * *. Throughout the article * * * * to show in what * *, *, * * longevity, and in what state of mind and body and * * man has obtained the highest *.
* * have been * * * * * * * accounts of * *, * that there has never been an instance of a man * the century * * age has been * * *. * * * * *. * * * * * since the * * * * * * * * mentioned in history * * * * at its occurrence has reached * * *. * taken the * * in life in which to find * their field of *. * is always most common * middle and lower classes, in which we cannot expect to * * * * * *.
* * * * in his * * * *" says that in * * *" for a period of one hundred and * * * * * * * *. * * * the same * had no * who lived * *, * *" had only one at *. In an * * was in a person who died at one hundred; and in * lived a * at one hundred and * * * * hundred and *. On the other hand, a writer * * * points out that an * * * * * a list of * of almost * * and many *, but the majority of * * *.
* * * * we must remember that it has only been in recent years that the middle and lower * * have taken * on their lives. * * * and those exposed to early * * in the * *.
*. * of the * * * * * * expectancy that show that males and * * are alive at one * years. The figures * on the * of the years *.
* * * * in the *, *, *, * * * are said to indicate * was considered * *; yet many * * * * * * * * this, and even the pages of * * * * results of * *.
In all * work of an individual type the histories of the lower classes are almost *; in the * * * lives and * of the most prominent are thought * *. * * * * is too * * * *, * * not being * * *.
* * * say that the natural term of the life of an animal is five times the period needed for its * * as the time of * in man, * * of human life would be one hundred and five. * * * it at one hundred and three and a few months.
* * *. *, * * * *, is credited with saying that out of every
1,000,000 people in * * * to be one * *, * an average of one to * says that during * of ten years, from * * *, * deaths of persons past the age of one *, * *, with a population of of one in * * * between one hundred and * and five; * between one hundred and five and * * *; * * between one hundred and * * * * *; and one was one hundred and *. Of the
203, * females and *. There are people in * are more than * years of age. There are who are * * * years old. One person is one hundred and * *, two are one hundred and *, and the remaining 18
are from one * to one hundred and *.
In the * * * * there is an account of a report of *. * * * *. * * the possibility of a man * * * * * report of interest.
* * * to the * * * * with the *.
* census of * has been taken in *, and the results, which have been published, show that there are now * this country persons who are over * * * * * * women, the * * * * * * to show * who are * * * * * *" after the * of a century. The * * of the * * * has led to the * * * * tending to explain this phenomenon. * of the longevity of women * * to be, * * propensity to * * and to *, * * * *, it is said, to the active * * *, while the body * * * *. * * * *, * commenting on * of the relative longevity of the sexes, * * of woman in the matter to the * *, * in general * * a more * * * * a man, * life is so often one of *, *, *. * * these theories, however, the * * * is not devoid of interest in some of *. * * an old * who fought under the * * * * the century * last year. * * the St. * * * * * * * * *, and who lives at * *, * * * * hundred and three years old, and has been * * * years a sort of * * * * *. It is a rather * * in connection * examples of * * that in almost every instance * is a person in the * * of life. * * * of these *, * * * * * * * * * * of modern times. * *, * * * hundred and fifty years, * in a * in the * *, * she had * * *, * during the * * * life on * milk and *. * * * * * * to the last, * her body * * * * degree, and her skin was * *.
In the last ten years the St. *' * * * track of *, of whom * men and * *. * to the * * * * * * * * within the last * *.
It may be interesting to review the statistics of *, who has collected the greatest number of instances of extreme * *.
persons who lived * * persons who lived * * * * * * * * Effect of *, *, * for the sake of *, all the instances of extreme * * * have been * persons in the lower * of life * * parts of the country, * * * * * * * to verify *. It must also be said that it * among people of this class that we can expect to * of the instances of extreme longevity of * * inhabitants of the higher * of life, the population * * communities, are living in an age and * * incompatible with longevity. In fact, * of nervous * * * by the * * business and mode of living * predisposes to *.
Those who object to the reliability of reports of * seem to lose sight of these *, * * * * * cannot be obtained * * * without giving the subject * thought and * tending to substantiate the multitude of instances * * of such * * *, *, *, *. * * * * * told that a man * * * at one hundred and * * that he * *, as people when they get on in years are prone * * as to the number of their * * * hardly be *. One of the strongest * * * * * in his own life the statement * were no *.
It is commonly believed that in the earliest periods of the * * the lives of the * were more * *; that these * * * * * strength, and most * duration of life. It * * * that we are * for the origin of * *. Some have not * * * * * * the height of * and the age of almost * years; but according to * * * * that the * of the early * was not the same * used in the present *. According to this same * has proved that the year at the time of * * * * *, that it was * extended to eight, * in the time of * * *. * * * is said, * * * * months to the year; * the opinion of *, and, as * *, * * * why the life of man should be * * immediately after the flood.
* * * * correct, the highest * *, that of *, * * *, will be reduced to * *, * * that can hardly be called * * * of such an abundance of reports, to which * * * modern times have approached, and which * * * *, *, * * *.
* and the * * * desire for long life and the acquisition of * * * been the stimulus * and physical *, * * * we have it now. The fundamental principles of nearly * of modern science were the gradual * * * of the old * after the *" * * of life." The long hours of study * in the * for this * were of * to the * generations; and to these * of the Middle *, and even of ancient *, * * * for much in this age of *.
With a * people to work *, many of the * of the discovery of the * secret of * * must be * * * * * * for themselves. In * * * * that by the means of * he had * * * * * * * * * * * * * * with a * age. In * * * * * *. * * * * * appeared on * and had * by the score. * came the * * * the secret of the *" * * to the Court * * * that he was * years old, and a precursor of the * *" who has been * * * * * and in * a great mass of the people * *. * * * * who claimed possession of the secret * * * * *, * * * * *" He was born in * * and acquired * reputation for * * * * * of the * *" * died in * then no one has generally * * * * in this * *. * * * * * * * *, * * of his * * * * * in the land of the * * *" in the pursuit of which he had * * and life.
* wish to emphasize that we by no means assume the responsibility of the authenticity of the cases to be *, * * in their *, we shall * * * * instances of * derived from * * of the literature of all times. * * * * * include those of all * *, but as the modern references are more * * will be given to them.
* first to the history of the earlier *, * * * * * * * * to one * *; *, * * *, * man, to * * *; *, who was * * *, * * * *; *, * *, to one * *; * *, to one hundred and *. *, a man * *, which, however, * exposed to * * *, * the advanced age of one * *; and the * * * * * * * * *. * gives the following *: * * * to one hundred and *- *, * to one hundred and *; *, the wife *, * to one hundred and *, * *, * * *, to one hundred and *. * * * * * * was one hundred and * * * *, *, * * * * * *, * to one * *.
* replete with * may be the history of the * * *, * attained a remarkable age, and the record of * * is incomplete or *.
If we * from the accounts of * we must form a high idea of the great age of the *, * * *. * * * to their habit of drinking * of water.
Among the * we find * instances of great age in men of *. * * * * * *, * beyond the century *. * * * * period, the * period, and * * *. * * * divisions of life, and * *. * * * life to the four * * * is said to have lived * * * years, the last * of which he slept * * at night. *, * *, * to one * *; *, * *, * * hundred and *, * * of the *, * to one *; *, * * * *, * * *. * life of exposure, * * to one hundred and * *, * * * * * *, who was * * * *, * * *, and few of * of his system of medicine, * * * *, * * * point of age.
Among the *, *, *, *, * *, * * of the physicians, * the century *.
A valuable * relative to the duration of life in the time of the * * has been * for us * * the records of a *, * * * * *. * *. *. there were living in that part of * * between the * and the * persons who * the age of one hundred and upward. There were * *; of one hundred and *; of one * *; of one hundred and *; * from one * * to one hundred and *, * * * * *. * * there was a man of one * * and at * a woman of one hundred and * * *, * * of mortality of * * * most striking * with those of our * * *.
* * * *, * would be the natural * from their * *, many instances of * *. * * * to be *; * * was one hundred and *; * * * * * and five; * * * to one hundred and *; * * to one hundred and *; * * * hundred and *; * * * * * * * * * *, * * * * hundred and *. * * * * * * hundred, and * * * * * at one hundred and *.
* * * * are known to * * age, and one of the secrets of the * of the * * * the knowledge of the best means of * * *. * cut off by violence or * * * * * *.
Influence of Mental * of thought have at all times been distinguished for their *. Among the venerable * * * *, * * * *, who lived * * *; *, also a *, was one * *; *, * *, * * * *; * *, * *, *, *, *, * * *.
In more modern times we find men of science and literature who have attained advanced age. *, *, *, *, * were all over *. * * * * * * * * *. *, * * the circulation; * *, * * * * * * * *; *, * * *; * *, as well as his *, *, * * *. * men have * * * * *. * * * * * * * * * words of * * * * * at a * * * * *" * *, * * * *" * *; * * * with his * * *; * * * * * * * *.
*. *. * has published a * of "Modern *" which includes histories of the lives of *, *, *, *, *, and others. *, * *, has only * *. *, * * * * * * age In the * of the *, * *, *, *, *, * * * * as much * as their *. Instances of * * * could be cited in * and these few examples are only * * * a recent meeting of the Society of * *, * * that during the last year * * * * average age of * and a half *; * * * * * *, * *, * *, *.
* commenting on the perfect * of activity * *, the National * * *.
* * * * * * * * and activity * * *. *. *, *. * *, *, * * * of this * *. * *, * * * *, reached a great age in * of all his *, and the * * * * * * * *, * * was still * * * * * *, * * * * * with all the * of his *. * * * * was still in the * * * *, and would have * * * * * * arrival of *. * * * *, born at the beginning of the eleventh *, * * * when a young man, * * * to the highest * in the *, * to conduct * wars, and at the advanced age *, * * with the *, * * *. * * * * * * * * * year, and the * * * * * * at the age of * with the same * * * middle age. * * * * * * * *, and in far better * at the age of * * * * * *.
"These cases all tend to show the value and benefits to be derived from an * * brain in making a long * * * and of * to its *. The brain * * * * *, even if our bodies * * * * and in * by the *. But an * * * even the old * along to * * * * state of * and usefulness. * * can be * out with an * number of * it is sufficiently long to show * * * * * brain will do * * up the weight of old age. When * * * * * * * * * * * of his *, and the * * * * * * in the * of the * * *, * * as it there was no * for either *, *, * * short of the age of four * * *.
* * *, in short, the great * of the earth, pay the * of their power * * * * *. * * we can only find a few * * * *, and this is equally the case in modern times. In the * of the * * * *, * * * * *, * * have attained * *, *, *, * * * * * * * his death, and * * *. * the Great, * * of his * * a rare * for a king, *. * * * * the only other *.
* * who may be counted, no more than five * the age of *. Their mode of life, * * * * the minor * of the *, seems to be * * * of the *.
* * * * and other * * *, *, * *, labor in the open * short of *, * of mind, * power, and a family life are among the chief * *. For this reason we find the extraordinary * * among those people who * * * and in * * * a simple *, * * *. * *, *, *, *, * *. * * * may still maintain the age of one * * or even one hundred and *.
Possibly the most * case of * on record is that of * *. This remarkable old man was born in * and died in * * hundred and *. * the battle * * * * at which time * * years old. It was * from the * * * and other * that he had appeared in * * * forty years before his death and had had an * * *. In the office of the * * * record of a deposition in which he appears as a * * * * *. * * * * he was * * a rapid *.
* * * *, * * known as "old *" was a poor * *, born in * * * *. * * * * * years, and * * * death, at the age of one hundred and *, * *. * * * hundred and * * * * * *, and at this age * * accustomed to * * * * *, * * * * *, * * to visit the King in *. * * * * * every one, and * * * * * * * *. * * * *, * * * and change of mode of living, * * *, * occurred in less than a year. He was one * * years and nine months old, and had * * * * *. * * * body and at the * internal organs were found in a most * *. * were not even *, as is the case * * very aged. The slightest cause of death could not *, and the general * was that he * * * * * treated in *. * * said to have died in this * * * at the age of * and three. * * * by a * * * * * * *.
The author of the * * * * * * *" says that there was a * * * * * who was one hundred and * and his * * hundred and *; they had * * * * * years, and had a * at the time of * who was one hundred and *.
* *, or, as he is called by *, * *, * * born in * at a * * * * * * * for one hundred and * years in one * * at the age of one hundred and *, *, * * * it, one hundred and *. A few * his death he had * * * to wait at the * the arrival of * and to ask * *, *, * of his * *, * * * *. * * nearly all his teeth and his beard and hair * *. * accustomed to * a little * * * *, with which he * *. After each * he took * * *. * * * * * * * * to the fifth * * * * * * his death * * * * * * * age with that of others, we find that he was * older than the * *, * more than * more than *, * more than * * * more than * *.
* Instances of Great * * * * *, *, is the following *: * * * * * *, * *, * * * * *, * * * * * * * *.
* * * * died in * * hundred and *. He was called the "father of the *" * *, * he had followed the * * * *.
The Journal * *, contains the account of a * * * living in * * who was * * * years of age. The description * * * *, * * that she * of events * her age. This is possibly the * * * * in the * *, * * * died in * * at the age of one * *.
* * * * *, who died * *, *, at the age of one hundred and *. * * * * * * * of one hundred and three and another *. There has been * reported from * *, *, * * * *, where the * are carefully * kept, the death of a man * hundred and * * a modern version of *. * a man who lived to be one hundred and * * a man of one hundred and *. There was * * who reached * hundred and * * * * up to his * hundred and * * * *, even in * *. * * * age of one hundred and *.
There was a woman living in * * who was said to be one hundred and *; she had been * five times and * hundred and * * * * *. * * age of one hundred and *, * * * * * at one hundred and fifty.
There are stories of an * who lived in the * * to be two hundred and *, and there is a * *. * * * * cases of deaths * * * * * * * and 17
beyond this age. While not * for the authenticity * *, he has * given the sources of information.
* * * * history by * and Bacon was the venerable * *, * * * * * * hundred and forty years old and in full possession of all *, * and physical. There are several * * * this advanced age still to be seen. * * * * * * * *, living in *, who was * * * * as being * hundred and fifty.
There are records of * who have lived to one hundred and *, * hundred and *, * hundred and * hundred and *, and one hundred and fifty. * * * * living in * at one * * *. * is confirmed in his account of * by his * * *, * * In the * of the * *, *, is a black * * to the memory * *. *, *, who died in
1719, aged * hundred and *.
There was a * * *, born in * * * * * served as a * in the * *, * * * years of his life in * as a * * * *. He was * at one hundred and ten to a * *, * * * a long time, in his * * * * * * * * * with a young * *, as may well be *, * *. * died in * * hundred and * *. * * * * * in his * hundred and * *. * * in the * * * * and was a * at the battle *; * * * * * and rarely * * days before his death * * * *.
* *, * * inhabitant of * *, * * at the age of one hundred and * in
1845. On the * of the * * is a record of * * * * * * * at the age of * * *.
* * * * died in at the age of one hundred and *. He had seen and * * * * the battle * * *, at which the latter * when a boy * *. It seems * * * * * say that he had heard the story of an event * * two hundred and * years before * * * of an * to that *; *, in this * * *. A remarkable instance of longevity in one * * been published in the St. * * *. *, born in (five years after the * * *, * * * * * in her * * * *, * * *, * * * * *, * * * * of one * * *, *. *, * * one of them, was born in
1803, and is at the present * * and well. It will be * the above * that there are three * only to * the long period between * and that there is * living a * * * * * *, who had * * born in The last * of this remarkable * * * *, and has just * * * * *. Similar to the case of the * who had * * was that of * *, who was born in 1744
and died in His father was born in one year * death of the *, and had issue in early life. * again at * to a woman * *, * * * was the offspring * * this man * * say that he had a * * during the * * *, and that his father was a * * *.
Among the * * * * * there are reported instances of * ranging from one * * to one hundred and *. * * found in * * * * * * who were past the *, and another * * in the same * * case of longevity of one hundred and *. This man * * and always * * * *, * * * * * middle of the day. In the year of in the * * *, * * *" * *, * to his *. He was an elderly man and * of the * * * expelled from their * * this location in * * there was a * in a * * * * who was born on the * of the great * * * * * * * * much longer * * * * by an * * is not as yet *. * State of * *, *, * late as a man * * * of one hundred and *. * census of * * * *, *, * * above the level * * * consisting of about *, * *, * *, * * * hundred, and one at * * * *.
* * died in * * at the age of one hundred and *. * * the execution of * * * * * born to * * he was one *.
There are several other instances in which men have * * * in old *. * *, who died in *, * was born in * * * came to * at the age of *, and continued * * * *, when he * * * * *, * * * * *. * * * * * stated that * * * * * hundred and * *. * * * * * * * at the age of * * *, being the * * * *. * * * eggs, and he * * *. * * * * * * * of his own *. He was * * * his life, * * * * when he *. By her he had * children and at his death * * with the eighth *.
* * cases of men * * * past the age of * * * * * * Best of the * * *, * * hundred and * * a woman * * * * *. There are also records of a man * * * * who had * * by a wife of *.
* * *, the wife of * *, * * * * far from *, * * at the age of one * *. She had * * * * * * * * at one hundred and *, and had * * * * *.
A case * *, of long survival of a * *, is found in *. * * *, *, who died in * * * years old. * was noted for her *, and apparently * life in * * *, * * * hundred and * *.
* * * was born in and died in Several years before his death * * *" * * in the first *, but in the second * * * * with much grace and * * advanced to the * * * * inability to continue. It is worthy * that several instances of longevity in * * been recorded. * *, * * on the stage * * a whole *, and even made her * * * * hundred and * *. * * said to have * * * * *.
Influence of *, * have been men who have * their long lives to their * * * * * *, *, died in * * * *. He had chewed tobacco * * * *, * * * when a child; * * it to * * * * * * * *. * * * * * * died in * * * *. He was a great *, * according to * * * with his *, and was not * cause of his * health and longevity. * *, * at one hundred and * * * * * * and had a * * *.
Possession of * * was a * * * * * * when the news * * * * * * * died in *, *, * at the age of one * *. * never used *, * *, * * * * were retained * his death, which was due * *. * *, * of the * * * * * of the * * *, * at the age * hundred and *; he was always a healthy, *, * * * * days before his death. *. * * *, *, *, died in * * * *, * * possession of his *. Of interest to * is the case of *, *, when one hundred and *, related to * * * tale of the * * *, of which he * a member. * died in * * * at the age of * * *. * *, * * of the * *, died in in his * hundred and * *. * * * weeks before his death, * * * *, * * had not * *. * * * * * * *; he had never been * or used * *. * long ago there was * * *, * *, * * *. * in his * hundred and * * * * * * *, and all his * * *; * * good health, * * * * *. His third * * * * years old.
Longevity in * * said that at one time there was not a * in all * in which there was not a man * * *. * *, a small *, there were * one time * above the age of four *. * * * * to have died in * * * * * hundred and *. There was a man by the * * who died * * * * * * *. * * after the * * * * *. *, * * * *, * *, * * at one hundred and *.
There are a number of instances in which there is * * of the * or even of the body in old * * of life, as it were, is begun. A remarkable * * * * known to *, who lived * * * * * * * hundred and *. * long after * * all his *, * * * *, and at the * six months * * * *, but their * * by other * *, and Nature, *, * * * his death. All these * he had acquired and * pain, the whole * * * *, * * * *, and living in at the age of * * *, * * * * * * * * * *, but she * * * * *, *, strange to say, * * * * hundred and two. There was a woman by the name of * who died in her * hundred and fifth year, and who * * years before * * had acquired a new set of teeth.
* * * Skin" are * * instances of very * persons in whom the natural color of the hair * they had been * for years. One of them * * * * * * again at one hundred and *. * * * * a similar case in a * * * * hundred and *. * * when in her * * * * *, * * to her death at * and five * * *. There was a *. * * * age of * had a renewal of rich brown *, * * * his death at one *. There was a man *, * * hundred and five, who had * * * * * * first become * This man is * * * * *. *. * examples are mentioned in *.
It is a remarkable fact that many persons who have reached an old * have lived on the smallest diet and the most * * of the instances of * * in people of * * * all their lives * *. * * said to have * life to one hundred and five * * * * daily. In in the * * * * * * * * * who died at one * *, * * for the most part of his life having been * *. Throughout his life he had been * * *, * * water and no *.
* are some very interesting instances of successive *. * * of a * and a *, * * * *, who were * before a * * * in
1664. The * * * * hundred and the father * * * *. * * died in * * * *. His father * at one hundred and five and * at one hundred and *, making a total of * * * years for the three *, * * * * * *, * and three, * hundred and five, and one * * * *. On the * * * * * * *: *, * *, *, * Young, and * *, * * * * *" * late as in the * * there was a strong * * * * * *, of good *, who was one hundred and seven years * * * * * at one hundred and *, * * * * at one hundred and *.
Longevity in Active * * of the most remarkable * * * * *, * *, and the * influences the life of man may be * * * in the case of an old * * *, * * * * * * hundred and *. He was * * * *, * entered the *, * * *, * *, * * *, * * *, * * * in the Seven *' *, in which * * * * * and he was taken * by the *. * * years of * * * participated in 17
general *, * * *, and was * *. After his * * * *, and at last in
1790, in his * hundred and * *, he took a third * shortly before his death * * every month * * *, a distance of two * from his *. * Longevity in * may be of interest to the members of our * to learn of some instances of * *. *. *. * * *, *, has been * the list of * * men" in medicine; * * * * * * *, he was * *. * * * * *, which is a form *; he does not * *, but does * *. * is almost entirely *, milk, and *, * * the use of *, *, *, and tobacco. * * a perfect set of natural teeth and his * * * * men who live to a great *, *. * has a *" * * * a chief part in * his life. * * avoidance of *, * except when away from * he has * on a bed or even on a * for over fifty years. * * * * *, over which he * a few * *.
* * * * * * *. * * *, who is one hundred and three. It is said * * * * * * * * * among the poor. At one time * * *. He has * * * * * * his youth, although in *. His father, * *, * at the age of one hundred and *. *. *. *, * * *, *, * * * hundred and sixth *. *. * * * * * * * became a member of the * * * * the year in which * *. * * * In reference to this wonderful * the Journal of the * * *, * *.
* * *, *, * * *, *, *, * *, * * * hundred and * * * 16th, and died on the 11th of the present * time of his death * * * * * * age, the * *, * * member of * * * *, England, and the * * * *. * * does not rest * * * *. * * * of a successful and * * * * *, *, England, and there is in the * * * * *, * * * * * * *, * * *, in which is * * * of a * of the * *, under the *, * * * * * * * * * * * *' and that a * was born, * * * *, be a support to his parents, and make * * *' * * * * * * * many years ago, and it was * * by the * of the *, * * * * in their * as the * *. * * * moved to * * * * doctor had * exactly a century in the * * * * *, in the very heart of which * * *. * on his * hundred and sixth * * * * *, * * *, * *, * * *, * * *. * * * * * *.
* a few days ago, the * * * * * * * *. * * well and * well and was * * he had * for the last five years. On that day * * *, * * *, * * * *. * * * * with his *, * did not smoke. * * * * at the age of *, and had to discontinue * * * * * in his * * *. * is much the same as another, for * * * * * * * * upon his *. *. * * * * * of life, for the * * * * * slowly over *. * * * about, his * *, and the light is almost * out from the * * *" Let us think of this remarkable * waiting for * in his * *, surrounded by * * and the broad * * * fields that * so much to * when a younger *, in that * * in the * * *.
* weeks later *, who in * had been * * * in the *, *, * * * in the world."
*. * *, said to have reached the age of one hundred and forty years, died in St. * * * * *. * forty years ago, and has * been known as * *" In his * practice of medicine * * * members of his *" * claimed to treat * * * *. *. *. *. * says that his * has been traced * * * *, * that he was one hundred and * years old. * received from his * * * *, over a year * that he was born * * * It is * to the members of our *, in which the average of life is usually so low, to be able to point *. It has been aptly * * physicians in * * *; * * *" * * others they are consumed; in healing others they *.
* Instances of * was a man who died in * at the advanced age of one hundred and *, which is * * * from that *. It is * * * * * * * * * the highest place in the * * *. *, * * *, has only recently died after an active * * *. * * * is a * of an active *.
In the New * * * * is a description and a * * * * of the * * * of New * * * * * hundred and * *. * * * * * on the *" * years ago. * * * * * * * * and at * * * * was in *. The same * * says that at *, *, * at a * * an old * * * *, * * her age as one hundred and * had been a *, * asserted that once on a * * with her * she had * * *. * * Medical Record we learn that * * * * * * * several years ago at the age of * * *, leaving a daughter of *. * born in * * served as a * * *, and was taken a prisoner during the * *. After his * * * and made * * *.
* * *.
PHYSIOLOGIC AND FUNCTIONAL *.
* considering the anomalies of the secretions, it must be remembered that the ingestion of certain kinds of food and * * * drugs in medicine have a * * * *. Probably the most * all these anomalies is the class in which, by a *, metastasis of the secretions * *.
* * the older * * * contains an account of * *; * * * * * * * yellow, and * relates the history * case of * *. * describes a woman * * * * *; * * * * * * with her. * * however, that the color was due * * * rather than to a pathologic * piece of this * * was caught in the false * * * instance of * * due to staining the * the same manner. Most cases of anomalous * of this * * * traced to * * *. * * a woman who on * * * found that the water * * *, but this * traced to the * introduction of an *. In another instance there was a woman * * * * * * *; *, *, was found to be due * * that she was in the habit of using.
Among the older * who have * * modes of * of the urine is *, * * * from the * and the * * instances of * * *. *, * *, *, * * * * by the mouth. * relates the history of * * * in which * * * from the *, ears, and *; * * * * *, and the * was caused by a * *. * * instance of anomalous discharge of urine from the * * * many years ago * led to *. A case of * in which the patient * from the stomach was reported early in this * *. The patient * feel the accumulation of urine * pain in the *. * * * * * * soles of the feet, she would become *, * * of urine would soon be *. There was reported * of an * * who had convulsions and * * * of a peculiar nature and lasting *. There was not a drop of urine * during this time, * * * through the mouth of alkaline * * * * *. * * reports in a young woman * * case of * * * for more than three years; during this time if * was not drawn off with the * * * * by vomiting; for the last * * * * * * * *; when the use of the * * * * applied the * * *. * a case in which there was * of a fluid * and having the * properties of urine. * *, a cure * * * * of the * arteries and sloughing of the thyroid gland. * * is also * * *, *, *, *, * *. * * a case in which, * * syphilis and * * *, * * secretion of the urinary * from the skin.
Instances of the anomalous * of urine caused by congenital * * * * * mentioned in *. * urine is generally caused by the ingestion * * or drugs, such as * acid and the * *, *, and the * speak of * * * * * * *. * * * * * being a precursor of death, * *, *, * say it is * * * a sign of death. *, commonly known as *, is frequently seen, * results from * *. * *, the urine * as if full of milk. A case of this * seen in at the * * * *, in which the * was due to a * the bladder and the thoracic duct.
* * * of metastasis of the *, * * * * instance in which * was not * by the * * *. * * a case of * * *. * * * * by the older *. * * has written * on this subject, and its analogy is seen in the * * hemorrhages from the eyes through the *.
* * * * * of metastasis of the seminal flow, the issue being by the skin *) * *. This was * * to be the case *, in which the * * was due * * *, which could be recognized by its * is no doubt that some people have a distinct * * fact that will be considered in the section on "Human *.
* *, *, * * * instances of what they * * * * a complication of *. * * of black * in a *, * * * * * instances of dark *. * * instance of * * * * by the * * a similar * caused by * *. * the escape of * through the testicle by means of *. * is the authority * * *.
* * * instance of * bile in a woman, * * * found in her *. There was no trace of copper * found in this case. * says that the older * * of this *.
* * of the sweat * * * * *; * * * * * * *. *, * *, is an interesting * * * *. * * has been mentioned * *, * that the secretion * *; in other * * * * said the * * *. * * has been recorded. * * * * * which was of a *, * * * * * * *. * * * of the feet, * due to * * *. * * * * * * *, * * has described * in taste * *.
* * * * * the history of a case of a young * * * * * * was a black *. * to remove it by *, * * was caused. * removed by * and water at one time was sufficient * * * of water as black as if * * *. * to be physiologically analogous to *. * of the secretion on the * * followed by * of a similar substance from the bowel, *, *. The secretion was more abundant during the night, and * time in its * * * * *. A complete * * *.
* describes an * * * * *, the subject of rheumatic fever, * * had a blue * * * * * * from her legs and body, * by a * *. It was on the *, * * * * * * preceded by * * and a * *. On the abdomen and the * the neck there was a yellowish secretion. In place * there was a * * in color. * * * * * * matter or * * the color of her *, and no * * cardiac or * *.
The first * case of *, * * *, was published by * * * * In this * * * * * in various parts of *, the parts commonly affected being the *, * of the nose, * *, *, *, backs of the *, and the *, * at the *, * * *. Although the color is generally * * * has been recorded. * * * * case, and * * of a case * * in a * * of naturally * *. * * * *, * three or four days at least *, * * * * * suffered from * * * * * * *, beginning at the * the face, then spreading to the * * *. *, the upper half of the *, the temporal *, * * between the ear and * * were of * *, * * hyperemia of the *; * * said the color had been * *, * * * * * some. There was * * fat in *; there was * * of the scalp. * * and water * very little effect * it; but it was * *, the skin * * * * * * * * * treatment with * * * * much less, but the patient * * * *, * * * *; she did not * *. * * the case of a * * *, * * * *. * * * * a year and was * * * * * *. Six months before the * * had a superficial * * did not leave a distinct * the surface * * *. * * * *, * * and of a *. * * * * *, * * acting only * week. The left side * more than the right In * this case may be mentioned * by White * *, * * * * * in a man. * * * of a case of * * in a patient with * *.
* says that cases of *, yellow, and blue * have been seen, and *, *, * * * * records a case of * * * * *. * records a case in which the * *.
* occurs as a symptom in many * *, * and functional, and its presence is often difficult *. The following are recent examples: * a case of acute * in which there was * above the level of the * * * * *. * * a case of tumor of the pons * * * *, in which for months there was * *; * * * *. * describes the case of a woman * * for four years had been * * * * * * side of the face and scalp. At times * * * * an excessive flow of saliva, but she could not * if it *. There was * * of the right side of *, and for two years * * * *. * * at the time of examination. The author * * of this case, but the patient * * * history, and the symptoms seem to point with some * * * *. * * a peculiar case in * * * attacks of * preceded by * to a * * on the head. * * a case * * in a * old man which he * * * * of the cervical sympathetic.
* has published an account of a * case of chronic * * * * * * * * * years. The * * * * * * * and was * * of an infant, * * *. According to *, * * * * any other *, and after having been * by various *, * at last to fluid * *.
* relates the case of a man * *, *, after some * pains and fever, began to * * * to do so * * died from * at the end * months from the onset of the *. * * case of the same kind. * * the case of * * * in whom * * * * years. It was usually confined to the hands and * * * affected the whole body. It was absent as long * * the horizontal *, * * * * * *; it was * increased in the * *. At the * the attack the * * appetite and *, had a *, and sometimes * red papules * all over *. He had * almost every variety of treatment, but * the most good, as it had kept the disease * * *. *, * * *.
* * the history of a case of * cured by *.
Unilateral and localized * * some forms of nervous *. * * * * * * * paralysis of the *. * * a case * on one side of the face in a patient who was * * *. * describes a case of * with proportionate * *. * * * * * of the head. * * * * of the head, face, and neck. * * from the left half of the body and the * *. * * a case of * * an excess of temperature of * *. in the axilla * * *. *, *, *, * * * * * * *. * describes a case * * of the skin of the head and face, * of complete unilateral * * * recorded by the older *, *, *, * * * *. * to the hands and feet is quite common.
Instances of bloody sweat and *" have been known through the ages and are most interesting anomalies. In the * * * people who * that in their own * * at certain * * * * *, * * * *, e.g., by * * * * * * * * * * *. Some of * *, *, of the nature of *, * * * or periodic *, *, *, or possibly *. * * or deep * might have been the * of a number of these * *. There are * record in which * and other * * have caused * of blood, the expression * *" * *.
Among the older *, *, *, * * * * *. * * * of it in front * *. * * * * * *, * * * * during a * on the * * *, * a red * from his entire body and * * *. * * * * * *. * * of bloody sweat, and * * scar which * opened and * *. * * * like this, the * * usually in the location * *.
* * * * * * who in during the war * * * * * * * * *, * * * *; he became * * that he * from every portion of the body. A young * * * * to death by an order of * * * * * * * that he * * * * * *. * contains many instances of bloody * * * * * *, * * fear of * * that the * * * * *, * * * * *, * under a disorder * accompanied by an exudation of blood from every * * *. This was taken as an attempt of nature to cure * * to the theory of the *. * * a child *, as a rule, * * * *, but once, contrary to her *, * * * *, and this was soon followed by hemorrhage from the *, and skin.
There is a case also related of a woman * * who had * * * *. One day * * * * * * to release * * * * * * * * *. The following *, which was in the month *, and for * * * she had a * *, the disorder * * *, * *, * * *. * says that *, * * of Four *" * a healthy * * * * * of his sentence of death * *, * noted a similar phenomenon in a young man * * *. * may also be made to *. *, * * * that in * * * * *, "and His *, as it were, * drops of blood * down to *" * * * the case of a young woman of indolent * who in a * * * * blood. The * * * * * * * scars, and set * for the * * cases of bloody *, * * * was considered evidence of * * * of the *.
Probably the best studied * on record is that of * * * * *, *, according to Gray, occurred in * * * * when the * was at the age of * * * * * * *. The account * *: * * * * noticed that * * from one side of her chest, and this * *. On each * * * * * about one * length on the back of each * * * in color *, * a similar * surface on the * of each * of the same *, and on the upper surface of each * * * *. * under a * * * * at first * solution of * *. * * * * * * * on the * * * *. In the * * * *, * * * and one *, the flow * began, the vesicle * rupturing. The amount of * during the so called * varied, and some * it at about one and * *. * * * of a * *, * * *, about the *, of capillary *, * in the usual *, * white and red * * normal in character * *. The flow * * *. * * of the blood the patient was in a *, * * facial expression was one of absorption and *, * often to *, *, * * * * * *. The patient * * * the beginning of the * * * * * a brilliant *; * * passed before *, * * * of the * * *. * * * * * *, * * * * *, * * well as the *, * *, and the assembled *. During the * * * the skin and heart * *, although at times a * * * * the face, * with the * * expression. From * * *, when she took a *, * * * * * * * * * *, not even *, because it was said that she did * * * of it and could not retain * * *. During this time the ordinary * *.
* * * * * * *, * * * * * several years and after some * that the day * * * * * * be in a febrile condition, with * in the *, legs, and *. The veins of these * *, and subsequently * * * *, * * several days. The penis was the part most *. * * * for twenty months and * * * *, except that during the last few * * * in every *. * * * * case of * in a woman injured by a cow. * * her in the * *, * * * soon after * great quantities of blood, and * * efforts of * * * * * * * * * *, * * * * * *. There was no alteration of her *. A physician * *, * * * * *, * * changed to the skin, and every day * * * the chest, back of the thighs, *, and the extremities * *. When the blood ceased to flow from her * * * *, * *, and was confined to her * * *. * always preceded the appearance of a new * was no * change that could be noticed.
* * * * of thirteen who had * * of blood from her *, face, and the skin under the * * * * * was found about * face and * * first appeared in a single *, *, strange to * * * substance and * pieces of bone * all day. This latter * * * * * being replaced by * *. There was *, *, swelling, or *, and after * * * * * *. * * a young * * from her * * * * * * hemorrhages from * in the skin, * * in the interval.
* * * * * account of a woman who had * ovaries and a * fistula, and * * * at the proper * it was * and hemorrhage appeared on the face. * * * * * * suffered from * * * * of the *, * * * a young man * *, the sweat * * axillae and * * and very *. * * it was due to * *, * * the patient by the use of * per cent solution of * *. *, *, * had been * * *. * * a young * whom the blood * from the hand in a * * to the direction of the duct of the * refers to five cases of bloody *.
There is a record of a patient who once or twice a day was attacked with swelling of the scrotum, which at * * * red color and a * *, at which time the * * from a hundred points and flow in the * * the scrotum * * *.
* describes a boy of four * during the * stage of * * blood from the head and neck. Two months * * ceased and the boy *, * * * bloody stools.
* * is described in the * and reported by * * *. * * of bloody * * *.
* considering the anomalies of lactation we shall first * those of color and then the extraordinary places of * * * * * by the * * *. * * been observed by * * *. * * * * * *, *, * *. * * contains an account of * *. * * * * in the * and its cause ascribed to *.
It is a * fact that some * administered to * * are taken from the breast by their *, * * * mode of *, * * of the original *. The same is the case with *, and instances of * * * been seen in children who have * the toxic * * * *. There is one * * on record * a child has been * from the * of its * * had been * by a *. * * and the * * instances of milk appearing in the *, and there are numerous * * * * * * * * * * in the saliva. * * metastasis of * an abdominal * to the thigh, * * * excretion of milk from the thigh. * * * the thigh, *, * *. * * of the * * * to the *. * * of metastasis to *, and there is another case on record in which * * *. * * excretion of * the bladder and uterus. * * * * * metastasis of milk to the umbilicus, * to the back, * to a * in the foot. * * * * * * * * * * pounds of milk. * * * of a case in which the kidneys * * *.
There is the history of a woman who suffered from metastasis of milk to the stomach, and who, * * action of the * *, * * *. A peculiar instance of milk * * is that of a *. *, *, * * * * an abdominal tumor from which pounds of milk * *. * There is a * report of secretion of milk in the scrotum of a man * *. The scrotum * *, and to the * * * of a human breast, and the parts * similar to an * *. * * * to have been * * *.
Cases of lactation in the * are not *. *, *, *, *, *, * * * instances of it. * describes an * * * * * * swollen and gave * * * a description of a male * * * * * * full of a fluid, * * it to * * *; *, in the same *, * a child * * * * were so * that the * * * *. * * an interesting paper in which he * many instances of milk in the breasts of the * details a description of lactation in an infant. * * in the * * says that * takes place from the eighth to the * * * in the first week. * * * that probably * in the * could be avoided if the * * out of the breasts in the first days. * * * * * of both sexes, * from six to nine * * * * the presence of milk in the breasts. * * * in an infant, and * * have seen * * with abundant *.
* * says that he * a child * * were large and * *, * * * to the * development of the thorax. They were * as a * * *, *, with a * *, * center of which was a *. * * * in size at the beginning of the menstrual * * also present) and * * while the * * * * covered with thick hair and the external * well developed. The child * *, and with a * * to play the role of *.
* * * * * * * * * * with her * * breasts. In * * * breasts in the presence of the * * * *. * of a similar case. There is another of a young * * able to * an infant; and among the older * * accounts of young * * * lactation by * to their *. *, *, *, *, * * * * * *.
* * * describes a case in which * was present, * * * * * *. *, at the *, * * * females in whom there was *, although they had never been *. The first * * female of *, * for two years had * * discharge of milk * * * linen; and * was in a * * *, who had never been * who had, *, for several months * * of healthy *. * know that a * may secrete * in abundance. * and de * * *.
* in the aged has been * *. * * * * * * * in old *; * * * has collected some instances. * the history of an elderly woman who took charge of * the mother of which * died of puerperal infection. As * * * the child * * it to take the *, strange to say, * * * * appeared in *, * * she had a flow as * as she had ever * * * * life. The child * on this * * * and spontaneous *. * * * * * * * * though not having * * for twenty years, * * * * *.
* describes a woman in the Department * * * * * * children in Not having * milk for both, * * * * * the assistance of a *, * * * * an old * * *, * * *, * * had been * * *. * * * the breast to one of the children, and in a * an abundant flow of milk was present. For * * * the infant, and it * as well as its *, * * by their common * *, it was * * of the two.
* * of a case of * * * in a woman * *, who, in *, * the child to her *, * * * * * *' * of this kind * an abundant supply of milk, * * * * of the young *.
* * * in the breasts of a woman * *, * * * a similar instance. In the * * is an instance of a woman * * * *.
*, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, * * * * and renewed * * *. * has collected * cases in which * * induced by women who, * for some time * * * *, * for others.
* * * * may extend through several *. * * the case of a woman * * * of four children, who after each * * * * constantly in her * that it had to be drawn * * *. At the time of report the * was still * *. A similar and * case was that of * * described a woman in whom * * *; * * * *, two years after * * *. * * * * *, and after delivery * * * for a * * sign of * *. * *, * * * first child and * the other * * *. * * * * * * * * of her * up to the time that she * * again, and during the * * * the flow of milk * * *; * * * of an infant * * able to * it. The * * * * and always abundant, and during the period between * * * seven years after the birth of her * * * had never *. * * * * * * before the time of report, and since then the * * * * * of all *. It was * * as to * * it from the breast * * *.
* describes a woman * * * * * * *, and for * * * * many children, some of which were not *. Three years of this time * was a *. At the * she had a moderate * * secretion of milk * * *.
* regard to * * *, * * * as having seen a young woman * * from whom was taken * * * day, which is possibly one of the most extreme * * * on record.
* refers to * * *; * * he has * men with * * which were as well developed as * a woman, and * * recognized the fact * * *. * * * it in *. *, *, *, *, *, *, * *, *, *, *, * * * discuss the anomalous presence of * the male breast. * says that this condition is found * out of *.
* *, * * *, * * the first * * of this subject, and a little * * * article in the * *. Since then * have been made on this subject, and * * has published a most * * * *.
* describes an old man who * a child, and * discusses the case of a * man who was said to *. It is said that a * * *, * * * to an old * * *, * * * * of his *, which were larger than the * * seen in a woman. * * of a male breast * which he *, * * gives the photograph of * * * * cm. in * at the * * like those of a * *.
In some instances * families with * * are seen. * * * instances of * * *. * * of a * who had a * on each breast and his * * had the *; it was not * in the *. * * * * * to his * *. * a man with three *, * on the left side, * * beneath the others. He had three sons with * on the right side and two * with the same * the left side. * * a case of * * * * * * *, * *, and a * * *. * * * * *. * * *. from the nipple to the base of *; * * * * * in all *. * and the other * * normal, but the * * * voice and absence of facial *. There was an * subcutaneous fat and a rather * *.
* said that he * * * in the person of a * * * since the age of * * in his *, accompanied with secretion of * * * for a period of six weeks and * *. * * * * that the * * who have * * * *" * * * * * *" * * * * * cases of *, in which * * * decreased in proportion to the size * breast and the * * *. *, * *, * of a * who had a *, and also * * * a case in a little * who had * pair of * much wider than the ordinary *. * * *, * * * of thirteen * * * well developed like that of a woman, and * * * by a large *. * said that this * * * larger than the other, but since * * * * * * * well formed. * * * * *, * to the * * * * * * * *, in size and *, had the * * well developed * of a * *. * * and had a large, * *; * *, * of the same size as that on the left *. * * that he * observed the breast to enlarge * * a half *; * that time it had * *, * was no * at any time from the nipple; * * * * well and fully developed. * * * * * * except when in * * * * * contact with the *.
* of St. * * * into three *.
That in which the male * organs are normal;
In which they are *.
In which the * * *, the breast being a mass of fat or a new growth.
The same * * * * * * case) in a young man * * with a deep voice, * *, * well developed, and who * with his *. * * * * * began to enlarge, * * he attributed to the pressure of a *. * * * * *, but there was no *. * * * *. * has collected * *.
Instances of Men * * instances of * are particularly interesting when the * ability to * *. * refers to a man * * * * with his * * * * *. There is an instance of a * *, * * *, * * * to his own * * * *, * * or four days * able to * *. * * * * * * * *, * * * * * after delivery, * the child with his *, * * soon after the application to the breast; * months the child * no other *. * * to the Polar *" * * * instance of an * who, on * * * * *, had put * to his breast and * * * * * * * * enough to eventually produce * * * * *. The left breast, with which he *, * * * *. According to * * * * in the * * asserted that there was * * * * women had small and * * * * * * * entirely to the * * to his class in * * * * * * * all his *' *. * * * * * says that the * * * * the chest, and that the external * * * *. * * * * cases of men *, * * has described a * *, * of the engorgement of the *, it was * * every other day of the year.
* * the case of a * who in order to * * * * put it to his breast, and who * a full supply of milk. * * * * instance of * * his own children, and * * * * * * * * in one breast. * * * * * * * instances of *.
* * as it may seem, * * as well as each species is in life * with an * * *, due to its exhaled breath, * *, * * * * *. * * * * * in different *, although more developed in *, is by no means unknown in * *. * * instance of a young man who, like a dog, * * * * *, and who * * * * * * from other persons. * * * * * * *, * inhabitant of *, who had an extreme * * *. * * was to her *; * she could not * * of certain individuals. She could * in a * * * * *. * * could not * * * * any one * * made, and for this * * *, * her own * and her *. * * * * this peculiar * * consultation with several of the physicians * * * * * to the *. * * * * of a * * * * that he was * * * * of females by the sense of * *. * * known that some * * with their large, * not only * * * but also * * * * *.
* * individuals are said to have * * * *, * history is full of such * are told * * * * the Great * * * to that of * *, and his * * of this * *. It is said that * * * * to this. On the contrary, there are * * of who * * * *. * * * was an example of the class of people whose * *. * * inserted in the * * * * * *, * years of age, of * *, * * * * * * * * * * as to rapidly * * * in which * to be. * was once * by a * * * keep a place in consequence of the * * * * in the * in which he *.
* * * * saying that when the * * * * * at the * * * to come * in order to * * * * *. It was said that * * *, * he had * * * * *, including a fast * * * *, * a most sensible and * *. * the peculiar * of the * * * * * * * and, in a measure, to * * * system. It may be added that these * * * *, *, *, * *. In more * * * * * said to diffuse from their * * * * *. * * *" * * *, are more * * * *.
* * * *, *, *, *, *, *, * *, * *, and the * the difference in the * *, * * * *. * * have a * *, caused by the * acid of the *, * * * * * *. After being * * of the * become less *. * when they * * * * which are similar to those * when in *. * * * * symptoms of * * * fever" and are more * * * of a * *. They are said to be caused by * of spermatic fluid into the circulation and * * by the skin. This peculiar *, is not seen in *, in whom * * * be distinguished by an * somewhat similar to that *. * * produces an * similar to that of dry * there have been persons who * that they could * the age of individuals by the sense of *.
* * and races of people have characteristic *. * have a * * *, * * * * * it is due to a * * * * * * follicles. The * * * * * of their * * * *, and it is said that *, who live * with their *, and who * *, * leave the atmosphere * * several hours after their * in numbers * *. The lower * * * are distinguished by * * *, which may be noticed in the * * * *. Some people, such as the low grade of *, *, not distinctive, and * due to the * * *. Food and drink, as have been mentioned, * * * of an individual, and those * to a special * * * have a particular *.
* * * * makes the statement that for * hours after * there is a peculiar * * * *, owing to a peculiar secretion of the buccal * says that this * is most * in men of *, and can be discerned at a distance of from four * *. * * * that this fact would be of * value in the early arrest of those charged with * * * * * of the * * * to the * * * has been mentioned. * * states that after * * * * *.
* * are said to have a * influence on the * of an individual. *, * * *, * a young * * * * * *, * * * * *, *, * * *. * * * * *, without any possibility of *, * * * * * from the commissures of her *.
* * of a woman * * care at the * * * * affected with chronic *, * some time * * * a very * * * *. * * * * several days, * was thought to be due to a * * * * into the * * * * * *. *, *, * * * that she had no * * * * and that * * had been *. * * * * in this case was very * * arms and other portions of the body, but did not become * * *. * * for about * * * * and nearly * before the * * * a similar *.
* states that persons of red hair and * * have a * *; * * * * * * to come from * *, * * * * * *. * * frequently have * *.
The disorders of the nervous system are said to be associated with * *. * * * * of the sweat * * that of * * * mice, and * * * absence of this symptom * * * to tell * * * or not. * * that in the * further evidence he would not * * * * * if he * * * * *. * * and others are credited with asserting that they * * * *. * * * observed that * of nerves the corresponding * * * * * * *. * refers to three * * * in which specific * were the results of * * nervous system. One of these cases was a young woman * * * * * * * *, * * *. * * was given off the left * * * * and could be obtained * * * * on a *, * it with four * *, * * the remaining *. * of the * * * modified in degree * *. * * * of a young * * * * * * had an * * *; * * * * * * * *. * * * * a young woman who, * * * * *, * * * * * * *.
* met a case of disordered innervation in a * * *, the upper half of * * * subject to * * that despite all * he had * * * *.
* lethargy and * * * very often has a * *, which has probably * led to * diagnosis of death. * and de * * * having a * * during their entire *.
* * * * evidence of * by their * upon the *. It has been * that the * individuals who have * * a prolonged * for some hours of the * of the *. * * *, *, *, *, *, *, * * *. There is an instance of a young * * * who had * * * * * when the * * *.
* * * was a victim of *; proximity to * * * to his * * *, * * * * * like that of *. * says that when *, * * *, * * * * * * * * * and her person with the * * * of her country in order that she might be spared * * of her *. * persons are afflicted * * * of the feet which often takes a *. * * * * * * * * like that of the genitals of either sex.
* *, * of the * * * * * similar to that of * * *, * * * *, according to the *, * * * * *.
* * * various diseases have their own * *. The "hospital *" * well known, is * in character and * due to an aggregation * *. * * * women and * * * * *, * * * * * by the presence of * * *.
*, *, and even * * * *) have their own *. * *, confirmed by *, say that * * * * * * * * *. * there is a marked * * *. The sweat * * bears the * of the *. * calls the * * that of the blood, and * says that it * even before death. * has a * *, * * diseases have at different times been described * * *, * * * * *; *, * * * from the *; * *, * * * mold; and *, a decidedly *.
The hair * * *, differing in individuals. The hair of the * is known to have the * * *, which cannot * * by the strongest of chemicals. Often the * of a female is really due to the * of great * *. It is said that * simply by the sense of * * * * has been * from the living head or *, as hair loses its * when it falls out. In * * * the hair sometimes has a * of ozone. * * * to the scalp * * that of * *.
* Influence of * * * it may be mentioned that there is a peculiar form of sexual * * * *" in which the subject * * * for the * * *, *, and other * * * * by the *. * * that these * play the part of *" in early *. It is said that the * * * * to the * in the Middle * were not only * * * *, * * * as well. * * *" * calls attention to * * * by the * * *, and tells * * * * functions by living in an * with these *. In the * * * * * * * * *, in accordance with the * in the * effect of *.
* * * interesting cases in which the connection between the olfactory * * * * *.
"The case of * * shows that contact with a * * may be the * cause of * *. * * * of the King * * * * * * * * * face with a * * * * * * * with her *. * * was the * * * * *, * * * * * for her that he could not * it, and, as *, made her * *. An analogous * is related * *, * * for the * * is said * * at the * *, at a *, * * * * * *.
* * says that "one * from reading the work of * * *) * attempts to attract a person * * * by means of the * may be discerned * forms in * *. In reference to this a * * which holds among the * of the * when they become *. When it becomes necessary * * * to separate * * * * *, by means of which each * * * * objects are carefully *, covered with *, *.
* love of * * * * *, as well as * women of the higher classes, is quite marked. * a case of a man * * in whom absence of * * was associated with * development of *; it is also well known that * * * associated with * of an * *.
* has recently collected a number of observations of *, in which he * individuals who have taken * from the * * *, *, *, * *, and other objects of the *. * * * * who have * * * of the blood and * from the bodies of women, * instances of * of persons who have been arrested * * * * * * the long * from young * are also on record instances of * *, * * * inversion of the * *, *, it is not in the * of this work to discuss.
* animals the influence of the olfactory * on the * * is unmistakable. According to * *, * that animals of * sexes are drawn to each other * of olfactory *, and that almost all animals * time of * * a very strong * from their * is said that the dog * * in this way to the * * *. An experiment * * * *. * the olfactory nerves of *, and found that * * the male * unable to distinguish the female. *, such as the *, *, * *, * on their sexual organs that secrete * * * * *. *, * * possessing the * * and used in *, is obtained from * follicles of the * * *; * *, * * *, is obtained from the * * * *. * * *) carried in * * * * * * * * * * * of males of the same species.
* is excessive * *, also called * *. * sometimes present in healthy people, it is most often * * and the *, and is a symptom of diabetes * * a boy * * *, * * * *, * * * * * to the extent of * * *. * * *, but his * * * * * that if not * he would * * * his own *. *, * * * * * * early part of the last *, * of a boy ten years * * was enormous. * consumed in one * * food and drink. * urine and * * * * *, the excess * *. * * * * on what *, and was * in the market. The boy * * * for a year, and at last * * * * * * * * *, * *, * * * leg of * at a meal, * * at this * * * * *. He would * * and other * *. At times he would * * as large as * of a *, and then for a short period the * *.
* * a case of * in a man who * large quantities of * *. There is an * on record of a * * * in which * pounds of solid and * * taken into the body in * days and again * * * effected by * * * * repeated in small quantities. * * * * *. * Hospital in * in the early part of * who was * * * * * *. * * * * *, * pounds of * addition to large quantities of *, *, *, *. * describes a boy * * * * * * out of the *, and who had * * each day. One year * * * * * * * * * * * and was * * * *. * * * *, * * * * *.
* is an abnormal *; it may be seen in persons otherwise normal, or it may be associated with * * * or diabetes insipidus. * * * * *, in which an individual * * * * liters of urine daily and * * of water. * * * * * * * * * one day, in his *, * * * * * its contents at once. * * an infant of three who had * * * * * nearly two * of water. At the age * * * * *, unaware of her *, * that his * did not suffice to keep her in *, and he was compelled to * * * * for her. * * * a day, the price * *; water in * * * and had to be bought. * * * *. At the age of * * * before a * * * in their presence * of water in * * * * * of almost * *. * that he has had patients in his own * * * * *. * * * * history of * * * * liter of * * * in two *, * * the same * *. * stated that he * from the effects of alcohol; on several occasions on a * * liters of *, * * * * * * nervous system.
There is an instance of a man * * who could not * through the * without a * of water, * * * * *. * * reported a young man who * was a *, * at that time * * * * *. He was *, *, * health, and was not * * *. * * * * * * * * * *. * * * * * water by his * at night, but this * *. He had * * * * * * * * with the water. * * * * * * *, and in he was still * * amount; and at this time he had * * * a young man * * * * * * * *. He was * * *, and if he * * *, sick, and *. Throughout a long life * * *, * * * * at one *; * * *. There are three cases of * * * * * * describes a boy * * * * who would * * * * * * distended and then * *. * * followed by * for more *. *, he would * from his * * * for the *; * in this, * * to the * * *, *, and any other * * could find. * * a mass of * which he had not *, a fact * later by * of the whole * is a case on record a in which there was * * *, lasting for a year. There was * * during the *.
The amount of water * * * in a day is almost *. * has made observations in the * * *, * estimates that in the * * * each day * * * * * * * * addition to this many are * to the use of * * * * hours and at *. * * * never seem to be * increased. When * * * do not * more than three or four * * * a man * what is termed * * * is, the * *, * * * *, has to be carried out, and is * * * process is restored by * * * is little * * * in these men; in * are rarely *.
* is a lack of * or absence of the normal desire for water. In some of these cases there is a central * * for the symptoms. *, * other cases, * * in a patient who was * dull and *, *, * * * * * after the least *. *, will be mentioned under *.
* * are of great variety and present many * as well as * examples of anomalies. In * * * of people * so that an article * * * * * would be held as a * * *. * * * * as a *, and what * * * *" * * * named the * * *" * inhabitants of * * * * * * with as much * as we would a delicate *, * * * the mere * of which * * *. * nations of the lower grade, *, *, *, * * *. * inhabitants of the interior of * said to * * * * * * * * * * very earliest accounts of the * * * * * that "for *, * * roots, and that they * *' *, *, *, *, *, *, *, * * *, and many other *" *, in his * * *" * * * * * * * *, * * * *. It is said that a * * * * * to a fresh one; and there are * * * * *.
* * that the * of human * has often been a * *, and describes the * of the * * *, in which the participants * * of their *; * * * to the * of the *, * * * * origin which did not disappear in * until the time * *. It is still a practice in some parts of * * to give * * * for certain * is said that the * of the * * * * was at * * * that it was collected and * * *.
* * habit of eating * * * * * *, * * * examples in *, * young women, pregnant women, children who have * * *, * *, * * * * * among men and women with abnormal *. * * * * consider a * made from the * * * * * * * *, * according to *, as a means of imparting a *, * * * * * * * with the * * *. * * that the * * * * *, * * * * with thousands *, * says that they * * *' * *, in his * *" describes a *" * * * * the contents of * * *. Some authors have said that within the last * * * * * and the * of wild * of their * * *, and whether * *. In a * letter to * *, * * * * reports that while among the * * * * * * * * * of a * with their * * * instances in which human * * * * * *. * * * * * * prove the * use of * in food by the *. Pages of such * are to be found in the * *, and for further * the reader is referred * on this subject, of which prominent in * * that of *. * Probably the most * of all the * * is that for human *. This is called * * *, * * * * among some of the * * *. * is often * more in the * * * * * desire for *. Prisoners of war * * * * *, and among some * *. In their * * * * * remains of the human * * * to their *. At other times * has been *. In a * * *, * * by the *, * * debris of animals, as well as *, was used as food, and finally the human * *; * * * * * *, so great * *. In many *, *, *, * * * as a last * * sustaining life. When * * * * * * have had to * * * bodies of their *. In the * * * * is a * by this * * in which * * * a woman * * * * * has actually * * child with a * * * * * * * it is related that, * * * father and mother * up the * * body of * * * it. At the * * * * * * * * * for the *. * * * of what occurred at the * * * * * of her * child and died of * under this *.
*. * states that he * * in the * * * * * * * * * *, and who had * all around."
*, according to a prominent * * *, has been * made a special study by the * * * *, *. Data on the subject have been gathered from * of the world, which are particularly interesting * * * pointing to the conclusion that this * is far more * * * *. * * * * in the * of the * * * * * * all other *, the most peculiar form of *, is found in * * * * *, where there are * follow a life in all important * like that of *. These people eat the * blood of their * blood is * * * *, and in the course of * * *, * *. * * * * * * * of the *, and when a person * to treat * * * * * are broken and the contents *.
"The black * * * are all * *. *. * *, * * *, * many months * them in the * of the interior. He was * * *, who are extremely *. * * *, and living in nearly every * * * *, * * * thing as *, and have no * that can * * *. * fear of the * * them from * *, and more than * he had * *. One of the first of them * * * * like a * than a man. * * *' * * * * * * * *, as if the sight of * * * *' * * * * with much * * * because of his success in * * * *. * * say that the white * * * * * *. * * * * as good * * * * *, * * * * *.
"The most * development of * among the * * is the * * * *. * * * * follows an elaborate *, * * * lowering of the corpse into the grave. In the grave * * not related to the deceased, * proceeds to cut off the * to the muscles of the face, *, arms, and * * * * to be * by some of the *. * those who have * of the * have a * * * * and fat * around the mouth. The * which the * * of their * * * *. The mother * of her children and the children * *. A man * of his * * and of * *. *' *, *' *, *, *' parents, and *' children are * by those to whom the deceased * * * *. But the father does not * of his children, * * of their *.
"The New *, up to very * times, were probably the most * * * * *. As many as * have been * * them at one time after * *, * * * * * * * the individual * had been a * * * * head as a * and made * of his * *.
"Among the * * * * fat is commonly employed for a variety of purposes. The * * * * out in the * * * * * * the light of a little * * * *, * * with some * * * * *. * * of this *, * *, could not * * * * * against the *. * * account the * are the most * * *. * as they are by a number of * * * * themselves, and who, * inferior to them *, are held in *, they carry * * * * * which result in the acquisition of a * * * *, * *. * bodies of all * * * * are distributed on the field among the * are prepared by * * *. * * * * * them, and these are reserved for * a later time. During * * at the Court * it was generally understood that nearly every day * * * * to supply a meal for the * *. * past the * * in the * * * * * for the purpose of * * * *. * * * * * in great * *, and are * * *.
* * of the Upper *, who are exceedingly *, have been accused of *. It is they * * * in such a remarkable *. When one of * has killed * * * * off the head with his *, removes the brain, * the head in a * * * bones of the skull, and * the remaining * * * * * of it. At the same time care is * preserve all the features and the hair *. * * process with the * * many times the head * * to that of a small *, * * * * *, so that the effect produced is very * *. *, the head is * with brilliant * the lips * * together with a string, by which * * * from the * of the *.
* * * * the ancient * * *, * according to * * * in the * * * * * *. * * * * * * with their own blood, * *. * says that the * * the blood * * * * * *.
* * * * has given * * *. It is said that in the Island of * there was * by way of * * * in which a man * * * limb, and * tells us that the * had an * in which they * a living * with their * * that among the * * of many of * * * *, at the * of one of * * on the northwest * * * *, * * a small * and began to * * *, * * * * * *. * * of these *, * * *, says that members of the * * * * * scars produced *, and at certain * * * *, * being the * of the * * * * * out of the arms, *, or breast of a man.
* cause of *, and the one * * discussion here, is * * * * * * for human * * * * * * * * as to lead to * *. * of this * are on record. * * * * * * by the name of *, in the * * *, * * * * for human *. He was * *, and for * * * * * * *. * * * * * *, * * * manner and his * and gross *. In
1771, at the age of *, * met a young * * *, * * * * * * *; * *, and subsequently * *, in which * * * by a * with a * which he used. To * * * the body to the *, * * up, and * * * *. * * *, *, * * * *, he developed a further * for human *, * * detected in eating a child which he had * * * * *. * * * * * *.
* * says that a * * and his wife and children * * to death on proof that they * * * *. * * * of one of the * * * * *; but at * * * * * of the same * * her father and * *. * * had been * up in * * * * * *. * * of an *, * by an * * * * * * * persons; and his *, * * * *, * to the same *.
* * there was an individual who had a * * * * * * *. He would * * * eat the * remains of the * *, * *. * * * in a * *, * * * * for future *. * * * * of his * * * it had * * * * the greatest * * * * * * *; but he did not possess the * to kill *.
* * the case of a woman * * * * children to her * in order that she might *, salt, and *. * there is the record of a boy * *, who had * * * * * * * he was discovered. * * * * * * woman who * * * * eat the shoulder * * that she * *, * * body, and * * *.
There is a record of a woman who in *, was discovered in * * * leg of her little *. * in 1827
reported the * case of * * * *, * * age of * * about a * * * * an attack of *. * across a * * * * *, and then * * *, * * * *, * of it, and * the blood. * * * * * * *. * * * * * * between the brain * * *. * * a similar instance in * * * * * * * a young *, * * * * *. At the trial * * * * that the inner * that led * to his * * *.
A modern example of * * * is that of *, who was examined by *, *, and others, * to be * *; he was *. * * * with the forearm of a * * in his * in his * were found the head and * in a *. Parts of the body were found in the *, * * * *; he was *, * * * *, * * * was an accident. * * * in his *. * * the case of *, * * *, * * a child into a *, and after a * to his *, * * * an entry in his * * a young *; it was * * *" The child *, * for, and found * into pieces. Many parts, * * the genitals, could not be found. * did not * * trace of *, and gave * explanation of * * * of his * *; he was *.
* * of persons who went into * * * to dispute * * for the most *. It is also mentioned that patients in hospitals * detected in * the blood of patients *, and in other instances * * * the blood of the * *. * * * * of a * * * * * * * *. * * * * * from a recent *.
* Examples of * * * of a * * * at the * * * * * who was * *. He had * the body of a * that had * disease at the *. * ate with * * * things to * * * *. * * signs of a * * by classifying the animals * * according to the form of their *, * * had a collection. * died of * following a meal * pounds of hot *.
* saw the * *, who died * *, at about * years of age. At * * * *. * * quarter of * * * *. He was * * * * *. * * * * * * and would * * the largest. In the presence * * * a live * with his *, * * its blood, and * *, leaving the bare * *. * thirty minutes * rejected the * in the manner of * * * * *. * * * dogs in the *. On one occasion it was said that he * * * * * it; but he had * * off its *. * almost instantly * * that had been prepared * * * * * the accompanying water and * * * of salt at the same time. After * * * * * * that it * * *. He was * *, * * in a * *, * * * * * * * in plain white paper. * * the next day with the paper *. * * * * * * pounds of * liver and lungs. * * * * *. * * * * * * * * for the *. * * * * * hospital and * the dead from the *. * * of eating a child * * *, but no * be produced of this. He was of middle height and was * * *. * died of a purulent *, * * and peritoneum being in a * *.
* * * * of six * * a marked * * * * *, *, *, *, * *. * * had been carefully * up and was one of
13 children, none of whom * * * * *. The child * of good * and slightly * normal mental standard for her age. At the age of * * * *.
In the older * * * instances of abnormal * are seen. * * of individuals * *, *, and toads. * * * *, * * * *. * * * * persons who * * * *. * * *, *, * * * instances of * * acquired a taste * * animals and * * * them with *. * * * to have * * * *. * * * * have seen persons who * * *.
* habit of * * * *, * *, is well * in many countries. The * * * *; * * of the * who eat *' * * * as does also a *. *, * should be called *; it is * * * * * *, among the low classes, and * in the * and poorest classes of some portions of * United States. It has also been reported from *, *, and is said to have been seen in * *. * * * is still seen in some * *.
There were a number of people in the * * * * who had formed the habit of eating * * * *. * formed the * * * * * * eating. A number of such cases are on record. * There is on record the account of a man living in * * with much * * * * * *, * * an entire *. * * *, *, *, *, and was * * * * *. * * * in this manner and then he became *; * * *. * * was very *, but the liver * * abdominal viscera. * * was very large and * the intestines * very narrow.
* had a patient who was * * *; * * * * * * * irritation. In the * of the * he had used * * * *; * * * * * good health. * contains a similar instance, and * * *. * * a child of three who had * * * * *. * baby was * * * *. It would pick * * * out of the * * * * * *. When deprived of the * * * * * until this * was given to it * the time of report part of the routine duties of the * * boy was to supply * * * containing a *. * * *, but he * * * * * form of food that it had to be replaced in his * suffered from *; * * up in the * * *, * * * for a piece of *. * * * * * was about *. * * never been *.
* * has been * stated that the * * * are in the habit of taking from two to five * * * * for the purpose of improving the * infection, and raising the whole tone of the body. It * * fact that the * * * * sufficient to produce * * *. * * might be easily * of those * * * *, a subject that will be considered later. * during pregnancy have been discussed on pages *.
*, *, * *, * * * *, and not individuals with *, will be considered in * *.
* length of time which a person can live with complete * from food is quite variable. * the possibility of * more than * * * * *; * * and others * a much longer time, * the ancient and modern * of medicine are * examples of * to almost * lengths of *, and particularly in the Middle * * * was at its highest *, * * * by a * to do * and to gain the * *.
In many * * has become a part of * * * *, and from the earliest * * * * * * * *. It is well known that * * * * * of the * * * * * amount of food, and from the earliest * * * * * we find instances of prolonged * * * *. * *, * * *, and other * nations, and also the * *, as well as * *, had their times of *, * of these were * *.
At the present * * * accounts for but few of our * instances of *, most of them * * * form of nervous *, varying from * * * * *. The ability seen in the * to live on the * * and to resist * * have its * in some of the fasting * * * day. In the older * * * * said to * nourished by * * *; * according to * * both of * * from food and of * * * signs of * *. *, * * * on the subject of * *" * that some of the * detail the exact * * and without hesitation * them to a *. For instance, * * of a young * in the * * who had * * * * * * and had * in her * as if a * * * * * * * * into the * * * * the characteristic * * in the throat," * * of nervous *.
*, * * anorexia, is * associated with numerous diseases, particularly of the * *; but in * these the patient is maintained by the use of * * by other means, and the * is never complete.
A peculiar type of anorexia is that striking and * * * * * * * * * * * *. In this * there is * of the appetite that in some cases it * * * * *. Out of it grows * * * which results at last, and in its * forms, in * * approach of food, and this in its * gives rise to some * * cases of survival for long periods without * * * * there may be an extreme degree of *, so that the patients * * * * * *, * * a fatal case in a * *, * *, * * *, nothing more * is to * in medical practice than an advanced case of this * * * * * extreme, and the patient is * as one with carcinoma of the esophagus, * * * taken at all or only * * *.
* * * * * *, of healthy, * *, who in the beginning of *, without apparent * a great * * food and * * * * * but a half * * * * *. * * * *, when she * * *; * * * * * *, * * was the object of * *. At this time * * * * * * * * *, * * * *, * *, and her * * * She had a persistent * * * all the time, * * * * * of the * *.
There is another class of * from food * in the * * * * * or for * * ability to * *, and sometimes *, * *. Some have been * *, * by means of * carried on * *; others have been * * *.
* * * *. is said to have lived * days by simply * * * * *. * that most of those who * * * * * within that period, and even if they were * * * and drink before the termination of their * * *. There is a possibility that some of these cases * were instances of pyloric carcinoma or of stenosis * *. In the older * there are instances * which the period of * has varied from a short time * beyond the * * *. * * * from food * * days, and there is * case of * * * days in a * * solely on water and tobacco. * * * * * months, and * * * * * * *. * * an old man * * * * weeks on * *. There is an instance of * living in a * * * * * * * * of a man who * * *' * * * * * * * *; *, * * in death); * *, * * * *; *, * *; *, * *, six months; *, two months; the * *; *, * * (resulting in * * there was * * instance of * * *. * * says that * * died in the * * * * after a * * * * *.
* * a number of examples of long *, but most * was that of a * * *, * * * *, * published a history of the case in * of the * *. * * is said to * * * years, from * * *, * any kind of *. In the * *" * * of a paper * offered to the * Society by *, containing a * * * * by the * *' * of a woman * *, * * * *. * gives a great variety * * of prolonged *. * refers to * * * history of the maiden * *" * *. In the Annual *, *. *, is an * * persons who were * * weeks in the *; and in * *, * is the history of a * who is said * * * four years on water. In * * buried in a * * *, a half * * *, * * * * * *, * * *. An analysis of the water * * * * an almost total absence of * and only a slight residue of calcium salts. * * * * * days in the * * *, * overcome by the * * on the way to her *; * * * *. *, physician to the King * * * account of three women of *, *, * * from the * of a stable where they had been * * * * *, * * * * * * * * buried in this * these three *, together with a child of two, * in a stable over which the * * * * * in a * * broad and * by a *. * * position was with their * to the * * * to their *. * * * *, *, there were * * * by, and within * *, sufficient to feed them for a short time. By * * * * * had a *, * * about two * * which they * for a time. They * * * * * * by the * of their hands. * * greatly increased by the *, * *, * * *; * * * *. * * * out their * * unable to * * * * * at first * * *.
* * * *, * * * * from her *, * * *, * * * * *. * was soon overwhelmed by an * * * *. * * * * * * * day and that of * *, * * * * *. * was discovered on the 10th * *, * suffering from * gangrene of the *, *. * says that at a * * * for its *, there were * * *, * and the other *; the former * * * * * * * * *. * * * * the days by a light * through a small opening. * * * * * under the * in a * * *, * * * * * until they * made a hole in it. * * * * * * * * * * * * *.
* * gives the history of * * * *, *, * going through a * * * *, on the 18th *, * * * by a * *. * * * and he * * *. * * *, and his * * * that the power of * * * * * and that of the arms * *. For a long time he was unable to * * * *. Early in * * heard some * * * and, having managed to * them in a * * * * *. * * * to be an * * *. On the * of the same * * * * came to * and removed * * * *. * * * * exposure in the * he had nothing to *; * at first, * * * and yielded * * * * * * * * * of water * * during the * of the day, but the * * * at night. * * * * * of eating *. * * * * * * * *, in which they stated that this man * * * * * * * * *, * a month * * stroke, in an extremely * condition, with * * * * as well as *. * * * spots on his legs and one * * *. * time they * * *. The power in the * * *.
* * * * in the *, * * * * * * * * * * * *, and who lived two months * * * *, * * * without any * * * *. * * * * and water for a *, at the rate * pounds per week, and maintained * * * * * * * * * * * who lived * * *. * * * had a patient who lived ten years on * * * *, * * * * * a half dozen * *, but not * *. Once in long intervals * a little *.
* describes a younger daughter of * * * * who lived * * *, and could not * * taste of it, as often as she * * in her * * *. * * * * * * *) * * *, * * * *, *, * *. In 1806
one of them at the age of one hundred and * * *.
Sometimes in the older * we find records of * *. * * of a man * *, * * * *, * * * *, * * * * *. * * * * of a * * * * years. According to * * forty years on * *. This same author * * cases of * * *, * * years and * * as an authority * * instances of * *.
*, * * * * *, * * * * a woman * * who lived one and * * * * *. * * * * * by the name of * *, * years of age, * for two years. * * * * * that she * three years without * * *. * * * * *, * began to * * * * * * * * *, * * * * * to the *. *. *, * * * * and partially * * * * fifty years. * Medical and Surgical *, which contains a * the foregoing *, * describes the case of * * * for four years, * * signs of * * * of a case mentioned in a letter to * *, * *. *. *, of a man who, * * benefit from a * treatment for *, * * * to death. * * * from food * *, * * water and * *, * * * *; at the * of this time * *. * * * of a * young woman * *, * upon the * a most * * * * * * *, * * * * *, * * * * * * *.
There is an account of a * *, * * * *, who had a * * food and * * * * * and drink * * *. *, * * * of the *, put a close * * * * * to the * of the fast. * * * * * account of the * * which time a * * * * * * * * *. The edge of a * * on her * * * *, the dust and * * stopping the hemorrhage. * * * and the wound * without medical * * making a complete recovery. There is an * * a document in the * of a man living in * * * * * *, * * for two years. * * *, a medical student * *, * * * * * * * * * of water. For the first * * * about, and was * to the day of his death.
* has proved many of the reports of * *" to have been *. The case of * * * *, * * to have taken * * * * *, *. * says that * * * * by her * * *; * * * * * * * * * *, *, * * * *. * * * to her mother by means of *. One of the *" * *, * * ten years old, * * * * that after being * by the * * *, *. *, * was considered free from *, * * *, * *, *, * * * * of her age, * * that she * * * *. In several other cases * * to discover * *. As we * * * the detection is more frequent. * *, * * * * * * * among the *, * * * * * * and after * * * * * * * * * * *. * postmortem examination of * * * * *, who died * * * * * * * of two years, * months, and * * * * changes. The serous * * * and thickened, and the canal of the * * totally obliterated. The mucous membranes were all * *, * * the appearance of * *.
* * * to modern *, we have cases of * * * * * *. * describes a man * *, * *, * * * for four months, * * * *. * * a case, happening in
1848, of a man * * * * * * *. * reason for *, which it was * *, was that he had no gastric juice and that it * * * * to take * *, * he had no * * *. * * * * until the day of his * * an interesting account of the changes * * *. There is an account of a * * * * * * as a means of * * * * * * * he had * * *. He had * * * * *, and during * * he was * * *.
* describes a * * * *, always a moderate *, who was attacked by *, during which * * * *. Two days after * *, without any known * * * food and continued to do so for *, when she *. * * * throughout this * * * seven or * *. As a rule, * * * * of water each day and her * * * * of the consistency of her *. There is a * of a * * * *, * * * * * engorgement of the abdomen and suppression of * * *, * for four months without * in weight. * * the history of a woman * * * for three months and made * *.
* describes the "Market * *" * * of nineteen, * * from food * *, *, * * * *. * * she had * convulsions, and * no urine * * * * * * *. There was a * * * * * for two years * * *, * *. * * * were almost * * * * three times a week. * * *, and at * * * * * * * * * the appearance of *. * *, the distention * * was found to be due to a coating of fat, * *, in the *. There was no obstruction to * canal and no * or other * * * *, * * * *, * * * * * * * *. * * * * *, but occasionally asked the time of *. * * and water, with * * at intervals, and occasionally * piece of *. * * * * * * to her * for a long while.
*, a surgeon, *, * * account of the * of a * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *; * * * * * were so * that even * would not * on their *. * * * * * * * blood from their *. * *, * * their own *. They were nearly * * * *, * * dead, and two *. * * was increased by the * * * * *; the slightest exercise in this * * *. *, the surgeon in charge of the *. * *, * of a young * found by the * * * * after a * * * days. The * * * * * * sufficiently to be sent to * *, *, about one and * * *, in an extremely *, *, and nearly *. * * his name as * *, * *, *, *. On the whole * he had nothing to * *. He had found * *, of which he * * *, * had in his * a small *, empty. Into this * * * urine, and * * *. Until the second * * * *, * * that time * * * * *; * * four or * * every day, * * might be heard. * * he became * * nothing until * * in the hospital *, * *, * * *.
* * * * who were * * * days in a *, * * under a *, and yet * *. * * * instance of a person * * * * *, * *. * * notes that a * * * * and was picked up * * hundred and * *, having been * * * *. It was * by the * of the cliff * * * *, * * * * by the enclosing *. * * * * on its own * during the *.
Among the modern * may be mentioned *, the fasting *, * *, both of whom * * * *, * * * days; and the *, *, * * * * by a fast * * * which time * * * *. * * * * * * * in a month; * * * * * * * * * filtered water. * the fast * * * consisted of a whole * * the bones, * pounds of * *, * *, and a plate of *, the latter * *. * * * days and * * * *. * * * * * *, * * *, *, * * * * * * * * in height * * *, * increased from * *. * * *, * in the * *, *, * *, * * * * on the *. Three or four times a day he took a * made of herbs * * * * * power of * * *. * remained in a room in which he * * at a very high point. In * * * * a recent * *: "It has come to light in his * to go * * * * * that he * * * *, *, *, * *. * * discovered that one of the *' who were * * and see that the experiment was conducted in a * *, * *' with the faster and * * * *. The result of the * experiment is bound to * on all * * * * *, if not * those of his predecessors."
* all these * * have been accused of being * * *, throughout their * * * decrease in weight, and * * * * at all times. * * * * * * * under the closest *; * we may * believe that the * * in every * *, * we must acknowledge that these * * * in their * * * *, * of which in a normal individual for one day * * *.
Anomalies of * reviewing the reports of the highest * * of the human body, it must * that no matter how * the evidence or how * * there is always chance for *. * * to send the index of an * * up to * in ten or * * * * * between the * * and the finger, * considerable pressure * time. There are several other means of * * * with little risk of detection, and as * of the * becomes greater the easier * *.
* * * * of a woman * * * * * * inflammation of a stump of *. Throughout a somewhat * *, * * * * the temperature * * * * * * *. About a * * * * * with the *, and this time * * as high as *. * * *, as any * * *, * *, * could not detect any method of * * * * that she had produced the * by means of * *, *, *.
* records a case of rheumatic fever in which the temperature was * *. as indicated by two *, one in * and the other in the groin. * high degree * * * * *. Before the * * *, * reported a case in which, at *, there were * * * * * * * the mouth, rectum, and *. According to * in the *, there was no way that the patient * * * * temperature, and * * * * * normal as well * *. * * of a * * * * *, * *, on two * *, reached the limit of the * in the *.
There have been * mentioned in which, in order to escape *, * * * * * * the same * * been observed among * * * * *. There is an account of a habit of * * * into the rectum, thereby reducing the * an alarming degree and * * * * *. * * Hospital in * there was a case in which * in the vagina and * * * * *, and one day * * * *; * *. * * * * * * * *, * * with acute *, * * * * *. * * * * * * * temperature was still *.
* * a case of * in which the temperature * * * *. * *, and before death * as high as * *. * * * * typhoid fever. * * of a child of five, * *, * at different times * * * *, *, * * *; * * * * * a case of * in a boy of seven, * * * * *. * * * * case of * fever, in which the * * *. * *, * * a case * *, * the temperature * * *.
* * * account of a female * * * * suffered from a * * * * * system, and caused * associated with *. On the * * * * * temperature was * *; on the 16th, it was *; on the 18th, *; on the 24th, * *; on the 28th, in * * it was *, in the right *, * in the mouth, *; on the 29th, it was * * * *, * in the left *, * * the mouth The patient was * the following * * * * of a * female of *, * * *. * * * * * * * * *, *, * * * * *, associated with marked * *. * * limit of the ordinary *, * * * with a * reaching to * *. * * using the large *, * they were *" * * however, they * * * temperature of * *. with the *. * * of the following * * died, and * * * indicative of a cause for * *. * * suspected of *, * * * * * *, * never, in the *, * * detected in using * means to * * *.
In cases of * it is not at all unusual to see a patient whose * cannot be * by an *. Any one who has been * at a hospital in * * received in the * * * *. * * Hospital in *, * * * cases have been * in which the * * the ordinary * point of the *, and one of the most * * *.
At a meeting of the Association of * Physicians in * of New * reported a case of * * * *. This instance occurred in a * *, * suffered a rather severe injury as the result of * between the * * of some *, * * * for four days. Thereafter * * * *, * *, and had * * *, with loss of consciousness, * * *, * * * temperature, the * one occasion reaching the height of * *. * was taken * in the presence of a number *, and all possible * * observed to *. * * * * placed in the *, *, popliteal space, *, urethra, and * * from time to time *. The behavior of * * * influenced by * and by *. * * of five days the temperature * * * * * * *.
In the discussion of the foregoing *, * * * referred to a case that had been reported in which it was * the temperature * as high as * *. * elevations of temperature, * *, * * when they are long *, as they * to the life of the animal *.
In the same * * * * added that he had * * temperature of * *; * * * taken to prevent * or deception. The patient was * young woman.
* * the discussion * * that his observations had been made with the greatest care and * * * different circumstances. He had at first * * * *, but he could not * the results of *. * added, that although we cannot explain * this kind, this constitutes no reason why we should * *.
* records one of the lowest temperatures on record in a * * * *, after an *, * * * *. in the mouth and *. * * the next day.
The amount of external * that a human being * * is sometimes remarkable, and the range of temperature * life is * the less *. * * * * of the * * at times * * * * *, while some of the people living in * are apparently * at a temperature as high as * *, * work in the sun, where the temperature is *. In the * of some * * * * temperatures as high as * *. * *, yet the * and the * * * * heat and labor in it without apparent *. * *, by progressively * themselves to *, persons have been able to * * * above the * *, * having to * * from the * * * and walls of *. * * * in these * * * *, * *. * * * * some time in * the temperature of which was * *, and his * * * * *.
There have been * who claimed * ability to * * * without any * *. * * * * * salamanders," and must not * with the *" *, as a rule, * *. *, * * * *" * * *. As a * he had * * * * * * *, and he * * * * * * ability to * *. * remained in an * in the middle of the * * * * * when the temperature in the * * * *. * * * * and on * * * * * * * * *, * * * the same degree of temperature, the * varying from * *. *. * * * * *" assuming the title of *" * * * was to enter * * with a * * *, * * until the meat * * *. * * * his life in the performance of this * * * * to his * *, where a * * * *. Since the time of these two * there have been many others, but probably * * the same *.
In this * * * of some * * to a * * * * * * * temperature of *; * * *, * *; and for several minutes, * *, * * *. In the * *, there is an account of a * * * * minutes in an * * * *. * *, and his * are said to have * * * * of over * *.
In some of the * * * * * the degree of heat * by the participants is really remarkable, and * * * are performed by * *, *, * * * * * is worthy of *. * * *.
"The most remarkable * * * * * * in this country * * by the *. They believe * * *, and to this end * * * in it. The * they perform with it far exceed * * acts of * * * * * *. * preparation for the * * * of dry * is gathered from the *. At the * the great * * * * * * and in * * the whole of it is *. * * * * 100
feet or more into the air, and * * * like a shower *. * * * takes place at night and the effect * is both * * *.
* when the fire * * at its * * * * * from the outer * and a dozen *, * * * * * * * * * * * * * * so as to look like so many *, * * through the entrance to the * * * * *. * * *, * * * the fire, * * * * * * * *. * around the fire, always to the left, * * * * toward the fire, trying to * * * from the tips. Owing to the intensity of the * * difficult to accomplish. * * * * * * * *; * * * close to the ground * * *, * * * * up to the * seek to * on their * * * that fly * *. At last * by one they all succeed in * * * from the *. The test of * is very severe, * of the fire * so great.
"The remarkable *, however, are performed in connection with another * that follows. This is heralded by a * * *. * * * * * * * ten or more * run into the *, each of * * * bundles of * * *.
Four times * * around the fire * * *, which are then *. * * * * * around the fire, * * causing the * to throw * * * * * the hands and * of the *. The latter * * to their own * bodies and to the bodies of * in front. * * * * * * * as if * * *, *, * close to the * he is *, * * * with it as if * *. * * * * up with the * in front of * * * * * * time to time the * * their own * * * *. When a * is so far * that it can * be held it is dropped and the * disappear from *. * * * up the * * * * * their own * in the fire.
"No satisfactory explanation seems to be * as to the means by which the * in this * * * to escape injury. * they do not suffer from *. * * * * afforded by the earth * * to their *.
* * of the human body, * * by the medical men of this day, has for many years been the subject * *; only a few years ago, among the * * *, there were as many * as there were * is, however, no reliable evidence to support the belief * * * of the body. A few * * have been recorded. The opinion that the tissues * might be so saturated with alcohol as to render * * * disproved by the simple * * * * * for a long time and then trying to * * and others found that * * * * * * until the alcohol * *. * * * * is explained by * *, * of which do not exist in the human *. * * of the * of the human body * * * * * tried to consume the body of a * * * by a *. *. *. * * * * * * * * * night, and had not * the body * by the * * * *. * a feasible reason for * * * is to be found in several * * *, in which * falling asleep, * * *, have been * *, * * * by the smoke, and then *, have been * * * *. * * * * * * certain cases. In * of the * * * * * * * * persons have endured severe burns during sleep * * *. There is an account of a man who * * * top of a * *, which was * * * sleep, and * * * * * * * * man, a * by the very slow and gradual increase of temperature.
* * advanced by the * of spontaneous * * are very * * * mention here. * * * *: * blood is of such a *, * * * and bile: all of which, when * * *, * * * * at the approach of the least * and burn * *" * * * * *, * * says that in the time of * * * * * of a certain * * * themselves to have * of an * * in their *, and he * * cut off a hand or a foot when the * *, * * * no further. What may have been the * * * * * must be a matter of *.
*, in a paper on this subject, * that in the * of the * Society of *" there is related * * * * *, opening a * *, * * by a * * from the * of the animal; there was first * * * to a height of five * and continued * several minutes with a highly * *. * * * emanate from beneath the skin of a * at the * * * * * *. *, * * *, * that he * a hollow * * * * he had * opened, and he * * * from the mouth of the tube, and this * * * * *. This is probably * exaggeration of * of the hydrogen * found in the stomach. * * account of a man * *, a gross *, * * * of fats and a victim of psoriasis *, * going to * * *, * * the light in *, * * to find * enveloped in a *; this continued for several days and * * * * *. It is well known that there are * * * of the lower animal kingdom which possess * quality of *.
There are numerous cases of spontaneous * of the human body reported by the older *. * * * after the person * * too much *. * a person * * *. * * * * * * mouth and * after a * * * * * * * from the vulva, and * the same occurrence in *, *, * * have also written on this subject, and * contains a number of instances.
* *, * * *, published an account of the death of * * * * *, who in * * * * by a * * in her own * * * said that the fire was caused * * by the inflamed * of the blood, by the * * in the stomach, and, *, * * * * from the * * *, *, *. * * *, there is recorded * account of * who, in *, * great quantities of *, and two of them * * * * by a * itself from the stomach. There is an account of a * * * in the last * * * * *, for three years * virtually nothing else. * * * * that one * * lying on a * * * * * * * and smoke. * * of this * is too * to be * on. In *, there are two * reported in which * * * * has been seen to * * *. * There is an * * of a * of mathematics * * years of age and *, *, * * * * * *, * a pale * about the size of * * * *. * * * *, * * * * * * during the trial of * * of the * of the * *, * * * * advanced the theory of spontaneous * * * * * * * *, *, * *, * * members of the * * * * * comment on its *; * * * * * * * * *. * 1870
there was a woman * *, * * * * was found in her * with her viscera and part of her * * *, but the hair and * *. * *, in the Scientific * * there was a * * * * * of a man a hard *, * * by a * surrounded by his * *, * * of a * * * from his * * and he was soon * *. * states that the * * * for a much longer * than usual.
* an examination of cases of spontaneous *, * makes the following *.
It has * occurred in the human * *.
The subjects were * * *.
It was * more frequently in women than in men.
All the persons * * at the time of occurrence.
They all led an * *.
They were all * * *.
Most frequently at the time of occurrence there was a light and some * substance in the *.
* * * rapid and was * in from one to * *.
* * where the * * * * * filled with a thick * and the walls covered with a * *.
The trunk * usually the part most frequently *; some part of the head and * *.
* but two exceptions, the * occurred in * and in the northern *.
*, *, * * * have been * persons who have appeared before the public * * as the "human *" * * *" *. * no doubt that some persons are * * * *. For instance, it is quite possible for many * * * * * through the hair to produce a *, and even * * in the dark. * * * * * of this *, * * * * * * * * * * *. * * case was reported in this country * *, * * * from an *. On the 25th * *, a certain * * * * charged with *. * * * was first * * * * * * * of her *; to the * of both, * * passed from the ends of each *. This power * * * from the 25th * * to the last *, * * * * about the middle of May * * *.
* * a strong, *, * * *, the removal of * * * induced a number *, * * from his hair or *. * a similar * * *, * * *. * * * * were given * whenever the * *. * * * cases of * in which * of the patients were surrounded by * * * * instance in which * * seen in * and on the body * * * *. * *, *, * * * * * * healthy persons, and * * the same * * * *. * * * * * in a * *.
There is a description of a * * * * * * * * * * charged with * that he * a shock to any of his *. He was about * of age, *, *, * * * * * * he had been distinguished for this *, * the state of the atmosphere. As a rule, the act of * * * * by a * * * * by an * current, and contact with his * * * * *.
* * * has made * investigation of the subject of human * and is probably the best * * *, but many * scientists have studied *. In the * * * there is * of a * of three and a half, a *, * * for her age, * * * * *. * * * adhere to her *, *, *. The child, *, could not * up a * *, * * very sensitive to the *; * * * * to any portion of her body.
Only recently there was * through this country a woman * * * *, * * * * * *" * * * * * * * * * * * * discussion of medical *. * * * * * * strength and * * *. By placing * hands on the sides of * upon which a heavy * * *, she would * * * *. * * the strongest person in * to take from her * * * * she had *. Recent reports say that * * * * * with the strong men of * * *. * *, * * * * * the world * unable to raise * * from the floor, while with * of her * * * * * * * * * * *, such as a *, from a table. *, in this advanced era of * *, * * * * * that it is extremely difficult * on the * of any of the modern * * *.
The Effects of *, * * scientist and * of this subject, says that man has * * * * as low as * * *. * is a * in this *. * * men and women work with * * * * in a * * * * and without attention to the fact. In the most * * inhabitants of the * work with * * * * * about in the *. * * in his * * * in the *. * influence of * * * the inability of * * * * * * *, which has no effect on the indigenous *. On their * * * * * * * * * * and cold of their * *. * * * * * * * *, under the * * *, * men in ten *. It is * * of the thousands lost in * * * * *.
* * * that the * are less liable to the effects of * than their normal *, * * the escape of * *, *, without any * *, * *, when the temperature was * * *, ran into the * * * * body with *. In the * * * there is the record of the * of a * * * * found in the *, and who had * * * the ordinary effects of *.
* Effects of * says that the * * * * * * *, and that there has been a * that the * * * is much * * *, a theory exemplified by the * * * *, the execution of * * England, and that of * *. *, such as *, *, *, * with diverse forms of *, seem to * * of the human body to * *.
* seems to have little effect on the * function. In both *, *, and other * countries the * as large, if not larger, than in other countries. * * *, *, according to *, * * * * * love of * * * * * * * progress and *. * * * * * * * * * * is like the *. * * appetite, and * * * * * while in the *, * *. * * * * * * * * * * as they traversed the * * *.
* * * those who have the * to be * under the * * * * than those who are exposed * * *, * * having been made * * of the * * * *. * * it is * * * * *, *, * * * *, return to life when * * * *.
Sudden death from * * and cold * has been known for many *. * * death from * * * *, * *, *, *, *, * * deaths from * *. *, * *, *, * * * instances of a fatal * the ingestion of * water by an individual * * *. * describes a case of * following the * of a * *. It is * * the Great * * death from * *, due to the fact that while in a * * * into the * *. * * * instance of * * at a * after a long * on a hot * * a similar *, and there are many *.
The ordinary effects of * on the skin locally and the system * will not be mentioned *, except to add the * * * that in *, * * *, could be *, *, and other * lesions of the skin. * * * * * * * * * * * to protect them against the *. * * *, to avoid the dermal lesions caused by * augmented by the * of the * * * *, * * * * * fish oil, and are able * temperatures as low as * * *. In the * * * * all his * * * * * to the air.
Effects of Working in * * to a writer * * *, the highest * * * * close to pounds per square inch, but with extreme * * selection of men, and corresponding * on the part of *, it is very * that this * may be *. * * conditions the top * may be placed * *, the time of *, according to * from four to six * * *. In the cases in * * might be used, the * for the men * * to two of two * each, separated by a *. As an example of heavy * work under * as to *, * very bad effects on *, *. * Company had an experience with a work * men were engaged in * *, separated into * * * intervals for lunch. This work was * *, * *, carried on for several weeks under about * pressure. The character of the material through which * is being * * upon which it may be * at any * * * upon the ability of the men to stand * necessary to hold back the water at that point. * * be so * as to permit a considerable leakage of * *, there will * * a continuous * * in the working *, and a corresponding relief of the * the deleterious effects which are nearly always * * *.
* * * * reports that during the building of a bridge * * * had to work in * air, and * found that the * lost their *; * * * * in the ears, * after a while * required a great effort to speak * *, * * impossible to *. * was very *. * had to work a long time lost their *, *, and congestion of the lung and brain was observed. * of the * * easier than in normal *, * * and rheumatic * * often observed.
The peculiar * * development of the remaining * * when one of the number is lost * * * * of great *. * people have * * * * * * *, *, * *. * *, almost invariably have the sense of *, *, * might be called the * * location and * *. * substitution of the * is but; * of the great law of * which we find *.
* * a case in the * century of a blind man who, it is said, * * * * * * * * other instances * mentioned in a chapter * * * * *" It must, however, be * * * people can thus * colors in * sense of the words. Different * *, * * have other * * texture, etc., that would * to the sense of *. We know of one case in which * * * * distinguished by a blind * only when located in * * * *. * * of a blind *, a native * *, * * * * as well as *. * * * * * * it is also said that he * * familiar with *. * * * * *, * * such a dangerous * * * * * * * cards and * * *, that he was * allowed to handle * but his own *.
It is not only in those who are * deficient in any of the * that the remarkable examples of * * * * late in life these are developed. The *, * * *, * * * he had *, * * * * of his * * *, * * *, make a * * * after a model. * * * a woman, * *, * * * * * to comprehend * said to her * * of the lips *. It was not necessary to * *, but only to give the * *. * * * * * * was at a loss to understand a single word.
Since the establishment of the modern * standard of * * * * *, * so many * have been developed and are * in the education * *, * which were * * * * the reach of all those under * *, * * are taught to speak and to understand by the * the lips *, and the * *, * * *, and even *. *. *. * * * one of the * * in the country, has * * for years. It is said that he * * with almost * * * as one * * * *. * *" * * * * * * * by his * upon the *.
In some * cases in which both * * *, and sometimes even taste and *, * *, the individuals in * * * have developed the sense of * to such * that it almost replaces the * *. The extent * * is most * illustrated in the cases * * * * *. * * examples could * of the compensatory ability of differentiated organs * absent or * *.
* * * was born * * *, *. * * * * * healthy people. They were of *, * *, * *, and of * *. * * the physical characteristics of *. In her * * * subject to *, * * * * *, and at this time * * * * *. At the age of two years, in common with two of * * of the family, she had an attack of severe *. Her sisters died, and * * * * * * * * *; taste and * * * *. * in the left eye * * *, * * * * for large, * objects in the right eye * * * year; after that time * * * * * * it was two years before she could * * *, and not until * * five years old * * * * *. * * *, * * * * *; *, * was taught to *, *, * * several other minor * *. * *. *. *. *, * * of the * * * *, * * in charge, and with her * * * *. At this time * * seven years and * *. Two years later she had * * * * * * ability to learn that, * *, * * any of the * of her *. * was particularly * immediately after * that an * could be expressed by a succession * letters. In fact, so rapid * * *, that it * * by the * to hold * *. * * * * * she could * * between a whole and a half * * music, and * the notes on the * * *. During the * of her * she could not * at all, but later * * * * by this sense. * had developed * an extent that at this time she could * * degrees of *. The sense of *, *, * delicate and acute. As to her * * was the most marked. The slightest * * * * * * * * * * *, * * of order, *, * * * *. * * at home * * * society of her own *, * * and distant in the society of males. * * the intellectual capacity of those with * was associated, * * * * * for the * of her friends. * * * * of any * shown to her * *, * arising from * that she had * been a *. * * * *, and partially * * * * * * * * * movements. Like most *, * a number of * or more, * * * *, and was * * in her *. * * it was thought that she had been * * * * *, *, *, and others. * * great importance *, * * * * * * in finding * * * not absolutely sure of *. * * * in the presence of animals, and by no * * * induced to * * * animal. In common with *, * * * * * *, * *; * * she had * * *. * * seen by *. * *, * found that she * * * * of people * * in her * seemed to have * the cutaneous sense of * that of *. At this time she could distinguish the * * * * and had * * *, * * * * * *. * * a journal * ten years, and had * * * *, was the * of several *, * * * *. * * at the *, * after a life of * *, * * such as few * *, and which, by * development of the remnants of the original * *, she had * in a degree * less than * to a * *, * * of her *, * * * * * was not * * * certain data of thought, but even * was not very marked, and was * * * * power of using * *.
In the present day there is a * * * * * *, and who * fair to * even greater * * * *. * *, * *, is both * *; she has been seen in all the principal * * * *, has been examined by thousands of persons, and * for her * * *. * account of * power of * * efforts have been * * * *, and for this reason her mind is far * * than in most * of her age. It is true * has the advantage over * * in having the * * * *, both of which she has developed to a * degree of *. It is said that by * * * * * of the presence of another person, * * * * entrance into the * in which she may be. * * * to take * * * *, and is * in the *. It is, however, by the means of what * * *" that the most * of her * *. By placing * hands on the face of a * * * to detect shades of * which the normal human * * *, or, in the words of one of her * * sense of * is developed to such an * * * form a better * for her than are * * * for us; * is more, * * * of character by this * to a recent report of a conversation with one of * of the * in which * * * *, it is said that since the * has been * * * has been * her to * with great *. * * of her hands on the throat of a *, she is able * * * * * with her own voice, and * with her *. The only difference * voice and that of a normal person is in its *. * * has this sense *, that by placing * upon the frame of a * she can distinguish * * * than half a * *. * is expected to enter * * * * * in the * * * At a meeting of the * * to Promote the * * Speech to the *, * *, *, * *, and in a * and distinct * * * story of her own *. * * * of the * * * for the *, *, * with the history of * *, * *.
* * * is in *, *. At the age of nineteen * * * *, *, * * * * * *. Up to the age of seven years she had received *. * * * * * of the * for the *, * *, to go to * * *. * * familiar with methods of * * *, * nothing about * * *. * * * * * for some instruction on the subject. * was at that time * with two * * * * * * * * * *, * * * attention to it. * * * for her * from time to time * reports to *. * * * * * *, * * the remarkable * * found this * * * *. The following * * * the child, * * years old, * * *. * * with her. * * * * * * * * the child * * *, * * * * information by means of it. * * * * * * the ideas given to her in that way.
"It is interesting to note that before any * had been made to teach the child to speak * * had been any thought of * * * of thought * * it to her as * by hand * * * *. Her mother, *, * * * * suggestion that an attempt * * to teach * *. * remained at the * * * * *, * *, when the matter * up again, this time by * * *, * * * *. * * * her to * * * * * she received * * *, of about two *.
* * * was first passed over * * *, mouth, and neck, * * * *, * the tongue, *, and hard palate, to give her * idea of the organs *. * * * * * *, tongue, and * the sound * * as in it. * took the * * * * upon the * so that she might feel the *, * * * * * teeth to show * * * they were, and one * in the mouth to feel the * * * * *. The child * the idea * * * * to her own mouth and *, * * * * * * * that it * like an *. * * * * was made by dropping the jaw a little * * * * that the tongue * soft and lying in the * * * with the teeth more widely separated. * in the same * her own, * was not so * as at first, but * the sound *.
* * * were given, at intervals of three or four days, * she had acquired all the elements of *, * in the meantime * with the child on the *. The first word * * *, which was at * with her *; this gave * * *. * * * * * * *, combining the elements * *, and used them to communicate * * *. * * * * * was a description * * * of a * she had made to *. * * *, * * *. They were, all but two or three, *. * *, six years *, * * * people who know nothing of the * * by placing * of fingers on the * *, * * * * * * as she * * * can understand * *.
In a * * * * * in a recent number of * *, * * * expresses the * she is the * * of her age in the world.
* *, a little * of the * * for the *, * * *, is not only * * * but also * was a * * * *, and in a * the rapid progress of her * *. * * progress in learning to * * * *: "And as the teacher said the word *' once or twice * * * of one hand upon the * * * the other hand * * * * *; * by the muscular action of the throat and the position * teeth, tongue, and lips, * interpreted by that * * * * *, * said the word *' over and * * in a very * way. She can be called * *, and before the * * * she will * * a number of words, and such is * * *, * * of the loss of three *, she may * * *.
* history is very interesting. * was born in *, and up to the time of * * and scarlet fever, * when she * four years old, had been a very * of more than * * and ability. * * a greater command of language than most * * *. * a contrast between these * *' as she *, and the days which *, * * * * * *, * * * * * speech and *, *! After the * * of the * * * * * * so far as to make the rest of her * *. The extent of her vocabulary is * known, but it * at least *. * was once an * *, has become a * to her. * * * and the * of movement *, and her industry and patience are more * day to *. She has great *, and is in every * * * *.
According to recent reports, in the vicinity of *, on the *, * * * * * * * *, who, in * *, *, * * in various *, * * who have all their *. Having been * * *, she is a good * *, and her * is really *. She has a shorthand * * *, and when writing *, *, * uses a *, * of the nature of a *.
Among the * persons who have acquired * * literature and the * have been * *, * * * of the *; * *, *; * * *, *; *; * *, * * * * on his own * *, * * *. *, * * * * * *, was a *.
All the world * * *, but despite their * many have achieved the highest * in every *. * there have been * * *. * * * * * * * he had become *. * * *, * * *, who died in * * *. *, *, *, * * * * * * *. * *, * * * * *; *, * * * * *; *, *, * * versed in * *; * * *, *; * *, * * * *; * *, *, who died in
1831, and many others have become * at an * more or * in their * *.
Probably the most remarkable of the * * was the *, *, who in in his first year, * * * after an attack of *. * * * * * * * studied the *, * * * at the * * * * and optics. * sense of * * *. * * collection of old * *, all of which, * * * * by their *. * * seemed to * ability to judge distance, and was said to have known how * * *, and by the velocity * * * * * * in a *. * * * * * *, * (died in * * * * * *, who died in *; * *, * *, * * * * * *, * for a long time * of Mathematics at the * *.
In the * century the *, * *, born in *, * * * twenty years; but in * * * * * * * * regarded as *. It is said that he * * * * * *, * as a * * *, passed from time to time * *. *, * * * of the *, is said to have * his work after becoming *.
* * * for their * and ability in the art of war have been *. * * *, most commonly * the name of *, * * * * * eye, and * known as the "old * *" *, *, * * to many *. * * * * death of the * * * * at the battle * * * *, * * *; * *, * *; * *, * * *, * * *, * * * *. * *, * * * * in the *, * * * in a * * *, *, * * * in any degree with his *, * * * in as good condition and their location * * * *, * * * as they were in his *. At the present day in New * there is a blind * * * * * of his *.
* * * time to time there have been *, * children, who * * * * * * *, others for names, and some for rapid *. Before the * * * * * * * *, * *, * * * *, with a trick *, had been found * * * * and by * * in a few * most difficult problems in *. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * memory, and * * * *. * * of the * * * * * * * *, composed of some * to be * *. In the presence of all the members * * * in less than ten minutes, and without the aid of * *, * the whole * *. Although not *, and not being able to read or write, * * * any one in the world in his * *. * * that he * from left to right in his * * from right to left in the usual manner. In * appearance the only thing indicative of his * * * * *.
An infant * * * * * * to the physicians * * at the Central * * * * * * at the time. The child was born * * * *, *, * * and when * * * * * * * *. *. *. *, a physician * *, * * * * *.
* was born * and, as frequently occurs in such cases, the * * * *. * * that after * a person once or twice * * * *, * * * * * * * name the one * * * * felt. The * is the only one *, * * reveal that *, taste, and * are acute, and the * * * *. But his * is the most *, for when * * * * * at home, *, less than two years old, * * * * * *. * * * *, in which * he is not * *, * * * what they have * * * seems to digest * * *, and requires * * than one * of what he is trying to remember, * * * the information * and is able to * at once * *. It is not necessary for * * at the beginning, as the * of some * * compelled to do, but he * about to any * of his *.
* * a number of * and counts in different languages, but it is not * that he * every word *. *, *, * * develops as it * *, he will become a * *. He has * * array of statistics, such as the areas in * * hundreds of countries, the population of the * *, * * of all the *, the names of all * of the United States of over *, and a * * *. He is greatly * * music, and * to the expectation that when more mature * * * *.
* * he is very *, but rather * * * *. * * * * * his father, and is as * * * as the ordinary *. * * *, has a * appetite, and appears to be in * *. * * * but not *, and are as well * * a child of ten. In fact, * * one as having * of a much * * * three years * *, but his *, *, and general * * * of the age assigned. An evidence of * mental development appears in his *. * wants to understand the meaning of what * *, and some kind of an explanation must be given * * * *. * * * * * * * * *, this would hardly be the case; but if *, * at present be determined.
* * * *, * * *, * *, * * but not *, * * * * * * * a little. * * * * * *, on a line with the upper *, * * * * than the * * * * * *. The occiput * * * * * of the back of the neck. * * to the * over the head * * * between upper *- * across and over the head * is so close to the * * standard that he * * *. * * in the vicinity of * * * * * * * * of the * * in that *, such as those * * *, *, and the fact that * * part of the brain may cause loss of * of the meaning *. It may be that the premature death of the * has some significance in connection with * development. There is certainly a * * * brain with atrophy of the optic tract, both of * * arise from abnormal vascular *, * * growth of the * * region may have * *, by pressure, the adjacent optic * * * brain. The otherwise normal motion of the * * * to be *.
* * of the memory is often the consequence of * * disease, and in children this symptom is *. *, *, and other * * * * * instances of * before death, mainly in adults, and during * *. In simple * the memory is often * * * of a young * * * * * after an * *, * * an extraordinary *. * * to the fact that the * * * * childhood are sometimes accompanied by this disorder. * that in the * state of the brain disease of * * * *, * conditions of the * and vessels, and in * of advanced * is often * a remarkable * of the * may herald death by *.
"Not only has the institution of intelligence in * * * * upon the head, * * * has been * such an event * * of three * *, * *, after a severe head injury, * up and * *, * * * * *. *' * *, * said to have been an * *- six years of age, when he * * * * * *. He was *. * *, * fully developed itself in a * endowed with a *, * * memory, and a * * * *' Such instances can be accounted for by the brain * * * nourished by a defective * * * * * by the increased * * * *.
"It is a commonly known fact that activity of the brain is * with a greater * * when the * *, * * *. Anomalous development of the * *, * an extra * supply to * *, can readily be conceived as * *, just as * * * * * * * * *.
"There is but one * in the child *, * *, and that is * for by his * *, as it generally is in the *. * * demonstrate that in such cases other parts of the * to compensate for the atrophic * which is * * * *. *, * * * *, * and physical health, * * * suppose that * * * depends upon * more than we can * * * of being *, * * * * due to pathologic conditions. Of * is no * what may develop later in his life, but * * science will be benefited.
"It is a popular idea that * * * * is often associated with * intelligence, and cases such as * and other * *' who could repeat the contents of * after a single *, * * *, * * *' * of a man who could * * that every person had been buried in the * * years, and could repeat * * * * and age of the deceased and the * at the *. * was a complete *. Out of the line of * he had not *, could not give * * reply to a single * * * even to feed *. * * * apparent in some * * *, * * as often * * been observed to occur in * * * * *. * *, *, *, * *, * *. * * * for having * strength of *. * * observed that *, *, *, * * * * * for their * than for their * * could repeat all that he had written and * * * *. * * * * name the * *. * is said to have known the name of every * * *. *, a great * *, * * * * *. *, * * *, * * * * * *. * * * Stewart, and *. * had similar *.
"Nor does * * * * * *; *, * *, * men have reached * * * in the cases of *, *, *, and the * * by all the * of the * * * * * years, many of them * * * *. *, in the case of the * it cannot be predicted that he will not develop, as * * to do, * * * powers of mind, * it would be rare in one of his * *, and in * of the fact that * * * * * *, for it can be * * * * * * * four years of age.
"The child is *, however, and may die *. * *, who are * * * *, * seek the * * * * and avoid * * * *. * * of his * *, * *, by competent *, will give * the best * * * * * * * * * sense of the word."
By long * * men of letters have developed * * * memory; and among * *, by means of * *, the power of * has been little short *. At a large * * * there was at one time * * * was to take charge of the * * * * * as they entered the * and return to each * * * *. It was said that, without * * * of the *, * * * * * to the right * on request, and no matter how * *, * limit of * * seemed to be *. * have seen * * * * * * *, * * * * * with many * * most of the matches. To realize * * * * * * * is, one need only see the * of one of these * after a match. * *, * have been able to detail the succession of the * * * so many * * that their * * * * *.
There is reported to be in * *, *, a mathematical * by the name of * *. At the * he is between * and fifty years of age, and his * * * as well as *. * is most *; * * * * * * * * * *.
* * of this * * was that of an * * * * * * and silly *. * did not * * go to school, and he * now that if he had * * "would have become * * * * as other people." A *, left to his own devices, * * * *, and among the many * * with this period * life is one * describes how * * * * * patch of * *, simply because he found it * * *.
* from this *, * * * * * * *. * when he began to assert * * * *; but his * have been * for twenty years by *. A report *.
* * * the distance * * * any two points, and the * of a *, and almost as soon as * * * * * he will tell you the number * * * will make * * over the *. * * * or any number of columns of * down a *, * you have reached the bottom he will * the sum. * number of * * pounds of articles and the price, * * he will * the total * * he will do all *, without apparent * * *.
* * * * instance of *' knowledge of *. * * * * columns of * * *, * back to the first *, saying that it was wrong, * *, * * the next to the last * * * * * * *, *: * * * * * *.
*' * * quick and *, * * *. * which would require hours to perform are made * time than it takes to state the question. The size of * seems to offer * * to their * *, * in which * lines of figures are * * * * *. * * the effort put forth * * *, there would seem to be some * * on in the * * * * is often * in, but it is * * * does not * know how * * *. * it is that he is unable to explain the * has any one ever been able to draw * * * it. Almost the only thing * * about the power * * * it, and, while he is not * * * money for his work, he has steadily * * * to be *" * reviewing the peculiar * *, * * * *.
"How this * is performed is as much a mystery as the process by which he * a problem in *. * * *. * *, men of study, * * * and short methods have become *, * * * these two *, but without *. Indeed, the * is of so low an order as to prevent * * * who seek to know. With age, *, * grows more *. * * * * *' might be to the world of science, * * * *, is readily *. * * * be understood is unlikely. As it is, the power * and makes * *, with its study *, * *. As to * * *, * * *. *, *, * *, * on a * which he does not understand, * * * * a marvelous *, which he * to be a * *. To his * mind it * * * * *, * * is as * to the world as a * in a * * *.
* is interesting to know to what * a human being * resemble a * when deprived of the association *. We seem to get * * to this question * * of so called cases of *.
* * * of a * * * a child and kept it a long time in his *. * tale of the * * * *, and may have been * more than a *, * * * * * * * reported in which * has been * from its associations with a wolf * * * some time *. Most of the * * come from *. According to * * * Life in *" there is the following * * * children in the * * *, * *, * * * * *: * * * by a * * * * * * of some * * along the bank of the * * * when he * * * * * * *, followed by three * * * *. The boy * * *, and when the * * * * * * as fast as the *, and kept up with * *. They all entered the *, * * * out by the * the boy was *. * * hard to * * * * * * * *. When he * * * * * *, * tried to fly * children and * *. * * * * *, * * * * * *, * * * * * like a dog." The other * * *, in the * * *. * *, * * * * out to help her husband in the field, * * * * * her little boy was * off by *. About a year * a wolf, followed by several * * *, * *, * * about ten * *. After a * * * * was caught * (by the mark of a burn on his *) as the * * * * in the *. * boy would not * * * *, and could never be taught to speak, * * * in an * *. * * * * of his * had become * * * * * * * *. In the * * * * * attempts to * * *, and in the * * * for good and * in the * *.
The Zoologist * *, * a remarkable * * * * * * had been * * *. This interesting paper * * account of * * children in their *. * cases are given * who have been * from the maternal care of *. * instance the * * * from the moment of his * off by a * * * * * * * * field, to the time when, * having been recovered by * six years later, * * from her into the *. * these cases * * * *. In the * boy was very *, except when *, and then * *. He would * * * * *, * *, which he * * * *. * * * * * at one *, and could not be induced * * even in the * *. * * * * * bones, and * * *, after the * * * *. * * * * *, * *, * * in his *, and could * a word.
In another case the child * * at three and * * *. * *, but could not *. As in the *, * could not be * * * *. * * * * the front of this * knees and his * * *. In the third case the father * * who had been carried away at the age of six, and was * * *. The intellectual * was not *. The boy * signs, and his * * *; * * * * of the hands * * * * * * *, * * * * asked of *; * * *, * * * * *, * * * * * * * *.
The author of the * * * surprise that there was no * on record in which a * * had been found in *. This curious collection of cases of * * * * *, * * *, who is * have been * interested in the subject, and who * * * * in the * * *. A copy, now a * in the * * *.
An interesting case of a * was reported many years ago * *' *. In the * *, near the * * * *, a boy was captured from the *. After a * * was restored to his *, *, *, * * difficult to *, * he was * * * *, just a * * *. * * * * * * he would * * to most * * *, * the rest and * * * * * and generally * * *. * * * * * * by the waist to a tree * * of the *. Then a rather * *. It was a bright * night, and two * * those in * * he had been * by his * * on the *, came to *, * * seen to * * * with as much * * as if they * * * one of *. * * * on the approach of *, * movement and * arose in the *. * * did not survive long. * *, * * a single ray of human * * * * * * * * *.
* a writer in the * *, * * of the authenticity of *, *.
* * * me that when he was a * * * *, * others, to see a * * had been *. * * *, * * at an * * *, * * *, it was my * to meet * * who had been in the * * * * * * years, and had * * * * * time; from * * * * * wanted to know *, * * not only knew of several cases, but * seen and examined, * *, a child * * * from the *. The story of * * *, * * and the vast majority of * * * * *, appears in a different * when one studies the * *, * * how it comes to pass * * * * on the very best terms with such * * animals as *, sleeping with them in their * the raw * * * * * which the *, and, in fact, leading in all * the actual * a wolf.
"A young * has a * * *, and after a time * * * * that they will require * *. * * at night * * * *. * * * a weak * * * * * * * * * * encloses the *, * *' of a poor *. *, *, in the hope * * * kid; and * * * * into a * where a woman and * * sleeping. In a moment she has * on the * is out of * * * * can attract the * * * * * under the *, * * * * * * *. At this * time the fate of the * in the balance. Either it will be immediately * * * *, or in a most * * remain in * *. In the event of *, the fact may be * in several ways. Perhaps the * are already * * * is thrown * them, or are being * * * before their * * * *, so they * by simply * * *, * * * * * * * * with some * * *) * *, and thus * lies in the *, * * getting the * * * *, after which the mother * will not * * a little time the infant begins to feel the * * * * * * *, * * * *. * * is complete, all fear of harm to the child * * *, and the * * * * * * * it were of her own * and blood.
"The mode of progression of these children is on all *, as a rule, on the hands and feet, * on the knees and * reason the knees are used is to be accounted for by the *, owing to the great length of the human leg and * * to the length of the arm, the knee * * * to the ground, and the * * top of the * * * instead of the sole * * of the * *. Why the * should be employed instead of the hand * easy to understand, but probably it is better suited to * to the head and * of the body.
"Some of these * * have been * * * ten or more years in the * * *, *, * * * at first, have in time * * in some * are rarely seen to stand *, * to look *, * * bones in the manner of a dog, * one end * forearms and *, * * * * * * * * near. The * has little * * form to show that it is a human being with a *. * * * * * thing, and hard to understand, that * * of a * * * from its own * * it to such a state of absolute *. *, * * * *, though some, in time, * to make * * * by signs. When first * * the approach of adults, and, if possible, * * * *; * * a child of their own size, or smaller, *, they will *, and even * * * at it. On the *, the close proximity of *" * * * *, in some cases *; * I have heard of * * food with these animals, and even * * *. They have in time * brought to a *, but would always * * *. Some have been * after being * for as long as two years, but * * or other they all * and die, * * that time. One would think, however, that, * * *, they might be saved if * a scientific manner and properly *.
* *, * inspired by accounts of these * * *, * ingeniously constructed * series of * stories of a child who was * by the * of the * * * * * * * of communication. The ingenious way in which the author * * * together and interspersed them with his * * * * * *" * * source of * to the scientific *.
* * mentioned in the "Index *" who have studied this subject * *, *, * *. * The artificial * of "wild *" * * *" in the * * is shown by recent reports. * * * * a boy and skin * * * * *, * * * * * * of a * * *. * * * tedious and is by no means * when the * * *, as the subject must be rendered * * of the vocal cords, made to use * * * * * to such * as to completely * *. It is said that the process is so severe that only one * *. * * *" * * * had the * of a dog * * * on all *. It was * he had been *. * * * * * *. * says that * * are manufactured * by a similar process of transplantation. * * * * of light for several years renders the child * *, if in conjunction its growth is dwarfed by means * and drugs, and its * * *. * * * * * * to this treatment and * as a * *. * * that the child * *, as though * * * * *. * with his * together and was a * *. * was discovered and escaped, but his * * *.
* individuals have * * * * * that by the eye and particularly * * they are * * * * * of maintaining * the most difficult * * * been known in all times. The * had a particular * *, * * * *" *" *" * would have been one of the latter. * * * making the * of an * * been found. The * * * both of the * * Many of the * of the * * * the dangers of these *. Among others, *. * * of men who * * * * * * *. In the * * * there is * a picture * * * * * *, * one in which he * on a * * * of a double *, played by *. * * * * * * * * *, * these were attached to the * of high *, * * * * * * * * is said that * * * * * *, * * of the arrival of the * * *, carried in * * * * * * * * * * * of the * * * * to a house on the * *. According to *, a similar * * * * * In this instance the * * attached to * * of St. * *. * * * * * * *, during a passage of the * *, * * * on a * * * * * of the * and the clock * *, at a height of *. A similar * * * * before the * *, and at * * * and the * on each *. * *, * at high *. * a man attempted to * * on a * * between the * * * * * * *. The performance, however, * * * * of the * into the *. * * * * * * have appeared. At the * * * there was a person named * * * * public with her * * * * * *. * * * * *. On a * * from the ground * * all sorts of * * *, * * *, *, * * *. * * her the title of * * * *. * * * * * late as 1861
at the * * *.
* there was a woman * * *" who, in the presence of the * * * *, * * on a * * above the * *.
In the present * probably the most famous of all the * * *. * *, * * * * *, acquired a universal *; * * * * * on a * at an elevation of nearly
200 *. * * * * in his * he would carry a man * on his *; * * * a meal * on his *; * * * * *, * * and ordinary * *, all of which he *. * * * * almost the * * * *; and at the present day the * * *, * * with the same grace and *.
* * * * the natural name of * * * * * * another in * on a wire * * *. With the aid of a * * * * *; * * on his *; * * * * in a *. He was a man of about *, * * * * * *.
It is said that a * * * * several times traversed the * * * on a wire at about a height of *. * * * * *, with his hands and * with iron *, * * *, * * one side *, after the * * *, * * * *, * a young * * * many others. * * into the *, but with * * * * * * * * * bands and * * *, * the worse * * * *; * * * * to his * *. A close inspection of * * of this class will show that they are * * * * *. * only acquire * after long * *, as well as * * * *. Most of these * * means of *, * a long and * *; but some * but their * *. * at the * * *, there was an individual who * * * * reaching to the top of this * structure, and, * made the *, without the aid of any means of * * *, * the whole length of the *, * * * into an * *.
* * * thus far * * used a * * * * *; but there are a number of * * *, of course not of such magnitude, on a *, in which they have to defy not only the force of * * * motion of the * as well. * * with the Oriental * that we see *. * use open *, which, with their * * *, render the performance * *; * seem to do equally well * * *. * * * of this class * * with sharp * * themselves on thin and * *.
Another class of * are those who maintain the * * resting on their * with their * in the air. * * * * * * since there was a man * in this * * minutes and * a meal * *. There were * * at the * * * * *, and the program * * * * * *" Some other persons * * of a similar * on an * *, * * * have been * by the * * * *.
The "human *" * *, *, as they do, * power of maintaining * * * *. * * with which they are formed and are * * * * they sometimes * as many as * *, women, and children.
* * given by the class of persons * designated as *" exemplify the perfect * that by * one may obtain * * * * and muscles. * * * * * are thus * * * *. * *, *, mounted on *, or even on a wire, they are able to keep * *, * * * * * * motion in the air. * * of the greatest difference in specific gravity * * manner. A * * *" appearing in * * in the * * * with an open *, *, and a * *, and received * * * in the air * * *. * * * *" well known in this country, does not * * * * * * * *. The tricks * * with their * * * * are well * * appeared in * a man who received * * on his *, one on top of the other, * * * from the * of the first * of the *. * place a number of * on their fingers, and with a * * * * them all in the air, * * all on one *. Without resorting to the * * *, * * * on a table, and in * * all the powers of *.
* * * * we see the most * of the *.
* * * they keep in motion * * *, * * them at their * by the *. * * * with such * that one * * *, * * * against a soft *, * * * distance and so * * * * * that he * * some are *, marking a * of his form on * never once does one as much as * the skin. * same people the * are most common. *, * made and female, * with their * * and articles that it requires * * *.
* * trick is given by * in his * * * * * *" * * * *. * * * * * * of the eggs." * *, * * * * *, * on her * a large * * * *, and at regular intervals * * * * * *, at the ends of which are * * * * * of glass. * * * * * * * * * them around for * to assure * * * *. * * * * and the * * * on her * in rapid *; *, * * * a quick * * puts it on one of the * * * the velocity of the revolution of the * * until the * * * * * * * an almost horizontal line with the circumference of the * * * * * places the eggs on the * * *, * all are * * * * in an almost *. At this moment the * *, and it is * to distinguish the features of the *. * * *, * * to the *. At the velocity with which they * the slightest * * * them to * against one another and *. *, with the same * *, * * * by one, certainly the most * part of *, until they are all * * * in the basket * * *, and then * * * * * * *; * this wonderful *, * * *, * * * *.
A unique * * is to * pieces of paper into the form of * * * them into the air about a * * *; * with a * to keep them in motion, * * on the *, * *, and return, after the manner * * *, * * one to fall to *.
* would be an incomplete * on the acute development of the * that did not * * to the men * * * * *. In the old * * * *, * * * * * with his * * * * * by their * * * *. It is only * that there * in this * * of many *, *, * * * * * without the aid of the * * of modern *, * means of a *, * * *, * * *" that had been placed * in a *. The experts * * * * * *, and when we consider the * each year, the proportion of * * * *. * *, * *, and others * seen in their * * by many people of * *. The records made by many of the * the modern * * are none the less * as they do the degree of precision that the eye * and the control which may be developed over the nerves *. The authors know of a * * * * and small * by means of * * * *.
* * are to be found in all * * * * *. * *, *, *, *, *, * * who are really * *. In the * * we see development of the special * that is little * *. It is said that there are * * * * * * who have such control over the enormous * that they can place a * under one and let the *, * it with * * * on the crystal. * * * in one of the great * * * a recent test of skill, * one of the most * * *. He took a common * * * * * inches) and * a hole * * * from eye to * * * * * * * the passage of a very * *. * * * * of the United States * a hole * * of his beard and * * * * * * *.
*, * * men," are * anomalies of the present *; it is common to see a person who * * * * with a * * from the * * * *, while with others it is due to * *, *, according to *, in the * the third and fourth ribs and their * * the middle of the first portion of the sternum. * many of these cases * that the * * *. It is certain that * have existed for *. It is quite possible that some of the old * were simply the * * * by means *.
*, * of the * * about a century *, * * an individual * to be *. With a * * on his * * *, * * * conversation with the *. * * * *, and calling to some * * to be * * of the ground, he would * an answer * * * * * of the earth. With his * on the ground * * made the * more complete, but in this way * * * *.
He was * * to place the * * with which he * * * * *.
* must not be * * persons who by means of * *, * * * *, * *. The latter class are in no sense of * * *, * simulate the * * * * * of their * in rapid *, * * to make their * * in many different *. * acquired the ability to * change the tone of *, * * * of the * of the aged, *, *, * * *, and, with a set * *, are ready to appear as *. * of the * and laryngeal * * * * from a distance. * * their performance * * movement, but close inspection of the * of this class * * * of his *. * * * only to speak from the * * * * *.
* * powers of * displayed by * * * *; * not only * * animals, but do not * * * * * * * * * in such a manner as to * * into believing that they * * discussions of * of people. The following description of an * * * * by a * * is given by * of "The * at Home" and well illustrates the * * *: * * * * * *, where there were only a chair, a table, * *, * *. With this * * * on the table to enforce * * * had ceased * there was * * * of a dog. Then we heard the * of a woman. * * * by the dog and was * her husband. * * * * * * man and * * * * * began to *. * * it the mother * * *; * * * * * * at the same time. The * to it * and then * to change its * * * * * and was beginning to make *. The father * *, while the baby * * the whole * * back to * * * *. * of a mouse * *. * * up some * * *. * heard the * of the * as it *. * * in her *. * * * *! *" * *. * * * * *; * * * * * *. * * * * *, *, * *, * *, * * * * *. * *, *, * * * *. The fire * * *. * * * up in * * * * *. The representation * * * to life that every * to his * and was * * when a second * * * on the table * *. * * * *, but there was * * except the *, *, * chair, and his *.
* * * * * those who were noted for their * *, force, and *. * * * is not foreign to that of medicine, but, * contrary, the two are in many ways * *. * * * * * * * are in every * * * examples of physiologic and functional *, * in all times * * interest and * * *.
* * * * for their love of * *; * * * * * to strengthen the belief * * * * * than the * * * * * * character and * * type of personal and intellectual * * * reflected in her * and literature. * * * * * * *, * *, * *, *, and the * *. On these * * * *, * * * between the States, and * * * * to the * * * * of these *. Perhaps the * * * * interest in * * * * has never been * by any other people. * * * * * * * * * on the * * * *, and tell us of the * * * * by the * and the *, * * on the fact that in accepting the * * * nothing but *. * * * * *" * * * *, * from first to * * *; * * * * person was an active participant. In * of diet and training the physicians from the time *, and even before, have been the * * * of the *. The change in the manner * * *, if we can * from the * *, * * to his time; for in * * * *" * * of Bias, *, * * *, * * * * *, * *, *.
From the time of the * * of the hero *, * * * from his *, * able to * * *, * * * * to the increased * and scientists have * with the * * the present ideas and system of training. In * * * * to the dangers of * * * training, and * * * to an * * * * * * and nature of man; * * * believed that * development of the * * * followed by a * * *.
* * was the * of the * institutions, and in the first of the * * *" a course of about *, was the only *; * * * *" * * * * * that of the *, was introduced, *, * * * as well as * * * * * races and the * * * * *, which were so * * * * * * * * duties of a *. Among the * * * * * *, * * * * in the course; *, * * * * * *; * *, * * * the Great, who in * * * * between the * * * * *, a distance * *. * * of the * * * *, * * * * * to the * * * * * at their *. In the * * * * * * * *) * * in less than * *.
It is said * *, * * the fire necessary for the * which were to replace * which the * *, that he * a thousand * * *) * * at the end of his *. * * * * * the extraordinary * of the * of their * * of an * * * * * *) * * *. * * * a child * * * * *.
In the Middle Ages the * * * of almost * * * *. It is said that the distance some of * * * * * * *, and that * common for them to make the round * * * *, a distance of *, in two days. * * * *, and by * * the soles of * * transformed into a * consistency. In the * in the * of the rich there were * * * * and were known as *" who could * a very long time without apparent *. * * * * * *, * * * *" * * * * * * * * * * * *.
In the * times the * * * * * *, * * * * and training, * to traverse * * without apparent * is an * of a * living in a * * * *, * * * * * * to carry * to that *. The next * when he * * * * sleeping in his *. * * * *, * * * * a response to the letter. He had * * during the *. It is said that one of the * * * * * for a great * * that one * * pieces of his * * *. * * * in great * to another * in his *, * *, and returned in two * with the *, * * a distance of over *. It is * that a * * a letter to a * * with the * * * * * * *. There is little doubt of the * * * * * out any *. * * * * * * * * * the animals * * *.
At the present time in this country * * * examples of * * * *. * * *, * * the heart of the * * *, are probably the * * * in the world. Their name in * of the * * * *; * * little doubt that they perform * * which equal * in the days of the * *. They are * * of the * * among the * * * * of this *. There is an account of one of * who was * * * * * * * * *, a distance of * of as rough, * * * * * * lungs and limbs. * *, with almost no *, this man * * * day, and, * on his back a * * *, * * and easily * * *, from time * * * * as though *, and then * * to smoke * *. * * * * *, giving the impression of being above the *. There is scarcely any * on their * *, * * are as muscular as those of a *. In short * have the * * *, * * * * * *. * * * * * * * * *.
*" * * * * *, * on the * * * *, * * * * *, the name *" having been given to * * * * *. He was born on the * in 1828.
In * * * *, * * * * * *. * *, * * * * * * * * *, * * in one * * and two * * *, both of which have * * * ever since.
* *, at the present day, the popular method of *, both in * and in * *, is the *, * like a *- *, known to * * *, and to the * as the *. In the * * there is estimated to be of these * * use. They are * * *, * * * * are told. * * * * * * and a * * * the license number, and the * *. In the course of a * * * * * * * * * most of his * * it into the *. In the * * he is * only two * * *, * * about his head and * about his *. It is said that when the * * * * *" prefer to travel *; * * * * * * a piece of * about each * *, * * and to give them a * *. For any of * * * * on a good * without a * * * * *. A pair of them * * * * * * * at the rate of four * an hour, and they will * * * a day. The general average of the * in a day is *. *, who has * * *, says that the majority of them * * * * * * * hypertrophy and * of the heart, and many of them suffer from * * sees a * * man, and it * to note * * he is helped by his * * * * as regards *, * * * * * grades, and show * * manner of *.
* * * * * and their usual load, which is much more difficult to * than a *. In other * *, * and other * * are still * on the * * *, * is not so long * * * * * * * * * * *.
Some of the * * * make a daily * * *. They carry in one hand * *, at the extremity * * * * * * * plates of iron, * during the course, produce a loud * designed to * * * * *. In the other hand they carry * *, with which they frequently * * * * *. It is said that a regular *, with a weight of * on his *, *, in two *, * on his neck by a *, * *, * * * * * * * which would * * but the best * *.
* *" *, * * during the past years have been * in this country and in *, * * * examples of *, * * * accomplished in a *' *. *, * *, * * * * * *, * * * * * * in one * * *. *, *, * * * * * * * *, * * * *, and presumably *, * of this *. *, *. *. * * * * *, * * * * *, * *.
For the purpose of comparison * give the best * records for *.
* *, made by * *, * *, *, * * * *, made by * *, * *, * * * *, made by *. *, * *, *, * * * * *, made by *. *. *, * * *, * *, * * * * *, made by *. *. *, * *, *, * * * * *, made by *. *, * *, * * * * *, made by * *, * *, *, * * * * * *, made by *. *. *, * *, *, * * * * * *, made by * *, * *, *, * * * * * *, made by * *, * *, *, * * * * * *, made by * * * * *, * * In instances of * *, * is only a secondary *, the remarkable * being in * * fatigue and the continuity of the exercise. * * * in a thousand * hours, and * * * * * * * weeks on * * * *. He was * * * * * years of age, and * *, and was * * *. He was in good health * *; * diet for the *- * * * pounds of * * * *, * *, * * of milk, * * * * * a glass * * *, * * * *. Strange to say, * suffered from constipation, and * a compound * *. He was examined at the end of * * *. * * * *, *, and his * *. * temperature was * *, and his * * *; * * * * * * * suffered from frontal headache and was *. During the * he had * * * *, and his * * * *.
* * * refers to * * * *, * * * *. He was not an *. * * he was * by the students of the * *, * stated that he * *; * * that it did not rest * * * *, * * *. * * * * * * * *, * * * said to have * * * * days and was * no more * * * *.
* there was a person who * * * * * * to New * in one hundred and * days. In 1809
the * * * * that he * * * in one * * hours, and * * * * hours to spare. * * * * * * * * *. He was a * *, * that he * * * * * * * * * * at ten * *, * entered the * * * * *) * * * * *. * * all over * * * as to be almost *. * in the service * * * *, he was * * * *, * * *. * traversed the distance * *, * * *) * less time than the most * *. * * * to discover the source of the *, * * * * *.
A most * feat of * is recorded in * in the first part of this *. It is said that on a * * * * * * * * two days and a * * *, over the * range of *, * * day in a *. The distance * * from a * * on the * * * *. * * * without any * *, both men * after the time of the *.
* * * * accomplished by the * * * * * with many changes of * * * to a * * * there is, in * * *, * account of the * * * * * * with intervals of only * an hour * eat and *. It is the * of the officials at the * * * that the * makes no *, and even if * he is * * * and sent to the next *. * * *, *" *, on a * * * * * * minutes and * *. He used *; * * * * minutes and * * * * *, the whole *, changes and all, * * this wonderful * * * hours and *. * * * * at the * * * * * *. It is said that a * * * * * * * * * * * in less * hours along the road * * * *. * * * * speed of the * * and the * * * *, * * equals the * * * * about an * * track and on *. * said that this wonderful * * his life in * * * * *" * a day for * *. * * excessive, and although the * was none the worse * *, * * died from the exposure *. There is a record of a *. * of the * *, * * * * * * * * * *) * * *.
As regards * physiology of the * * *, it is quite interesting to follow the effects of training on the * in a measure is explained the ability of these * * * respiratory function, * *. * * *, * * * * as to the * influence of the spleen on the ability *. * * * * believed that the spleen * * to their *, and that its * * * * * on the course. With some, this opinion * to the present day. In * there is a * * * *" To reduce the size of the spleen, * * * * *, * composition of * not generally known; the * had a similar * * * * of a plant * *, * * * taken for three days after a fast * * * * absorption of the spleen. The modern * not possess * substance having a similar *, * has been * * diminish the size of the spleen * * * *. * *, *, * are not *. * * * * * * over the spleen * * * * *. * is said to have seen in the * * * * * * had been * * *; * the same * * *) * * * * able to successfully * the spleen for those * to be *. This operation we know to be one of * * in modern surgery, and as we are * * * knowledge of the spleen we see nothing to * * * * regard to its relations to * *.
* instances of * that we see in the aquatic * are equally * * as those that we find * * * *. In the ancient days the *, * * * islands and being in a mild *, * for their * * *. * * * * * among the inhabitants of *. * * * across the * are well * * * *, but this * has been * * * *, and is hardly to be classed as *. * that the * * * *; and all * * about the borders of * are found * * * * * * *.
* * * * * * * * * *. * * * * * *, but his * * * * * * *. He was * and very *, * * * on his way to the *. On getting * * * * * *. and his * normal. In five * * *, * * rising to * *. * * he was * from the salt water in his * * * * against his *. * * * * reports that he was *, and after a good * * * the worse for the task. In * * * * with the * issue. In * * * * * * * * * *, * * this was overcome by the powerful *, * * was not recovered for some days after. The passage * * * has been duplicated.
* *, * *, * * * * * * * in less than * hours. In * * * * * * * * *, having no current * contend with and no point to * * merely a feat of * in the water. In * *, *, * * * a day over a * * * *, * *. Since the time of * *, * * * of modern * *, * * * and some have * * *; but these * have in late years been *, and many of * * are forbidden by law.
* * * * have been * from the earliest time. By the aid of * * * * * *, the old * * * *. * * * * * * the incredible distance of *, and we have the authority of * * * * * * *. In the * of many * * * * * * of about * by the * they are true, the modern * * * *. * of over * * is considered * *, * * * * * with weights, * * * * *, * much greater distances have been * the aid of *, * * * approximation to * * * of all these * are the *, * * over several * arranged in a row. * are not only the most * * of a modern * also the most interesting as well. The * of these * marvelous, and the force with which they * * * * * * them to defy *. * *, * * * one may * * * * * at the capabilities of human * *.
* *, M. F. *, * * *, * * * in New * * * * * * * * * * * *. With weights, *. * * * *, *, * * * * *. The record for the * * * * * * *, a marvelous *, made by *. *. * * * *, * * * * development and * has been a * means of natural selection in the human species. As *, * * times, when * * had to * *, * *, and their neighbors, and when * * * * * * *, the strong * * and the * *. * natural selection * * * to our day; during the long succession *, the chief or the master was selected * account of * the strongest, or the most * in the *, * *, the members of the *, * who were noted for their * * strength, and to * given the * of the *. Even in * * * of war, * * * * settled by * *. This fact is seen in the present * among the *, who in their natural state live in *; * * * the strongest, * *, and the most *.
The strong men of all times * * * * of their * and have * * * of popular *. * * * * * * of the * * * his youth *, * *, * * *; * * of an * he is said to have * * * the rest * *. At another time during the * * from the * * * * * * * on the top of a mountain. * * *, * * into the hands of his * * employed in the * *. * old and * he was attached to the * * * to serve as an object of public *; * * * * * * *, * * * *.
In the * * we find a great number of *, * for their * * strength and *. * * have received the name of *; but the most common * is the hero who was * to be the * * * *. He was endowed with * * by his * * * * * * * *. In his * * with his * * * which were sent to *. * * * * are innumerable. He was said to * armed with a massive *, which only he was able to * most famous of his * were the * *, * * readers of * are familiar. *, * to the * * * as well as *, * *, and was equivalent to the *. * * had a *, who, in addition * * * attributed to *, had an *.
* late as the * *, and in a most * * * *, * has given us the history *, and even to this day, in some *, * * of stones which are believed by * people to * * about by * in his *. In their * * * * speak of *, and in * * * * * strength. In the * * *, *, * * * * (who has made * * of the literature on this subject and to whom * * * for much *, there was found * * *, a native of a * * *, * * * * strength. In his history of * * of this *. * *, * * *, * * * * *; * in the * * *, * * * * *" by striking * against a *, making a breach, * * called the * * *" Three years before *, on his * * *, *, * *, * said to have * to his * * * * more than *. * * *, * *" who lived in was noted for * * *. When he * * * *, * against the * could find no one able to * *. * * * * break a * with his hands, and could * * * * tail and * * * * *. More than * he was * * * * * on his *. * * there was, in the last century, a Major * * * * limb of a * and fracture * *. * * tale of his * an iron *, in a * *, * it under * *.
To the * * * * * * *; even in his youth, * but a simple *, * *, * * given by *, of the most * *, * * * * * * *. It is * * * was the origin of his *. * * persons in history endowed with * * * *" * * *; * * *, *" Count of *; * *, * * * *" * * *; *, * * * *, * * *; * * *; * * *; *; * * *; * * * * * * * *, * *.
* * to the * * *, we have a man by the name of *, born in *, and who * * * * *" He was * * *, * * * * *. He was observed by the * * * * *) in the * of the *, * at that time was interested in the * * strength and *. * * * * of this new * were more due to * *. One day, accompanied by two of his *, * * * * *, * * some of * * * his performance by a * to the *. One of his * was to resist the strength of five * * or of two *. * * that this * due to the position *. * person would * * * * *, and bear a heavy * on his * * * * head and two * on two *. * * * * * * * * a piece of * attached to *.
A little * * * an individual * * * * *, * * * * in his * and was not * * that the * * *, * * * the results of abnormal * *. He was * years old, * * * * in height and *, and his * well developed, the * * under the skin. * * * the art * * *, and some of his * * * * * positions. In the * * * the force of several * * * no knowledge of the principles of physics, like that * *, *, * on the ground and * * * * *, he was able to resist * * * * *; when he * the same * * * * * * * * * about the knees. * *, * * * taken the * * * * *, * could have * not only two, * *. * * *, with the aid of a * * * *, * * * * full of water, * *. If he had utilized the force of his limbs and *, like the *, he would have been able to perform * * *. With his * * * * * * * * * a table * * * *, * * of which he would * * *. Two of the feet * * * * on his *. * * * * * *. *, one part of which was attached to a * and the * * * * * * *. He was able to carry * * * * * *, about twice the weight * man is considered able to *.
* * * * * man who lived in * in the last *, but he was not an *, * *. He was a * on the banks of the *, * * to carry * of wheat and * from the * * *. It was said that when one of his * *, and could not provide support for * wife and * * * *, * twice the load. * * * * of wheat, and with it execute the * * *, and with as * *. He became * * *, *, * * *, * * * powers of *, * * * after a *. * * * * * accustomed to * and carry * * * * * * * * to mount * with them. *, * * * * * with three *, and on one * to carry four, and resisted this * * * * * * * *.
* * since there was a female * who would * on her hands and knees under a * * * *, * * * with her body, she would * * off the * * * the wheels while in the air to prove * * clear from the ground.
* * that one of the most remarkable of all the men noted for their * was a * living in * * *, known as * * * *, * * * * in the *, one day * * * * that had * * * * * * by the * * * * * *. * * he would lie on his * and allow * to get on his *; with this human * he would rise to * *. One of * * * was to get * * loaded with * and, forming an * with his *, * * the ground, * little by * he would * * *, * * * * * *. * * * * * * * * *. * * * with the task of placing a heavy * * *, * * *, * * *, but the blood * * mouth and *, and he *, * at last. * * * * an analogue to that of the *, *, who was * the victim of too * in his * force, and who died crushed by * that he * to maintain. * * * * development of an individual noted for * * *, and who * * * *.
In recent years we have had * *, * * * * * *; *, a recent *, * *, * *, who, in addition to * strength and control over * *, is a * *. * * an excellent * * * * "arrangement of the muscular * * * * and abdominal regions, and in a * * * * * * * * * * * in time with *, * * * * * * * * * * show the * * * * * *.
* *, * * * * in the * * * *, surprised the whole * * * * * *. One of his * was to add a * to a common * * * * * in the *) and then * it with his * * * * * * it, the music * * by a * in the middle of the * *. One day * * in which this * * * * *, * picked up a large * * with his * * * * * * nearly a minute. * * from the * *, * and his * * * *" * *, have formed * and are now * * *, * * * * * * *. * * * * had a * * made of * *, which is * one of their * * *. * * has two * acting as one and * * * * * * * *, * * *, * * * * * * * * * and a * loaded with a * * * * * * *.
It is said that * *, known as *" a New * *, * * * with his hands and * * with his *. This man is * * * tall and * *. * * * is 40
inches, * * *, that of his * *, * the wrist the thigh and the calf * One of the strongest of the "strong *" * * *, * *, * * with her husband. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *, on each side of which a person is *.
* *, * * * *" * * * * hands and feet, * *, while a * *, * * * for her *, is fixed * * *, * * by means of a * * * * * on the * side of the *. * * * is then placed on the * by four *; * * * * and plays while the "strong * * * * * * * half a *.
Strength of the * are some persons who * * power of the jaw. In the curious * * * * at the *, it was found that * * * * * * * * * at a point corresponding to the insertion of the * * *; a dog * * * * * * *.
It is quite possible that in animals like the * * * the force * * * *. * * * * break a * with their teeth, and * * * * * has a * * *. * * is said to exert a force of * * * * teeth, and some individuals * * * as much as
100 *. * * * * * found a * * exert a force of * with his *.
In several * * there have been seen women who * * by a * between their * while they are * up to a * * distance from the ground. * * * by the name of * *" * in the * * *; * from a *, * * a man * end of a * * * * teeth, and even * to be * round and round.
* * * * * in her * * it was *. * * has been done by several *. According to *, * * while a man * *, called "the *" * * * *, * *, which was * * long and * * *, * * * of the *.
There was * * * *, * with his * * * * a heavy * of water on which was * a man * *, according to the size of his *, * * * * * * * with other *. * represents a * * * * * * * * on which are * * *. * * *, * * of the *, * * * * *, * *, * * * *, * * * *. * * had enormous * hand and *. * * * * * * into the * a goblet. * challenged by a *, * seized the hand * * * in the ordinary manner of * * all the bones of the fingers, * * * * trial of *.
It is said that * * * * * * * to have * * *, * seeing no * * he took a * *, and with his * * it into a *. * * * * * * with their * *. There are stories of a man living in * * * who received the * * * *" *. He would * * function as a * * with his * * calves and *, * * them in the ordinary *. It is said that one day, * * hands on the * of the strong * of a *, * * * * by the pressure exerted by his *.
* * is a * crime and is quite popular in some countries. The * * * * * * in this way. * * * * exerted by * * as to completely fracture the *.
* * * * * strength of the * we must * * * the numerous * *. A man * * * * * *, * that he is able to break it with the force * * by a * from the hand *, although a man * * would try * *. In most of these instances, * * to take a piece of the * *, he would * a slight * of the * would break *. *, * * instances in which the stone has been found * and fixed * * *, * * out of * of an * man to break, but which the * * * *. This has been the solution of the * many of the individuals who * persons to send * * to use at their *. * * * * on the hands, it is * * * it is broken, * are many devices and * * * the public, * * are more or less used by * *.
The recent * * * * * * * * in the last decade are as *.
* * *, done by *. *. *, * *, * *, * * *, *, * * *. *, * * * * * *, * *, *, * * pounds of * with his *, arms, and legs.
*. *, in New *, * up a * * times in four * * *; * * * to raise it to the shoulder, and then * * *, *. *. *, in New *, * * * up a * * * *; * * *, *, * * * * with a *.
* * *. *. *, * * *, *. *, * made a * * * *.
* * * *. *, * *, * made the record of *.
* * *. *. *, * * *, * made the distance record of * inches; and *, * made the height record of * *.
The class of people commonly known as * by the laxity of their muscles and ligaments are able to * * * * joints. In * of an * and even in what are now called * *" * be seen individuals of this class. * * * * * *, and do what they * *" they can place their * about their * * * * *; they can * * * * * in such a manner that the back of the head * * *, while the legs are * with the * can bring the popliteal * over their shoulders and * * walk on their hands; they can * themselves in * *; * with a fork attached to a * * * their hands, and * * * remarkable and * *. * * * *, and they * * *. * * * * in their * *.
*, * * * *, is about * years of age, but seems to have lost none of his *. * * * is to * * * in a box * * *. * *, * * * * of the * and shape as those * * * * * are carefully * *, * * * *, and the * *. * * * * act the curious * * * *.
Another class of individuals are those who can either partially or completely * the major * of the body. * * * capacity in their *. * * * *" are quite common.
* *, * * *, has been examined by several medical men of * * descriptions of * * from time to time in * * *. * * but a child he was constantly * *, due to the * * * * from the *, * * * *. * * years old * * * * * * * *, and was called by the * * * * *" * * * * *, * *, * * * * act in concert *.
* * * * * single action the *, * * *, the radial *, * * *, * * *. When he *" * * * *, *, * * * * itself as a tight * from the front of the iliac * to the inner * * *. * * was to leave * that part of * * which is attached to the inferior * * * * * * * contraction in the * * * * * so that the lower angles of * * * * the appearance * * * of the *.
* * * * on surgical * and had * been a close * * * * * * * *. He was * so to contract * * that the aorta could be * * * *. In this * nearly all the abdominal contents * beneath the diaphragm. On the other hand, * * * * * tumor by driving the * * * within a peculiar * of the * * *. The "growth" was *, * * *, * * if an exploratory * * * would be * *.
By extraordinary * power and extreme laxity of his *, * * all the * about the hip * * * * *, * * * * * * * * * as to * in the closest * *. * * * the various forms of * such a way as to * an expert. * * * * in the body with great *. It was said that he * at will * * of the *. * * * * * inches and expand it to *.
* * *, was a total *, and was the father of two *, both of whom * * * *.
* * * there was shown a man who was called * *" * * *. He had an exceptional * * *. Even those * * * * * at will. * could produce * rigidity of * * * by a * on his * * as though on a block *. By his * * * * * * * * * *, from the portly * to the * * student, and he was * * * * * of a "living *" *, * * *, * *, * said that he * shut off * from the right side and then from the left side of *, * * * ascribed to * * *.
* * appeared in *, * * at the * * and at the * *, a man *, * * reside in *, *, who made * * * * * * over the country. * all the *, claiming that they were * * * to produce and reduce *. * * * knowledge of the pathology of * and of * of the *. * produced the different forms *, as well as all the major *. * as to the cause of his * * * * out like * * * under the skin and * with venous * on the leg, * * * * were caused by his * * * * * the hip * * * *, which in some large * repeated several times a day.
* * * question of the * of pain is, necessarily, one of comparison. There is little doubt that in * * * * of pain * felt in a much less * in those of a highly * and nervous * * eliminate the element of *, * * * * * *, the result of general * * * this distinction. There are many * * a marked influence on *. *, *, * *, together with * and natural * the power of the * over the body. The * * prisoners of war, * * * *, * * of a strong * * * * * over the * pain. The *, persons who * * * * * themselves to the point of *, * examples of persons who in * * * * themselves. In the ancient times in * * * * * * from which they could * under the * of the Juggernaut, and their * * * * of their * into a * to the reports of her * *, there are * * time in * * * * * * * * placed in the * between the *, * * * * without the least * * of pain. In * * * pierce the lips and cheeks with long * * the tongue with a hot iron. From a reliable * * have an account of a man * * * * as a * * * * * * * for the greater * each day, * the fingers * on the palms. * * time the nails * * * * * * * of the hands, making their * on the dorsal * are many * * * * calling for the * of pain on the participants which have been * time to time by *. * * * * their lives in the * of their *.
By means of * * * * *, in the * * * *, * * into an * * * * * seem to be * even to severe * * * * * * into their *, *, * * without apparent pain or injury *. * * * they are rendered * * * * *.
* * * * of the * * contained the following * description of the * * *.
"The center of the court was given up to the *. These were * *, * old and some *, * * in an irregular * on the floor. * * * * * * * *, which they * * * *. In front of them a * * * * *, and into it one of them from time to time * * * sort of *, * * * the place with * smoke and a mildly * *.
"For a long * * a long * * on with nothing to break the * but the * * * *. *, however, this had become *, and now * and almost *, and the men began a monotonous * * was increased * *. * one of the * himself with a * to the ground, when he was * *, * * * of part of his * and led * * of the fire. *, while the * of the * * * of the men * more and more *, * * * * * * *, * * the ground * * *, * * * * until it * * * * * it from his *. All at once * * * * * * * of iron, and with a * * *, * * * * * *, * * * * * *. * than ever * * * body and * * *, * * * * up to a * * *, * * * * * several times over the * of each * * * * * with his *. * * * * * from the fire, and, placing * * * * it by his * into a white *. * * * * * * * * * * * scattered on * after which he * * place with the rest. * * * with a * * *, * * to his * * again the same * *, in the midst * * * from the fire an iron * with a * * *, and after * one of his * * * * * * * *, * * * point in * *, which was * * out on his *. It was * * * moment when it was withdrawn, the eye released, and then * a few * with the * end of the *.
* * all the time had been * *, and the men * * * * *, * * * * *. Again a * to his * * * through the same * *. * * * * from the fire a sharp * and, with * of the * * common to this region, * a series of * * * * * down into * of his *, where it * * *, * * * * until it was * out with * and with a hollow * by one of the other men.
"The performance * * * *, and, with short * and always in the same manner, the * * * * up a glass *, which he * * * in his hands and then * * with his *. * produced from a * * a live *, * * * * * * *, and was * allowed to attach * the back of his hand and his face, and was finally * * mouth, where it * * from the inside of his * was finally * * *. * * * * * after the usual * it was * by the same * * * given the * * * * * back and * * * * * * * * in the *. * * * * * * * * * *, and while * * held the * upward, by the * and another by the point, about which * had been *, * * * * it with his * and then * * * it on his * * * * of the * * upon his * he had * without any attempt to * * * the action. With more * * *, * * from the fire * * *, some of which he * the inner side of his * and others * * * * *, where they were * for a while to hang.
"The last of the * in this * * was a * man with a * *, * * * * * * * * which he was bound to perform, and the * of it, I have no doubt, was particularly *. * * a handful of *, and, having * the whole upper part * *, * * * at the * and then * * * * * chest and body and over * * *. This was but a preliminary, * * * began to * * * * * * * * * *. * * * * * and the * * * * * * had become *, * * * * *, and now and then * * * * * * * of an animal. * could only * to the * of which he * * * * * * * * * with a vicious * into the * * *, where it was left to hang. A moment * * * * again, and, * up the piece of stone * *, * it with a series of * * into a new * * *, * the skin * with its *, * * * * out and the * * in a * on the floor."
* it is only through the intervention of the United States * that some of the * * of the * * * *. * episode of the * * in every *. Instances of *, * this subject, will be discussed * length in *.
* * * * * the most * *. * pressure is generally of little *, *, *, and even * * * * * *. It is reported that in the * * *. * * * * to the *, * * for several hours * * * signs of * * * * the moment * * * *. * * *.
* * * * * *, *, capable of emulating the * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * of the * *, * * to reveal * place of his * even when * * * * * *.
* * *, suspected of * * *, * * * * *, * * * * by his * and to have been * * * paralysis of the lower extremities. * * * * * * manner, and his * * * *, * * known to have * * ability to procure * * or other. One of his * * * also seen * * * * * on his * (to procure * *, and on the whole * * * * * * * *. All the surgeons who had * * in that *, and the case was finally * * * *, * *. * * * to a field hospital in a little * * * * for a * of weeks, during which he had been * * * * in his *. Still, the * * * * * * * changes of * might not * effected by a movement of the whole body. The * * * *, * *, in a * * *, * a surgeon, who actually * the feet of the * * * *" but even * * * * * * *, and he was compelled to * from the service.
* * * *, *, was a mere * compared with the * by which the * * * * * * * * * of the * *, *. *, a native * *, had been * as an *, and returning * * * an attempt upon the * * *, * * * * * * * *, but merely * * *. *, who had * * * * * * *, where a * * * * * * in the attempt * * * implicating the *, * * *, *. * * * to speak. * * * * inability to name * who did not exist, * * to his resolution of absolute *. * * * skin by *, * * * * * *, * * * about at the end of a * to a * * * *, * * * * * * * acids and * *, * * * * * * * * * * the conclusion * *.
The apparent * to the pain of a major operation is sometimes marvelous, and there are many * * *. * at the battle * * * *, * * * *, * * * * * * *, * did not * * *, * asked for * * * * while a surgeon * one of *. In a short time * * * * * * * * * * * *, * *. In the * way the heroic * * * * *, * * * * *.
* records a case in which during an amputation of the leg not a * * from the * *, and in three * it was found necessary to * the other *, * endured the * without an *, * * of pain, and only * that he * * * * * *. * * another case, in which the patient * * with one hand while the operator * * * * * *. * instances of * * * mentioned in * *.
* * * * to the foregoing * are those cases in which such influences *, * * *, * * make the slightest * * *. * of these instances the state of the mind and * time of * have a marked *. * noted for * * * have been * * fear of pain. * *, a man * * * * * *, could not even bear the touch * * to his * *. The authors know of an * * * who had * * by his ability to * and his * * in his *, * * from the * of a small * on his *.
* * of pain to shock has been noticed by many *. Before the days of *, such cases as the * * * * *, seem to have been not unusual: * *, a man of middle age and * *, * * for several days from a * *, * * * of wood beneath the thumb. A few seconds after * * * by an *, * * * * * * effort from his * and instantly *.
It is a * fact that * *, such as * shock, is *, and this accounts for the fact * * * * are not *.
* * * * to his class at the * * a number of * women with a * desire for * * *. * * do not seem to *, and, on the contrary, appear to have * * *. * *, * showed a young * * * * * * suffered a serious fracture of the * the facial artery, and * * * *. The facial * * * had to be * * of the inferior * *, but the patient * having the operations performed without an *, * * the operator that she had * * throughout the whole *.
* as a Means of Sexual * is a form of sexual * in which the * * * * * * *, *, and cruel acts on the part of his * *. It was named * * *, * *, * * describe this form of * * are said to experience * * at the * * * who has obtained * favor of their *, * * * * * * from the * with a * of pain and *. * corresponds to * * *, and is the opposite of *, * * pleasure is derived from * * on the object *. * * * instances of *.
Although the * * frenzy of * are well known, * * are not derived from the pain but by the * offered to the * * by the *. * of the * * *, * * * * * * *, * * * on the naked *, * * * * * * *, * * * * * as a * *. It is * * * * * was being * * * * with her * and would * out in the * of the * * *.
There is undoubtedly * * communication between the * nerves of the skin of the * and the lower * the spinal cord which contains the * *. * cases of *, * *, * * *, * * * * of the * with the genitalia and pelvic * * *. * is the authority for the statement that * * * * * sometimes have * * * until the blood flows in order to stimulate * * *. *, *, and other * * individuals in whom * * * * * *. As a * * * * to the present * by some *.
Before leaving the subject of * it should be stated that among the serious * of this practice * * *, * *, severe hemorrhage, and * * *. There are many cases of death from * * *. * records the death of a * *; * * reported a similar case, and there * death from the same * cited in the * * * * * * * is a * * * * an individual is affected by external agents in a different * *. * * * as the predominance of *, of a viscus, or a system of organs. This definition * * grasp the subject. * * * * in the organization of the individual, of which we * * * * * causes are set in *. * * attempt to explain the susceptibility of certain * * * and certain *. We know that such is *. According to * *, there is scarcely any * * * *, * from what * to be sound reasoning, based on the physiology of *, a very * * *.
* may be congenital, *, or acquired, and, if *, may be only *. *, purely of *, are often * *. One individual may * * * of the digestive, *, * *. * examples of * * * are seen in pregnant women.
There are certain * * that in reality * *, and which are due to peculiarities of the * * *. The organ of sense in question * * that takes * of the image brought to it are in * *. In some cases the * or the * to such an extent as to be in itself a species *. * *, * *" as they are * examples of this class, and, belonging * * * derangements, the same as * *, will be * of in another *.
Possibly the most * * under which to group the material on this subject collected from * * * * * in which, although the effect is *, the sense * * and the cause * * known, and those in which * * *. * class includes all the peculiar * * * * through the special *, while the latter * * * instances in which, without the * on the part of the subject, a certain * * * *, produces an * *.
The first examples of * to be noticed will be those * through the sense of *. On the authority *, * * * * in the nomenclature of * of the liver, * * an extraordinary case in * *, * *, who could not * * * * *. This is confirmed * personal observation by *, *, who adds that the Cardinal * * * * * * * during the * *, * * * at the * of his * to stop * * * * * * * *. It is, of course, * in this case the * may not have caused the * as it is distinctly stated that it was the * to which * *, we may * conclude that * * * simply a manifestation of * * by the * is also an instance of a noble * who was * to his * during the * *. However, in * * * * * * * * was a * * *, that she * * * * * on one * * *. * records the description * woman who * before a red *, * * * * * * * in her *. * * * who died of the * of a rose from what might be * *.
The organ of * is in intimate * with the brain and the organs of taste and *; and its action may thus * * the esophagus, the stomach, the diaphragm, the intestines, * of generation, *. * * * *, *, nausea, vomiting, and sometimes *. * * that the *, and some classes who eat * *, * * * by the * * *, and for this reason they are incapable of * * *.
* * * a person who * from the * * *. * * contains an instance of a * * * from the * of a *. * * a man * * * by the * * * * *. * * *, *, and fat * * * * *. * * * fact that * * * * of blood.
*, the father of *, * a woman in whom the * * * * *. * * * * * * affected with * * exposed to the * *, but who * * * taking a * * * * a man who could not * * * *. * * a man in whom the slightest * * * * followed by *. * * * of a * * who could * bear the * * of an * *. There is an * on record * * * coming from a * * * *. * * that one of the * * * * * forced to * * * * * * * on the table. * * if one * * * * * * says that the * * * * * had a similar * * * *. * * * * * * * not bear the * * *, the slightest * * she would * by its *. * * almost entirely *. * * * * to the * * *, * is a case on record in which it * * * * that the * * * * *. * * * instance in which * * to a woman each time * *, * * * * changed to almost * * for tobacco * * * instance of * caused by the * *, and there is also a record of a person who * at the * * *. * had a patient * * * * *. * of this *, * * * in which there was * * *, * * * *. As soon as the patient took the * he became * * and much *, and this * * * * * * *. There is * case of a young woman, * *, otherwise normal, * experienced a * to go to * after being * * * * sufficient to * *.
It has already been * * individuals and animals have their * *, certain of which are very * * * * * * to others. * persons are not
able to * * * from cats, *, *, *, * * * of one of these animals being in their vicinity * * * * *. *. *, * * *, was not able to * * * * *. *, * * * * * * *, * * to tolerate * * of a *. * * * * of a little * * * *. * * a similar *, * caused by the * *. * * * * * to the * * *, * according to * * * * * of old people, not * to others, * * * at a distance of ten or * *. * * an extreme * * *. According to *, * a man who was unable to remain in a room * *, * * * to the female *. * as it may * individuals are incapable of * * * * * * * sense of * * very acute, but he was unable to perceive * * * *.
* * * come to * through the sense of * * * * * *, but even in * we see * examples of * * * * * * *. In some individuals the * * * differ from those of the other. * * * * *, * * * * * * *, one of whom * * in the affected * * *, * * * lower than in the other * * * * * * * higher in * *. * * * * * a case in * the subject heard the * of a *, * * * * * * *. * * seen a young man * * headache and febrile * * * * * * from a * *. * * * an infant * * * * * established by the * * *. * contains an account of a young man * * and had the sense of * when he * * made by *. * * of a young * * * when she heard the * * * *. *, * * *, could not * * * he had to * of water * * *. * * of the Court * * * * * when he * * * * * * * could not * * * * *, * * * * * * * * * * *. It is said that a * * * had a * * * at the top of his * * * * * * * * and certain * of the * was an * * who could not * his own * * * thrown into *. * *, * * * *, * * * the words * * *" such a * * * * to death *. According to *, * * * * * *" * * pertaining to * * says that a certain * had the greatest * the sound of the * at night, although it * * * *. * * * * in whom * * was produced by the sound of a *. *, * * speak of a man in whom the same * was produced * * of a *. * * * * * of the sound * *. * * a case in * * * convulsions, and * * * who had * at the sound of a * * to those used by children in *. * * * * * * in a woman. * * * * * at the sound of a *. * * * * * caused by music, and * * * from the same *. Many people are unable * * * caused by the * of a * on a *, * of a saw, the * of a wheel * about an *, * of pieces of paper together, and certain * * * find the * * * * *, * *, * *, are unable to * it. In * younger the slightest * * were sufficient * * * *. There was a certain * * who was * of the music of the * * *, * * able to * to the sound of a * * * * a man who * out of * at the beginning of * of an organ, not being able to tolerate *. * * * * producing any *. * * * * to produce * in females. * says that * * * * *. * * * * * of sleep produced by * *. * a young person who during a whole * * * * * *, during which time * could not * *.
* * * * of a loud * * * * to such an extent as to * *. There are * people who are particularly susceptible to *. * * * * * * * in a faint * heard the words of the * * on the * was a * * in the * * *, a good and * *, who would * * * * the word *" *. It was said that he * the ravages of this *.
The therapeutic value of * has long been known. For * * have been led to battle to the * * *. * * * * * * with his * in his * * * * * * * *.
* * * * * *, * *.
Or, as * * * *.
* *, * * *, *, * *.
*, of our * * *, the healing *, *.
*, *, *, * * say that * * *, * *, * * * *, *. *, *, *, * * * the efficacy * * *, *, *, the bites * *, *. There is a case in the * of a patient * who was cured in the paroxysm * * * * *. Before the * * * * * * * there was an instance of a * * * fever and in a condition of delirium, * * * and health * * * *. There is * of the therapeutic value of *, but particularly * * its value in instances of *. * * * * * *, and it is * a stimulant * * *. *, *, *, * * * to stimulate them in their *, and it is said * * * * * on the * * * *.
According to the * * *, * * * * * has been * * * * * man and other animals. The subject is * means a new one. In recent * * * * * the effect of * upon the *, *, and the muscular system in man. * * * of the * * *, and found that if the fingers * *, either by voluntary * or by *, to the point of being incapable of making * * * * * on the * *, * * * of making the fatigue *, and the finger * * * * * to mark lines of different * to the amount of *. It was also found * of a sad and * * had the opposite * * * or entirely inhibit the *. * does not * to give any * * * *, but he * to the view that * *, * * * * * * * in relation to the music * to the * * *, * * * * along the * *, * * along the * * * *' * * showed that * * capable of increasing * * * acid by per cent, and of * consumption of oxygen by per cent. It was * * * * the functional activity of the * * * as the result of these * * * * * regarded as a serious * * that it * * * and considerable * * functions of the body. Facts of this kind are in no *, and are chiefly of interest * * * basis for phenomena that are sufficiently * influence of the * upon the * is known * * *. We are accustomed to * * * * * * case of * * * *.
* * * prefers to * * * as being * upon the same *, *, that of *; * we know the difference between mind and body, and * of their interaction, it is obviously * * this view *. From the immediately * * * we should not ignore the possible value of * * states of disease. In * * * * * capable of being used with benefit, and it is * in mind * dealing with *. * * * forget that the * * * * * as a * * * * * *. * is certainly a * to the * habit of * *, which is often a * both of the * * * * *. It would seem * preferable to * to music of a * * * *.
* of the visual organs are generally quite rare. It is * that among some of the lower animals, *, *, *, and elephants, the color * *. * * * * a young * who had * if he * * *. Certain individuals * when they look for a long time * * * *, as, for examples, in *. Many of the * * * of color are nothing more * * *, which in those * *. * * a woman who in her * * at the sight of *, although in her * * managed to conquer this *, * * * * eat the * in question. One of the most * * * on record is that of a student * * of his * by the very sight of an old *. * * he was * out from a party in a * *, presumably, by the * aspect of the * * * * * * * at the sight of * *. * * * by a * * * * * of this * placed in his * * * * *. It is common to see persons who * at the * *. * are the individuals who * * * * *.
* * * * could not make * * * sight of a spider, * he had no * * * *, *, *. * * a man who * at the sight of *, and another who had * at the sight of a * is a record of a young * * * * * * * * *. * * the case of a man who * * * * * a spider. * * * was made, * * *. When he *, * * * * * *, and the * * was placed in his * * *, * * the living * * * *. * * relates the case of a * * when he * * *, and never * * * * * was in *. *, the great *, * * * * a considerable portion of his life, * * could not look on a * * *, *: *, * * not only iron, but even * in two * (in one of which * *) was the only * did not * of the food * * * * * *, * with such a * * at the sight of * * * * forced to go *" One of his children * the same * as regards * * *, * * * of one of his * * * * * of a *. *, a great * * *, * at the sight of a * *. Some individuals have * at the sight of eggs. There is an account of a * who was * at the sight of a *, and for * * * by a * as though one * * * *. According to *, * *, * * * a person * * *, * at the sight of *. * * * * * * *, although a * not produce the same *. * * of a man * at the sight of *. * * contains an * a person who * * * at the sight of a crab, * * cases of * * *, a white *, * *, and to a *. * * of an * * * in his * * * * * to the *. It is a strange fact that the three * * * *, *, *, * *, * * * sight of a *, * * * * * * * * animal in his *. We learn of a * * * who had a * * *. He was asked to a * *, by way of a practical *, a live * * * * * in a covered *. * * began to sweat and * * *, and when the * was shown * * * in a * * *. * * could not even * * * even in a picture * * into a * * * a sense of * about the heart. * * * * at the sight of *. * * * to be in * fear of a *.
As to * of the sense of *, it is well known that some people * * * * * * * skin of * without having * * * * * *. * * a man who * the moment * * *, and many people, * * * of this *, * * * it. The * * of a * of skin in the axilla of a certain *, * * * * *. It is occasionally stated in * * that some persons have an * * * phases of the sun * *. * * of a woman * * * * and did not * * * * the horizon. * * * *, * *, was very delicate, and was accustomed to fall into a * * * at every * without any * *. * * recovered from his * * * *.
Nothing is more common than the * * * * * for certain foods. The * *, "What is one * is another * *" is a * *, * * * hundreds of instances. Many people are unable * * * * * *. * the causes of * * *, *, and other *, *, *, and other *. * * * on this subject * * * * * impossible, and only a few of the prominent and * can be *.
* * * * vomiting and diarrhea * each time a certain * * *. * * a person who * * * * * *. * * of one of the * * * * immediately after the ingestion of * * *. * * * a person * * * that by a plaster of this * * the skin * * * was produced. * * * who was made * by the slightest bit of *. * * in one of his * after the ingestion * * amount of *. * * a similar * * * * produced in a woman by the slightest * * * * *. There is also * a person * * * produced the same *. * * * in which * * * or applied * * *. It is said that the * * * * * * * half a dozen *. * * * a child * * * *, and this was the * result of the * * *. The authors * know of a family the * of which for several generations could not * * symptoms of poisoning. The female * * from the *. A little * of this * killed by eating a single *. * * a woman * * * * * of the * in whom * * of digestion * *, * * followed by *. * describes a man * * * * *. * * * * * a most * dose of * had the same * * of a woman who * had a * * a small quantity of *. According to * people are unable to wash their * * account of *. According to *, * * of a * * * skin of one of his * * * *.
* says that *, wife of *, * * *, * such an * * * that she could not carry it to * * *. * * * was not able to * * convulsions and vomiting. It is said that * * * by the ingestion of fish; but this same * was cured of a * * *, * * * * * on the *. There is a record of a person who * * * without a * * * * * *. * * * a young man who could not * * without his * swelling and * * appearing on *. * * a person in whom the ingestion of * was often followed by *. * * seen a case * vomiting and * after the slightest bit of *. * * * person was induced to * a small * * on the statement that it contained no egg, and, * * the words of his *, * * * *, due to the trace of egg that was * * *. A letter from a * * * * * gives a striking example of the * * * through four *. * from such a *, it has been * advisable to quote the account *: * * * me that you are interested in * which the * of eggs * * *, * *, * * * * *. * * * *, as well as *, could not * * * *. As to my *, he is nearly * years old; he has not * * * he was a young man; he can, therefore, give * * * account of the symptoms the * of eggs * *. But it was not the mere *' that ensued, * * immediate and * *. As for *, * was discovered when * was a * *. * * it was noticed (that is my * * * * * without apparent cause; * * * that a small part of a * of an egg had been * *. * * immediately after taking a * * *. * * * such an alarming state that * * sent for. The effect seems to have been just the * it produces * * * * * * and convulsions. From time to time, as a boy * young man, I have * an egg by way of * * *, * with the same * * * * had been * * all the while I * *. * * * * * *. * * * again, and * find the * * * off. With * * it is different; *, *, becomes more susceptible as time goes on, and the * * is more * than in my * at any time. * * has been * * * * to her, * she has * * * with her * * * * *, the face *, * * * *. * * * *: * egg in any form * within a few * * and restlessness, the throat * * *, the face *, and the veins *. * have been so severe as to suggest that * * *' To this I may add that in * and my own, the newer the egg, the worse *.
* * of a Member of * who had an * as regards *. After the ingestion of this * * * * * * attacks of * and pain * *, * * swelling of the tongue and lips * of the face. This same * could not take the * * *, and certain kinds of fruit * *. There was a collection of instances of * * * * *, which will be briefly given in * *: One patient could not * * in any * * *. From the description * * *, * * seemed to be the cause of *. On one occasion * at a * * * * * * come on, and, although he had * * * * * *, *, as usual, * * from the table. * * * * * * * with which he had * * * * * * * rice. As in the preceding case there * * who could not * * without a sense *. On one occasion he took * with a * *, * only of simple * * * * *. * * * with the usual symptoms of * * * friend of his * * *, * * * explained by the fact that a few grains of * * put into each bottle of * for the purpose of * * *. The same author * of a * treatment for * who could not * * * the most * * of the palate *. The fine * * * * caused the same * * * at the nose; it was found that * of the patient suffered from * in certain * * * a certain * * * * * * * of the tongue and *, accompanied by *" and there is recorded in the same * * * * * * in whom the ingestion of *, * *, * swelling of the tongue, * the mouth, and * of the fingers. The authors know of * in whom * is provoked on the ingestion * in any form. There was * * a member * * * suffered from * * *. * has the * of being particularly * the foregoing instance of the production of * * use is * not an uncommon *.
* * a striking case of constitutional * * * in which * * in any form, the staff of * * * * for by all * * * * and most * * * *, proved to * individual a prompt * * *. * * * * *, and he was born in *, *, about the year He was the eighth * * *, and, together with all his * * *, * * *. At the time of * * * * years of age. He had * *, * *, * * * * * * *, well formed, * *, and in all * * as any man, with * exception of his * *. He had been * * but few diseases, * he was attacked by * * From the history of his parents and an * the health of his *, * could be found * establish the fact of heredity in his * * * advantage of *, *, * * * * * life, from his * to his *, * of what is * a unique * * * his own * * *: "Of two * quantities of * * *, not more than a dose of the former, * * * * * than the * *" If he * * any form or * *, in the smallest *, * * or less he would have * * over the *, accompanied by severe * * * in the * * in the stomach, and continued *, * * * ten times as * as the symptoms * * ingestion of * *. In about ten minutes after * * * * would be greatly *, * the head, face, and *, * * all parts of *, and not to be *. These symptoms * * * * * *, and only * on the * * * on the tenth. In the *, the lungs *, * *, and in * * * * *, and really * * * * this time he was confined to his * with great * to that of a person * from an asthmatic * * * of wheat * * symptoms in a *, and for this reason * could not, without suffering, * * * * * where the smallest quantity of wheat * *. * condition was the same from the earliest *, * * laid out for * when an infant at the breast, * * * *" * * * *. * * a case of constitutional * so little * * the condition of other men could not be * * * * *, and it is therefore stated that * * to the * in which he * as an honest * *. One of his * *, * * in his * * it only a *, put a small quantity of * * * * * * * * * * * *, * * * * flour, and as a consequence of the * * * * * * with his * *. It was * * * * * subjected to * * * * found on * examination of his * that he * * upon the * of a *, into which * * * a necessary *. * explanation of this * from the condition of other men, * * * * which was * * * value to any of the *. It was as follows: His father being a man * * in life, at the time of his * had no * * to make *, * his mother * *" * *. The father, being a kind * * to the * imposed by the condition of his * from one of his * neighbors a * of wheat * it to the * to be *. The mother was given * by an * delay at the *, and by the * * * * * * * * had in * * *. * *, * * * to be immediately * * * * * it, but not * as she had expected The * * * * * and made her * * * *, * * a considerable time * * *. * * * * as the cause of the * * under which * *, as no other * * * * * * *. In addition it may be stated that for * of avoiding the * * * * was in the * * * in his * and using *, * if he * * * *, * * might be near *, it was * * him as to other men.
The authors know of a case in which the * of any * * * * in a * symptoms of asthma; * * * * *.
* * * * * to various * of food that have been * from time * in the history of the human race are of * and well * some mention here. A writer * * * * * this subject with the *.
"From the days of * * * to the present time there has been not only * *, * * meats and vegetables. * * or another people have * * * * * all kinds of *, *, *, fruits, and plants. *, *, * *, * *, * *, * *, * * *, * *, * *, * *, * * *, * bear, the *, and the *, to name * * *, have been avoided as if * * * to health and *.
"As we all know, the * have long had an * * * *. On the other hand, * * was highly esteemed * * * * *. This fact is revealed by the * * * as a * bit of food. At the great * * * * * *, * * was the * * in the * * *, because the * was the * * *. * * * *' * one of * * that some of the others * * * * * * had been at the * (known as *) and had * * * * *, Those who * in another * * * * (known as *) * from certain food, and above * * *.
"Again, as we all *, mice are * * * and in some parts of *. But the ancient *, *, * * mice and would not * *. * * * * in Old *, and were not to be * * *. *, *, in some parts of *, the mouse * * * * *, and mice were * in his *. * * were forbidden to * * *, and the * * * after his *' * * * * * * *, which were to be avoided.
* people have * * * kinds of * which could not be called *. For example, the people of *, * tells us, * * *. Then, the * * * from certain *. In his * * *: * do the * * * from the * * *' In order to answer * * it is necessary to have some idea of the * * * * *' There is a stage of * which people * descent from * * * *, vegetables, and other objects. * *, which is *' * * *, * * * * * members of the * are divided into * * *, * * takes the name of some animal, plant, or object, as *, * *, * *, * *, and so * member of the * * * * * * *, * * * * * * * *. Even the * * based on this belief, and no * * * name is * * a woman * * name is also *.
"In a general way it may be said that almost all our food * * from the extraordinary * * *. *. *, who was * for many years * * * *, * describes the *: * * * * * * * why they do not * * *, * *, *' *, * is a thing to which we have *' * *, * is one of the things * * * * not to *' So it seems the word *' * people who have an * to the *' *' * who have an * to the *' * *' * who have an * to the *' * words, the members of these * refuse to * *, * *, * *, or the elephant, from which * their names.
"The survival of * to certain foods was found among people as highly * as the *, * *, * *. * a list of animals * * * * * * *. For example, in Old * the sheep could not * * *, nor the * * *, nor the * * * * * * *, nor the rat, which was * * * *. However, the people of one place had no * * * * * of another *. And this * * * *.
"Among the * * * * by the * may be mentioned * *, * *, and the *. * * * inhabitants of * * * *. According to * * * * * and the *. * * a very * *, and a * place, where * * * * *' * * * * * * * are very interesting. * named after * * were not uncommon. * * *, * *, * its ancestral plant the *. * * *, *, took a * for its *, and every member of * *, of course, to eat the * of the *. * same way as the nations of the * * *, * * * * to certain kinds of food. However, an animal * forbidden in one place * * without any * * *. * * * * * *' * *. * * *, for the * of one * * * * * with a different * * when the people of * * * on the fish *, * * of the * * * * began to * *. * * * *' * * * * * * has given rise to * *. * * is probably a * * *. That the * * not to be * * *, the mouse, and the *, were originally * * * * *, * * * * * by various * in the Old *.
* animals and plants ceased to be held * they were endowed with * * * * properties. The * * * to possess * *, especially in the * *. * * of the * * *' * *, * * * *. * it is regarded as *. * * it is said an apple must not be * * * *, as it will produce an *. But generally * *. * * it is eaten * * * *; * * (mixed with *) * * * * an apple * * * top to * * *, and upward to cure *' According to an * *, if any one who is suffering from a * * * * * * it will lead to * *. * * * * * * say that the devil * * * upon the * * * Day, and hence * * * * * * that day. On the other hand, * * * say that the devil * * * * * and makes them * * that day, * * he is said to * on the *. * * *, * *, has been invested with some *. * * that the * * * of its *, * * * * * * *. * * * used to * * come out of the *' * * * * * around the neck for sore throat. * *, * * * * with their *, * that it * * * * *. The old *, * * to learn more *.
"There is another phase to *, and that is the theory that the qualities of the * pass into the *. * refers to the habit of the * * men in * * * it should * * *, while the * * * * * eat the meat of *, *, * * * * *. * * the story of an * * * * at the time of the * * * * * * * the heart of a *, * * * * to make * *. There is a certain * * in the theory that the quality of food * affect the * *. * in his * * *' * * * tried to prove that the character of a * * * *.
* * * the absorption and the assimilation of drugs * are often noted; in fact, they are * that we can almost say that no one drug * in the * * * on different individuals. In some instances * * * such a serious aspect as to * * * in the administration of the most *. * * * * * * * * * rise to * *. * * of a * years old who was said to have been killed by the * * * * * * without inducing *; * * * * * used without the slightest * *. On the other hand, the * * * * individuals to certain drugs offers a new phase of *. There are * cases on record in * has been * in children by the ingestion of a * of a * * *. * * * * * * and long *, * * *, * * *, makes a statement in *" that with * he took as much as * * a day, and was * at one period of his life to * day for "a glass * * *, warm, and *" to use his own *, after the manner a * * for a *.
The individuality noted in the * and the ingestion of drugs is * as well as anatomic. * cases have * by all physicians. The severe * * from a * *, the acute * from the tenth of a * *, the gastric * * * * * a single dose of * * * of it. * *" is one of the most important factors *, * * of the old *, "Treat the * the disease."
* * may be either temporary or permanent, and there are many conditions that influence it. The time and place *; the degree of pathologic lesion in the * difference in the physiologic capability of individual * * * in the same body; the degree of human * absorption and resistance; the peculiar * *; the element of *, and the grade and * * *, * * * have an important * * action and tolerance of *.
It is not in the * of this work to discuss * * * * * for these individual *. * have done so, and * has devoted a whole * * subject, of which, *, * * * * made by *, and to these the * * * for further information. In the following * * * to the most common * * * *, taking the drugs * *.
* *, the effect of * acid in * * on the human system is *, * * * * *. *, according to * * gm. in two * within an hour, which was * *, vomiting, and a * of pressure and * * * * * several hours. * * * cases from the external * * * * * *. In one case the pleural cavity * * out with * per cent solution of * acid and was * * *, *, * *, erythema, and * the third day. In the second case, in a * * * * * * out a deep * of the * * * *. The autopsy revealed no change or * of the cause of death. * * * * death from the * * per cent solution of * * * out a dilated * The symptoms * * to those * * *.
In recent years the medical profession has become well aware that in its application to * it is possible for * * * * * * * and even *. In the earlier days of *, * * patients were exposed for some time to an * * * *, * * * *. * * * of severe * * a boy in whom * * had been used in * of abscesses. The same author * * * * following the * of dry * * * *. * * the death of a man * * who had * * a solution * a half ounce of *. * * * gangrene of * after the application of * * to a *. In some cases * * with a * equal to *. * * of a man who * * * * * ounce of * had been ingested, and in three * *. There is recorded * account of a man * * * killed by a solution * slightly over a * *. A half * * frequently caused death; * have been followed by * symptoms, such * * * * * to follow * * *, *, *, *, *, * *, * *. * * * * * of nearly * * * * * * * *. There was a case at the * * * * * * * after the ingestion * * of four * * * * *. * * * * describes a case which may be mentioned * of the symptoms of *. A boy, * * under the *, * operated on * *. During the few minutes occupied by the * * * under a two per cent * *, and the wound * * * * *. The day * * he was * * *, which was * * * used as an *. On the following * * were removed under the * *; * * there was *, in the * there was *, * * was detected in the urine. The * * * frequent and the temperature * * * *. * * made it impossible to * * * stomach, and, in * * * * * * * *, the boy * * * *.
* has followed the ingestion of an ounce of * hydrochloric acid. * * a man * * * * * * * * *. * * a case of * * * * hydrochloric acid. * was performed, * *.
* * * after the ingestion of a * of dilute * acid of * * am. of the acid). * * * did not * * * * * * *, * * * being the means * *.
* *, * * * of the case of a man who * the greater part of a solution containing an * * *. In a few minutes the * was found * * *, * *, and in ten * * ingestion of the drug * * * *. * * * *, and thereafter * * *.
* * of erosion of the * and tongue with hemorrhage at the slightest *, following the * of dilute * *. This was * * * * *.
According to *, the smallest quantity of * * causing death is one *. * describes a woman * * * * ounce of * acid in *. * thirty minutes * * * * pain in the stomach and was * about in * and water * * given to her * * * * * * * ounce of * *.
* acid in * * frequently causes * symptoms, such as *, * *, * *, headache, and * *; * * * * * have also been *.
* * * death from its * action, and when taken in excessive * it produces * *; however, there are * * * * * * without any * * *. There is * * * * * ounce of the strong * * * of water, saying that it * * * * * * *.
* is recorded * * * * * has caused death in a child and two * in an adult. * * cases in which * * doses of * * * *, *, *, and such * * that only the * use of * * * * death following the administration of two doses of
1 *. * * *. Preparations of * * * * * have caused *, * * *, * * has long * * the use of * * * * of the scalp. * * after ingestion of two * * * *. * a case of * * *, in which a dose of *. * * * * *, * * * of a * * * *, * *, * * like the last, in which an excessive amount of a * * * * * * * before there * of a sufficient quantity to cause death, are *. * * a case of * * * * ounce of * * * treated with * * *. * * * * * *. * *.
* sources of * * are so * as to * *. *, *, *, and the * examples. In other cases we * *, * * of a * *, * *, * * *, * made of * *, *, *, * *. * * * reported a case in which * * * after the * * * days of the *. *. * * of an eruption similar to that of * a patient to whom he had given * * drops of * for the short period of three *. * says that * * patient for whom * * *. * * *, on the third day there appeared a bright * of the face, *, upper part of the trunk and * of the joints, and an edematous condition of *. The symptoms * preceded by *, * * of the skin, and * * after the second * *, * * * nearly two months. * * * *, * * * * * them, and this time they were accompanied by * and other * authors have * * * * suspension of the * * * * * * *. * * * * the ingestion of two * * * by the * of an *. * * a case in which *. * * * * injury. The remarkable * * * is well known. * asserts that the * dose of * has been * *, * * * * in which * *. *) has caused * * of a man who * a large quantity * * *, and received no treatment for * * *. It is added that from two * * * * *. * * * *.
* * of the tolerance of *, * * * a child * * who in * * * * *; a child of ten who took * grains of * * *, or more than two * * * *; * man who took grains of the * * * *, * * * * * was extracted to kill * * and to * * *. * * * * following the * of a vaginal * * grains of the * * *. * *, such as * * * * * * *, are too well known to need * * * * grains of * * * * in five * by death, and * * * after the ingestion of three * * *. * * reported to the * the recovery of a child * years who took a solution * * * *. In some cases the * * * * * * * * follow the application of * * *. * describes a ease of * * * * by the * * of a *. She had * *, and her * *. * * * also affected. * * cases in which the application of * to the breasts * suppression of the secretion *. * relates the history of a case in which an * * by a * * applied to its * and died * * hours after the * of the *. * * * * * of inherited susceptibility to *, in which * application of the * * all the symptoms * *. * * the symptoms of * the application of * * * * *. * * * by the application * *. * * * * * * from external *.
* * a rare case of poisoning in a child * * * who had * about a * * * * later the child * *. *, which were * *, * * * *. At the end of an hour the radial * * *, * * * * * and accompanied with a * *. * * * *. The child * * * *, * * about as if in pain. The * * *, * occurred, and normal * *. * * * poisoning the child was still *. The urine * * albumin and *, and the next * * * * * *.
There is an * * of a robust * * * * by a mistake took a half ounce of *. He was * * * * * in the throat * * in the head, and intense * * *. * * *, were followed by * and almost * *. In the * * * quantities of blood from the urethra with excessive * * urinary tract. On the third day all the symptoms * * and the * had ceased. * * * * * *.
* has been frequently observed to produce *, *, disturbances of *, vomiting, diarrhea, * * *, * depression of temperature. * *, are generally * * continued administration * *, the result * * due to * caused by abnormally * * by the * observed the presence of * after the use * in a case of pericarditis. * * * * of the * * * * * * a young woman who was *. * * * cases of * the tenth * * ingestion of grains of the *, * the fifth * * * of the infusion. * * death from what might be called chronic * *.
There is a * practice of some of the * * * with their belief * *, which consists of * * * * * large doses of a * * *, * * *, to drive out or * * in the child. It was * to kill * * and cure a * one. In the *, *, * many cases of similar *.
Epidemics of * have been recorded from time to time since the days of *, and were due to *, *, *, resulting in the feeding * * *. * *, * *, * * *" of the *, * persons in * * * *. * * *, * * *, * * * *. It is described as * * * * in the feet, severe pain in the back, * the muscles, *, *, *, * * * women, in suckling * * of milk, and in * *. After some time, *, * * * *, * * * *, * * * * *, * *, and a sense of * *; then a dark * appears on the nose or one of *, * * is lost in the affected part, * assumes a * * *, * * symptoms in * * as the * *, * * * * generally the appetite and * are preserved * *, and not rarely there is a most * *. * * a species of * characterized by *, which he * * *" * * * * *, under the influence of *, * a peculiar depression of * * *, * * much benefit from the * the drug from the hemorrhage caused by uterine fibroids. * * for three * * * * * all the * *, * * in bed, * all day in *. * disposition of the patient was * opposed to *, as she * *- * * *.
In addition to the instance of the fatal ingestion of a dose of * * * *, * * a woman * * * * * of this *. * * * * the stomach and *, together with a sense of * was no * * *, but she * * * a state of coma, * * minutes after ingestion.
* * * following the administration of small doses of potassium * are frequently *, * * same time large quantities of albumin have been seen in *. * *, * * * of as * drug, by gradually increasing the dose can be given * * * as to be almost beyond the * *, * * * * at a dose. On the other * * have produced * symptoms. In the * * * as a * instances of untoward effects, * * *, have been *, the majority of them * * * * * application. In a * * * * the history of a man * *, * * *, * * to the local * * gram of *. * * * * * * * hours after * * * * * *. There are two * * recorded in *. * * * * fatal cases of * * * *, * for the purpose of producing * *, the use of * * *, * * * and in *, * * * *, * * *, * * * * * have been mentioned as causes of *.
* * * after ingestion of * of corrosive *, * * * of recovery * * * grains of the salt. It is said that a * grains of * * * * and water, * * about ten * *. A mixture * and milk was given to *, and in about * * * * * and reduced iron; in * * * *. Severe and even fatal poisoning may * the external application of *. * * * * which a solution * * to the *) * * head of a child * * for the relief of tinea * *, * *, * *, * *. * out the vagina with a solution * *, has caused severe and even *. * * * after the * * * *, and instances of * * * * are quite common. There are various * which sometimes follow the * * * * * * type. The susceptibility of some * *, the slightest * * * * * * symptoms, is so common that few * * to their patients without some * * susceptibility to this *. * * * * * in the times when * was given in *, in which to relieve * * * * * * * * administered and repeated in *. Scores of globules of * * * * * surface, the result of a previous * * * * *. *, * * with the * * *, * * * * *. *, *, * *, * the globules *.
* * of the ingestion of three * * croton oil by a child of six, followed by vomiting and rapid * was no diarrhea in this case. * * * * the case of a child of four, who in two days * * * * croton oil * on a full *. * recovery in an adult after ingestion of the same * is recorded * instance of a woman who took about an *, * * * * of an hour * *, * * *. There is a record in which * a dose as three * * * to have * * * * *" According to *, * * * * * grains of the drug * fatal in as many hours.
* * is usually considered a harmless *, but the * *, from which it is derived, contains a * *, * * * * * to produce death in *. * some of the instances in which * * * * similar to cholera are the results of * of contaminated *.
* untoward effects of * and its derivatives are quite * * * an old * in whom, * * * * * * * produced a general desquamation of *; * * was not *, as it * on several other *. * * of a woman * the slightest bit of * in any form * *. * * are quite common, * * produced by * *; * * mental confusion, vertigo, and *, * * even days, sometimes referable to the frontal * * to the occipital, are seen in certain * after a dose of * * *. * *. * * familiar to the ancient physicians, and, * *, * * an observation with reference to * a man, and * * it in * * *: * * * * * * are said to be observed * * * *. * states that * in the tendons * * *, and even *, have been * after the * * in even * *. * * *" * * *, * * of in the older *. * *, and nearly all the * of the last * this symptom as an * * * *. * instances the ingestion of * * an eruption * * of small, * * *, which, in their *, * *. * * that when these * * all the body * present a *, and he * that even the mucous membranes of * * * may be * * * * * * * *, which was * * *, after the * of a quarter of *. It was seen on the chest, on the inner surfaces of *, on the * surfaces of the forearms and wrists, * *, and posterior and inner surfaces of the legs, * the ankles in a * * about the * * *. * consisted of closely * * * * of a *, and several days after the disappearance * * a fine, * desquamation of the *. * has also seen an eruption on the trunk and *, accompanied with fever, from the ingestion of * * the case of a * in whom appeared a * *, nausea, and vomiting after ingestion of a * of a * * *; she would rather * * * * suffer the * action of the drug. * *, * reported a case in which the * * * so great that of a * of the * * * irregularity of *, suspension of the *, and profound * to the same *, * * * * * of the sense of * after the * *, *, according to his observation, is * * * in patients who are much reduced and * otherwise healthy who have suffered from *. These effects are probably due to a central * a similar * to that produced by *. * * *, shortly after the injection, of an * * * *, which for the most part * * of the *. * * * * speak of * * * occurring after ingestion of * * *. There are several cases on record in * has been produced in an adult by the use of * * * *. According to *, the maximum * * * has occurred without * * grains of *, and six * * *. According to the *, * there was a case in which a * one day * killed by one * * *, and in another case a * * * * * to a child * * * instances of death from * are given, one in an * * grains of * * given in * * * after a dose of * * *. * * * * instance of * * * * * grains of * * *, and as it did * * * * * an additional dose of * *. * * * * a few hours, and * * * *. * * * about an hour later, and * *, * * *, *, * * *, * * * *. * describes a * * *, in a * * * after a * (in which he * * doses of * *, * * * * * * *; * * * * and was * on the next day * * * was used in this case. * * * after the ingestion of grains of * *.
In chronic * * the amount of this drug which can be ingested with * * * proportions. In *" * * *: * as it may *, * * * * this time * suddenly and * effort from grains of * * *) per day to *, * *. *, * if by magic, * * * * * * * * *, * * * * * I have seen * * * * of the *, * * in one * with its * * * * as a * * * * and is * off by a *.
* * * if it * * *.
*, *, * * * *; * * only a thousand drops of * per day, and what was that? A * * * * * up the * * *; * * * its functions * * ever before; * * * again, and again * *, * * * * *" There have been * who, in * * * * * * * * * a halo * * * which has * * *, * * the truth of his *. * has any * * on which to * * * * * as to the magnitude of the * he was * *; and his * * * is equal to that * of his *. * * *, in a volume *. *, * * of the * *" * * * * * and considerable purity of * * of his own * with the drug. * * * *. * book and several portions of other chapters * * showing that * * was wrong in some of *, * * * criticism of * *, * seems to have experienced the same * * *, *, after all, that * * * the effects * even if he seemed to * *. According to *. * are in the United States * of two millions of * * * * * of alcohol. * * instances in which * * dose of * * * has been *. * man, a * * *, * * a day; another in the same * himself with * daily; and still * * * * * * * * per day. * cases of * it is * * analysis of * * * * show the amount of * * * * that of the official *, and little * be put in the records of large amounts of * * * * has been made from the * *. * * to know * *, and find them * * *. According to *, * * a case * which was continued for three years, during * a period of about three, hundred and * *, * * * * was taken *. According to the *, * * * * *. In the case * * the patient * * * six years in * up to one * per day; for * *, * * * grains and increasing * * * * * * *, * * quantities of *, which were later * * * a day. * of their * dose of * * * * patients experience * *, and they * * * * to enable them to get * * * have been known to * * in their *, * * them, and the authors know of a fatal * * a tube of * * of the drug was * in the rectum.
The administration of such an * substance as the infusion of * has been sufficient to * * * in a patient * with carcinoma.
* refers to a case of an infant of five * who died from the effects of one * * * containing only
1/100 * * *. There are certain people who * * a special * * * phosphorus, and * of it causes in them *, *, and a * pain in the * *, * * * with diarrhea, and in rare cases *, * several months. In such * * is capable * the foregoing symptoms. In a man * * * *, *, * he had * half of a * * * * * *, and was * * *.
A peculiar feature of * is necrosis of the jaw. * * was first * * soon after * of the * * * *. * *, owing to the introduction of * * *, the disease has become much less common. The * the match * is accomplished by * * ends in * solution of a composition of *, * *, * particles of * * * * * * agent, and * *. From the contents of * * * * into the * of the * *, and in cutting the * * * * * hands are constantly in contact with *. * * affected in this * is the *, * * may spread to the adjoining bones and involve *, * *, the body of the * bone, and the * of the occipital *. It is * * * * the periosteum is exposed * * to the progress * disease, and, according to *, * * * * affected three times as readily as those with * * are therefore * excluded from some of the * *.
* * *, *, * reported a remarkable case of * * in a * * *. * * by the patient for *. Later on * * developed, and an * diagnosis of * * * * was made. * * * * * * use of *. * * * the patient had * * *. * * * from two to six hours, and * * * was at * *. * * * was found * *, which at first * * *, *, and May * * *. The growth * * * * * * thicker than *, * * * * it became * in proportion. * *, * * * patient, and at that time * * * *, * returned to that color from *. * reported the following case a as * another to * * * will produce the effect * * *: *. *, * * *, * * * * * *. * * * had been * for twenty years. * * * itching of the skin, due to the uremia * *; the skin was * * *. For this * * * * * * with the effect * * *. It was taken in doses of * * times a day, * *, * *, 1888.
During the * * it was noticed by the * * * * * *, and that the hair of the head * * *. * patches and the * * * *, until at the time of her death they were *, the black * on the head presenting a very * among the * * * *.
* * such a universally * *, * instances of * * * have been recorded. * * * contact of the drug * * * * * * liable to an * of the * manifests itself in a vesicular, papular, or * on different parts of the body. * * * * * grains and * grains of * *, and two days * her body * * * *, * * in the course of * * * after the administration of the drug was * says that in this case the severity of the * * * with the size of the dose, and during * * * bleeding at the *; * * * * * * * of this kind in a * * * * * blood. The * * * spread over * body, and they * after the suspension of *. *, *, *, *, * * * * * * * * doses of * nearly all these cases the accompanying * *. * * of a * *, * * * *, * headache, nausea, * *, *, together with nodular * on the eyelids, *, * of the *. At another * grains of the * rise to * * on the *, followed by * * elimination of the drug. In other * * * * after the ingestion of * * * instance of a woman * * *, * * * * *, * * after an hour * * * * * * *, *, *, * *, *, and all the * * fever, which would * * in from * * *. * * * * * * * it to be *. The most * * * symptoms of * * are the * * organs of special *. *, and even *, have been observed to follow * *. * * of cases of the untoward effects of * * *, * of New * found the power of * * * *, and rarely * * * * *. According to *, * perceptions of color and * * diminished, and although the disorder may last * time the prognosis is *. * varieties of * of the functions of the ear range from * * * * * *. * * * tracts are * * * * * *. There is a case * *, after the slightest dose of *, * * at the * * * *. * *, there is mentioned in the case reported by * * * unique in the literature * *, *. * * * first noted the occurrence * cases of * following the administration of * * * daily. In the persons * * the lungs * * *. * * * * * of the drug. When it was *, * * * * *. * * * * mistake, in which * * * * * administered to a patient at *; the only * * were a * * * *. * * was given, and the * * in a week. In * *, * in the * * of the late *, * * * * * given. In fact, * * day in some parts of the * * is constantly * the table as a prophylactic constituent of the diet.
* * the occurrence of a * * in a woman after the dose of * * *, *, * with the discontinuance of the drug. There was a * * * who died in * * after the * * * *. * * of a case in which * * * * a child three and * *. * * of a man who took grains and was * for about an hour. He had * some of it * taking the dose, and was * treated with *. * * case is mentioned in which * *, one on the throat, one on the back of the neck, * on the left * of a woman, * * * * *. * remained in position * thirty minutes, and about * * * * * * * in the back of the neck, * * * of the muscles of the face, arms, and * * * * * through the whole * *, * * * * * * * * * applied to the back of the neck. It could not * whether any * * * * *, * *, from the symptoms, such must have been *.
* * gives the history of a * *, * *, * * * * against a *, and by * * a handful of * * * to it, from *, strange to say, * * *. * * *, there were * * *, * *, and extreme *. * * * *, the skin was white and wet * * *, * was given in time to * *, * * * * she would * *. There are several * cases on record.
Although not * related to the subject of *, the following * may be mentioned *: * * * * *, suffering from an obstinate case of * * said to have been * cured by living in a * * in which he * * * * * *.
* * of a case of * * similar to that of * * mother and child, which was * * * with and * * * * * * *.
* * * in some * * * are quite *. * * * a person in * * * vomiting, and another in whom * * * *. * * * *, particularly at the moment of *, *. * * are subject to this phenomenon, * is seen sometimes in birds.
* * the case of a man who, * * * * * sexual intercourse, * * prior to the act * * * * *. Even the thought of sexual * * * was sufficient to * this peculiar *.
* * * * of four *, * * at the * *, saying that in * * * * * until the point of * * *, when he * with complete * and lost * * * the penis. * * * followed by a * * * * * on the slightest *, and which was * * * as to forbid * * * * *, or until the penis had become *. * * * * for her * * relief, and the case * as a means of obtaining * from the * the country. In response, * theory was * * * had been in the habit of * and had a * * * portion of the urethra, associated with an * the prostate involving the * ducts, or * condition of all the tissues compressed by * *.
* * a case in which a * contraction of the * * occurred during *, and the penis could not * while this condition *; and in support of * * * * * *, *, * * * contractions of the * * the vagina; * * * * * * * observation in which this * * * * * and rectal examination, * on the following * * * could be produced. In this *, * * *, * gives the history of a man who * * * * * * *, and, similar to * of a dog * *, * * * in his *; it was only after the injection of great quantities * * * the parts * * * * * * * property of * * * observation, in which the * method of * * on the persons was *. * * * * of a similar *.
Among the peculiar effects of * is its * effect on the healing process of *. *, *, * * * speak of this * effect of *, * * * * has made * at a hospital in * prove that during the process of healing wounds are * * influenced by *, * * *. * * * that he found on * * placing a * in the rectum, that the temperature * * *. * just before than after *, * * the act the temperature * * * *.
There are many * conditions which, under the * influence of *, * harmful effects and even a *. * * a man who had * times in * with most * *. * * of a man * * * * * properties, in which, * *, * * an enormous dose of *. * * the effect of his *, that is, the mental *, * to the actual * *, * * * *. * * *, it is said that he * * * times during the *, * * * * *. * was called to see this man * *, and found * in a most * *, * * * * * *. * rapidly, and death soon * * * * * * * saying that among the * * knew of a woman who during a single * * * * *.
Among the older * there are instances reported in which * * * * * without the * *. * * this fact * * of a * * who had * * * * thick and abundant * * * * *.
*, * of the *, and one of the most * * of the * * * * * * * * *, * * * * * * * * * he was called the * * *" * * * * * *. *, * * *, *, * * disorders are in such cases generally the direct * *, * causing the death * by the * * * the act.
*, *, *, *, *, *, * *, *, * *, *, *, * *, and many others * * *; the older * in some cases attributed the * to excessive * *, * * * of the * direct cause, * * * have been found in case of a *.
* * * have been expressed as to the length of time compatible with life during which a person * under water. * * * * * of the suspension of * for a protracted * * * * *, as the subject * * * * rises to the surface of the water, * *. * * a child of two * * * *' *; in another case a * * * *' *. There is a * in this country of a woman who was said to have * * *. * * a case happening in
1774, in which there was * for an hour * *; but there * * * evidence of this.
* * * * * *; *, * * *; *, * * *; * * * of three persons who * after a * * *. There is a case in * * * *, in which * * * * followed by * *.
There have been individuals who * * of prolonged * in large * *, placed in full view of *. * * that the person * * years ago * * *" * * under water for three * have been * * of this *. Some of * * * themselves on an * *, * * * * * * * * a meal * *. It is said that * recently in * * * * * accomplished the feat of * * * minutes and * * in full view of *. * * * about in her *, * * *, *, *, * appeared to be * * * * * * immersion. In *, * *, there was * * * * * * * similar to *, including the smoking * * * * in his *. In all these * sorts of artificial * are used to make the * *. * *, music, and the counting of * in a loud * from the stage, all tend to make the * much longer than it really is. However, * * *, * * under water * * * * *, and one of his * * * * * * * with his *, * * * * * * back, and never * * * * * * * * accomplished. In * * * * played a game of *" under water, * cards and * them to the view of the * *" * * under water * *, * * *, * * * seconds. The * * * * *, * *, * * *" * * * * * For the most * examples of prolonged * we must * to the *, particularly the * * * *, and the * *. * is an ancient *, * * * of this * are recorded. * * * * * * to the action of a * specially trained men were * at the * * * * * * * * * * * of the old * * *, * * * * * by the name of * who was * * * * * * of value * had been * * * vessels in a *. * * * * *, * says that * * * * * * * * * * * * to place the fish * *. There was a * * * * * the name of *, who was noted for * * * * *. He had the ability to stay under water * length of time, and even to * * *.
There was a * * * * at the end of the * * * * are recorded in the * * * *, *, * * *, * * *. * * * *, * of poor * * *. * * * * an extraordinary power of * * * from his * * * * * * * capacity. He became very well known * *, * * * * *, * * *. In the present * * * * in the * *, *, * * *, and the * * * * * of those interested in the anomalies of *. There are many * * of their ability * under water for long periods. It is * * * * over two *, but, what is more * * * * * * * *, some as * * *. * they remain under water from * to one and a half *. * longer, the * *, the eyes *; the sputum *, * * of some of the * vessels in the lung. It is said * who have * * * that few of these * to an advanced age. Many of them * * * some of them * * * congestion of the *. * * * * * to carry * * size in their hands in order to facilitate the * duration of *. It is also said that the * * * * *. According to *, * * * the native * * * * * to the depth of meters. The *, * * * * *, are noted for their * * of the inhabitants of the island of *, *, * * * says that the * * * * * to the depth * * * * * *. On the * * * * * under the direction of the * *, * * duration and the practice of this *. * * * *, * * the exercise * * many as * * can be seen about the field *, * equipped with *. A single * * * * under the water, and then * in the bottom of *, * * * * * *. * * * * * * * * and some of the inhabitants of * *.
It might be well to mention here the * who work by means of apparatus. The * * knowledge of * * * * under water some time. * * * * by which * * * under water * with the air, and * it with the trunk of * * * * deeper than * *. In the * * * * * were used by the * * In
1660 some of the * of the * * of the * * * * * * * *. Since then * * * * have been made, * into the present * * apparatus of * * * work in the * of vessels * in from * * of water. The enormous pressure of the water at these * makes it necessary to have * * enough to *. *, * * * *, * * * from the * * *, * * * * to the * line, which * * * *, *, * * of water. * * six months * *, * by the * in May, * in the operations; * * lost their lives, * * being in the * beneath the three * * * the task *.
* * only acquire * after long *. It is said that as a rule * * * * *, as they are * of their * * * * * * * *. At present * * *. * *, *, there is a * * *, in which men are trained to lay * * * *. Most of these * can work * * a time in from * * of water. * for the * are trained * *. When sufficiently trained to * the depth of * * are fully *, * * to the various *. They are * * * in charge of * *; * * * * * material, as well as air, by means of a special * this purpose. At some * below the water * weight of the * cannot be *, and the * as well in * as in ordinary * *. * * says that the only * * * ever had in * as a *, * * * * of his * * * * in the ears, as a consequence of which, * under water at a certain work for * *, * * the use of one * for three *, * * * * * with the *. * * * * to the dangers attached to their * some have been known to sleep * * * *. Both by means of their * lines and by * * * they keep their * informed of the progress * *.
Suspension of the * some cases the * is not apparent for many days before * death, and there have been * *, although the * * for an extended *, * * * * recovery. In reviewing the * we find that * * * instance in * * was not apparent for * days before *. * describes a case of cessation of the * days before death. * * the history of a case * * * * for three days and * * *, but the patient * *. There is * observation. in which there was cessation of the * * * without a fatal *.
* * seem to have a * control over their circulatory system, * * them to * of cardiac * at will. * * * * * * appeared to possess the power of dying, * were, at * is, so * * * * * * could be detected. * lying in this state * for a short period, * would become * without any * * * on the *. The longest period in which he remained in this * was about thirty minutes. A postmortem examination * person was * with great *; * after his * was found to explain the power * * * *.
* * knew of a * * * who had the power of * * *. Both the * * * * * when he was in his *. * * * * * effects on the * * *, * had no apparent effect on his * * * instance of voluntary suspension of the *.
Relative to *, it is * that mice, *, and some *, as well as *, * seem to * * for an extended period, and especially in * *. * * fish are transported * *, * to life after being * * * *. * * * * * *, * * * *, of a * * * and thought to be dead. It was placed on a * * in position on a * in the * * * *, * *, * having been * to a * * *, it was * to have an apparent growth on its * * * out and placed in water, when it * * * * * * * * offered to it. It has been said, * * * evidence, that * * found in * * * * * * *, * * * * of a * who took * *, * * * * * * *, * as they * * * stomach after * dormant in an * * *, * * them in his *, * * *, and he * had a * * * as any * emanating from * *.
* * is an extremely rare *. Only the * * * seem to have developed this power, and even the * there are seldom seen. * theories have been * * this ability of the *, and many * * all the * relative to their *; * * *, * who have * * * * of their *. *, * * * * and are * * *; * * * out of his own * to give *. When one * a community, * place is never * that he had * * * * * * *, * * would soon * out to take * *. * * * * * mode of * * a long *, during which the functions of life are * *. We can readily * in their ability * during their periods of *, as we have already * instances of * for a great length of time, * the individual * * normal functions.
To the *, who neither * * * * * *, and who * * from his place of * should be * *, when we consider the * men whose * * * * * during their *, * * * * * *.
* says that the * begin their * by taking a large dose of the * * *" * *. In this state they are * into a *, *, * * * favors the prolongation of * * * *; in this condition * * from six to eight *. * * they are only * * to life, and present a *, *, * * *. * is credited, * * * * * *, * * that a * * in an * state at * * and when *, * weeks later, * * all the appearances of a *. The legs and * * * and stiff, and the * on the shoulder in a manner frequently seen in a * was no * of the heart or arteries of the arm * *, * * * signs of life. By * * was restored to life. * * had been * * * to prevent the possibility of *, and during * * * the grave * * night and * * of the * * * *.
*, * * * in the * * * *, has an account of a * * * * * * * * in a *- * * for such a long time that * in the soil above the * * * * * * *. * * that the time of * * * 40
days, and that on * * to certain processes the * * * many years after. * * * * * *. The chest in which the * * * * with the * * * it, and when the * * * he was * and apparently *. * * that this man, * * * *, * four months * * in the *; to prove the * * *, * * * * * *, and at * * * as smooth as on the day of *. * * * * * * when we consider * that are on record of the growth of beard and * *.
There is another account of a person of the same class who had the power of * *, and who would not * * * * the earth for fear of worms and insects, * he is said to have suffered at a previous *.
It has been stated that the * are either * * *, * *, * nothing in common * women or men of their *; * * * * * * * * * * * * with his * *.
Instances of recovery * * * * are to be found, particularly among the older * of a time * was more common than it is *. *, *, *, *, *, *, * * * * * *. * describes a case * a man * * * * * * *, * mustard seed. There is a case on record in which * * * * * * *. There was a * a man * into the * * * *, having been * for some time. * * was only * *, * * hours after it * * *, and he * *. * * instance of a * * * * * * *. When the * was found by her husband * * * the top of a *, having been * * * * * * abuse and *. When first seen by * * *, * * * surrounded by white *, * * * * from it. * * * *, * * * * *, and her neck of a brown *. * level of the larynx, the epidermis * * * where the * had been. The conjunctiva * and there was no * response of the * * light of a *. * * of the soles of the feet *, * * * * *. There was no * and only slight * *. * * * * ultimately recovered. Recovery is quite * * * * * so far, the patients * shortly after being cut down or on the following * * a most * case, in which * from the * * * * * by an additional * across the throat. The patient * man who was * * by a band of * * *. *, * their usual *, * * and his *. * satisfied that he was * *, one of the * * * * * * * *. This latter * * the congestion caused by the * * * his life, * * * * * *. After the * in his * * * * of the * * such a good description of the * that their apprehension and * soon followed.
* * some instances simulation of death has been so * that it has led to premature *. There are * cases on record, and it is a popular * * * that all the * * are true of persons * and returning to life, only to find * * in a narrow * * * below the surface of the * the lower * * * of being * * * * is quite * *, and for generations the * have been denounced for their inability to discover * sign of death. Most of the instances on record, * * * * journals, are * * * * such a * * as a * * * * * * or the face *, which are * of the * details of the * * * * in the coffin. In the works of * there are 46
cases * of the premature * of the living, in * has been mistaken for * *. None of these *, are sufficiently * to be *. *, * * methods of *, even if life were not * could be no possibility of consciousness or of * * would soon follow the * of the *.
We must *, however, that the * has been made, particularly in instances of * * *, * * of malignant * * *, in which there is * necessity of * * for the prevention *. In a few instances on the * * * * death, has * led to premature *; * the present day this is * a very rare *. * also a danger of * * cases of *, * * * * of the vital *.
It is said that in the * *, * * to life a woman who was about to be *, * * * * * *, for the future * * * *, to establish * * * * * should be * until the sixth * * *. * * extension of time did not give satisfaction, and * that when *, * * * * * * was present, was to be * * * * * the tenth day. There is also a * that when * * * victim to disease he was * *, * * * *, it was too * to save him, as the fire * * * * * *.
* returning to his * * *, a physician * * * * *" * said to have been * * *, * during the time of * * * crowd of * about to start * * on a *. It is said that by his * * * * of life in the corpse * ordered the * * restoring the * * to life. * and several others of a similar * * * to delay * * *, and laws were * * * * *, as well as in *. It was * the eighth day that the final * were performed, * * * to death having their own *. * * * * * of premature * * * * to every *; among others, * * * * * of the sphincter and, which shows * observation of a * modern medical *.
According to the * * * * * *, * *, * * * * *, * * * * * * with which he was about to be opened; It is * *, sometimes called the "Father of Anatomy," * sent for to perform an autopsy on a woman * * convulsions, and who was * to be dead, on * * * * by her * * * that she * *. * *, * *, * * * that he had to leave the community in which he * it is believed that he * * recovered from * * * *. * * *, * well known by his * * * of his life, * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * village, and the * * * * * it, when a * he sent * * all the * * the surgeon in charge that the * was not * it was too * to save him, as he had already * * *.
* * of a woman living in * * who was * *, * was not * from her * * * * * * * * a valuable * * *. This instance has been cited in nearly every * is another more recent *, coming from *, * wife of a * * * who was * * * *. During the * * * attempted to * *, and made * * * * * * * * * and was *. * * * * * to have had * *. This case is also *. * * * * *, * *, * *. It was that of a young * and thought to be dead, who was placed * * * for burial. * * signs of life, and was * to the *. Two days later * * * * * death, and was * on his way to *, when he once more *.
It is said that when the body of *, * * *, who died * * opened to be *, the hand * the first * was made. There is a story of * * * on a return * * *. * * one of the *, * * in the *, * * *. They were about to resort to *, * * * of the *, who was * * * *, * * started to construct a * for a long *, a process * * * * which time * * in her *, * * * * * *. When the coffin was at last * * * to take * * *, and removed *, which was * * on her *. * * to do this * * *, *, * * * * *.
It is said that when a daughter of * *, the first * of the * *, died of *, * * out as dead, and the * of the * * * *. * * alone in this manner * *. * * * * * father that he * * that in case of his death he should *. The same * also contains the case of a * * * on her way to the grave, and who, * *, was kept * * length of time *.
The literature on this subject is very *, * having been written on the * of the signs of death, * of examples * * of the danger * *. The foregoing * have been given * of the general style of *; * * the reader is referred to the plethora of material * *.
* * the older * * * of a * have given rise to much *, * often led to * of premature *. * motion in a *. * says that * * * death in the victims of * *. * * * * * * *, but there * * * life. The most common * * * * *, which would also be drawn * toward the body * on the left leg. In some cases the hand * *, * * or two instances a * * * as if by *. * * * stated that * * * * * * *. * * * * * of an hour, * mostly in * * * * suddenly, and in whom the muscular * * * or both had not become * at the * *. * * the existence of * of respiration.
* * * * * seen a * * * *, dying of scarlet fever, * * at the moment of death, but in a * * such a * appearance and color as * * the return of life. The center of the * * in a natural fashion, and the rest of the body * * * *. The parents * to believe * * *. * * that he had * * *, * states that he * the change is due to * the blood * with carbon *. * * * * blood, and there * an osmotic * the carbon * and the oxygen of the air * * oxygenation of the blood, and modification of the color * * to arterial *.
A peculiar * * * * of the penis. * * * * * * *, * * that on one occasion * * * *, * that at the moment of * * of the * in each; * nine of these * traces of this * * * an hour * *.
* * has been observed and described by several authors, and * * stated that he has * * * * eyes of a *.
* retardation of * of the body * * * * * *. * * * * body are quite well known, and not being in the * * *, will be referred to * * on this * sometimes an * * takes place. In * * * * * *, a for the * * * * body it contained, the * of an extremely * * * *, * * *. The body was that of * *, * * *, and the decomposition had been *, * * still in progress, several hundred * *.
Retardation of the * process has been * * * * * under water. * * * * * *, forty years * to the time of report, * * the waters * *, and who was found in a * * *.
* Growth of Hair and * hair and * may grow * death, and even * *. * * a case * man who had *, * hair and * at the time *, but who, some time after *, was found to * * * *. * * * * * hair, and * * * instance in which the beard * * * several times from the *. We occasionally * of this in the *. * * * * four years, the hair from which * * * where the joints of the coffin had given *. The hair * * * *, that of the beard * *, * on the breast from four to six *. * * * * instance in which * * the hair * * brown to red, and also * a case in a * * * *, * * * years old, * * * * to have a new growth of hair all over her body. * contains an account of hair * * * *.
* sometimes grow * * * death, and there is on record the account of an * who had an * * *, and after * the nails were found to have grown to * extent that they * * under the palms and soles.
* untoward effects of the * on the vital functions are quite * * in medical literature. There is * of cases reported in which *, *, *, * * produced a fatal issue. In history we have the old * * * woman who for some time * * * * *, and who from the sudden * occasioned by * * * * *. There is a similar instance in *. *, *, *, *, and others * of death from sudden or * *. * * * * * * released from *. * * * * * * * dead on * * * * left to her by her * *.
* * death from *, and in * * * * says that the * * * is much more * than that *. * * this subject, * says that the blood * * with such violence to the brain as to *. There is one case on record in which after a * * * the pericardium was found full of blood. *, * *, *, * * * death from *.
Death from * * has been recorded, but in this instance it is very * that death was not due to * itself, but to the * * * * * * *. * * * * death from * * describes the death of a pregnant * * *. *, *, * * * * * * * *. * as it may seem, * * * * *, * * * * * * * *, * * * * * * * *.
* * *, which are called by * *" such as * and sudden *, *, * * a pronounced effect on the vital *, at times * death. Throughout literature and * we have * * anomaly. In * *" *, * * * * wife of *, * * by a threatened *, * * * *.
* * * *" *. *, * * * of the death of her little boy, is thrown into * * by death. * theories are advanced in * * *. A very * one is, that the cardiac * caused by energetic and persistent excitement of * * *. Strand is * * * * of the * * rupture of the heart. It is * * * the expression, "Died of a * *" * to say, in some cases postmortem examination has * * * of the *. *, * *, *, *, * *, *, * speak of death from * * *, * * describes a * the direct cause of which * *. *, * * * * *, * * * *, who was in the last * *, * * overcome by intense * that he * * * and died, and both * * *.
The fear of * has been * cited as a cause of death * * a case * * of a young * *; * * a fear of death in * she had been * *, * suddenly and * * died in * *. * region of the body * * * * by an * *, but no * of the cause of death were found. * * * instance of death from fear of labor. * * * who died from the * * bearing a * * * * * * of a boy.
The following *, * * * *, shows the extent of shock which may be produced by *: Many years ago a * * * * * * * to the students, * determined to * *. * * prepared a * * *, which they * to a * *, * * * *, some of them prepared to act *, and sent others of their * to bring * *. * first affected to treat the whole * as a *, * * * by the students that they * it in *. He was told to prepare for immediate *. * * * all around in the * * * * indication that * * * *, * * * * *. He was *, and made to * * block. The * * was raised, but, instead of * *, * * * * * * * on the back * *. * * was now removed from the * * to the * * * of the students * * he was *. Such a case may be due to * * * *.
It is not uncommon that death ensues from the shock * * * that cause * * injury, but * * *. This is particularly true of * * * * region, or *, where the solar * an active factor in *. * * * * * of a man * * who was dealt a * * * in a * * *, * *, * *. * * * * * * * and died in * *. * * * normal, and death must have * * * * * *. * * * occurring in * *. A native * * * * * * * * * * * by some * * * was in a * * * * * * * *. * * * up by a * in the side and * on the head, neither of which, however, * as severe as * *. * * * * and died. At the * were no * indicative of death, which must have been * the shock following the * on the *.
* * of the * of the * *, * relates the following case: "A man received a * * * upon the *. He had an * * * * *. * * * * symptoms that gradually * during the day. In * * * * and he * *; during the * * without a *, and at the autopsy * * * * to be found." * upon the * * * *. * are well aware * effects of a * on the jugular vein. *, * *, * the case of a boy * *, who was * * anterior portion of the larynx by a *. * * * the ground, and at autopsy * * * was found * * *. The sudden death may be attributed in this * to shock and * to cerebral *.
* have been seen to drop * on the * without apparent injury or organic derangement; in the * * * * attributed to * * *, and later * to be caused by what is called "the * * *" * has written an article on this * * death and others have discussed it. By some it * that the * acquired by a * * * in the * * * * a person in * vicinity of its path of flight.
* * *.
* ANOMALIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK.
* of such a delicate * as the eye, in which the slightest * can produce * * * elicit the * of all. Examples of * protrusion of the eye from the orbit * * *, * particular interest. Among the older * we find * * * * instances of * *. * * * a similar *, *, and others * extrusion of the eyeball * *, due to excessive *. * * * * instances in which * * * * *. * relates the case of a man who, * * * *, * * * *, and to his * * * extruded from the orbit. With the assistance of his * * * * and a * * * it. When * * the upper lid * * swollen and *, * was no *.
* * extrusion of the eyeball from the orbit caused by a * with a *. There was * of the globe, * * * * *. * * of a patient who, * *, * * in the right eye by a * of water from *, * * the eye *. * * * influence of shock and cold, the surrounding * the eyeball from the orbit, and an hour * * * patient with the eye * by the optic nerve and * * was easy, and after some minor * * * restored in the injured *. * months after * the patient had * *, and the eye had never * * * * *.
* * the case of a woman * * * * on the key in a * * * * * eye. In von * * is a record of a man * * * * * of the eye by a * * * * * * * * of the eye caused by a * against the ring of a * *. * * case of a young * * * * pierced by one * rests of an * *. * * at one of * the iron * * in either the * or external * muscles, and * * * upon the *. The real * could not be * the patient * * after the muscle * * * to its * *. * * * * a little * * whose head * * between the * a large * with such * as to press the * from the *. * * * on the *, * * * optic nerve; the cornea * *. * * * * * *, * * * returned to *.
* * * there was an * manner of * * *" In this * * * * * who could, with his *, * * * *. Strange to say, * * * * * * * * treatment of the eye. * * * * * instance of fracture of * *, in which the eyeball * so much * * * in the antrum * *. * * * * the history of a case in which a * from the horn of * * the eye so far back in the orbit as to present * * *. The conjunctiva * the organ *, but when it was * aside the eyeball was exposed, * * * * * * the power of *. * cases in which * has been * * laxity of the lids may serve as an explanation. * * * on record in which a * * appeared in * *, saying that while * in bed, * apparent cause, * * * * *. * * people who * themselves on their ability * * *.
Rupture of the * * the case of a child * * * suffered a * on the eye from a fall * *, followed by * rupture of the organ. The wound * * * three or four lines in length, and the * * * * so large that it * * *. * interest in this case was the rapid and complete * *.
* * a case of fracture of the superior * in which the * * of the lower * * * on the inferior * * * * the skull, * rupture of the conjunctiva of the left eye.
* Sequelae of * * some instances * primarily to the orbit either by * * implication of * * * the most serious *. * * into the * cavity may by this * the brain. There is a record of death caused by a * * cavernous sinus through the orbit by the stem * *. * * a woman at the * * * * * in the eye by the end of an umbrella. * * hemorrhage from the * and left eye, but no * of its *. * * *, and at * a fracture through the roof of the orbit * * * * * * severed the optic nerve * * * artery. The internal carotid artery * * * of its * at its *, * * * * between the anterior * process and the *. The cavernous sinus * * *. In this * * there was a considerable quantity of clotted blood * base of the brain, there was no * to the eyeball * * * *.
* records a case in which a * * * through the spheroidal *, * a large * *, * from intracranial hemorrhage. * describes an * which the point of an umbrella * the cavernous sinus * carotid artery of the opposite side, * * of an arteriovenous * which ultimately * * *. * * a boy * * who was * a state of coma. It was stated that an umbrella * * * up through the roof of the orbit and had been * * difficulty. The anterior lobe of the brain * * *; * * was made in the * * portion of the frontal * * * * * *, * * * *, and some blood and * *. * * were removed and a portion of * *, and a small artery was * * * debris of the eyeball * * and a * * * the frontal *, * out through the orbit. The * * consciousness and * * * *. * * * * *, the process * * rapidly, and recovery * *.
* * * instance in which a * penetrated the brain through the orbit. * * * of the roof of the orbit and injury to the brain * *.
* * of the * * the case in which a * * * in diameter * * from a * the left * *, * between the eyeball * wall of the orbit * rupturing the * of the * * the bony wall of the cavity. * * * * without causing * pain or symptoms, and * * *, contained in a perfect * * which it was * *.
* * the case of a private in the * who was * at a distance of three * *, * * entering the * of the right eye and * under the skin of * side. The eye was not lost, and opacity of the * of the cornea * *. * water and * the treatment.
It is said * that an old * of one of * * had a * removed from his * * * *' *. He was * in the orbit by a *, * at the same time a * * * * * * * * the bullet * from his * * * * * * * he had suffered from * * * * * of the left eye. After removal of * the eye * *.
* * a case of a man * * * * was destroyed by the explosion of a *, * * * * penetrating the head. The orbit * *; * * * * * * * on the hard palate, * * *, * * *, was extracted. * of the * * followed by * of the hard *, *, * relieved by *. The following is * of a report by * * *, * *.
* *, * *, * years of age, * * in the face by the * of a *. After being * * two months under the treatment of native *, * to me * * * * * * * * side of his nose, and above this a sinus, * * orifice of which involved the inner * of the right * * * * * for about a *. * of the right eye * * lost, and the * of the globe * * * * that the cornea * be distinguished from the surrounding *. * * * * * protrusion of the eyeball, * did not appear to have sustained * mechanical injury or * tissue. The * * * * * * * * * applied to the wound by the *. The sinus on the side of the nose * * * * discharge of * * pus, and the * * * headache and occasional *, * with his work. The * * referred to the * and temporal regions, and the skin on this part of * had a slight *, but there was no * * patient had been * by his * *, and he * himself, that there was no foreign body in the wound; * * * * easily recognized the lower edge of a hard * at a depth of about one * * * * of the sinus. * unable to obtain * * as to the probable size or shape of the object, * * * attempts to remove it through a * *, but without *. * * * * along the side of the nose to the *, * * the right nasal cavity; *, * the foreign body * pair of * *, * with difficulty * * * of a * *. Its size and shape are * by the accompanying *. * * * little over * * in length, and * *, * *. It had * * at the back of the * upward and slightly * from its point of * an angle of about *. On its * * * * * * and did not *. In ten days the wound * * and the patient * back to his work. * * case, but which * *, * * * * * of the Medical * * *, * The extent of * * done by foreign bodies in the orbit is variable. In some instances the most * * * by the * *, while in others * * destroyed by a minor *.
* * a case in which a * * long and about * in diameter * one end of which was a * * in diameter) * impacted in the orbit * * to twenty days, and during this time the patient was * of the fact. * * * extraction, the * * of the eye * *.
According to the * * * * * a long * with great * into the inner * of the * of his * *, * *. * * * *, leaving a piece * * *, * wide, and * *, in situ. * * about a * to the * *. * *, * * it with much * *, together with restoration of the * * action. The * * * to have passed * *. * * of an instance in which * * were extracted from the left orbit, the whole * * * *. They were * in by a * * * * * * of glass; * * * * of the * * *. * * of a case in which a * of steel
3/8 * * * * in cellular tissue of the orbit * days, and was * * injury to the eye. * a case in which a foreign body * * * * * * * weeks, and was * with subsequent * * seen a case in which for * weeks a * * in the * between the lower lid and the eyeball.
Foreign bodies are sometimes contained in the eyeball for many years. There is an * on record in which a * * mm. long and two *. *, remained in the eye *. It was extracted, with the lens in which it was *, * pain and other * *. * * * * which a piece of steel * * * encapsulated in * * * years without producing * of its *, * causing such * as to * of this *. * * of a piece of * * *, * in the left * of an old man * *, * total loss of *; * * that, after *, * * * *.
* * * * * left eye * * out by a piece of stone. Shortly after * * right eye * * * *, * * *, which was extracted * * *, giving the * * * * * *, * * * the right eye and produced a false * * * so that the * could not work. It was in * that he * *, * years after * of the left eye. The eye * atrophied, and on * * of stone * * projecting from it * * *. * * * * * long, and the end in * * * * longer than the end *. * * *, and, after * *' * * *, the stone * *.
* * the removal of a piece of bone which * * quiescent in the eye * * years; after the removal of * the bone was found adherent to the inner *. * * * in size and shape. * * * * foreign bodies in the eyeball * * * *; * * * * lodgment of a fragment of * the iris * * *. * * * * * from the interior of the eye where it had been * *. * * of a piece of steel * through the cornea and *, and which, * *, * * removed by the extraction of * *. * * * instance of a foreign * * in the anterior * * * *. * of the lodgment of a fragment of a * * * the left eye, back of the inner * margin of the * * years; and * * * * * * for thirty *. * * a case in which a * * remained in the eyeball * years without * for removal. It was * *, * * anterior surface of the iris, and although it was * * * *, * in the eye * * good, and * * sign of *.
* * * instance in which a piece of steel * * close to the optic * with retention of *. It was * by the * * months after the * as yet * diminution of * * *. * * * portion of a * * which was * * * * * by an * through the cornea. * a case in which * lead in the eye * * injury; and there are several * * * of the statement that the eye seems to be * * * * * * *.
* * * in the anterior * of the eye, the result of a * * of this organ.
* of the eyeball may cause dislocation of the lens into the anterior *, and several * have been * * * inability to give the reference * authority for * that we have seen, * that by one * of a * * of both eyes of a man * * * * * by the * of the *. * * of a lens by a * of a * *.
* * of rupture of the anterior capsule of the lens * * *, with subsequent absorption of the * and restoration of *. * * * * * * of the * * from the eye *, through the formation of a * *. * * * knowledge of a case of * of the lens through a * *, in a case * of the *.
Injury of the Eyeball * * are several instances in which * * * the eyeball with their *, * *. * * * a prominent * * *, * * up, and started to examine it, when it * * with its * * totally destroyed * *. * instance a man * * from the * * * * in a * * *, *, * * * * corner of *, * * * * * * * *. * * * * * * * * *. * * * on record in which * * * * eyes of their owners. In one case a * * * * * of the eye of his * * * with his * * * in a *.
* * a rare * to an eye * *.
*. *. *. A., while attending to his *, * * by one upon the right upper * * its center. An employee, who * in the work, * discovered the * * * * * * * *, * that he * * * * the lid * away from the globe. * few hours the lid * * *, but the * * * * *. * * for the * * * * of the lid, * * * * *. The edematous condition was by this means * * * short time. While * engaged in * the lid * * * pain in the eye as if it had been * * * *. * * was very severe, and he * * *, * * * in his *.
"The next *, * * *, * came to me for relief. * examination of the lid, * * could be made * * * * *, and a minute inspection of * * with a good * failed to reveal * *. * the lid *, * * with a lens * * *, a minute * * * * about the center of the lid. * that this * the point of the *, * * * to several * * *, but without *. *, with a fine * succeeded in cutting down by the side of the body and * *. * with a * * * * that it was the point of the *.
* * formation of the point * *, under the * with the finger, it was * through the dense * and against the cornea of the eye."
There is a story * * * * * of a * * * who was in the habit of allowing * * * * * * was attacked with a severe inflammation of the right * had to be *, and was found full of *, * derived from the * *.
* * a case of * in which the blood * up through the lacrimal ducts and * into the eye so that * * necessary to * the lower *, * * * only when the nose * bleeding. A * note on * through the eyes, referring to a * the Medical * * * * * * * *. Among others, *.
*. *. *. * * *, *, relates the case of an old * * * * * found with the blood * * *. * * * * * * * * * * * he was * to see the * * around the eyelids and * down the *. * * for the greater part of an hour, * * applications of * to both sides of the nose."
*. *. *. * of New * * * the case of a * *, * fifty years old, in whom * set in * *, and had * for several hours, * * * * *. In a short time the * * she could * *, owing to the * up of blood * eyes and * * * *. The bleeding * * the posterior * * * *.
*. *. *. * * *, *, * the case of a young man * * found in the *, * *, * * * a large amount of blood. * * * anterior and posterior * the blood * * through the lacrimal ducts to the eyes and * * *.
*. * *. * * the case of a man, * years old, with chronic nephritis, in whom a slight * of the * followed by * * * *. * * * * * * * from the eyes. * bit of *, saturated with * *, * into each * *, and another piece of * *, into either * *. The patient * * * preparations of potassium, and it was * * * * a deficiency of fibrin. * * * * * * * * * * * * time and was * * * * *.
* Restoration of * are some * cases on record in which, after many years of blindness, the surgeon * *, * operation, to restore the *. * * * of a blind * * *, *, when one and * years old, * * * sight of both eyes after an * *. * was performed, and after * * of total blindness * * was restored; * *. * * a case of extraction of * and double * * * *, *, * years of blindness, resulted in the recovery of *. The patient was a blind * * *.
To those interested in this subject, * has a most interesting description of a man by the name of *, * * *, * * * * * nine months, * *, and who was * at a blind *. At the * * * entered the hospital * *, * * * by that * *. * had never seen, * * * * * by one * *, * * and red * * close to that *. * * at once the sex and age of a person * * * * *, and formed * * more rapidly * * females than males. * * *, * the presence of a * *, * * * result. The description that follows, which is * * and is readily accessible to any one, is well *, as it contains an account of the first * *, *, *, etc., and minor * *, * * * * * * * * * *.
* * * say that the * of learning to see * * years of blindness from congenital *, * by a patient of *, * one of the * * *. * patient was * * * * * *, * * * age. The author describes the difficulties the patient had * by means of * the objects he had * * * * *, and his * * * * * and the * size of objects.
* * * * to be * * without the aid of *, after long years of blindness. * * * * * * *, * years before, * * * cause, and * * * * *. *. * * * *, * at the * * * * * that for * forty years * * * * to blindness, and * * * to the time of his death.
There are many * prevalent among * * as to * *" recovery of *, *, * * * of such * *. The real * * cases are too * for discussion here.
* * * * *, but the general *, making the term * *, is so * that it is * and confusing to attempt * of the old *. The condition in which * * * *, * *, than by day is due * lesion of the * *, rendering it *. * * * * more than in the *, and hence * * * or peripheral portions of the retina * *. It is, therefore, a symptom of * *. * * animals have widely *, and in addition to this they have in the retina * * called the * *, the function of which is * to a focus in front of them the relatively few * * that enter the * * and thus * * * to see their way. Hence the * appearance of * of such * in the dark.
* * *, but by common usage * * * *) is a symptom of a * disease of the retina, * * * also occurs in some cases of extreme *, * having been reported among those who make the * * in the * *. * * * * * * portions of the retina are * * * * * renders them * *, and patients * * * * * * at night as well as others. They * and run * easily seen by the normal *.
* occurs from prolonged exposure of the eyes * * upon which the sun * *. * years ago, * *, who were * * * in the * *, * * of them could not find their way *, * was the *, conjunctivitis, and * * * cases, and many others are *.
Other forms of retinal injury from too great or too prolonged exposure to light are *" due to sleeping with * exposed to * *, and that due to *, *, * reported by *. * * * * * and reviews the reported cases, in number, in ten * * *. In the Annual of the Universal *, there is a report of seven cases of * with central *, *, *, * * *, caused by observation of the sun * *.
* discussing the question of * * of the eyes * * the literature of the subject and * * * up to that time. They * No patient * * * injured, and * was in a person * * * light in a proper manner as an *. * in scientific * * * about the light, * * * * * * at it too long and without * * * * * * * *.
Injuries to the * * of the practice of * * ears, and the possible * * * * *, are well * * *. * * * cases of rupture of the * * the ears, and there is an instance of a boy * * * * on the ear * *, in whom * * early, and death *. * * * * the loss of * following a * on the ear. * *, in a paper * many different causes of rupture of the * *, * the following: A blow in * *; * the nose; * dilatation of * *; * * * * of a tree * * the head; picking the ear with a *. In time * * sometimes have their * * * * caused by the * * *. * * * of an * who was * * * * this manner during the * *. He was * * * *, * * *, * *, * * * * *, followed by hemorrhage from the * * * reported in the recent * * * * * *. * * * * * of the membrane * caused by *. * * * * *, hemorrhagic, and inflammatory, * lesions of the labyrinth, * * * *. * * * * * * *, * the head or *, * listening to a *, *, and finally * * *' *. * * * * case of sudden * * in a young man * * *, * * the parents of his * to ask * * * * to say that after he had had a favorable * * * * *! In the same * there is * of a case of * due to the sudden * *, and an instance of * due to the * of tobacco; * * * a case of * * * * *.
Perforation of the * * * instance in which a * was introduced into the left ear to relieve * *. * * * *, and before the * * * * coughed up from the throat with a * of blood. The * * * at an angle of about *. * * case was that of a * * *, * * * ear with a *, * * * * the arm by a child, and the * forced into the ear; * and deafness *, together with the loss of * * same side of the tongue; after treatment both of * * * *. A man * * * * * * by a needle entering the *. * * * *, *, and so * until the fourth day when he * * auditory meatus was destroyed by *. * of a * who was * in the left ear, * * meningeal artery, * *. In this * * *, * of the common carotid * as a last *. There is an account of * * * * * at a public * *. * * an attendant * * ear with a * used as a * *. A quick, * * the wooden * through the *, * * and subsequent *. There is a record of death, * * * *, caused by the passage of a * * auditory meatus.
* * a case of what * * * * *, in which the * originating in the * * * * by others. The patient was a boy * * * * on the back of his head and had * * nearly two weeks. The * * *, * * on the left than on the right side. The * * * *, * seemed to depend on * * * of the palate. * expresses the opinion that * were due to * * of the * * *, * * under appropriate treatment the * *.
The introduction of foreign bodies in the ear is usually *, although in children we often find it as a result * * *. There is an * on record of a man * accustomed to * flies and put them in his *, * them a * * from the * * * have been cases in which children, and even *, * *, *, * * to their * * * * * * to the *, and while in * the insects have * * penetrated the *. * * enter the ears of persons * * * with the ear to the ground. * * * * * penetrating the ear during sleep. * * * of disease of the ear which he found was due to * of several * * in the interior of the * patient had been sleeping in a * * in which * * similar to those extracted from his *. * * * seen in a * in the * *, *, in the * * and many others *. The insects are frequently * only after * *.
* * * account of two instances of living larvae of the * * in the ears of children. In one of the * * entered the * through a rupture in * membrane. In both cases the * were removed *. * * * * * * *) in the ear * * * *. * * * killed by a *, and removed with a probe.
There is a common * * * have the * * entering the ear and penetrating the brain, causing death. * * knowledge of an instance in which * * * taken from the ear of a * * * * *; during this time they * * * there was no permanent injury. The * * in which, while * *, *, *, *, * have all been taken from the ear. In one case * of a * in the auditory canal was the cause *. * * * instance in which * * * * *. * * * * * * instance of * of a living * in the ear.
Far more common than * * * * as foreign bodies in the ear, and numerous examples are to be found *. * * * of a glass * * * auditory canal of a * of ten, followed by * on the left side, and after four or five years *, and atrophy of the arm. * * it and * * *. * * of an * * * caused by a * of paper in the ear; and it is * for persons in the habit of using a * of cotton * meatus to * the deep entrance of this * * *, and many cases of temporary * * due to * of the cause. A strange case * in a * * *, * * * * * * *, and who * * * * was, in its *, * * * *, * of the symptoms, of the cause of which the * * *. * * * * by the * of various * * *, and are * foreign bodies. * * * *, * *. * * * * * * * * *. It was *, * * * * *.
* * a New * * *, * * * * * * * *; * * * * * * occupying the external auditory meatus. It is * that the * should have remained such a length * without causing * inflammation. There was * * of that side of the face. * * * * * portion of the ear; * man suffered pain and * the ear, and had * great difficulty in * * *. * * * * patient of * *, * * * * * in her right ear. * * *, * *, *, * *. * * *. * weeks after the injury * * * * side, and six * from the injury the patient *. * is interesting from the novel mode of death, * * of the arm, * * of the body * * from the ear * on, and * with it), * * of the petrous *, * * * * * * *.
There is an instance in a young * in which a piece of * remained in the right ear * seven years. * * * * lying in the auditory canal * * * * any harm.
A boy of six * * * * into each *. On the next day * * attempted to extract the * * left side, but only * pain and hemorrhage. The * * from the right side. In the * * * was found * and red, and deep * * * * was found, covered with blood. The patient * * * * * by the * attempts at * * * * * was impossible; * * * * *. Discharge from the *, * fever and * *, and the patient * * * to facilitate the * * *. *, when taken *, was found to have a * * * *, caused by the * * * * * the symptoms of * *; * * * * * followed, and on the next day *. * * collected by *, * * * * work on "Foreign Bodies" is the most * *, * as a consequence of meningitis was found *.
* * * * a woman * * * * * for removal of a * which was in her right ear. * by some of her * to extract the * * * matters worse. The * * * *, * * * * the membrane *. The mere * * * caused the * * *; even after * * necessary to construct a special * to extract * * * * and other signs of * * * * * consciousness and * after the *.
* * * instance in which a * * removed from the * * * lodgment of * * *. * * * * * * * *, caused by the lodgment of a small foreign body * auditory canal. There is an instance in which a * * has been * in the same location for forty years.
*, * *, *, and others, have * the fact that * * * have been frequently seen * in volume * * in the auditory canal. * of an infant, * with his *, * * * in his * which he was not able to extract. The * in volume to such an extent that it was only * * that it could be extracted, and then * * * that death *. * * instance in which a * introduced into the ear * * *.
* of diagnosis is occasionally * * * * * *. * was called to see a child of five * * * * * * left ear. When he saw the * * of all the pain in the right ear, and he * * * first but * nothing to indicate * of a foreign body. * * the ear * * * and there found the * * against the * * explained by the fact that the child * * * * by the previous * of the affected * * * * * * * * * * * *. In the * * * * * * of an * exploration of an * for a * by an * physician, who spent a half * * * *, * whose efforts resulted in * of several pieces of bone. The child died in one and * * * * * hemorrhage, and the * * compelled to appear before a * * * of his *.
In the external ear of a child * * * * which he * * *. The mother of the child * * * * * in her * to remove it and * * *. * * a foreign body * * *, followed by rough *, * *, and death; and there are on record * * * *, induced by rough * to extract a * the external ear.
In the Therapeutic *, * there is a translation of the report of a case * *, in which a child * * a dry * in his *. * * * * * to extract it, but only succeeded in * * *. It was removed by operation on the fifth *, * of the * * caused death on the ninth *.
* * a rare case of * * foreign body in a *, * * forty years, who, * *" * * * * * * *" several hours before *, * * a sudden *" in the ear, as if * * *. And so, indeed, it had; * on the * * attempted to * it quickly from the ear * * of the inner portion of its * * * * * *, penetrated the soft tissues of the floor of * auditory canal, and * * *, * end of this * * * * in her *. * on her part to remove the * * * * * * * * * * * for fear * * * * but to * the point of * * more deeply into the * of the *, * * *. * by her * * * *, * * * advice and *. * *, * found that the lower * of the "invisible *" * at the outer end of its * *, * * * in the floor of the auditory canal, * * * a point * * of its * from the * * *. The loop * turn of the * was about * * * portion of the *, and, together with * *, * * * against the roof of the * from the * there was enough of this * * * * * * * * *. Removal of * * effected by first * within the * * *, * * * * *, * raising the end of the * * with a * *, when the * * * *. The wound * * * *.
In the * forms of *, such as * of the scalp from the * of the hair in *, * * is of particular value. * * * * * * * * case of * that he * *, followed by *. The patient was a * *, an operative in a *, who was caught * * between two * which were * * *; * * * *, as it were, * * * *, forming a large * *. The linear * * * * *, the distance between the two * * * *. This large * * * *, * * of a box, the skull * * of its * * space of by one * * extent. The anterior * was divided * * *, and when * * * the patient was * * * * *. * * * applied to the bleeding *, * it had been * * * * the flap * * held in place with * * * *. * * * * * olive oil * * * * *, covered with * * and with a recurrent *. * portion of the wound * * adhesions, and * * *, cured, in * *. * * * *. *, a relative of the * * of skin, reported the case of a * * * * * * * by her * * * *, leaving a * * *. * * of the nose to the * of the neck, *. from one * * other, and cm. in *. * from the * * *, and the skin from the * stump of a * employed, and the patient was able to leave the hospital * *. * * of a * * * * * * in the * * of a *, * * * * off of her * *. A triangular * * skin was * * * *, the apex of the * * *, from which the long * * *. Both ears * * down the neck, * * above. The right * * *, and the upper * * * * * *. The whole of the head and back * * * * of skin. One of the temporal * *, and the scalp * * *. * * * the skin of the * * * * * * *. The patient had no * symptoms and little * the shock * *. Where the periosteum * * * * *, and at the time of the report * shortly to be *.
* * * * an extensive article on * in which * * transplantation has *, * * * his own * * * *. * was that of a young * * *- *. * * under a * shaft in a * * * * * * it was caught in the *. The entire * * * * the margin of the eyelids to the neck. The nasal * * * *, exposing the superior * *. * of the eyelids * removed from within * mm. of *. The lower margin of the wound * * from the * of the left * process of the frontal * * * below the left ear (which was *, * across the neck, * *. below the * line of the occipital bone, and * through the * of the right * to the right * * of the frontal bone and margin of the right upper * the lid, nose, and left *, to the point *. * vessel and nerve supplying the scalp *, and the * * * * in three places, * * * * * * by seven cm. and another * * cm. The neck * of the wound * away from the * * *, exposing the * * * the distance to the shoulder *. The right ear * * in its lower third, and * by the side of the * a piece of skin less than five *. *. The exposed * the wound * *. from before back, and *. * near the temporal *. The cranial sutures * seen in several *, and only a few * * the temporal * * on each *. * * * the temporal, *, and posterior * * * *. The patient was * * of an * the injury, and the * * * * * * * water, and * back in position, * * * * from the outer surface. * weeks after the * was still free, and * * *. *, * were used, the patient * * * * *. Her own * * * * * *. In ten * she had * *, * * * * * *. * * extent of the injury, and the ultimate results of *.
* * * the case of a woman working in a * * * * *, *, * * * * * * * * * to pick up a *, * * * * * *, * * * * from the * of the neck * *. The scalp * * by her *, *, * placed on her * about two hours after *, but it did not stay in position. Then the head * * * *, but each time the * * * the third time a successful * was performed and * * to work after a period of two years. The * * * * * Way of *, *, * * of a complete * of the scalp, * * of the eyelid and ear. The result of the * * *. * * * * * account of a * * * * * * while working in the * * * *, *. The wound * * * above the *, but the ears * *. * * * in this case but with no *, and the * * an eye by exposure, * retraction of the eyelid.
In some cases * wounds of the scalp * * * * by simply * *. * * * * in a young *, who, in * * * in a * is reported * account of a * on the * *, *, * *, * * * * *. * * * * *, * * * *, * of the outer table of the cranium * *, * * * *.
* * recent advances in * have, in a measure, * * interest and wonder of some of * instances of major * of the cerebral * * *, and in reviewing the older * * remember that the * were made under the * conditions, and without the slightest * * * * * *.
Penetration or even * * of the brain is not always * * * *. * * * the description of a man * *, *, * *, * * * * cm. long and one *. * * *. He had * held the * in his * *. * * * in his * * * * * * * * * hours later * * that he * * * * * * * out of his *. For half * * * * were made, but with no *. He was * the ground and held by two * * * * * * *. * *, he was taken to *, * he was * * * to the ground, * * * * over the * and attached to * which was * to a * * * * * the second turn of the * * * * *. * the efforts at extraction the patient * * * * of no *. A few drops of blood * * * after the removal of the *, and in a few minutes * * to a hospital * * * a few days * or pain. The wound *, and he * returned to work. * on the * * found that the difficulty * was due to * on the *, and by the * of the wound in the bone.
* describes a case of * of seven *' *, * depression of the skull caused by a red * * * * * *. * the frontal * just above *, * * * * into the cerebral * * the history of a boy of thirteen *, * a fork in his *, * from the top of a * * * of the * entered the head * * * and on a * the lobe of the left ear and * upward and * to almost * entire length. With some * * * by a * *; the point * bent on itself * extent of two *. The patient * * *. * * have reported a case of * of the brain with loss *, of which the following * is an *: *, * years old, * * * in his *, * * * *, * * * * * * * * * *. There was * of consciousness, followed by * * * of the *, most marked on the left side, the * * up and the body * *. There was no * *, nose, or *. * * * of the * * fixed in the base of the skull, and was only * * * of the bone by firm * * *. * * upward and toward the middle line, with its * from the middle *. * * was firmly plugged by * the base of the skull. * hemorrhage followed * * * * * and a simple * * * * * * replaced by a few *. It was now found that the left side of the face * * * * *, * inability to close the left *. * * * * * confused, and was * * * to any but the simplest *. * * * *; * * * contracted, the right in * * than the left; * * to light. The left * to lose *. There was * * of the * and of both eyelids and of the right * * * * below the lower *. The conjunctiva * * * * congested, and a small * * on the *, * * * * *. In the course of a * * began to *, first in the left leg and * to a much less extent, in the left arm. For two * * *, and the * * *. * *, and for many * * urine in bed. * * * * * or old *, and had * * * * objects and their uses. The most * was the loss of all * of his life for twenty * * *. As time * on, the period included in * * * was reduced to five years preceding the * * *, although the * * able to get * was lost to all forms of stimuli in the right *, *, and anterior part of the scalp, * the distribution of the * and nasal *. * * * *, and the right *, * * a half external to the angle of the nose, * * * * *. There was * * *, * * * * * * *. * * * *. It is believed that the * * * must have passed under the * to the base of *, * the great * of the * * * * * *, * the anterior * * * tract in the internal capsule near the *.
* * show the outline and probable course of the *.
* * the history of an injury in a man * *, *, * * * *, * * in the orbit * *, * * through the spheroidal * * * and posterior lobes of the left *. * * * at the time he was *, * * minutes after * * * * * * * * * * * * * * had been *, * * * * * * * *, * *, impairment of *.
There is an * given by * of an extraordinary * caused by a *. * * * * * * employed in *, * struck a person a few * * entered the head near the root of the * *, * * * from the outer corner of the right eye, * the head, * at the posterior * * * * bone, a * * from the * *, * the same * above the superior * of the *. * * * attempted to pull * * *, * * * * *. After the tolerance of this * for some time, one of his * managed to extract * when it was * * it was as straight as the day * * * *. Little blood was lost, and the wound * * *; * * of this * injury the *.
* * the curious case of an * man who * * holes through * skull, and at *, at a point above the ear, * inserted into * * * of No. * * * * * *, * * * * long, and a needle * *. Despite these * attempts at * * * *, * * * * by taking * * *. * has given the history of a man *, * * * * * * * * close to his occiput, and a third * * * * * front and * to the left of the middle *. He had * * * * * *, hoping that death * from his *. * * in this, as about * * he was * from the * * * *, * *. There is a record of a man * name of * who was found, by a * * *, * along the *, and was taken to * * of the * *, * * * and died, after having been transferred from * * * * * *. * * * the fact that an * * had been * * * on the right side, just above the ear, and * * by the skin. It had * * * * * when the patient was *, and had * * * several days. * clue to the * was found.
* * the case of a man who * * * * *, and from * * *, * * died, and * * was found the * of a *. * * * gunshot wound of the frontal region, in which the * of an * * * * * the substance of the brain, * * force for *. The patient, a young man * *, * but a short time, and * made a good *. * pieces of bone * *, and the wound * with only * depression of the *. * * of a child * on an * * *, * penetrated the * of the occipital *, below the external orifice of *, * entered the brain for more than * inches; and * * made a * *.
* * knew of a man whose head * * * by a *, * * from the middle of the * * left side of the * of the neck; * * * * * * two days.
* records the case of an * * *, without treatment, * * * days after receiving * * of the skull * in diameter and * *. * * * * of the delay in treatment.
* * * a patient who * before a * *, *, * * * * * to the * * * * * * * behind the right ear. * passed into * mouth, and he * * *. * * from both the internal and external *; * * * to suffer with a * *, * *; * * * * * drawn to the right; * * * in his right ear and * * * * *. These symptoms, together with those of congestion of *, * for about a week, when he *, * * * *.
* * the case of a * * * who was * in the head, * * to the * of the right ear, * * through the left * *, * above the * * *. * *, with a * on the * which the * of the brain could be *. * * were not at all *.
* * of a * who was * by a * * on the left temporal bone; * * * out through the * * * to the left of the middle of the * was only *, * *- * hours later * * *. There was no *; * * * * fragments of skull and * * * * *, when the * * *, * *.
* records the case of a * who was * by a * * *. * * entered the skull beneath the left * * * out of the right eye. * * *.
* describes the case of a boy * * who was * in the head, the * * traversing the brain substance, * * * from the wound. The boy *. * * * * above and in front of the right ear and made * through the * * *.
* * *, *, in an interesting study of * wounds of the brain, * * *.
"It is in regard to injuries involving the brain that the question of the production of * * * * *. We may * * that if the * the great * at the base of the brain are * * *, * * must result; with any * involving the * it will, with very *, *. But there is a very broad area *. Many instances have been recorded in which * of a small * into the anterior part of the * * prevented the * of a second * on the part of *. *, I have not observed such a case, *, aside from the * by the smallest * * * parts of the brain, we may speak with almost * with regard to the production of *, * * to the brain from the * of the bullet upon the * * such a result even if the damage to the brain * sufficient to do so.
* injuries to the brain from * of moderate size and low * do not cause more than a temporary * *, and the subjects are seen by the surgeon, * * * * an hour or more, * * * * are the cases in which the * has lost its * * through the skull, and has * * * to the *, * to make a passage * for a short * into the brain. It is apparently * that, in the case of the * * *, and especially if fired from the modern * * *, * * an enormous * to the bullet, the transmission of the force * * particles of brain (and this rule applies to any * the soft organs as well) to the adjacent * is such as * much of the tissue surrounding the original * * *. Under these circumstances a much * * be necessary to produce * or death * * case of a * of low *, especially if it were * *. * I have * * * instance of * in a * *, an animal * * * * * * we have, from a mere *, less than a quarter of * * *, through the cortex of the brain, * * * * * the removal of the bone necessary for * of this *. * * to the brain from a * * *, as in this case, was * sufficient to * * *. In a similar manner I have known * * * killed by the impact of a heavy * against one * there was no evidence of fracture of the skull. * * *, * * * * after such * * involving the brain, * * *, * I have observed in several *, * * * * of the brain.
* injury to the brain, and especially if it be unilateral, *, may not produce *. It is not * * * * from a heavy * to strike the skull, and * without the production of such a state. Near the * * * * *, * * * at a * * *, at a distance of only a few feet, with a * *, * the culprit on the side of the * * showed that the * * the skull and * * the scalp for several * * *, but it * * * * * down, and no * *. * * * * * who had been * * occipital region by a * of similar *, * * * * in the *. * * was a very * one and did * *, and probably, as in the case of *, because it did not * with sufficient *.
* * with Loss of Cerebral * brain and its membranes may be * *, portions of the cranium * * * or lost, and yet * * the most * injury of this class was that * * and commonly known as * *" or the * *" * *. *, * *, * * * * * * *, was employed * * * a hole * * preparatory to *. * * * * *, * * * *, * in diameter, * * through the * head. The iron * * * *; * * * * first. The * against the left side of the face, * * * * * * * under the * * portions of the * bone and the floor of * *; * * passed through the left anterior lobe of *, and, in the median *, * * * at the * * * * * *, * * *, * the parietal and * bones, and * * of the brain; the globe of the left eye * * of its diameter. The patient was * * * a few * * of the extremities. * * to a * * *, and during the * * *, but not at all *. * * * * * * from the *, * * * up a long flight of * to the * * * was to be *. * * * at about * * * *, and from his * * * * * of his injury, although his person and his * * with blood. * * * *, * * * *, and among other portions of bone was a piece of * * * of each * bone and a * of the frontal *, * an opening * *. * *. on the day of the injury * * * * * about his work and after his *. * * * set in for a few days, and on the eleventh * * * vision in the left eye. * * * * *. It was said that he * pieces of bone * substance from his * for a few days. The iron * * * with blood and cerebral substance.
As was * * such a * case of cerebral * * * *. Not only was the case * * * * loss of cerebral substance, but in * * * * the brain from either * compression, and subsequent *. * * the patient in *, and made a most * of the case, and it is due to his efforts that the * * *. * found the patient * in his * of body and *, except that he * * sight of the injured *. * * a linear * * * near the angle of the * of the left lower * * * * * * and he had no * * * *. Upon the head, well covered by the hair, * * * depression and elevation. In order to * * it might be possible for a * of the size * * to traverse the skull in the * assigned to it, * a common skull in which the * * * * * above, and having * * * near the * of the inferior *, * * * * * * * line of the cranium * in front of the junction * * * * *. * * * * * * allowed the passage of the * in question, and the * * * * with the lesion said to * received by the patient. From the * process of * * there was * a fragment * * * in length. * *, in the * case, might * * and subsequently *. The iron *, * * * of the * *, was placed in the * * * * *.
* * * * to his paper. In the * the parts are as *.
* view of a * * representing the iron * * * *.
* view of *.
* of the base seen from within. In these three * the optic foramina are seen to be intact and are occupied by * *.
* taken from the * head of the patient representing the appearance of the fracture in the anterior * * elevated in the profile *.
The iron * * length and diameter in proportion to the size of the other *.
* * a case in which, by an *, * * * * through the * of a man into the cerebrum. * * loss of *, * * * * * * *. A second case was that of a man * * *, * * in the skull. There was * * *, from which, *, * * * *. This man * *.
* * a case in which an * somewhat similar to that in * case was produced by a *.
* * *, * of loss of * with subsequent *, * * as much * * * * an egg *; the patient * had an * speech and * *. * * gives the * * * who was struck on the head by a * * * * from a height. The skull * *; * * were driven into the brain. For three days the * * and almost *. After the eighth * * * * *, from the * * *, and a large quantity of *" * * * soon after, the eyes opened, and in * * * * * objects. In four months * *. * * * * * to a *, * * * between a * and a small *; * * of the occipital * was taken * * *, * * * to the * *. * * the patient was * cured by another * *. * * * injury to a * * *, * * * * * * * that the anterior * opened; and * the patient *. * * * of fracture of the skull out of which his father * * of brain and some fragments of bone. * * * * * * * an the opposite side and * *. In his * *" * * * the story of a * * * * * * skull, and a * * * * in its place. * * of the country * * man, and * * * * * * * to have the * * * *.
* * the history of an injury to a * * years old. * * on a * a few feet from a * * * *, * * * *, * * * *, * * just above the ear, * * * * * in his *. * * * he was * *, and his * * with blood which was * from the wound with mixed * * * *. The cut * * on a level with the orbit, * * *, and, owing to the convex shape of *, a little less *. * spicules of bone *, and a * was placed on the * * * * * for the inspection of the surgeon, who on * * at least two * of cerebral substance * *. Contrary to all * this man *, *, he had a marked and peculiar change of voice, and * *. From the time of the * of the injury * * * * * * * a pronounced * the injury, the patient was considered a *, * * *, * * regarded as * he became *, *, *, * * * * * * *. These new * *, and more strikingly so soon as convalescence *.
* * a case reported in of extreme injury to the cranium and its contents. While sleeping on the * of a *, a man * * * * injured by striking * against a bridge. * seen by the surgeon * * * and his * saturated with blood. There was a * in the scalp from the * * to the *, *, * full of *, the wound was still *. * * on a * * * * up a portion of the *, * fragments of the os *, * entire right *, detached from its * along the * *, * the occipital along the * *, * * * some of the occipital * together with some of * portion of the temporal bone. This bone * * * * * as if it had been removed from a * * * * * *. * sight of the membranes or of the substance * * was obtained. * piece of * * * * in the * diameter, and * * * * diameter. The * * an hour, at the end * the patient * to his * * * * * * * had happened. * years after the * * * * * *, and gradual * * * leg and arm and the opposite side of the face, * * * was in * condition. In place of the * the head * a marked deficiency as though * * * * * * out. The * * * * * *. * * * left the hospital in * * * *, but his * * could be *. He became * * * * *.
* * the history of a case in a woman * *, *, while working in a *, * * by a *. * * * * * into the brain *. * * * was a bit of *, the size of a * * * as well as white matter. * *, there was no *, and at the time of report the * * of no *, not even a headache. * * indicative of the * of the injury except * * the edge of the hair on the upper part of the right side * *. *, in a * * *, * * * very severe injury to the bones of the face and head, * of cerebral substance, and recovery. The injury * * * * *.
There was a * * of the *. *" * * through a * from the *, * on the vertex * *. There was * bleeding from the ears, * * of blood * in a few hours, * * * * *. The next day the discharge *, and in it were found small pieces of *. In five weeks the * returned to * only of * and of a *" *. * 1846
there is a record of a man * * * * from a * at a height of *, * on his *. He was * *, * * * to the hospital *. A small * was found over the right * from which was a portion of *. * * hemorrhage from the right *, and some pain in *, but the * * * * *. * * * a fragment of the cerebral substance, * * of a *, together with some *, * * * *. In this case the inner wall of the * * *, * * for the * *.
* * * * a case of intracranial injury with extensive destruction of * around the *; there was * but with loss of the so called *. The patient, a * * *, * * * *, * * by a * * * as a * *, * * * *, * a compound * of the cranium. The right eye * * * * *; * * * full of * * of bone, * of which were removed, * * * * by three *. The base of the skull * * * *; * * * * * *, * * * * could be easily *. * * * * * *. * * * after the *. The accompanying * * * show the extent of the injury. The lower half of * * *, the greater half of the *, the posterior third of the lower and middle *, the base and posterior end of the *, and the base of the corresponding portion of * * * involved. The sensory and motor * * * were retained in a relative *. There was * * *, * * * * *. * * * * *.
* * a patient of *, who was * in a * * * *, *; there was a * fracture of the skull involving the left *, * * * *. The side of the head * * * * *; * * * * * * there was injury to the * * *. There was * * * * days and * * *, *, *, *, 6th, and 7th cranial nerves, * the left side of the face. There was scarcely * left to the orbit to maintain life in the globe. * * *, * * * from the injury * of cerebral *.
There is the record of a * * in a man * *, who was struck on the skull by a circular *. * * * down into the brain, * * * *, * * * branch of the *. The wound * filled with * left by the * * * * through the parts. * * * * *.
* * a compound * fracture of the left * region, with loss of bone, together with * * *, which, however, * followed by *. * * instance of compound * fracture of the * loss of *, in which * * * * *. *, *, *, *, *, * and many others, cite instances * fracture and loss of *, * *. * * the history of a boy * *, * * *, had the * of a * * * * * * * * in the frontal * the os *, * * * * *, and causing severe hemorrhage from both * * * *. * * * * out by *, * * his own face, and * *; * * *, in which * * * for some *; * *, * * complete recovery.
Loss of * from Cerebral * * * * * results of a * held on a young man * * suffered from a cerebral tumor of *. It was stated that, although there was a cavity in * at least five * in length, the patient, * * * time of death, * * of the * * *, *, * *, * * control over * muscles, and could *. In fact, he was * in no other * than by loss of *, * * on the optic *. It was * stated that * * * * remarkable, and, up to within * * his death, the patient was able to * *. * * * * * in cases similar to * * *. At a recent * * * * * * were shown.
* Fractures of the Skull. * * * instance of extensive fracture of the skull, pieces of the * found. The patient * * weeks and two days after *, the immediate cause of death * edema of the * language was * * full of *. *, * * *" states that he had * * * * * case of a * * * * * years, who received
18 * * wounds of the head, * * * as to * pieces of bone; but, * * severe injuries, * *. At the * Hospital in *, * was received a * with at least six * * * *, in some cases * the periosteum and * *. During a * * * * she had been * * * with a * with whom * *, and was * * several times on the head with an *. * * * *, and was discovered the next * with her * * and the floor on which * * * * * * * * to take her to the *, * * * of the police it was * * * signs of life *. * * to the hospital she * * *, *, and exhibiting all the signs of * and shock. * * * * *, * * * not permit of any other treatment than * compress and a * * *. * * to the hospital *, * * * * *, after which * * *. * * * that it was not * advisable to remove the * the fourth day, when it was * that the * * * * and suppuration * virtually absent. * * * * *, and her *, * * *, * * believe that she was the same *, a few days before, they were * to take to *.
A serious injury, which is not at all *, is that caused by * * * water, or into a * from which water * *. * * * * * * * * *, * at a * * in which the * he had had a *, and without *, took a *" into the *, * * to strike * to ten * of water. * * * * * * * * below (the water * * * * *) * * * brain and skull * * *.
There are many cases on record in which an *, particularly a gunshot wound of the skull, * * * * *, * death by producing a fracture of the internal table of *. * * details of the case of a * * * * by a * and who was * by a *, * * sign of injury, but it was * found that * an internal fracture of the cranium. * * * among the older * * somewhat similar * there are several * * reported as having * the War of the *. * * a case in * * * * * to a much greater extent * *.
Fracture of the base of the skull * * * of as a fatal *, reported instances of recovery * *, * *, in a paper on this subject, * * statistics of * fracture of the base of *, *.
Male. Female. Anterior fossa, * *,
Posterior fossa,.
Middle and anterior *,
Middle and posterior *.
Anterior, middle, and posterior * *- *- *, * In a paper * * fractures of the base of the skull, * * * account of *. * * a case * * * * who was * * by a * * by a pair *. * * fracture of the base of the skull, * * of the face, and of the left ulna, and although * the points of fracture *, followed by an * * * * * *. *, * * *, * * instances in which the base of the skull * * in and the * of the jaw impacted in the * * transmitted through the lower *.
* tolerance of foreign bodies in the brain is most *. In the ancient * * * there is recorded * of a man who * * * carried in his * * of iron as large as his *. After its * * which the subject was little *, * * * by the * *. There is also an old record of a * near the sella turcica for over a year, the patient * of an entirely * *. * * the history of an injury, in which, without causing * *, * * * between the skull and * six months.
* * * of a * * who was * in a * with a long, * * which was * * *. No apparent * *, and death from * * * years after the * of the injury. On * * a large piece of * was found between the skull *. It is said that * * * * * *, at the * * *, in the right * by a * * * by the *; * * for twenty years *, the wound * * *. * *, * came to *, and five years after, * * * * *, he was * by a * * * *, * from one of his * a piece of the * * * point of considerable *.
In about * died in the * * * * * *- *, who had * * as an intelligent man, but * * * * suffered from * * * * covered with * was discovered in his *; * history of his life and from the appearances of the nail * * * * in the cerebrum * *.
* * a case in which, after the death of a man * * * following a * of the intestines, * * * * * in width * * brain to the depth of one *. * * * * * * fibrous capsule * thick, and the * * apparently normal. * * * * *, and had * * between the * * as there was no * * displacement of the *. * * * broken off * on a level with the * * remained in situ until the time of death * * * *. * does not * * * *, * that he was a * man and a * at the time of *, and had * the best of health up to the time * * in the abdomen. *, * * * * that he knew of an * who lived seven years with * of a * * * * * * *.
* * * impaction of a portion of a * of a * in the * of a man * * years, with * and recovery. * * of a similar case in which * of the * * * * * *, and was * in the brain for two months * * death of the patient.
* * of the lodgment of a * * * long in the brain * *, * * * caused by * *. * * a person who for some * * * * * in the brain and ultimately * * * * from the frontal sinus * *' *, with successful *. * has given * in which the * of a * remained in the * *, * * * *. * * * * which a * received in a gunshot wound of the brain * * * * *; * * a similar * * * * * in the brain for * *. * * * * * * from the brain * * *' *.
*, *, *, and other foreign bodies, are from time to time recorded as remaining in the brain for some time. * * * statistics on this subject, commenting on
316 cases in which foreign bodies * * in the brain, * all the necessary information to persons * * *.
* of the nose, with marked *, are in a measure * * * * * restoring the missing * the injured *. *, * * * of the * *, * an operation * * his name, and consists * * * nose from the * of the arm. The arm is * to the head and * * * by an * or system of * * * days, at which time it is * that it can be * * * * * of the nose is then *. * * * made from the upper lip. In the * * was a * * * * * * * patients from the gluteal regions of other persons, *, * to say, is not * * *. * * * on the a * * * *; but in recent years the * *, * * * * * is generally *. * *, *, * * * * methods of * *, which bear their names.
* * a case of * in a man * *, * *, who was originally affected with *, * * * * a most * * *. The accompanying * shows the * * * * * * * * shortly after the *. This case is * * * of plastic * in the hands of a * * *.
* *. *. *. * then of * *, *, restored the missing bridge of a * * * * * * * in two * *, * the distal * * * * of the * * * * *, *, etc., and binding it into the wound of the nose * * * * place. The finger * * * * * joint and the plastic * *, with a * both to patient and *.
There is a case * of a young man who, when first seen by his * *, * all the soft parts of the nose * * of the left * and a thin * of the * * lying on the upper lip. The missing * * * * *, and after an * * * *. * * * * with a * * * on the tenth day the * * *; the nose * * and well, with the single exception of a triangular * the right side, which was too * * by the * * blow to recover. When we consider the * * * we can readily * the possibility of the *, and there is little doubt that more * * * portions of the nose * render the * * * a very rare *.
* * * * case of * * in which the *, passing through the * process of the * *, * the vomer to the extent of its *, * back through the right * into the * swallowed, and * from the anus.
Deformities of the nose * * development, or the condition * *" * *, *, * others, are * results of a pathologic * * sebaceous glands. In some cases tumors develop from the * the nose, * * appears to be a second *. * * * * divide the nose into many tumors. * * portion of this * * * * about a man * a daily * of the * *. * * * * * * *, * * * *. * * have been observed in recent years. * a case in which the tumor extended to the lower part * * *, * * * * mouth and * such an extent that while sleeping, in order to * *, he had to insert a * into one * *. * * * * * * operating on a * * *. * * * was divided into * * * * * * *, * * surface of the face, adherent to the * * which they extended, and covering the *. In the * the tumors * * * and mouth, and the * to bend * * before and after *. * * *: * had to * * * away from *, and during sleep the * * * supported in * attached to his * *. * * such a * that he was * * * * * * been in progress * * years, but * *' * * * * the enlargement * very rapid. * says that the most * * * * which was considered * *.
Foreign bodies in the nose * * * * * wounds of this organ. Among the living * which have * in the nose may be mentioned *, *, *, *, and even *. * * * * person who died in two days from the effects of a * * * introduced into the nasal *, and there is * * case of a * *, a member of * * * *, * * * water from a * *, about a half * *, a persistent * the nose. * * *, * * * *. * *, called in * *, which, however, proved of no *. * * * carried in his * * * * *, * * * solution, and, on the next day, * * *, * * from the right * a body * * as a *. * gives the history of four * * * * were removed from the mouth and * of persons who had, for some * *, * * *. * * the removal of a * * * *.
In some *, * * * *, there are certain * * * into the * of the * * *, in the cavities. The larvae develop and * * *, and sometimes * * * * *, causing intense *, and even death.
* * * instance of the lodgment of numerous * * within the cavity of the nose, * sloughing of * and other complications. * * a case * and abscess of the * and face * * * *. * gives the history of a * * hemorrhage from the nose and adjacent * * * to be due to * from the ova of a *, * * * in the nose while the patient was *. * a case in which * traversed the * *, * * out of the *, * * * * * records the * entrance of a * * *. There is an account of a native who was * * * * *, saying that a small * * * * *. The urine of these animals is very * * * * *. * * * * died in consequence of the entrance of this *.
There have been * among the older * in which a * has remained in the nose for such a length of time as to * * *. * * * * * * *, * * * the history of a young *, who, in
1718, * * * * * *; in three * * * to such an extent as to fill the whole *. * * be extracted by an *, * * * * * * sneezing, and the * * *.
* and the * * * instances of tolerance of foreign bodies in the nasal * * * * * *. *, * reported a *, * composed of a * enveloped in *, that had * after a * * * years, with intense * * * of its *. * * the case of * * * * *, with a * * *, * had been introduced * years before, * * * years had caused no symptoms. * * * * * bone, to which * * * * had been retained in the * twenty years., * * * instance of a * * * * and a half years had been impacted in * * of a child. It was detected by * and was *. * * of a * * * removed from the nose * * *' *. * the removal of a foreign body from the nose * * * *.
* * a large * from the posterior *, although it had remained in its * for some time *. * a case in which a * * impacted in the * *. * *, of a case of persistent * * of the face, caused by a foreign body in the * * * removed after * *' lodgment and * *. * has an observation * * of a fragment of a * * * * * in the nasal *, where the * * broken off * *.
A peculiar *, sometimes seen in nervous individuals, is that of * the tongue." * * that in some cases * * * the tongue * *, * *, and sometimes with fatal *. There are * * * of cases *, but this * is very * Major is possibly the only one who has to a * the fact by a * examination. By * he was * to observe a * in a woman, * the tongue * * * on the epiglottis, * * * *. * * * * *" both with and without section of the * * a similar *, due to * * *.
Analogous to the foregoing phenomenon is the habit of "tongue *" * * a young * * * * * * *, * * to this * says that from infancy the patient was * * *, which was * * as to be heard in all parts of *. The continued action of the * * * * * the ligaments and muscular * the joint as to render them unable to resist * action of "tongue *" * during sleep.
Injuries to the * describes a man * * *, while working, had a habit of * * *. * * was hit under the * by the chain of a * on a *, * * * * * * * *, * * * *, and dividing the entire structure of the tongue * arteries. The edges of the wound * * * * sutures, and after the removal of the latter * * * restoration of the * * * *. * regeneration of a * tongue; and * * * * of almost entirely * parts of the tongue. * * * of the tongue * * * * * *.
There is an account of a * * who, May * * at the battle * * by a * * * the left *, * * the last * * * * * * passing through the tongue, * * * * side, and * * * * of the left lower * * *, * * *, one of the teeth * from an * of the tongue. * * of a boy * who was * at three * *. The bullet * * teeth and passed through the tongue, although it * * of the pharynx, and was passed from the anus * * *. * * a case of an * * * * * with a * in his *, * * * the roof of the pharynx. * * of a sore throat * days, and, after *, * removed from * * a piece of * * * * * * of a case * carcinoma of the tongue, * * due to the lodgment of a piece of tooth in that *.
* Without the * or partial destruction of the tongue does not necessarily * * * * a man who had nothing in his * * *. When he was *, he was attacked by an * * * of this *. The epiglottis, * *, in fact the surrounding structures * *, *, which was at first *, * * * * * * interfered with. * * * of a man * * * * *, * of which he * * for three years, but * able to make * understood by an ingenious * *. * * under the stump of the tongue a * of wood, in a most * * replacing the *. * with the absence of some constituent of * * has been * of on * * Hypertrophy of the * * * that the tongue is so large that it is rendered not only * but a * to the performance of the ordinary * * * * *. *, *, *, *, * *, * * instances in which a large * * either by * * *. * * * * in which * was caused by the * * * * *. There is a modern record of three * * *, the result of simple *. * * the tongue * * from the angle of the * the sides * * to the opposite *, * of the * *.
* * a case in which hypertrophy of the tongue was reduced to nearly the normal size by first * * *, and six weeks later the common carotid artery. * * dislocation of the lower * from an *. * * of enlargement of the tongue causing death.
The above conditions are known as *, which is a congenital hypertrophy of the tongue analogous to * is of slow growth, and as the organ enlarges it * * * *. It may protrude over the * * * as far down as the sternum.
The great * may cause deformities of the teeth and lower *, and even * itself as an enormous tumor in *. * * * itself may *, * * there is constant * of saliva. The disease * due to congenital defect * by frequent * glossitis, and the treatment * in the removal of * * by the *, *, * *, *.
* * in the * the most interesting cases of foreign bodies are those in which * * * * and esophagus. * has collected * cases in * was caused by * * entering the mouth and * *. He has * a case in which a * * into the mouth of a * *. * * the esophagus * * *, * abandoned, and * made to push the fish * with a *, which was, * *, *. However, the patient * * *, and, to all *, *. The trachea * opened, and * was restored. * * of the * * * * * pieces of fish * * *. * * * * * * is not uncommon among the * * * are in the habit of * with their * * * * * *. There is a case in which a *, * * engaged in * a net, * * * * * * * trying to escape through the * of the * it with his *. A sudden * effort of the * it to enter the * *, and he * * * * reached the *. * * * was found in the cardiac end of the stomach. * * case of a man * *, who held * * * * * * * *. The fish, in the * of death, * down the throat, and because of * of its * it could be * * but not *, *, *. * * * * case of a native *" * * who was the victim * * * * from the impaction of a living * * *. The native * * the fish, and in order * * * * * * * *, * * * the left hand and the * with the right. He had * * *, when the fish * * * with his * * * *, * * * to release * * the fish and * * * * at the same time. * * * * * mouth, and, although * * * with his * hand, and * * pharynx with his * * *, the fish * * way into *. * attempts at * * * * likely to *; * * * *, * * * * head erect without the most * pain and he * * * * * *; it was * to push the fish into the stomach, and after * * * hours the symptoms * *. * * this instance was the * * * * *" *, * derives its name from its power of * * and its ability to live out of water for some time. It * four to five * long and has a * * * * * * * directed toward the tail, and * * * * *; * * * of entrance, * * * *. * * the history of * man who, * * a fish, * * * *. The fish, * * *, by a sudden *, * *. * * *, *, * with the * of blood and mucus. * * of the face, neck, and chest. The fish could be * impacted in the tissues, but, * * * * *, together with other efforts at extraction, the * * * hours after the *. * time the * * extended to the scrotum. * * * * * fluid, and on the third * *, but the symptoms * *, * * * * * *. * * * * *, accompanied by * *, in a *, * *, * * * a live *. * was about three * in length and one in *, * * lying on the dorsum of his tongue and, together * * of blood, * * *. * * * the fish * * were made. * * * * * * * * * *, which it * * * * * * * * by the forceps * * side to *. * this it was easily * * for some time. There was little * * * of the offending object, and the blood * * * * injuries to the sides of the mouth, caused by the * * * *, not torn. There is an interesting * a native * *, *, * * in a *, * * * * * * * * * long. After * of his * * attempted to kill the * * * * *; in the attempt the fish * * * *, * to its * * could not be *. * * * * later in the greatest *; * * was the * * even after * it could not be extracted, and the * * with it protruding from his *.
* * in the *, a surgeon in Her * * *, * * * * received a note * * *, * * * * would see a man who * * * * in his * which he was unable to get rid of. * * *, and thought that possibly the * * * under a *. * * outside the * * * *, * found an old * * waiting for *. * *, * at once * out a large quantity of * blood to assure * of the serious nature of *. * * * out with the aid * * * * * he was * * * * and felt * * in his *, * * * *. * * * * *, and it * in swallowing, and occasionally *. * * * * began to * * blood, and this continued * * *. * stated that he * * blood, and that * * that he was going to *.
* * * *, a large * of blood was found to be adherent to the posterior wall of the pharynx. * * * of blood, no signs of the presence of a * * *. *, * account of the symptoms * * * * * * * * * into the lower part * pharynx and toward the esophagus, where a body, *, * *. * * * * with the forceps, * * * managed to remove *. It was a * * and three * in length, and with a body of the size of * *. No doubt during the * * * * in the * * * * * increased in * it must have been an animal of considerable * * * attempted to * *. * * this case as a
typical example of the * * * of the class * * * * *, as to the nature of the water *. This man * * * * * * of a * * the side of the *, rather than * a few hundred * * * where the water * * clear and pure. * * * * with another case of * * * * *, * * * that such cases are occasionally * * * and other * in the * *. * * as to the purity * * of their * shows the difficulty * * * * * * to prevent the * of a * * * * * * * * during a * * *.
Foreign Bodies in the Pharynx and * * a boy * * * * * * *. * to pull * *, but it was firmly *, and a * called. By * * * * * * *, the weight of the * * * *, and both * * * * * *. * * * * * method of * a piece of * * * application of trypsin. * * of a * * * * a piece of * *, * *, * * penetrated the esophagus, and in * * the recurrent * * *, giving rise * most serious * inflammation and * *. A peculiar case is that of the man who * * * at the * *. He was * * * * which were at a considerable * * head, and was * up with his * *, when the * * * * * * in such * as not * * * face and enter * *, * * * * * esophagus and * in the lower part of the stomach *, and a great piece of lead, * * * taken from the stomach after *.
* relates the history of a * * * * * * * *, together with their * *; * * * * * * * * after a * * *. * * of a young * *, * *, * a fragment of bone. For a long time * * * *, * * * * * * *, and, although the young woman * * the last stages of *, * * * * *. * * reported the case of a young man * * * * * piece, which became * in the * of the esophagus and could not be removed. For * * piece of money remained in this *, during which * * * * * * pain and often * * * *, * *, * *, * blood, and went into the last stage of *. * * * * *, following a * and syncope, * * * to the stomach, * young man * great quantities of *. * years, the * had not been * by the rectum.
Instances of migration of foreign bodies from the esophagus are * *. There is an instance of a needle * * * * in the esophagus, but * * was extracted by an * at a point * * *. * * of a * * * * * * * extracted from the muscles of her * * * * has collected the most interesting * cases of migration of foreign bodies. * * cases of grains of wheat abstracted from * * * *, * * * * days after * * * have reported * *. * * * * of wheat * * exit from the axilla, * * * * of the back from which was extracted * * * * months after ingestion. * * * * instance, in which, * months after ingestion, * attack of *, a foreign body was extracted from * of the thorax, between the * and 3d *. * * * * in the heart of a *. * * that she had * it at a time calculated to * * years before * *. * * of a small * the esophagus and extracted through the skin.
Abscess or *, * * *, caused by the lodgment of foreign bodies in the esophagus, often leads * most serious *. There is an instance of a * * a bone * * *, who died on the * from the rupture * of an * * * reported the history of a case of a child * *, * * for some time with impaction of a * in the esophagus. Less than * * * * * with all the symptoms of *, due to *, and at the autopsy * * * seen in * wall of the pharynx, * * * * * * * * * in the bodies of the *, * * * *. * * * * * which a man * with a * * it in the * it in his mouth. The * * * * * and caused death on the * *. At the autopsy * found that an * communicating with the trachea * * in the pharynx and esophagus.
* * * * in this * is that in which a foreign body in the esophagus ulcerates, and * * * * major vessels. * * a man * *, * *, * * * as of a * * *. * * * * * *, * * * * * * * * of blood. On the following * * * a bone * * long and died on the same *. At the autopsy * * that there was a * in the posterior wall of *, * * long, and a corresponding * * *. There was blood in the pleura, *, *, *. There is one case in which a man * * died, after * blood, and at the autopsy * * that a needle * * the posterior wall * esophagus and * the aorta. * has collected 31
cases in which * caused by foreign bodies in * has resulted in perforation of the walls of some of * vessels. The order of frequency * * *, *, *; vena cava, *; and one case each * of the inferior * *, right coronary * *, the right * * *, * * artery. In three of the cases * * * autopsy and the vessel * was not known.
In a child of three years that had * * *, * * rupture of the * *. No symptoms * * weeks later, the child had an attack of *, from which it seemed to be * *, * * * * * of bright red blood in *, * * out of proportion to the loss of blood. *, * * *, but soon * * * * more of blood and died in a few minutes. * * * of blood was found in the stomach, and * was discovered on the right side of the * into a cavity, in which a * * * * * passed along the aorta into the * * * * * about the bifurcation of the vessel.
* has described a perforation of the esophagus and * by a * *. * * preparation of *, showing the * in situ, is in the * * relates the instance of a woman * * * a fish *, * * * * *, * * * hours. The * revealed a penetration of * through the thoracic portion of the esophagus. * * in the * * * * described by * which the aorta and the esophagus * perforated by a * piece of bone. * * * instance of * perforation of the aorta by a *.
In some cases penetration of the esophagus allows the further penetration of some * membrane or organ in the * as the foregoing *. * * a case in * * was caused by penetration of the esophagus * by a *. * * of a patient who * * *. On the following day there was pain in *, and by the fourth day the * extended to *, * *, *, and death on the fifth * the autopsy it was found that a foreign body, * *. * * the pericardium, causing a *. * * a unique instance of death * * arising from perforation of the esophagus by *. The patient was a man * *, and, some * * * * * for treatment, * * * a severe pain * * in the neck. * * * he had had a severe *, followed by * *. * died of a * * on the fifth * * * * was found against the esophagus and *.
In connection with foreign bodies in the esophagus, it might be interesting to * * * has collected * * for the removal of foreign bodies, resulting in * * *. * * cases with *.
* of the neck are usually * * * * or in *. * * says that while * * *, * * * of having * * *, * * that the * * * * in an important *, * that he would die * * *. When he was told that the * * * * * *" * * out the * *. * * * * of a man with an arrow in * * *, who was * * affected before *, but who died immediately after the removal of *. Among the remarkable * * * of the * * * * *, of a young man who lived * * days after receiving a * through the neck * 4th and * *, dividing the vertebral *, *, * *, all mention * * * * in which the esophagus as well as the * *, and food * from the external *. * the history of a case in which the vertebral * * by the discharge of a * loaded with *. * * * by compression and *, and after * of a * and a piece of bone from the wound, * * seen a month * * * *. * *, *, * reported the case of a * * * in the neck with a * *, * * * * * below its *. He was * * * in an apparently * *, but efforts * * * made. The hemorrhage *, and at the time of report, the * * * of one who had had * * * * * one side, * *, *. * * * a case * * in which the carotid artery was * * * * internal and external branches, and says that * * plugged by an * * *, and in * manner the patient was *. * * the case * * of nineteen, * * on a * * that she *, * * both the right common carotid artery * jugular vein. There was * * * for a time, and subsequently a false *, * * in about three *, giving rise * * *; * the severity * injury and the extent of the hemorrhage, * *. * relates the instance of a woman * * *, * * division of all the vessels of the * * * * over an * * * * *.
* * * instance of a * of the First * *, who was * * * by a * * *. The common carotid was divided and for * * * * hemorrhage which, however, strange to * *. The patient died in * * from spinal * * *. * Relative to * of the common carotid artery, * * the fact that the artery has been * in 228
instances, with *. * * * * * in four and a half *, as a treatment for a *, with subsequent *. * * a case * of the * * * * * * (likely a hematoma due to a * injury of * artery). The patient was in profound *, * * and was * * on the * * * * * at the wrist and only a * * * pulmonary artery.
*, *, *, * *, all mention * wounds of the trachea and esophagus with *. * * * * cases in which part of the trachea * * by a *, * *. *, *, *, * * * of the trachea with the absence of *, in which the * * * *, * results. In his * *" * * *, * * *, * the sense of * * * * of the larynx; according to an old *, * * * * after a similar * * a boy * * * * on a * the thickness of the index *, * * * right to left; * * to a * *, *, with the * in situ. In about two * * * * *. * * he had no * any importance, and his * was not affected, but for * he had * *.
* gives a full account of a * who was * to a hospital * and a half hours after * * *. He had * * * * across the neck, from one * the jaw to the other, * open the floor of the mouth * from the inner border of the * * *, leaving the large vessels of the neck *. * * passed through the * *, * * * *, and through the pharynx down to the *. There was little *, but the * * * * speak. The wound * *, * *, * * * * on the chest by a * *. * * * * * tubes and rectal *; * * speech and * * *. * * * * * removed and recovery * * * * an extraordinary case of a woman * * * * * * *, * she had been * for three *. * * * * * * * * * *. * * * in hand, with a huge * in the back of the neck and * * about in a * manner. The * * * skin, subcutaneous tissues and muscles, the ligaments *, * the spinal canal, but not cutting the cord. * used to * * * * was a * *. * * * * * * to the sixth *.
* records a case of * in a man * *. He had a huge * * of the neck, extending to within a * of the * on each side. The trachea * * severed, the * * was not more than *. * * * *, * the ends of the * with four * * sutures, and, as the * * the country, * * * * cavity of the wound * * *. * * the superficial * * * * sutures, and, * * *, * * * *. * emphasizes the fact * * theory of * wounds of this * * *. * * the case of a * * * * * by cutting through the larynx, * the epiglottis * * of the pharynx. * * was found, and recovery *.
* describes the case of a * * * *, * * from the *, * * by the * of the * a small * from a *. * * entered the *, * over the * *, * upward and * into the neck, * * * at a point * the thyroid * * in the left side of the neck. The patient had *, * * * * * * *. * * * * * *, * * several days. * * *; and in less than * weeks the * returned to *. From the same * there is * of five reports of * wounds of the neck, * of which the patients * and returned to *.
* describes the case of a man * * * * * inflicted by a * *. The first * * *; * a deep * over the * muscle; the * from the right * * * * middle of the jaw * down to the * of the trachea. * *, the external thyroid, and the facial * *. * did not find it necessary to *, * * to check the hemorrhage with * * * * * *, * *. * * hours the wound *; the patient *, and was returned to * * * *.
* * reported the case of a man * years old who in an attempt at * with a *, * made a deep * * left side of the neck. * * * * * *; the internal jugular vein * cut through, and * * * * * * apart; the common * * * into, but not *; the thyroid * *, and the external and anterior * * *. * * * applied to the * and one on each side the * in the common * which a small * of blood, certainly not * *, * out. The left * * * * * * *, * * * * * * * *, * * * * with a capacity of *, with an * * attached to a * * * * *. * * * of fluid * *, * * made a short, * *; * * a deeper one (the radial * * now be * *; * * * * * * and deep; * * * * * * *, * did not appear to *. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * surrounded by * * and the foot of * * *. In the course of an hour the patient * sufficiently to answer in a * * to his * * *. * * rapidly until * day, when * * *, * * * * by a small *, * * *. The wound was at once opened and blood * * the distal * of the carotid artery and *, which were * *. The common carotid artery * *, so that * were applied to the internal * * and to the internal jugular with a small * * it. The patient was in great *, * *, only to suffer * hemorrhage from the * * days later. This was controlled by pressure *, and a * of hot * was injected into the * this time on the patient made a slow *, a small * the lower part of the neck * on the removal of * *.
* describes the case of a woman who * * with a common *, * the thyroid, *, * * * of the trachea, and * * * * *; * * *.
There is a * case of * of a woman who, * under the effects of *, * * * of a * * *. From all *, * * * broken off * * * she had * * * with the * in her *, * * * against the spine, * the point of the * to run * in front of * *. On postmortem examination, a sharp * * about two * *, corresponding to the missing * * * * *, was found lying between * wall of the esophagus and the spine. * * * * gunshot wound of the neck in which the * * * in the posterior portion of the neck and was * by the anus.
* of the cervical *, * * grave, and * by some authors to be * *, *, * * followed by death or * * *. * a man * * who, in a * * *, * from a *, * * * * to his neck and * *. * * * *, and in doing so * * of the 4th * *. * * * * * by the * of the *, and there was complete recovery in ten * * the history of the case of a * * * * by a * from a * *. * was reduced and held by adhesive *, and the * a good *. * * * *, * a fracture of the * * caused by a fall * back of the head; *, *, did not * * * *. According to *, *, * * * *, *, * *, *, and several *, * * complete recovery * fracture of * * *. The same author * * * * shows that as large a proportion * per cent * of the cervical * occurring in * *. However, the chances of a fatal issue in * * * * * with the distance of the point of * the brain. * * * a case in which a * * in the body of the third * *, from which * * * weeks later. The *, *, up to * * *, * * all four *, *. In about * weeks after the removal of the * the entire body of the * * *, * * half of the transverse process and * * * *. Nearly eight * * * * * * *, but with his * shoulder and * in size and * *.
* * a case of * neck with *. During a * the patient was * from his *, and was soon * on the * * *. Physicians who * * from the immediate * * * of life; they also found a deformity of the neck, * * to suspect *. * * was called, * * * * made to relieve the * * * * * it and * to his * about a * *. * * * * * * * * *. * * the patient, * * * * * *, * * satisfied that a * *, * prepared to reduce *. Two men were * to grasp * and two more the head, and were directed to make * * *. At the same time the physician * * * against the neck just over the * *, and his * the occiput, and, while * was being *, * the head * until the * * * * * which the head * returned to its normal *. * * accompanied by a * *, * * replacement of the * *. * * * signs of relief and improved * * * * were made by all the * the right *. The patient remained in a * * * * * *, during which he had * * *. * suffered from severe * * *, * accounted for * * *. * *, but he was * * and not allowed to *. * * * tedious and was delayed by *. * * * * * * * * day) was of a sense of * about the neck, * * were being *. * * * *, * * * * * development of any * * the time of report * appeared in the best of health and * able to * to his * *. * * * report the statement that among * * * *, in treatment of * * * *, the mortality has been * four times * * * * * has been * * * * * had been made to reduce * * *, *, *. * * * * reduction in such cases.
* represents a photograph of * *, * * of the * * * *, *, * * * *, * * about the * * without his * *.
* records a case of * of the cervical spine with * after the use of a *. The patient was a man *, * * * *. * * * * in front of a train, * * * between the * * * * *, * * * on his * * * * *. * * passed over * * * beneath the *, * upper extremities *. * * the next day, * hours after *, * * * over the body, and * * * at the back of the neck and base of *. *, the neck * a natural *; *, to use the * *, * * * * case of mumps and goiter. The * * at the angle of the jaw, and was flaccid, and his *" * on a level with the *. * in the * * * *, and, although *, * * power of movement in the arms and *, but could not * *. A diagnosis of cervical * was made, * *, * * * * *, *, and the abnormal * * at once. * * *. On the fourth day there was * from the mouth, which was more severe on the fifth * days. The lower * had been * past the upper, * * * * penetrated the tissues beneath the tongue. * * * *, and in two months * for one of *. * * from the * * * had to * * head with his *. * * * * * * excruciating pain at the change * *, and at the approach of a * the joints, * * the neck, * involved. It was believed * * * days after the *) that both fracture and *. * * had become *, * examination of * was negative. The only evidence of * was in *, which, when applied to anything, * * * * *. * * of the tissues of *, * appeared about the * *, * *.
According to *, * had a patient who lived * years with * due to fracture of the 5th, 6th, and * *. * * * with a case in which * * * months, the fracture * above the * *.
* * of foreign bodies in the larynx and *, the first to be considered will be *. There is a case * * an infant who was * * *, and being discovered * mother was forced to rapidly * * water. In *, part of the fluid * * into the * * * *. It is hardly necessary to * * in which * or blood from * * * trachea and caused * *. * * is reported by * * * of a * * * in the * *, and into * * * of the * * * was made. The wound * * an extent as to communicate with a bronchus, and by * * * entered the respiratory tract, *. According to *, * * * * * of the * Hospital, in *, *, full of *, * * *; * * *, * * he would *, * * * * * mouth to hide * of his * *. The materials in his * forced into the larynx, and he was * *, *, and many other * * * * by the entrance of * * * *. * * * a child who died * * * * into the *. The bronchial * * * * already in a process of *, *, and others * * *.
The presence of a foreign body in the larynx is at all times the cause of * symptoms, and, sometimes, a substance of * size will cause death. There is a * * * happened to a young man * *, * * in order to extract a tooth. A * had been * the teeth to keep the mouth open. The tooth * * * from the forceps, and, together with the *, * the pharynx. The tooth * * in an effort * * * * entered the larynx, and, after * * caused death in an hour. The autopsy * presence of the * in the larynx. A somewhat *, though not ending *, was reported by * of a * *, who was * for the extraction of * * * *. * * * * * *, and immediately after the extraction she had a * *. * * days later * * pain in *. * * * to the fifth *, when she * * as to be confined to her *. A body seemed to * in the trachea, * * *. At the * the fifth week the missing * of the tooth * * * * * * coughing; the symptoms *, and recovery * * *. * * a child who was * with a * *, and in * * * * * * it, the child * * * into the respiratory passages, *. At the autopsy the foreign body was found at * portion of the left *. There are other cases *, * * * * *, * * *; and there is a case in which, in a like manner, * of a crab * * into the *. There are * mentioned in which * * * * * * * with their *, have, by * them and * the rubber of the * * * of the glottis, causing death. *, who has * *, * * collection of instances of this * * the most *, * of a child in the * * * * *; * * * the child down and * * * * into the *, * * The same author * * * * in the * eating a *, who, on * * * *, * * * * the seed of the * * * he had * pain or *, * *, * * * * * rejected the seed *.
* * * is that in which a foreign body thrown into the air and caught in the mouth has caused *. * * the history of a young man, * of the * *, who, in *, * a small * the air and * it in his mouth, and, as a * *. * * a similar instance of a man * up a *, *, * * received in the * in the *; * * * on the * * reported the classic observation of the *, *, * * a piece of money thrown into * * caught in his mouth. It * into the open *, *, * *, * * removed by * * * *.
* says that * * * died from the entrance of a * * * respiratory passages; and * * * * of the penetration of small * into the * *, *, instances of * in this location.
Occasionally the impaction of artificial * in the * of the larynx has been * for many * * * the history of a woman who was * * * laryngeal carcinoma or *, but in whom *, impacted in the larynx, * plate with * *, * * remained in this * * * and unknown. The patient, * * having been * in the * by a * * vomiting, and finding * * * * * * * away with the *. From that time * * * pain and * * * and swallowing, * the subject. of progressive *. After the * * * plate and teeth * * * * * * of a * * for three *, * at the base of the tongue and *, * * to all the surface on which it *, a full set of * * * *. From the symptoms and * * * that he had * * set of * *, *, * to prevent * *, he was * informed of *, and he never once * the causes of *.
* * a case * of the extent to which * may produce symptoms * * * by the * * * *. This man * * with his nose and * full of blood, and * * * teeth, which he * removed at night, * * * * * pain and tumor in the larynx, * difficulty in * * *. After a *, * * * * *, * * * * a chest * *; the symptoms * when the mental * * *.
There is a * case of a man * * *. After the recovery of his body it was * that his * * * at the anterior opening of the glottis, and it * that the shock caused by the * into the * * induced a * and deep * * * * to the place of *.
* * a case of an old man * * * * his life from the impaction of a small piece of * in the * *. In the * * is a * * * * showing the foreign body in situ. In the same * has also * * * from the body of a man *, who died from the entrance of a morsel of * * respiratory passages. At the postmortem * * mass of * the size of a * was found at the base of the * * * *. About the 5th ring of the * * of this organ * obstructed by a * * * * * *, * * * * *. * shows a fibrinous *, * * found in *, caused by a foreign body removed by * with a *, from a patient at the * * hours after the performance of *. * the foreign body at the time of the * * * * *.
The ordinary instances of foreign bodies in the larynx and trachea are so common that they will not be mentioned *. * * * and it is quite possible for more than * be in the same location *. In his * * * * says that he has * *, three, and * * * * * penetrate the *. * * * * of wood extracted from * cords of a child of ten, and a few other * * *.
The Medical * * * * in an Indian * * * instances of * * on the part * * * in that *. The discovery * * of a heavy * * * * in diameter * * * as to the object to which it was *. * * that it served to aid in the formation of * * at the base of the epiglottis. * * * * * down to the desired position, and it is * for about half an hour at a time. This operation * many times * until a * the desired * * * * * to secrete *, *, *, * a way as to defy the most careful search, and * in any way with * * *. * * * * * were found to be provided with *. The resources of the * * * varied, and * to no small amount of * * of internal * is very common, but * * * * * * * * *. * *, * *, * * agents are employed with this object in *, * * * * * * have to be * * * * * * diseases that * * * *. * * are not * * * *, * compared with the * * * * is a mere * in such *.
Excision of the larynx has found * * * in carcinoma, but has been employed in sarcoma, *, *, stenosis, and necrosis. * * chosen for the *, * * * *. It should be made * below the * * * gland, and from three to * days before *. * * time for the lungs to * to the new manner of breathing, and the * fixed to the anterior wall of the neck.
* and White * * cases of either total or partial * of the larynx, to which the * and analyzed * * *, * have been * histories of six new cases are given. Of the *, * per cent of the patients, * within the first * from shock, *, *, * *, *. The cases collected by these * show a * the death ratio in the total * per cent * * per cent in the * *. The mortality in the * is increased, * per cent as opposed to *. * reported as free from the disease before the * * * are of little value, except in that they *, * much, the * *. * * * prior to * * per cent, * * * of the *; of the remaining * * the first year, and * * per cent of the * free from * three or more years after *. In 77
cases of partial * for cancer, * * * during the first two months; of the remaining *, * per cent, are reported as free from the * or more years after the *.
* * * portions of the face * *, but not causing death, are seldom seen, * on the *, * is to * surgery that we must look for the most * of this kind. * * a man * * * * * * * received an injury which * the entire body of the lower *, half of each *, * * in a great * * * soft parts. * * from the field of *, and, despite * and suppuration, in two months *. At the * report the * * * * trace of the * bone, but by carrying the finger along the side of * in the direction of the superior * * * * could be recognized, and about * * * * extremity the * could be discovered. The tongue * for about * its length, and was * * and retracted on the * *. The sublingual * adherent to the * part of the tongue and were * *. The inferior parts of the * * * the lateral and * regions of the neck, and with * of the tongue and the * *. The tongue * * * in front of the larynx. The patient used a * * to fix the tongue so that * could be carried * was not able to * *, * * * * the intervention of this *, which was fixed to * *. * * he used to maintain the *, * * deformity, and to retain the saliva, * * * on the neck. The same author * * of a man * *, *, during the * * * * * in the middle of his *, *, * *, * * upward and from right to left. A part * * * *, the two * * *, * *, the cartilage, the vomer, the middle * * *, the left * bone, a portion of the left *, and a great portion of the inferior * * *, * *, and all the soft parts *. Several hours * * * * * * number of dead, * *, * * of the * * * * * *, * * * * signs of life, and that, despite the magnitude * *, * did not * of his *. * * * * was very * were removed, and the * * * *, showing an enormous *. * * * * *, but it was not until * * *, at which * he was *, * * * returned to *. At this time * * * *. There were no signs of nose, * * the entrance of the *, and the * * * * could be easily seen. There was a part of * region of the right * *, but the left * * fact, the * * an enormous * in the center of the face, as shown by the *. The tongue and * * severely involved, * * in the left eye was lost. * * * * * * *, which covered * deformity and * a little less *. The saliva * from the mouth and from the inferior * * * *, * * to carry * substance to receive *. * * an analogous instance of a * * * * * * * * by a *, * * and used an ingenious * in the shape of * * * * the loss of the parts. * * * from a *, * carried away the left * * * *, * the soft parts as high as *, and on the left side of the neck to within * * *, * * the transverse processes of the * * *, * exposing the external carotid and most of *.
It sometimes * that a foreign body, such as the * of a *, may be * for some time in the face, with * *. * * * instance of the * of the * of a * from the face, * * of the nose, after a lodgment of four months; and * an analogous instance in which the * * * * bones of the face * * * * * * * which a * piece of * penetrated the * there for * *, * * * *.
Before leaving * to the head and neck, a most * *, * * *, will be briefly *. A boy * * entrusted to carry a new * * to the * * *. * to facilitate *, the boy * * * * * * * on the back part of *, but a sudden * * it to slip * * over the head. * * were made at the * * * * *, to remove the * from his *, * *, and he continued all the * * * *, *, * *, together with the efforts at * * * he was taken to a * *, * * one of his *, managed to * * * head and *. * the other side of the * * * * * over the location of his * a quick, * with a *, and the * fell to pieces. The * * * * by all his treatment and * of sleep, * *, * * have endured * * much longer.
* * *.
* ANOMALIES OF THE EXTREMITIES.
* * * * * * in relation to * * is their * capacity for * of a * *, particularly if one * *, * * * * * * *. * * * * instance of * * * * * of the * *; * *, *, *, *, *, * * cite instances * of a digit * * * *. * Cases in *" contains many instances of * * fingers and *, and in more recent years * * cases have been reported. At the * * *, *, there was a boy * * * * * one of his * by a sharp *. * * * * up in a piece of * *, * * * and the wound * *, * * in the normal position on the *, and covered by * *. In a short time * * *. In this instance * * * involved, the * in the middle of the * *. * has described * in which the hand * * from the arm by an * from an *. The wound * from the * * * to the *, * all the muscles *, * * *. A small portion of the * * *, with the ulna, * *. * * delay of an hour, * proceeded to replace * with silver *, * *, * *. * * * * * * felt in the hand, and on * day the * were removed. After some time * * able to extend the fingers of the * *, * to grasp with all * * *.
* * or accidental production of * after the original * has been * * * violence or destroyed *, is quite *. * when the whole * has been removed, the nail * at the tip of * *. * seems to have met with this *. * * *, *, * * * instances of similar * on the * * * * of the 1st. For several months a woman * suffered from * of the middle * of the right *, * consequence of *; there was loss of the * *, and the whole * * surface and part of the * * structure of *. * examining the *, * * * * * * to keep it *. * * this, and, * * *, * * * * * *. Some months * * * * * * * had been *; instead of following the *, however, it * * over the face of the * from the back toward the * aspect of the *, as if to cover and protect the *. * * * case of the same *. A third occurred at the * * *, in a woman, who, in consequence of a *, * the whole of the * * of one of the *. * and fleshy * which here * * * * * by a small, * *, like a * * * * * * that in these cases the soft parts of the *, and especially the * *, had not been *. In his * * * * * *.
In some instances * of a finger * * in a peculiar manner. In * reported to his * * * * accident of this nature that occurred to a *. * * was caught between a * and the block of a * a sudden and * * on his * * * * * left the * * attached to the *. * * the wound * like that of an * * the usual * *; from the center of the wound * fragment of the 1st * *. * * * instances, in none of which, however, * * *.
* * * that in * of the finger an entire * * * up and * off with the * * describes an instance of this *, in which the * of the thumb * * off with that *. In the * * * there is preserved a * and part of * * * *, which were *. * * seen the * * * * * and body of the longer * * * *. * * the description of the case of a * *, * * * was caught * * * of a *, and the last *, * * *, and also the entire * of the * * * * * *. There was * even the * of that small * of muscle * * origin from * aspect of the head and upper portion of the ulna, * is so delicate and * as to be * * *. There was * * along the * the tract of * of the tendon.
* describes a * * * who was * on the thumb by a *. * * * * in one *, * *, who had seized the thumb * with his * * in the other * until the tissues * * * * * *, * * * in the * *. * at once * the thumb, and it was picked up by * * * * man to the hospital. * * * * was found to include the terminal phalanx * *, together with the tendon of the * * * * *, about half of which * had a * * * * from the free *, * * and the * arrangement of the fibers * *. * * a case in which the index * * * * * * * * from its origin. The authors know of * case in which a man * in the * * * to a * * he was *; * * on one of * caught in the * of the block, and * off the * * * * and muscle. There is a similar * * * * * *, and, to prevent *, * * * * * catch the *. * * on one of * * * in the * and the force of the * off the soft parts of the finger together with the *.
The older * * as a * fact that * of the arm, unaccompanied by *, had been *. *, * * * instances of this nature, and, * latter case, the progress of healing * unaccompanied by * symptoms. In the last * * * * of the arm by a *, * * hemorrhage. The * contains an account of * of the hand without any bleeding, and * * a huge * of the arm from which * * *. * observations have shown that in * absence of hemorrhage is the rule and not the * wound is generally * * * and the mouths * * do not *, but are * * *. * * * at the highest point and the muscles * to be tightly * and almost * * *, and also by the tendons, vessels, and nerves *, * * with the fragments of bone, form a * * * the history of a case, which has * *, that he observed in St. *' Hospital in *, in
1837. A * * * * * * * * * *, which became caught in a * *, * * the ground and * * * * against a * * exerted by the * * on the * * * * * * arm and *. * * * hemorrhage and the * * * *; * * * * * * * * * * nature of his * * * * * arm in the *.
According to * * * of an arm is usually followed by * *. *, *, relates the case of * * * * * * * from the shoulder * *; the loss of blood * * slight and the patient * affected by * that he was able to * * *.
* describes a boy * * who had * * arm and * * * from his * * *. * * so involved in the bands that his * * * to a *, * * * * *. * * * * * * around the * * motion of the * could be * * * off the water to the great *. When he * from the bands and taken * from the * * * * seen at the shoulder, but there was not more than * of blood *. * * * from the * * * *, * * from the wound * * * (probably the median and ulnar) more than * * * able to stand on his * * * * a few * * * * *, * *, with a * of blood, * the floor. * * * an excellent *. * * * * * and the * in which * of the body * * * was scarcely *. * case was of a * * * *, * * on a * * *, * * * * * * and band. * *, *, *, *, * drawn in, and he was * * * * * to a large *, where the body * * * * * *, fell to the floor, and the arm and * * * * carried on beyond the *. In this *, * * * * pain, and there * * *. * * the history * * to a man * * who had * * * * * and the * while working in a * * while the * was in full *. He was * * * with great * * * * * * * a point about four * below the * * *. The patient * on his *, the blood * * * artery in a large *. * * *, * a piece of * * * * * * * * after primary amputation of each * * an excellent instance of * of the right * * in a * * *, who was caught in *. The axillary artery was seen lying in the * *, * had been * closed by the * * *. * * *.
* cases of * of the upper extremity * reported by *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *, * *. * * of the Lower * * * * of the upper extremity are seen as well in * * * leg and *, although the latter are possibly the *. * * * description of a small * * * * * off at the knee by a * in motion; * * * pain, and was more * * * * expected to receive at home for * * the loss of his *. * * of a boy * * * put the great toe of his * * against a * of a * in motion. The * * * * * * *, the leg * * to the thigh. The whole * * *, together with the left side of the scrotum, * off; the boy * as a result of his *.
* reported to the * Society of * the case of a child * * who had * * * caught in * of a * *. The child * picked up * * * * *, and the bone broken off * middle third; about three * higher the muscles * * * sheaths and appeared as if * with a *. * * * was found * * from the *, * way from its division in the popliteal space. The * * * *. One of the most interesting features of * was the rapid * of the body after the * * of the coolness * * * * *. * * that while the cutaneous surface of * * * sensitive to the touch, there was * of pain * * * the exposed *.
With reference to injuries to the * *, * * the case of a strong * * *, who in * * * on his *. Immediately after rising to his * * * pain in the right leg and * in the foot. * * to stand, and was carried to his *, * * * * * pain. The diagnosis had been fracture of * of the femur, but as there was no * * * * but little *, * * rupture of * nerve. The subsequent history of the case * *. The patient was confined to * * weeks, and it * * * * he was able to go about, and * with a * and a *.
* * * instance of rupture of the * * caused by a patient giving a * * during an operation * *.
The instances * * of recovery of an injured * * * * and loss of * * *. * * a boy * *, who was * * of the * of a * machine, and had * * * * * * above the *. The foot * by the portion of skin corresponding to the * of the circumference of the leg, together with * * vessels and nerves. These were the * * *, although the * * *. There was * * hemorrhage and no *; * * applied to the vessels, the edges of the wound * * * * sutures, and the cut surfaces of the * placed in as good * as possible, although the * * * in front of the upper. The wound * * * * *; in three * * * * up to such an extent that the * * * * * *. The patient was * in five *, * * very well, * owing to the loss of the function of * * * * *.
* reports in full the case of a boy * *, who, in * * * * across a *, * * * contents of the gun * * through the leg * *, * * * of the * the time * * the muzzle of the gun was only two * * * *. The portions * were more than one inch of * * * * fractures of the ends * *, a corresponding portion of the posterior * * the long * of the great and small *, as well as * * between them and the * *. * * artery was * *. * * consisted of a * of skin * * * * * of the wound, the muscles which it * back of *, * * *, and another piece of skin, * to cover the tendon. The wound was treated by *, and the * * * with a shortening of * *.
There are several * * * * *. * * a patient of *, * * * * * of each * * * on a piece of * * * * *, and followed almost immediately * *. There was the usual * * * * margin of the *, and the other * * * *. In three * * * * * to such * that the patient was able to * *. * * * in which the issue was not so *, * * * man who, in a fall ten years *, * * * * *, * four years later * * * * on the opposite side. As a result of his *, * * * * *, he had completely lost * * * * *. * * * instance, in * * * *, of rupture of the tendon of the * *, caused by a fall on the *. * * cases in which the * * has recovered * *, it is * * * * *, * * * * *. * * cases of rupture of the tendon are unique, * existing in medical literature in abundance.
* * * his observation a case in which the femoral artery was * by a * * * over the thigh, * * although there were scarcely any external signs * * * * *. * * * * in which a surgeon attempted to stop hemorrhage from * * artery by the application of a *, * * * * * * as to destroy the * and thus brought about a fatal hemorrhage.
* fractures are occasionally seen, but generally in advanced age, * * * may be the cause. * * cases on record in which the muscular * * * * * *, or in * * the leg, * one or both of the bones of an extremity. In * * * may be caused by such a * * * in bed, and even a sudden * of the ankle * sufficient to produce this injury. In a boy * * * * fracture of the femur within the * addition to the causes *, inflammation of *, * * carcinoma, has been found at the * * * *.
One of the most interesting subjects in the history of surgery is the gradual evolution of the rational treatment of * * portion of the whole * * * * * * * * *, * * *, * * * of the foot; it was not diagnosed in this * * and of the * * of medicine. Among the * * *, then in her * * *, there was not * reduce the simple * * * * of the * * * diagnose and * *. * * * * down to the present century, the * * * *, * * * * *, * * * in the older * * *; * * * * there are * * * * * * * efforts to pull * * * of which were given to the student * * * *.
Relative to * * the field is too large to be discussed here, but there are two recent * worthy of * * * instance of death following a * * * * * on the * It could not be * the tendon of the * * between the head of * and a piece of the bone which was * *.
* * * dislocation of the *, * * origin, in a man who was * * * * * * * * *. * * a few hundred * the animal * *, when the * * * * to strike. * of the *, * * * *, while the * * * pain and a sense of something * * * * *. * did not * *, * * a little further and * * *. * examination a * * * head of the humerus was found. The explanation is that as * of the * * * * *) * * the arm * it into a * of the first *. * * its normal function of * *, * * * as a *. * * * * to that point * as the "long arm," and the head * of the neck of the humerus served as the "short arm." * of the arm, left behind as it were, supplied * * * * * * * displacement of the * the bone * represent the work *.
* * extent and accuracy of the knowledge * * * on the subject of * * * * * of modern *, * * * * * examples of certain of * described by * had not been recorded. With * *, * * * at the * or nothing * * * * was contained in * * *, * *. *. * * * * lesion in their works.
* * *, those of the hips are most * *, per cent of all. They are sometimes * * after the * * months and sometimes *, but their * * of the *, * * to have existed at birth. * * * may be involved, and according to the amount * * * * *. As to the reduction of such *, the most that can be done is to * * and functional * * * * * * apparatus. The normal structure of the joint * exist, and therefore the * * of no * * of the shoulder are also seen, * * development of the * *; and at the knee, * * being in extreme *, the foot * on the abdomen. * * of the *, * appears in adult women is a prominent factor in * is a * found at birth, or * *, due to * of the joint in utero; and another form * * paralysis of groups of muscles about the joint.
* * instances of major * are so numerous and so well known as to need * * *. Amputation of * * recovery is fast * * * *; * Hospital in *, there is preserved * * * *, * an enormous *, * * * * at the *, for a * * just above the clavicle. The patient was * * *, and made a good *. * * is to be seen in * * *. *.
*, *, * * * of all the * have been * *. * * * * * * * of seven, who was * to such an extent * * as to * the amputation of all *, and, despite * * age and the extent of *, the boy * *. *, * *, had a patient from whom * * * * * * *.
* * a case of amputation of all four * * *, * *. The patient, * *, * to his * * * *, * * * * * *, * * for three *; * * he was obliged to leave the stage in a * * *, * * distant from his *. * over the * that day and night, and the * *, through the *, * * *, *, *, *, * * * or water *, * * *, * * in a * * * * *, and taken to * on the road. * did not reach the hospital * * until the * * * * days after * *. He was * * *, *, * * * from his *, *, * * not been removed * * * was found that * * * * * * up to the *, and both * and legs as far as the upper third; * over and around the *, and the * * tip of * * * a dark * appearance and * *. * evacuation of the * * * for over two weeks, and as the patient * * * * * over the * region, a * was given, which, in * *, * * * * * * enveloped in a solution of *. * * ears and cheeks * in due time, and * parts of the nose separated and * *, * * of the tip and parts of the *, leaving the * exposed. On * 10th the lines of demarcation * and deep on all four *, though the patient, * * *, at first * * * * * *, after a little *, * * * * amputation of the arms. This was * * * * *, at the middle third, the patient * * * * * of little pain. The great * * this operation * * * * to being * * on the next day * * to have both * * * * *, which was done, * * *, with the * *. After some minor * the patient * * *, * *, * * * * * * * * * on a woman, the victim of idiopathic *. * * * * able to earn a livelihood * * * * * * *. * * died in and the four * on a * *, * placed in the * * *, * *. *, * * *, *, * * * *, * leg, and half of * *, * *. * describes the case of a * * who was * * by a *, * * *, * *, and left * to such an extent * * * * * at the left *, *, and right *, the boy *. * * *, *, *, *, * * * * * legs and one * * *, all the patients * * * * * * *; * * that he himself has * * * amputation of the right * * * for a * * occurring in a * * *, * * * * * * from the *, one case *.
* * a case of * * * on a * * *- *, who was * * by a train. * * * * at the knee, and the left * * * * * * * *; the right forearm and hand * *. * * * * and exposure, he was operated on in his *, and while * * was being * the other * *. The most * * * * * * *.
There are two cases of spontaneous * worthy of record. * * * * * *, * * * * with a *, * * * of blood, * * *. The mouth of the vessel * * * * to render * impossible, and the poor * * * * was considered an * * by his *. * to die * *, * * * in a * *, but the hemorrhage * * the arm *, *, * * into a * * * * about for * a while. * * * * of the forearm, near the lower part of the middle * a patient * *. * * below the * *, * * *, *; * * * the increasing * it was determined to *. * * day the line of demarcation extended to the spine * *, * * the bone and exposing the * * involving the * *. It was * decided to * * her work. The bones *, the spine * * end of the * * *, and a good * *. * represents the patient at the age *.
* * * * persons who have lost an extremity * * to perform the ordinary functions of * * * * * *. * *, and legs have been developed to such a degree * that the modern mechanisms of this * * * * cumbersome and * * formerly used.
* * * contains an interesting account of a * * * * * * * *, * * in the Department of the *, * *. * a general *, no less than seven individuals who * * * or thigh, * * * races for * * * * divided into two classes: *, or those who had * * *, * *, * * * * a leg; and, contrary to what might have *, * * * came from the former *. * in each * * *. *. *, * *, * of an accident, * * * * * the course in the remarkable time of * * *; * *. *, * * * * seconds to run the same distance; and *, * by two other * * * * * * * * * * *, and this * * * * by a course * *, * * * * * * * *. *, but whether * * * or a * was not *.
On several occasions * *, * * have been * * * * * men. In * *, "All the Year *" * there is * to a * * between a * * * * *. There is a recent report from * *, of a boy of thirteen who had * * legs and *, but who was * * * * * * * * * by a * *. With one * * * * *, * * of steel attached to * served as *. * * no trouble * * *; it is said that he has * * *, * * to be able to mount *; * * * *, he has been able to traverse * * * * * * * *. While the foregoing * * *, it is not * in the present day to * * * * * *, and even *, * there was a special * * * *.
The instances of interesting cases of foreign bodies in the extremities are not numerous. In some cases the foreign body * many years in this location. There are * * who have * in their *. * * the removal of a foreign body * * * in the forearm. * * a man * *, *, * age of *, * * * * * in the * by striking it on the back of the neck with the side * *, noticed a slight * on the hand * * * * a lump under the skin. * * * no trouble * * before the time of report, when he asked to have the *, thinking it was a *. It was cut down * *, * proved to be the * process of the * * *. The bone * * * * and had formed a sort * * on the base of the * of the * * * remained in this * * * * *.
* has described a case in which a * broken off in the foot, separated into *, *, * *, * * *. There was a case * of a man * to the * *, * * * * * to have been * by an * instead of which * of lead * were found in it by *. * * was a * in the * of the * * *, and had charge of a machine * * * * *. * * consists of a * * into which * is forced, * * through an * * * * * pressure of *. Reaching the air, * * hard and is * on a large * in the form *. Just before the * this small * * *, and the patient seized the * * in his * to free the action of the *, * he had * on many *, by a sharp, * *; but in * * * occurred, and he was * to the *. * on the way to the hospital in the * * * * * * but little * * of the left * about the *. The swelling, * * very rapidly, made it impossible for the surgeons * an examination, but on the following day, when * * * *, a diagnosis of * the bones of the arm was made. There was no * * * skin of any magnitude, and the surgeons decided to cut * * * *, and remove * appeared to be * of bone, * * above the wrist. * * administered, and an * *, but to the * * *, instead of bone, a piece of * * * * * * in diameter * *. * * * * piece of the * was taken * * the total * * * * *, * * * * * and the shortest *. * was found * under the muscles of the arm, and some * had become * between the bones of the forearm. * most remarkable feature of this curious * was the * there was no fracture or injury to the bone, and it * possible that the function of the arm would be * *.
* * a case of foreign body in the axilla that was taken for a necrotic fragment of the clavicle. The patient was * * *, * * up a * to get a light * * *; * * * off the * * * * around the * about four feet from *, and he *. In the * * * * in his * * on the * and was * into the * * out of *. This was * to be a piece of *, and was only discovered to be a * when it * * weeks after.
There are several diseases of the bone * direct bearing on the anomalies of the extremities which should have * * is a disease of the bones in adult life, * frequently in * women, but also seen in women * * * state, and in men. It is characterized by * * of the *, from a * of the * salts, and gives rise to *, and occasionally to spontaneous *.
* * * is not a disease of adult life, but of infancy and childhood, and never occurs after the age of * * * * six months or after three years. * * * as to its *, * being that it * to an abnormal development of *. There is little * * nutrition and * * * * factors in its production. The principal * is seen in the epiphyseal lines of long bones and * *. * shows the appearance during life of * with the highest grade of *, and it can be * * a barrier to natural * * *. * * * * are seen at the * *, and in superior cases at the ends of * of the fingers and toes. When the * of a long * *, not only *, but even * * * these circumstances the humerus and femur appear to be * most likely to break; there is an associate * * *, known as *" together with * * * curvature. The accompanying * is from * of a skeleton in the * * * *. * * an Indian, * years of age, one of the Six * mode of * * by a large * *, in which * and moved forward * * * one side of the * * the other, by means of his *. The nodules * *" were the result of imperfect *, in other words, of motion * * was completed.
Analogous to * * *, or the so called * * disease in which * results from an *, * * of the normal process of *. It is * * * *, * * majority of fetuses die in utero. * * * cases of *. The first was a child * * age, of pale *, bright and *, * * * in length. There was a narrow * * * * of rickets; the upper and lower * * short, but * * * treatment. The * of pneumonia. The other two * * in adults, * and the other *. The men were the *, inches, and * each other in all * * * good health, and, * * *, * * *. Neither had *. Both the *; * * * * of the normal *; * and feet * broad and short; the * of both of * * * *, * * * when they * * * rapid progress.
Osteitis deformans is a hyperplasia of bone described by * * * patient was a * * * who had * good health; * * * * began to * * * * in the thighs and legs. The bones of * * began to increase in size, and a year or two * * *; * * *. During a period of * these changes were followed by a growth of other bones. * * firm and; *, the head * * *. The bones of the face were not affected. *, the patient had a peculiar * condition of the * * * at the knees. * * * *, originating in the left *, * * *, five of whom died of malignant disease. * * * * * * thickening in the *, the femur and * * *. * cases have been recorded in this * * *, * * *; * *, 22
women; the disease * usually after *.
* is distinguished from osteitis deformans in that it is limited to hypertrophy of the hands, *, and face, and * * earlier. In * * * * * bones" is often congenital in character, and is * * *.
* deformities of the * may be congenital but in most cases are acquired. When these are of extreme * * * in most * *. * * * and even * reversion of the joints * *. * gives a case of *, and of * and feet; * * * of a child of two * years with *, * mobility of the *, * * on its elbows and knees. The pathology * * is obscure, but there might have been * *. * * a similar case before the * * *, * * *" * * * throughout the United States, * reversion of the * * those of *. * * on all *, * of progression * that of a *.
* * *, * * *" * *, * * deformity of the long bones * of the extremities. * * his name from * * of his * members to *, due to * of the bones and deficiency of * *.
* taken from * "Archives of Surgery," represents an extreme case of deformity of the * * * of seven, the result of severe osteoarthritis. The knees * * * *.
* * * is often the cause of * *, * * in the ordinary manner. In * on the surgical and mechanical treatment of * * * a boy * *, the victim * *, * at the age of * had never * * * * *. * * * * *, * * * at right angles at the hips and knees. * * in the left * * * in the * an operation of subcutaneous * at the hips, knees, *, * application of * and extension, * * * * * in two months, and with * consisting of elastic * over the *, *, and weakened *, * * * beneath the sole. * six months he was * *; in one year * * * * *. * * another case of a * * * who was * to support the body in the * *, but could * * *, as shown in * There was * * right foot * * in the left. The left * * *, not only in the direction of *, but there * twisting of the femoral *, * *. * * * operated on in the same manner as the *.
Relative to * increase or hypertrophy of the bones of the extremities, * shows that an increase in the length of bone
may * * *. * * a boy * *, * * * by a * * suffered a * of the bones of * leg. In the course of a year * * * * than the other, and the bones * * * * * the other. * * * * cases of * of bone * necrosis. A case of * *, after a fracture, was reduced to one *. * *. Elongation of the bone is also * as the result * inflammation of the joint. * * * * * * * * *, *, but not *, * * enlargement, with an outward * of the * * *.
* * *.
* ANOMALIES OF THE THORAX * *.
* of the lung or bronchus are always *, * contrary to the general *, * * * * of the * * a common *. Even the older * * * * * * * *, * primitive and * methods of treatment. A review of * * to this * shows the names of *, *, * *, *, *, *, *, *, *, * *, * * * of this *. In one of the * there is * of a man who was * by a * * * *. * * it was found that none of * * *, and death * attributed to the fact * * of air * the pressure within the * them to their own * *, * *, obstruction to the circulation, and death. It is * * * this condition on the thorax of a *.
* * * instance of a boy of thirteen * * from the top of a * upon the sharp * of a *, * * * from the axilla to below the sternum, * the insertion of the diaphragm. * * * * the left thoracic cavity * * exposed to *, * *, *, and pericardium all in motion. The * * *, and in this * * * * * *. One of the curious * noticed by * * was the * of the symptoms * * * * hemorrhage from other locations; *, in the treatment of such *, * * used in * * *. * * of a * * * in a *, and who had all the symptoms *; * condition was * relieved by * of a considerable quantity of bloody matter with *. * records a similar case, and * * noticed a case in which the opening in the * * signs of * after the patient * quantities of bloody urine. * * * * the foregoing *. * * * * of the case of one of his *, suffering from * * of the thorax, who was * * * by a * * with the stool.
There is an extraordinary * reported in a boy * * *, * * into the * of an *, * * about the chest. There were * * * through the skin about * * long, and one through * * * * long. The *, *, 5th, and * * * * * apart, and about an inch of the * the 4th * was lost. * * * were removed; * of the pleura, * by four *, had been * * the pericardium and the left lung, and * * to have been * and the latter *. * * *, and for three or four months * * * * it, but * * *. * * could only be * * * *. * * * * that, although * *, * * * but little pain, and * only slight * *. The pleural cavity * filled with a *, but even this did not interfere with the healing of * and the restoration of the lung; the patient * * *.
* * a case of rapid * * perforating wound of the lung. The * entered the back * * * of the * process of the 6th * *, * upward and very * * toward the median * * could be followed * *. * * minutes after the * of the wound, * * * throughout the front and side of the neck, * * the edge of the lower *, and on the chest * * * * and one * below the clavicle. In four * * very frequent, short, and *, * walls and the abdomen * *. * * * * rapidly, the * * on the seventh * * days after the * of the wound * *. There was * hemorrhage from the wound at *, but the clot * and closed the wound, * * * it was * on the * of his *, * *, *, * *.
Loss of * * * *, *, * * a case in which a piece of lung of about three * * through a large * of the lung * * *. * * received no medical attention * *, when the * portion of lung * to be dead, and was * and cut off; * * * *. In about two weeks the wound * with the * to it and this condition was found six years later * * of this *. * * * * * * for the surgical treatment of *. * * * * account of a case in which a * of the lung * and was * by the * the thoracic *, yet the patient made a good * * * * * instances of recovery * * pieces of lung have been cut off; and it is said * * * * * there was * * * * through the thorax and who * after the removal of * of the lung. In a letter to one of his * * says that he succeeded in cutting * part of *, *, * * *, after a * * the chest, with a successful *. * * a case of * * in which a piece of lung * * * * * *.
* * * surgical treatment, * exemplified by * experiment in * portions of lung from animals, such *, *, *, *, is not *; * * * * * *, as the * was done on * and in deep * * *. * * portions of the lung has been * * * *, * * * * *, *, *; one of * * * * * four months, but the others * * * *. * * * * showing a patient, *, * *, for beginning *, * * * four years before. At the * * * the diseased area at the apex of the right * * * tissue for two cm. in every * stated that the result of his * * * successful and the patient had shown * * *.
Rupture of the Lung * * is quite possible for the lung to be ruptured * * * * * * *; there are several such cases on record. * * * rare and fatal form of injury has been * * * * as due to a sudden pressure exerted on * wall at the moment of * *, * * * of the glottis or obstruction of the larynx, * * which the lung *. * extravasation of air * in the development of emphysema, *, * *, pneumonia, or even * in the * * *. * is a possible, but not a *. The mechanism is identical with that of the * * * * * * * by the hand. * * this theory of *. * * claim that the rupture * to direct pressure, as in the cases in which the heart * * fracture of the ribs. The theory of * not explain * * * from external * the thoracic walls, and, therefore, * rejected by *, *, *, * *, *, *, * * * *. * * * * in recovery. * * * * * * of which * * before the fifth *; * * * histories of cases, of which *. * * reports of cases of this form of injury * * *. These were * caused by * on the chest, by a piece of *, or other * * * cases there were *. * * * *, * * * * fatal in * * * *.
* * a case * treated, as *.
* *, ten years old, *, born in *, and living now in the * * *, * * in by the * *, on the * * * *, * * of having been * * by a * of the * *. The boy was in a state of extreme *, * *, * * *; * * * * rapid, and his * *. There were no * * * about his thoracic cavity and no fracture of * could be detected, * * * *; * * emphysema; the neck and side of the face * * with the * air; the tissues of * * * * infiltrated with *, * * * * the familiar * of such * when an * * determination of the radial * was made. * * *. There were several injuries to the face *; and there was hemorrhage from the nose and mouth, * attributed to the fact that the patient had * * *, * * nose and *. This was * * the absence of any * * * during the * * *. The saliva was not even *, it can be said * * that there was *. Shortly after * the patient * * * *, * * * *, * * * * * *. * * * * night and * of no *, * or subsequently. * * continuous. The temperature * * * * of the fifth day, when it * * *, *, on the * of the sixth, to *. * * * * significance as the patient at no * * by it. On the eighth day the temperature * the normal and has * * there. The boy * * *, * * *, and has * *, * * * and apparently free from any *. * * * * * is fully *.
* * the case of a boy of seven, * * * * by a * * * * * *. * * well in * *. * * of recovery * * * *, after a rupture of the lung * * are several other interesting cases of recovery on record.
There are instances of spontaneous rupture of the lung, from severe *. * * of a child of ten * * a severe * * *, * * * * weeks after the beginning of the cough, * * the second *. * * * * case of rupture * lung from deep *.
* penetration or * of the thoracic cavity is not necessarily fatal, and some * instances of recovery * of this *, are recorded. * * * * * * through the body by a discharge of a * * *, and was given up as certain to die. * * thought it was * * * * *. * * signs of hemoptysis, and although in great *, * to give * * * of the wound. In this * * * * * within the right *, * between the lungs, through the mediastinum, * to the right of the spine. * * * * instance of a * traversing the thoracic cavity, * * * after treatment. *, *, *, * and others * cases of * wounds of the chest * *.
* describes a case of * of the chest in a * * *. * * and while * * * *, * * * on the *; the point * * * *, between the * * * * *, * the chest, and came out through * * * * *, making a small opening. * fell to the ground * * * * * came to his *; * * * * * * * * * of the * *, and thus * * * *, * * * *. There was * hemoptysis and the patient * *. * * instance of penetration of the chest by a * *, * *. * * a man * * * * * from the * of a *; in a *, preparatory to * a bundle * *, he was * one of the bars * * * to the floor of the * the thorax, * * into the * of the * the extent of three *, requiring the combined * * * to extract it. The * had entered * * 9th and * * of the left side, and had * * in an upward and * *, * * * the 5th and * *, about an * below and * to the nipple. There was little *, and the * was soon * *. * * case of * in a boy * *. * running to *, * * the point of the * of a *, * * * * *, below the nipple. * *, * hemorrhage, and no symptoms of so severe * * * *.
There is deposited in the * of the * * * * * *, * *, * in length and weighing * * * *, * * * * * * of a *. The specimen is accompanied by a * of the * * in two *. The name of * * *, and the * * * * * * * * *. One of * * * guiding the * * * into the main *, when a * * *. * * left the * *, * through the air * * * above the heart, * * * *, and then * itself in the *. * * * * at once to the * * * * * by so * *, in five * * * * * *, and ultimately returned to his * as a *.
In the same *, near to this *, is the portion of a * of the * * passed through the body of a * * to be * near the * when the * * *, with the result that the * * * * under the left arm, and came out from under the *, * * * man to the stable *. * * * the patient * * * * * * * * *, and his * * * at the end of * *; he is reported * * * years after * * *.
In the * * * there is an account of a private * *- *, who was * * * * * * * to mount. * * on a * * * * and came out through the *. * * * for about
100 *, * * * on and trying to stop *. * * of the * the patient *. * * * of complete * by a * of the right side * chest and lung, the patient *. * * of penetrating wounds of both lungs with *.
There is a most remarkable instance of recovery * major thoracic * recorded by *. In a *, * * * * * * extending from the * * to within * of the *, * *, * * * * * * structures, including * of the ribs from the 4th to the 9th, and * * and lung. In addition there was an abdominal * * *, extending from the * to about two * * *, * almost complete *. The lung * * *. * * * * * *, and the hemorrhage * * and by * * in the * *. * * *, and was * in a little over *, the only * result of his * * a small * *.
* wounds of the diaphragm, particularly those * * * * *, death is generally due to * * than to injury. *, * * *, * * diagnosis of * made in the * * * *, * * of those in the * *, * *, * *, *, *, *, * instances of recovery from wounds of *.
There are some * causes of * * on record, *, * *, * *, * *. On the other hand, in his "Essay on * *" * * a case in which * * * by a * of the diaphragm; * * * * * * probably caused by * * * *, due to some * * of the * * * * account of a man who * * * in two by the ingestion of four plates of * * * * tea and milk, followed by a large dose of * * * *. * * * * * * an enormous extent and * the diaphragm on the right * * *.
The diaphragm may be ruptured * * * (a fall on the chest or abdomen), or by * * * *, * according to *, * * contraction of * *. If the injury is unaccompanied by lesion of * or thoracic *, the prognosis is not * as might be *. Unless the * * *, protrusion of the stomach or some other * the thoracic cavity will almost invariably * the condition known as internal or *. * relates the case of a * who was * * * portion of the diaphragm, * though the wound * *, the patient * of a * * * * the patient died in a * * * *. At the postmortem * *, a man * * and a * * *, a part of the colon was found * *, * passed through a * in the diaphragm. * a similar case, but no history of the injury * *. * * a case in which the omentum, * * were found in the thoracic cavity, * * an extensive * in the diaphragm. *, *, *, *, *, * * * in which, after rupture of the diaphragm, * * been found in the thorax; there are many * * *. * * through the diaphragm * * *, *, *, *, *, *, *. * * * * a case of * * * *, wherein the diaphragm * * * fracture of the ribs. * * * * * * * * * on a * (and also * * * * he was * * *, * * * * *. * * on the next day, and * * * at the *, the opening * * * * of the bowel.
* * * * * of the diaphragm complicated with a * of the omentum, * * * * * between the 10th and * *; * * *, * the ribs *, * and cut off part of *, * * * to the abdomen, and finally * the wound in the diaphragm and the external * *. * * *, * * a case of *, in which, after penetrating the stomach, *, * * * * in the thoracic cavity, causing * * * * shortly before death, and even * * * * * distention of *.
* in the thoracic cavity is a curious condition which may be brought about by a * * of the diaphragm. * * * to the * * * * * account of a postmortem examination of a woman *, in whom he had * * * * *. At that time, while * * * * from a * * * on the * of a * * * *, * inches, and was * by an upper *, which it *; * * * * by the * * * the floor. * * * injury to the bladder, *, * *. * * * hemorrhage from the vagina and * near the * *, followed by *. * was withdrawn, and was * placed in * of the *, the abrupt * *, * * * *, * * *. * twenty years * * * lie on her right side or on her back, and * of this time * spent most of the * in the *. * * * * * attention because * had been one of *. * * it was found that * in the left side of the chest * * * * *. The opening in the diaphragm * * * diameter, and through it had * the stomach, *, a few * of the descending colon, and a * of the small intestines. The heart * * * * of the sternum and was * *, as was * * lung. The left lung * * to the size of a * * * signs of peritonitis, and in the absence * other symptoms, it could be said that this * * of peritonitis in the left thoracic cavity.
* tolerance of foreign bodies * in the thoracic cavity has been *. * * a person who had a * * in his thoracic cavity for * weeks; it was * * * mouth, and the * *. * * * * instance in which a * * * * * * a case in which a piece of iron was found in a * the thorax, where it had * * * *. * a case in which a * * impacted in the chest * *. * * of a fragment of * * * in the chest * years and finally coughed up.
Foreign Bodies in the * *, *, *, *, *, and even * have been removed from *. In the presence of * * *, * * * * * * from the * * * * *. The child * * to sleep * * in his mouth and had * * *. * * * *, * as a child of five * an umbrella * * * * it, and * it in a * * * * years after. * * * a boy * * * * nail in a * make a *, and, by a * *, * * * into the left *. It was removed by * * a large piece of bone from the right * * *, * * * of a case in which a molar * * in a bronchus causing death on the eleventh *. * * * of a * * * * of a boy of two * * years. From *, *, * * the case of a * * * * * * * of a small * and in a * * * * * * it from the lungs. In * the case of a man who * * * placed on * to relieve *. On removal * * * *. * * * * a portion of an * from a *, but as * failed to locate * * *, the case * *. * * a child * who was * with a * * * * she had a * nail in her *; * * *, and in * * *. At the postmortem examination the nail * * the bifurcation of the right bronchus, and, although *, was not *.
* * an observation of the removal of a * from the bronchus of a child of three and a half years. The * * * * *, * *, * *. No one * * * *, a diagnosis of * made and * * were applied to the neck. * * during the night, and there was a * * * * *. On the next day the medical * the possibility of a foreign body in the * was performed but the * *, * * foreign body * * below the *. The blood of * the cut * entered the trachea and caused an * * *, but the * of blood were removed * *. * * * *, * * * on its *, but in *. * * * * * * * with the hope that it would * the trachea * *; when the * was withdrawn * *. The child * * *, however, and five * * * before the first * *. * * *, the child * * voice, and was * * *. * * a little patient who had * * of glass, * * * in the bronchus. * * * of a * into the trachea, * * * provoke a * *, and at the * the foreign body * *. * records the case * *, the victim of a peculiar * * * * * *, for an * of the larynx. * * of the * * into the *, * * removed by an ingenious * * * * *. A few years ago * * there was * * * * * over the daily * * came from the * * * who had * * *, and which had become * a bronchus. * was performed and a special * to extract it, but unfortunately the patient died of * * *. * * the case of a * * * * * * * * * * remained in the lungs four years, during which time * a constant dry and * cough, and * * *. When it was * coughed up * in one large piece and several * *, and was * as to be very *. * * of the * * * of the cough and rapid *.
* * an elderly * who received a sudden * on the back * * * *, * * to start * a very * *. * * * * * * *, where it * for two months without * * * its presence. * * set up * pneumonia and cardiac * * * * *, at which time, during a * * * * * * * enveloped in a *, *. * relates the case of a man who * * * * lung for * and a half *.
There is a case on record of a man who received a gunshot wound, * * * behind the left clavicle and * * * to the right *. * * * * two pieces of bone and a piece of gum * * he was * at the time of the injury. * a case of fatal *, * due to * of four * teeth which had been * years before.
* * * it has been the common * relative to injuries of the heart that they are * * that, as a rule, * * * * * * * * a careful examination of * of medicine * * * number of cases * the heart has been * *, and the * * days, months, and even *; *, * revealing the presence of * * *, * the original diagnosis. This question is one * * as, in recent years, there has been * of the possibility of surgical procedures in cardiac * * * *. * * * reported a series * * * with the conclusion that in case of * * * * of the heart is a possible *. * * * * the following operative procedure: * * to be made from the lower border of the * to the upper border of the 7th *, * * * * margin of the sternum, the other about ten *. * *. * * are joined by a * * * the fourth * space. The 4th, 5th, and * * * are divided and the outer * * * * aside the pleura with the finger, * * * * * *; * * * * *. * * * * * * * * cases of wounds of the heart with a mortality * * minutes after the injury of per cent. Death may * a few seconds to nine months after the *. * * * * * *, and, in comment on his * that death in cases of wound of the heart is due * * * blood in the pericardial sac, and, * pressure is itself a * to further *, *, as far as hemorrhage is concerned, to be * * * * * may not be * * * *. It might be added that the shock to the * might be sufficient to check it, and at present * * * * means of * * * * *. *, *, *, * *, * * the pericardium, * * by some *.
* the fatality of injuries of the heart, in consequence of which almost any chance by * should be quickly * * rather than * the lives of patients to * chance of recovery, it would seem that * * * * and discuss the * * procedure in this direction, no matter how *.
* states that his experience in the study of cardiac *, * * *, would lead * to the conclusion * * the lower portions of the heart, giving rise * rather than * *, do not * cessation of life for a time varying from some * of a minute to many minutes or even hours, * if the * * * in character, so as * the loss of * blood. However, if the wound * * of the organ, with extensive * of the *, death is * *. It would seem * to the muscular walls of the heart is much less * the production of * * * destruction of * * *, * * of the * * instantaneous death from shock. In * * several of the instances on which he * *. * * * * * * * * * of a * * having been * through the * with a * * * *, the base in each instance *; in several * * * * * * after being * with a * * in a similar manner; * other hand, * * * * in several * * in which the base of the heart * *. *, death may result * * * * * region, or according to *, * * * the heart, from the discharge of a * * *, a result occasionally seen after a * on the *. It is well, however, to state that in * *, one may receive * injury which will * *, and yet not be aware of the fact for some time, * for several minutes. It would appear that the nervous * * * * at such times, that it does not respond * * as readily as in the absence of *.
Instances of Survival after * * * * the principal * instances of cardiac injuries in * has been delayed for some time, or from which the * *.
* relates the case of a * who received a * from a *, penetrating the left ventricle, and who * * * * to have * * * and then to his own * * *. * * * instances of * * * injuries, in one of which the patient * * after receiving the wound, * * * *, * * * *. There is an instance in which a * * * penetration of the left ventricle, and * * *. * * * instance of survival for * * * of the right ventricle. * * * for three days after injury to the heart.
* * of a case of *, caused by * by a *, in which the patient * * *. * cases are as follows: *, * *; *, four and six *; * * *, * *, * *; *, * *; *, *; *, * *; *, * * *; *, *; *, * *; *, * *; * * *; *, *, two days; *, * *, * *; *, * days; and *, * * days; and *, * *.
* * * *, * to the * *, who was * * * several hours with one of his * * *, *, * * for keeping the * with a probe * * * *, but this * * * at the present *. * * * * of the right ventricle which did not cause death * * *. * describes a * in which a * * * * a little to the right of the sternum, * * of the 5th and * ribs, and then * * * about an * from the apex. It emerged from * *, passed through the diaphragm, the cardiac end of *, * * in the left kidney. The patient remained in * * * * hours after being *, and with * * * * * days. At the * * * in the organs were found to be *, * * * * *. * gives a case * * of the shoulder in which * * * after, the bullet * found in the left ventricle of *. * * reported a * * of the heart, * * of which the patient * four days. The * the ventricle * * from the left * the left * *, and making * close to * *. * * a man who * * * * * after being * through both lungs and the *. * * the case of a * who, in * by a * * * * body to the left of *, between the * and 3d *. He was * * *, and was * * * * * * *. There was little hemorrhage from his *, * * * days. At the postmortem examination * * * *. It was found that the * * * opened for about an *, * * * * anterior surface, near the origin of * artery. The * was found * in the * it had * during the *. There was a * * in the tricuspid valve, and the ball must * in the right * during the * days in which * *. * * an example of * * * * * of a cardiac *, the subject * * after a * penetrating the chest * * sac and passing through the left ventricle of * into the opposite *. * * of a gunshot wound * * * * until the * *. * a case of gunshot wound in which the * * * in the cavity of the ventricle four days and * * * of the wound. * * * * of the heart in a subject in whom * * * * days. After * the bullet was found * * in the heart. * * a case of * through the right ventricle, septum, and aorta, with * in the left ventricle. There was * * * days and sudden death on the * *.
* * * instance of a * * years old *, * * a bundle, * with rupture of the heart * several minutes. On postmortem examination an opening * * was found large enough to * * *. * * duration of life * five and a half days after * the heart; and there are instances on record in which * * * * * hours and for * * * * *. * * the case of a * * *, of powerful *, who was * to the *, *, *, * *, * * * examination by the surgeons, * * * * * * above the left *, * to the left of * line, the * * * in length and * * with the * *. * * * * * good, and the wound * *. It was impossible * * * * than the * *, * * * to; it was * considered a simple *, * *. * hours later symptoms of * * *, and at *, * 6th, the * * * * * * *. * * * * hours after death, and an * * * * was found through the * of the * *. * * * * found in the pericardium, and * the heart there was seen a clean, * * * in length, directly into the right ventricle, * * * * *. Both the pericardium * * * distended with * blood and large * * a case of gunshot wound of the heart in a man * * * * hours. The wound had been made * * * *, * * * * * line, and slightly to the left of the center of *; * * * * * *. * * showed that the * * * * just above the * cartilage, and had entered * to the right and at the lower part. The * * with blood, * * * *. There was a * in the anterior wall * in diameter. The wound * * * in diameter. * traversing the heart * * penetrated the diaphragm, * the omentum * *, and become * under the skin * * * * * *. * * that the "Index * * * *" * * * * * injury to the heart, all of which * longer than *: * * * *; * * * * *; * * * *; * * on the * *, * * * * *. * * list of cases of * * * * * * * *.
* instances of * wounds of the heart have been collected from U.S. * reports, in all of which * * *, except in one instance in which the * * hours. In another case the patient * hours after * of the injury, the * passing through the anterior margin of the right * the lung into the pericardium, through the right *, * entered the right pleural cavity, passing through * margin of the lower lobe of the right lung; * * it was found in the right pleural cavity. The left * cavity were perfectly normal. The right lung * * * compressed by the blood in the pleural cavity. * * * distended and contained from six to * * * coagulated blood. There was a fibrinous * the left ventricle.
* * * of the heart are not necessarily *. * cases of cardiac * * * there were as many as *, the diagnosis * * * by an autopsy in which there were * signs of the cardiac injury. By a peculiar * the fibers of the heart, * * * to one * * is in the direction of another layer, and to a *, *, * * function; it is probably from * * * wounds of the heart are often * * or no *.
Among the older *, * instances of * injuries to the heart are recorded. Before the present * * * * that had been * in the heart * course of their lives, and after their * * * * as the presence of a * or an arrow in * was found. * * * * the story of a * * killed in *, and in * * * * * * * that appeared to have been there some time. * produced a * * in the heart of *. Wounds of the heart, not *, have been reported *, * *, *, * * * *, *. * * an additional instance of recovery *, but in his case the wound was only *.
There is a recent case of a boy * *, who was * in the heart by a * *. The boy was * * * * *, * * months after the * * * he was taken * and died. * * * that the right ventricle had been * in a *; the cause of death * *, produced by * and thinning of the * *, the effect of *. * * the case of a man * *, * of general *, * passed into * * * * 16
cm. long and *. *. The wound * * * *. * nipple and cm. to the outside. The left side of the * emphysematous and *. * * * * the elevation of the skin by the * * * * *. * * * * on the following * the patient * *. * * months after * * of blood and pus and * *. At the * * * that the wound * * both lungs; * * of the ventricle and the inferior lobe of the right * * from before *, and from left to *, * ventricular cavity was not *. Strange to say, * * * between the vertebral column and the * to the right of the aorta, * * * neither of *.
* * * * of a * * *, * * *, * * heart with a *. * * by a pair of * *. In five * * * * *, and the * * * * * * for the *. * * * by a * * years before, had received a * from a * * * side of the sternum. * * * * *, * * * he had been able to perform * * * at the present * suffering from * * *. A loud * could be heard, which the * * * * since the time of * of the injury. * a double * * *, * * * * signs. From this time the * * *, * his death there were * * *, * the wall of the left ventricle, together with patency of * *, * signs of * * *. At the side of the left ventricle the * * * * and lined with * *.
* * a young * * * * * * * * * * *. * * * * *; * * * * * * * * extent that * * * * * * *. The 5th * * * and the pleural cavity * the pericardial * * *, * * * * * out, and the needle * felt in an * * the right ventricle. By pressure of a finger * * *, the eye of the needle * * through the * and fixed on the * *. An attempt * by the forceps *, as the violent * * * * the needle back into the cavity. About this stage * * * * * * *, * * the exposed pleural cavity, * * * * during a deep *, and could not *. * * * * * *, the patient made a good * at the * the fourth week and at the time of report it was * whether the needle remained in the heart or * into the mediastinum. During the discussion * the report of this case, * showed a portion of * * had been removed from the heart of a * life. The extraction was very slow in order to allow * along the course of the wound in the heart, and * * hemorrhage into the pericardial *, which is * the cause of death in * wounds of this organ. * that the *, * before the removal had been *, * * * * * the case of a * penetrating the left * * space, the diaphragm, *, pericardium, and * the heart. It was necessary to enlarge the wound, *, * *, * * one and * * of the * * *, the wound * * packed with * and in * days the patient *. * * * * of the heart penetrating the *, from which the patient *. * *, * of a recovery from a * * * * * * confirmed by a * * * * records a * injury to the heart.
* * the case of a man * * who was * by a * *, from an *, at a distance of *. * * * near the chest * on the * just below and to the outer * of the *, * the 7th and * ribs, and made * exit from * space of the 4th and * *, * * *. A line drawn from the wound of entrance to that of * * * through the right ventricle. * * * * * * * * steps, and then, * * * * hemorrhage from the front of the wound, * *. With little or no treatment the wound * * * set in; the patient was * in three *. * * was still * at last *, the exact * * done in the track of the bullet is not known, * * is that the heart * *.
* * of a gunshot wound of the heart with recovery, and * * * instance in which a * of the heart by * * followed by *. * * a case * observation in which a * passed through three * * cavities of the heart and * in the root of * lung. The patient, a boy * *, died of the effects * * three years and two months later. * * * in which, six years after the receipt of a gunshot wound * *, * * was found in the right ventricle. * of an instance in which a * was found in the heart * * * *, with no apparent signs of an opening * for its *. There is a case on record of a boy * who was * in the right *, the bullet * the right upper border of the *, * * * * *. Those who * * * * * * near the * end of the clavicle, four or * from where it *. In about * weeks the boy was * *. Five years later he was attacked * * and then * * * action of the * continued to increase after his *. * * could be heard ten or * *. * died of * of pneumonia * years later and the heart * * be two or three times its natural *, soft and *, * * the right ventricle, * * was discovered * * *. There was no * of entrance *, * * * *. * * * describes the * * * who died in consequence of gangrene of the * a bite in a * * *. At the * a needle, *. in length, was found * the heart, with which * of the deceased * he had * * * prior to his death. There is a collection of cases * * have been * in the heart from * * *.
* * a case in which a * * * twenty years in the walls of the heart. * * * * * * of the heart, in which for twenty years a * * in the wall of the right ventricle, * * caused by *. * * quite frequently * in the heart * *; *, *, *, *, *, and others * such cases. * * of the patient after removal of a needle from the heart.
* * * * * * *, who had in the substance of his * a bone * long and possibly * *. This case is probably one of ossification of * *; in the same * * says that * * * * * * a bone shaped like the * *.
Among the older * * * * * *, worms, and * * found in the cavities of the heart. The * *, *, *, *, * * * * * * * * circumstance. The * * due to the presence of loose and shaggy * to the endocardial lining of the heart, or in some * * * *. A strange case of foreign body in * was reported some time since in *. The patient * * * of the * * *, * * the esophagus and the pericardium and * *. * postmortem examination one year * *, as a * * * * visible on * surface of the heart about an * above the * which the * * penetrated the right ventricle * in the tricuspid valve. The * was that the * * * * * *. * * a case * cysts in the wall of the left ventricle, with rupture * cysts and sudden death.
It is * the extent of injury to the pericardium * * *. In his "Comment on the * * * says that he * the excision of a portion of * with the subsequent cure of the patient. * *, *, * * * *, * after a *. * * *, * * one occasion * * * * * * and found the pericardium in a *, leaving a portion of the heart *. It is said that * presence of * and several *, * * the body of a man who died after an extended * * the pericardium * and a great portion of the *, but the remaining * * * * * * * * a patient of * * *, * * * * and lost the last * * and necrosis. * * administered to excise * of the * bone and death *. * * gangrene of the heart and a * * * * *, small intestines, *. *, * records a remarkable case of * the pericardium with division of the intercostal *, * * *. * * * * * was made * * *, * * of the rib * resected, the * artery was *, the blood was turned out of * *, * * * * * * * * in the pericardium, which was * * *, * and the external * * *. * * * * instance of a man who was injured by a * * * on his *, producing a compound * * * as low as the 7th, and * the heart and lungs * * * the pericardium.
Rupture of the heart from * of the chest is not always * *. According to *, * has collected 28
cases of rupture of this *, including one * *. * nine of these cases there was no fracture, and * * of the * or a very * one. The * * in at least half of the cases, and in in which * * of lesion * * the right ventricle * * *, the left in three, the left * * * right in four. The longest period during which * * the injury * * *.
Among the older * * * * * injury are *, * * * rupturing the right ventricle, *, * * a similar *. * * * the left ventricle in a * * *. There is * of rupture of the heart which is not *, * * * occurs spontaneously, * * * * *, dilatation, or some other pathologic * the cardiac *. It is quite possible that the * of what * known as *" which is still *, * * cases in which * * * * of a degenerated * *. * gives a case * rupture of the heart in which * did not occur * *. * has collected cases of * of the heart, and in every instance the * * * in the left ventricle. It was noticed that in some of * the rupture did not take place all at once, but by * *, * * * in some instances for * * * days after the first manifestation of *. A more recent analysis is given by * * * * * * cases of rupture of * * * of the right ventricle, and four of * *. Within the last year * * reported a * * rupture of the heart in a man * *, * * lived a * life, and * * * * * and a weak heart. There was no * * * rheumatic fever. The * * * * * heart disease. After * out of * for a time, the * severe pain in the * and felt * * * * *. * * * worse and * * *. * * *, the mouth * drawn to the right, * right eye * * *. The left * *, then the right *. The tongue * to the * *. * * * *. The heart * * and without * *. * * * moved to *, * body and head * * *, * * * taken to avoid * *. Later, when * * raised to allow the introduction of a *, * * *. * postmortem examination * careful search failed to reveal any * change in *, * vessels, or the meninges. * * * * was found to be filled with *, and on * * * * * * in length was found in * ventricle; the * * closed by a recent *. * of the heart * *, the walls thin and * stage of fatty *. There was no *. The aorta and its main branches * *. * * * *; the abdomen * * *; the spleen * *; the kidneys * *, * *.
* gives the case of a man who was * * between the arms of a * of great size and the * * * * of the * * *; a peculiar * * * being that his * * * from left to * the time of report, * recovery from the injury, * * * tolerance of great * *. * * * *, * * * to 120,
regular, and never *.
Hypertrophy of the * heart of a man * * * * * *, and that of a woman *; in cases *, * * may be *, * * * * are rare. According to *, * * a heart * *, * * * * * *. * * * records are the * * * *, *, and one * * and six *. * * contains an * of a heart that * *. * * * that only * *.
Wounds of the aorta are almost invariably fatal, * cases are recorded by *, *, *, and others, * * * * * * from two months to *. * * a case of * in the *. The patient * * * * of another cause, and * postmortem examination the aorta was shown to have *; the wound in its * * covered with a * *. * attempt at * had been made.
* * * * * of the aorta after which the patient * * *, * dying of * * * * to the small size of *, * and degeneration of the aorta and * of the inner *, together with a possible * the pericardial *. * * said that * the body of a man who died of *, * * * aneurysm of the ascending aorta with a transverse * the vessel by the side of it, * * * * * the case of a * who was * * * * * long and three * *. * * through the diaphragm, cut off a portion of the liver, * the descending * at a point about the 7th *; * * * * * hours after * of this important *. * * the case of a * *, * * in the * *, who, in a * received a * in the right side. The * * a common *, which was * between the 5th * *, entering the left lung, and causing * * * * in four months, * suffered from * * * at the time of the *. * * * * pneumonia and was * * *, * * At the postmortem * * * * * * *, and in the ascending aorta * * * *, directly in the track of the *, which was * border and was occupied by a firm * * * * had been * *, as, by * * * * * was found corresponding to the other. * had been avoided in this case by the formation * in the wound during the * * * *, * aided by * exposure to cold.
* * * * * case of coalescence of the esophagus and aorta, with ulceration and * of the aorta, the hemorrhage * from the * the moment of rupture.
* had a case of injury to the external * * from external *, with subsequent obliteration of the * the patient was * * * could be found in *.
* * a case in which the patient had received *, * * * * artery, and, * medical or surgical *, * the injury * *.
* of the degree of hemorrhage which may follow an injury so * as that of * on a needle * * *, reported by a * authority, of a child * * a needle, and, while * with it to its *, * *, the needle penetrating the 4th * *, * end of it * outside of the wound. * * the needle * * teeth and * it, but * *, * * * could be *, * *, causing pulmonary pressure and dyspnea.
Rupture of the esophagus is attributable to many causes. * * * as a cause, and * * the case of * * of seven, *, during an attack of fever, * esophagus by vomiting. * * reported the case * *, who, in a *, * * * *. * * a case in which not only the *, * the diaphragm, * * * *. In this * * * * * cases of rupture of the * * * * instance of rupture * *. * * * * * *, but there is a * given by * * in which the * *. * * * have both * * * the report of this case which is * as follows: *, * * *, * fifty years of age, and, * exception that he had a sense of * * * *, he was in * *. To relieve * * he was in the habit of taking a * of an infusion of * *" * *. *, * in the *, when he had * * *, * * a rather * *, he was * by a * in his stomach, and to relieve * * * * * of his * *, but to no *. * tried to * * * * * *, *, *, * * * * * *; * diagnosed his * * saying that it was "the * of something * * of the stomach." He became * and died in * * *; at the * it was * that without * * signs of disease the esophagus * * * * in a transverse *.
* * separation of the esophagus from the stomach; and * * the history of a boy of seven * * being treated for worms and cerebral *. * * contents of the stomach were found in the abdominal * the esophagus * * separated from the * * the separation * *, and was * to the * of the stomach by the action of the *. In this * may be mentioned the case * * of a man * * who had an attack of * * two years before death. A * was made * * death, and there was so much destruction of * by a process * * that only the * * * * *. * suggests that this * instance of * * of the stomach * * is impossible.
Nearly all cases of rupture of the stomach are due to carcinoma, ulcer, or some * *, although there have * of rupture * pressure and distention. * the case of a man * * * * * * symptoms of gastric *, and who * spontaneous rupture of the posterior border of * due to *. There was a tear * * * near the cardiac * * * * to the *. The margin of the tear * no evidence *. There were * esophageal neoplasms * * from the teeth, which * *. * * * * found only * cases of * of the stomach. * * the case of a * * * suffered from *. He was a hard * * * * several times, * * laden with * * * * * * * with a * *. * * died of his *, and at postmortem it was found * * * *, showing a slit * * long. The gall
bladder * * * of inspissated bile. * * case of rupture of the esophageal end of a * in a * * * * distended and the walls *. * * * it was necessary to * the bowel *. * * spontaneous rupture of the * a woman * *, the subject of lateral * * *, who had * attacks of * *. On the day of death there was *, and a gentle * * * * * before death a sudden * * * *, * *. * * showed a * * * long and * from the pyloric *. * * * * * rupture of the * of the stomach by the act of * patient was a woman who had * * * * * *, * had been relieved by strict *. * * * to a greater extent than usual, * nausea, and made * * * * * the contents of the stomach. * * * * experienced a * as if something * * * lower part of her *. * * * * * *, and died * *. * * that the anterior and middle part of the stomach * * to the extent of five *. The tear * * * toward the greater curvature. The edges * * * * * * * of disease. The cavity of * * full of * *. The records of * *, *, contain the account of a man * * for two years had been the subject of * in the stomach. * * * * * * * * * *. * *. * he had * * * after a *. On the following * * * * * accompanied by nausea and *, * * * attack of pain at the * of the stomach * * * *, * *. * * * at the *, on the anterior surface of the stomach was found. * * * below the lesser * to its * * * * *. There were no signs of * * *.
* * the case of a * * *, * treatment for *, *, * pain or *, * * collapse and died * hours later. * * * case of rupture of the stomach of a woman of uncertain * * * to have died of cholera. The examination of * of both cases * * rupture of the stomach and * *. In both cases, at the time of rupture, * * *, and the gastric juice * * * * of the *, * allowing the escape of blood * * *. * * of rupture * on the *. In the first case the * of the stomach * * *. In the second * * * * and not *. There was absence of softening, *, or rupture * posterior walls.
* * of the amount of * * that is possible, * * a case in which pounds of * the stomach.
* * is an interesting fact that some * exhibit the power of * the stomach at will * its contents * *. * * * member of the * * *, *, by his * and without * or any * efforts, could * contents of his *. In his translation of * * *" * * a similar * *, in which the * * brought about by *.
* * wounds and other * of the stomach * * would be complete without a description of the * * * *. *, * * has been the means * so much to the knowledge of the * *. This man was a * * of good * * *, and was employed as a * * * * *. * * * * * * *, he was * * by a discharge from a * contents of the *, consisting of * * * * left side from a distance of not more than a *. * * * * * * * * * off the * and muscles for a * the size of a * *, * * the anterior * the 6th *, * the 5th *, * * * of the lowest lobe of the left lung, and * * and the stomach. The whole mass of the * * fragments of * were driven into the * cavity of the chest. When first seen by *. * * * * after the *, a portion of the lung, as large * * * was found protruding through the external * * * * * * *. * * * * *, * proved to be a portion of *, * through all its *. Through an * enough to * * *, * * remnants of * he had taken for breakfast. * * * * * *, and the wound * *. Portions of the lung, *, ribs, and of * process of the sternum * *. In a year * * of the *, the wound, with the exception of * * of the stomach and *, * *. * * was about * *, and through * food and drink * * prevented by a * * *. * * * * * as to be able to * and do * *, * * * * *. Some months later a * * * of the * * * * * * * * *, so as to * * * * compress, the * * acting as a valve * * * *. This valvular * was easily * the finger. *. * * * * * * * of the skin. He took * food and drink * * person, and for * * * * * * * in the * * as a *. * * were performed the experiments on * * * well known. *. * was at all times willing to * in the * of physiologic science. In *, * * * * * * *. * * * * time at *. *, * *, * * *. At the age of * he was * * well, and had * been a hard *. At this time * in the stomach was nearly * * in diameter, and * of its * * * had never failed *.
* * a remarkable case of gastric fistula in the *, * * cases of gastric *, none of * in the *. The patient was a * * *, * * * *, followed by * * * * * *. * * were found in the *, and were laid open into one *, *, * * of the 12th *, * dilated and * * *, and found to be in connection with the stomach. * * found on the *, but with the careful * * a cure * *.
In the * * wounds of the stomach were not always fatal. * * *, *, * * * in which the stomach * * so that * * the wound. * * tells us that in the * * there was a * who received a * of the * * * * immediately after being *; * that two * * * the edges of the * * *, * * a cure. There is * record of a gastric * through which * * * the period of * *.
* * of a man who was * by a *, * * entering the * of the 4th * on the right side, * the stomach to the extent of two * at a * * * below the * *. * *, consisting of *, *, * *, *. Shortly after the * of the injury, * * * up the wound with an *, *, * * did not see the patient * * * * which time * * * * the wound. After a * * the patient *, * * of injury and the primitive mode of treatment.
* * the case of a woman * * *, * * *, * * * * below the * * *, * the stomach in two *. * * * the greater part of the larger * * *; the arch of the colon and the entire * * * *. A small portion of the * * *, including the wound, * * up, a * * * it, and the * *. Two months * * * * *, though the * of the * not been seen in the stool. * * a robust * * who was * in the abdomen with a * * * * of the stomach. The patient * * returned to * the following month.
There are many cases on record in which injury of the stomach has been due to some * * * in the * * * * *. The records of injuries * * * * * * years, and even in * days the delicate * * *, * * * issue, was performed * persons who had *. * * that in * * * * * * * * * from the stomach of a man *, followed by a successful *. *, *, *, * * * *, * * case as being under the direction of * * *. The patient, a native * *, * * * * * * * *, * * * the superior portion of the stomach. After it had been * * * * seven weeks and two days * *, and the * *; the patient *. * * * the case of a * * * * * * in his *, * no one would * * * *; * he was * * * * *, * * * * * * * *; * * *. There is another * case of a man * * * * * * * few weeks * * exit from an abdominal *. * * the case of *, belonging to the Court * *, *, nine months * * *, * it at the groin. In the * * * * a similar case, the * remained in the body two years. * * * fact that a * * * * was extracted *, * * among the * in the anatomic * * * * *. * * was done in *, * *, * * * * * * * to the King * *. The patient * * after the *.
It is said that in * * * with a * * *, a country * * * * *, * * * under the care of *, physician to the * *, * * * *, two years and * *, from the * of the * *. * * of the * * * *. * * * operated on a woman who had * an open * * * it was found that the * * * * stomach and had * a slight *. * * * was very *.
* * *, *, * * on a man, who, * * * feat of *, * * * of lead, * *, * wide, and * * * * * * *. * * * removed and the *. * * * account of a * * * head to * * * * * * * *; * * * * * * against the * * * * * * * *. * * * * * * * *. * *, and the piece of * * * * * there was perforation of the stomach before the *, * died of peritonitis.
An hour after ingestion, * of St. * * * * * * *. By means of an * * * was extracted * through an * * long in the walls of the stomach. * * of a man * who was in the habit of * * * in public *, and who * * * such an extent as to cause abscess and death. In the * * * * *, * there is * list of * * for the removal * and other foreign bodies, from the * * * * *.
The physiologic explanation of * is quite *. We know that when we * the finger, * *, *, into the throat of a patient, we * * *. There is *, *, * * with the function of respiration. * * * that there are people whose * * such that, without apparent *, they are * * * * * * *. Many of the * * visitors to * the stomach and * the point * * through the skin. The * used is usually * * * rounded edges, or if *, * * tube of thin * * *. * explanation of these * * follows: The * enters the mouth and *, * *, * the cardiac end of the stomach, and * * as far as the antrum of the pylorus, * * of the stomach. In their normal state in the adult * are not in a * line, but are so placed by * of the *. In the first place the head is thrown * that the mouth is in the direction of the esophagus, * of which * or become less as the * * * that the esophagus * with the stomach *, and finally the stomach is distended in the * and its internal * *, thus permitting * to traverse the greater diameter of the stomach. * *, these organs, in a * *, * * * * * cm., and consequently the * * * * * * of this *. The length * * *.
Mouth and *, * *. *, * *. * *, * *. *- * *.
* * with the * * * * service to *. It was through the good * of a * * * *, *, * * to make * * *. * * * * * * * * * * *. They were * * * *, * pieces of *. * * length of time he would have the * * *, and in this way * observed to what * the process * * * *. It was * * * * * the physicians to what * * could be * * contact, and from this * invention of the tube of *, the esophageal * of the stomach, and * of this organ * *. Some of these individuals also have the * * * *, as large * * * eggs, and * * * by one by simple contractions of the * time to time individuals are seen who possess the power * *, *, bits of * *, etc., and, *, there have been * * * who claimed * able to * *, in large quantities, * *, * *" * * example of this * born at * * Early in life * * * * *, * whole and sometimes * * with his *. * * * off as an * * * as many as * * * * * the fact * * on the * * the aid of * he would * * * and make * * the next day. He would also * * mice and * * * *. It was said that when the mice were * * *, * * * into the pharynx where * * * and then swallowed. The next * would be passed by the rectum * and covered with * *. * * * * * * a moderate *, he was induced to * * * * * * * * long and one * * *. * * days later. * According to *, there was a man by the name of * * * * * and two * in the presence of * * * *, the King * * the articles * * *. * * * * * * * the history of an * * * * *, * * * * for the * * *. At first * * four, and three * * them by the anus; * * * * * * sizes with the same result. * * * * himself with *, but this * * * * pains and * * *. * * * from iron. * * * * * * * * were found in the stomach, some of * * * *; * were found in the pelvis * in the abdominal cavity. * * * instance of * * * * * * * * * * *. * * * * abstracted from *. * * * a somewhat similar *.
Early in the century there was a man known as the * *" * * * * *, * *, who had * * * in nearly all the * * *. One of his * * * * * *. * * a man * *) who, in
1807, was * * * * * * * he attributed to *. * * * at first; but after his death, in *, * * fragments of * found in his *. * * * on a * * * the colon and * * * * * * there is * of a * * * * * * remained in * and caused * * symptoms that * *; the patient, *, * *.
* * * * instance of *. The person * was a man * * * * * * * *" He had * * * * * * * * and key attached; at another * * * * * them by the anus. * *, *, * *, in one day and night * * * and 41
copper *. This man * * when a * * * * *, * * * a small *. * * * * was found normal, but his * * * as to reach * to the spine of the *, * were found in the stomach * * * or more. * * * * * * * * * * * * and feel * as low * as the anterior * of the *.
The present * of the * *" * * * * *, * * * *, * * trick is to * a real * * with a * and two * *. * * * * * * * *; *, * *, * * * * * * * * at once. A *, by the name of *, * * since in *, * * * * * * * * * pieces of * * *.
Foreign Bodies in the Alimentary * the discussion of the foreign bodies that have been taken into the stomach * * possibly the most interesting cases, * * *, are those relating to * *, * *, *, * *. It is particularly among the * that we find accounts of this *. In the * * of a man who * * * that had * * *, and of another person who * a beetle that had * in a similar manner. From the same * * * of the * * * *, *, *, and also * * by the anus * * * * *. * * * * *, *, *, *, and others. * * a man who * * * *. * * of a person who, * * * a mouse which he had *. *, *, * *, are among the older * * * * *. * * * * * * * * * into the mouth.
* states that he * a case of a person who * * *. * * * * * * * * * persons who have * * * * *. * * of an instance in which a * * * from the bowel; and * * * * a live * * had been * two days before, * is another * * on record. * * * instance in which a *, * * * into the mouth, had been * by the anus. * * * instances in * * in which * * *, *, during sleep, * * which were * found in the stools.
There is an abundance of cases in which * have been * *. *, *, *, *, *, * *, *, * such cases. * * of a * *, * *, * * * in a * * * in the * water. In this way * * *, * * * * hemorrhage from *. * * a child of five * * *, and who died of abdominal *, *, *. *, *, * * * *. According to * * * * * * * * * * * * * have commented * * * * in the digestive tract. * * * * * * * * *. * * a case in which * *. * * * * case of * passed from the human *. *, *, *, have discussed the possibility of a * living in * of man. * * of a case in which * * from the stomach; and * * * account of * * * by vomiting. *, *, *, *, * * * cases in which * have been *.
* * variety of foreign bodies that have been * * * or for * * * is enormous. Nearly every * * * * to the most * * has been reported. To * * the literature on this subject would in * a volume, and only a few instances can be given * in such a way as to show the variety, the effects, and * of their passage through the intestinal *.
* says that in * * of a * * * opened, and in the stomach were found * * * * * *, *, pieces of *, *, *, *, and a *. In the intestines * * * found a pair of *, a mass of *, * *, * * in width and diameter. * a fork which was passed from the anus * * it was *. * * * instance of * was performed for the extraction of a fork * years before. There is an interesting case in which, in * * typhoid fever, * * * * * * *, which were * * through an *. * * * * *, * * * * * *, which was * * * from the thigh. For two years she had * * in both *. In the * * * * * * is a * * * in length * * swallowed, and was * * weeks later by *, without having given rise to any *.
Among the * * * * seems to be * *. In the * * is an account of the * the stomach of an * who died * *. * * were found * * *, * *, * * *, a key, an iron *, * *, * * * * *, and many other *. * * *. * * of an * * * * pounds of old * a pair of *. * * * * * * * * * and bits of *, all of which were * the anus. * * * account of a child * * * * * * * long. In a few days * * felt in the *, but in due time it was * * *. * * * account of a * * * the alimentary canal of a *. * * * * * *, * * stomach after * * or more * *, *, and other *.
* reported a remarkable * which was * *. The patient was an * * *, * * * *, to whom he was called to relieve * * * *. * * * *, * believed that * * a foreign body. He was told that * * * * * * * * * * * * * earth and * *. * * dose of the *, the patient made a strong * *, * * * * cm. long * * *. This was taken out of her mouth, and with it an * cm. long, and having * * attached to it. * a case occurring in a * *, * * * * *, * * * * *. * * * * * * * * * *. For several days the dog * * * * *. * * saw the end of the chain * from the *, * * * of it, * * out a * * * * * * *, with a * * at the end * * *; the dog * *. * * * never found, * * * digested or previously *.
Fear of * has often led to the * of money * *. *, * * * * *, * * of four months in *, * pursued by *, * * * of gold; shortly after * * * * them all at stool. * * * the history of a * * * * * * * * pieces of money, * combined weight * *, *. * receiving a sentence of three *, * *, to prevent them * * *, * * *. * * * * *, * * * * * * * *. While at * * * *, * * * * * abdominal pain, the seven * * * * *. * * the case of a man who, on * * * *, * all the money he had on his * is said that a certain * * * * * *.
* * * * * teeth are * swallowed, and even passed through the intestinal tract. * a young man who * * * * the previous night, and, to further * * * *, he took a dose of * *. * * * * * pain in the stomach, and was advised to * * food and avoid *. The following * * * * * * a sharp pain in the lower part of *. A large * was given and the teeth and * * * * * * and put back in his mouth, and * * *. * years later the same * * to the man but in * of treatment * * * * teeth for a month *, when a body appeared in * * proved to be a * plate with the teeth in it. * * * * there is an account of * * which was swallowed and * * *. * * * instance of * * * * * * *, * recovery; and * in which a successful * was performed. * a woman * * * * * * * * *. A sharp * of the * * * * * * of the cardiac end of the stomach and had * *. * * * hours after * * *.
In the * of the * * * * * * there is an * * * *, which was * * * * * who had suffered from * * *. * years before the * * * * * to have * * *. At one side of the * * had been broken off * * * * * the nucleus of the formation. * * the case of a man * * * * * * * *. He was a * and, it was * * * * solution of * used in *. * likely the * had been * * * and gave rise to the *.
* * a child * * * who was * with a * *, and put it in its *. * * * attempted to * * *, but it was * * *. A physician was called, * * was done, and * seemed to suffer * *. * * * * * expelled from the anus. * * * passage through the alimentary canal of the * * *. *, * of the * *, * of a woman * * who was in the * * * * * * * * pharynx with * * * * six or seven * * * at one end. In May, * * * *. * * * developed, and * * * appeared in the * * * *, * * *, and from it * end of the brush. * * attempting to extract * the attending physician * himself with * * * *. The opening * *; * * * years later did the pain and swelling *. * to the hospital in *, * * * seen in the * region, and the foreign * * * *. *, * * * * *, one of the * enlarged, and * *. * weeks later the * * * * * patient was restored to health.
* * an interesting instance of foreign body in a man * * and fifty. This man * * * * * of the mouth, and he * * * * * with which to * * *. * * * * one day, * * * * * * * * on the *, and the * *. * * *, and a physician was *; * * * * * * * into the esophagus. * *, * * *, and as the * *, * was proposed; the patient, *, * * to an operation. On the * * * * on the left side below the nipple, and from it * a large quantity of pus and blood. Four days *, * * to be better, * * began to * *, and from it * saw the end of a * *. * was called, and by * * * * * between the * * * *; * days after * the wound * * *. Two years * * had an attack of cholera, but in the * * * * an active life of labor.
* an enormous mass of hair has been removed from the stomach. * * * * * with a large * * * to a hospital. * * * five years * * attacks of vomiting, and on three * * * that she * * *. * * *, the stomach opened, and from it was * a mass * * * * * and three *. A good *. In the * of St. * *, *, * of hair and * taken from the stomach and duodenum * * of ten. It is said that from the age of three * * been in the habit of eating * *. There is a * the last century of a boy * * * * all the hair * *; * * * stomach and intestines * * lined with hairy masses. In the Journal * * * *, * there is a report * case of *.
Foreign Bodies in the * relates the history of a case in which a * * * swallowed and * from the intestinal *. * * * * * * * * * * *. * * and the * was found impacted in the last * * * *. * * *, there was * * * the end of the ileum with the adjacent end of *, showing a * * which was impacted in the * * * * * long, and its * * * *. There was * ulceration of the mucous * * had been * by a * * *, * * * * * attempts at *. * the case of a man * * *, * * * *, * opened, and two * * * * was found an * * which he *. * * relates the instance of a man who * * * in diameter; and the case of a *, to prevent the * * * *, * * * * * *. He was kept * * * * passed from his *. * * * * in the ileum of a man. * * * * * following the perforation of the jejunum by a * * * had been *. * * of a person, * intestinal obstruction, in * * were found * * * mercury and a *. * * * * taken for * *. * * * interesting case of * * while in the * * * * case in which the * * of the femur of a rabbit * * way from the bowel * bladder, and was * * by the urethra.
In cases of appendicitis foreign bodies have been found * in or about the vermiform appendix so often that it is quite * * idea that * is invariably the result of * of some foreign body * *. * * the literature of this subject * that a great * foreign bodies may be present. A few of the * * be cited in the following *.
In the New * * *, is an account of a vermiform appendix which was taken from the body of a man * who had died of pneumothorax. During life there * symptoms of disease of the appendix, and after * * were found, but this organ * remarkably long, and * were found *. The old * * * * * * all his life, and was * * the meat of small * * * * it; to * * attributed the presence of these * in the appendix. * * case was that of a man who died in * * The ileum of this man * * * * *. * * a case of appendicitis in * * *, in which a * * was found * *. * * a case of appendicitis in * pieces of * * * *, * and the other * *, were found in the omentum, * * * *. *.
describes a case in which a double *, with a hard *, was found in the vermiform appendix of a boy of four years and * of age. * * a case of what * * * from the lodgment of a * in the appendix; * * * instance of death in a man * * to the presence of a * in the *. *, *, *, *, *, and many similar objects have been found in * * * * *.
* * degree of injury that the intestinal tract may *, and after * * its functions *, is most *; and even when the injury is of * * as to be *, the persistence of life is * is a well known fact that in *, * * of the abdomen and *, * are seen to * * until the * is finished. * * a case * * * who was * * by a heavy * * stump of a glass * * * into the *, and the * * and were * by the * * *. * * * * * * into the bowel * was impossible to remove *; yet the * made a *. * has the case of a man * *, * *, who on * * * * * * * * * * *. * * * * * * *, * * * * * * * * * *, * * out of the wound the omentum and * *, which he * * * * * * * * *. Strange to say * did not die * * days after * *.
* relates the case of a * * * a large part of the mesentery with a *, and yet *. * * * the history of a * * * of the intestines and rupture of the diaphragm, * * * * *, * * * * hours after.
* * * * * * reported the case of a boy of thirteen who was * * *. It was found necessary to remove * * * *, but the boy made a subsequent * * * * an operation on a woman * for the relief of intestinal obstruction. * * * * it was found necessary to remove * * of the small intestine; the patient * * * * of any kind. In his * * *" * that he * * more than seven * * *, * * *. * * * * * * * of intestine. The case was one * of an * *.
Sloughing of the Intestine * * * * * * of about * who was * * an attack of * of the bowel, and * in a * * when she had a * * * * * * * of bowel with the *. * * *, * * * months later from * attack of *, the ileum * * *. There is a record in this country of a * * * * * of intestine, and * * * days. The autopsy * * * *, and from the * * to the * * * * *. * gives a history of * * * in which a portion of the colon * the wound * * *, forming an * *.
Among others * * sloughing of intestine * *, and usually with complete *, * *, * of the ileum; *, *; *, *; *, *; *, *, * *; *, inches; and *, *.
Rupture of the * is quite possible for the intestine to be ruptured * * *, and cases * of all parts of the bowel have been recorded. * the history of a case in which the colon * * from the rectum * * *. * * rupture of the duodenum by a * *. *, *, * * * cases of rupture of the duodenum. *, * * * cases of rupture of the colon.
* upon the gastrointestinal tract have been so * in the modern era of * that at the present * * * *. There are so many * cases on record * * * * mention here.
* is an operation for establishing a fistulous * in the stomach through the anterior wall. * * * *, but the results of this * * * have not thus far * * *. It is * that, being an operation of a serious *, * * * * enough, the patient * * * *. Gross and * have collected, *, * cases with * * rates of * * * * * per cent, * that of * * * * per cent, and for malignant cases 84
per cent. It is possible that in * * * * so far * that death would have resulted in a * * *. * we have already * *.
* is an operation * * * * *, and is designed to remove the * obstruction in * of the pylorus, at the same time creating a new *.
* * * * * * for the relief of malignant disease of the pylorus, the diseased * removed and the parts *.
* * * of the stomach is considered by most * * *, as there is seldom * * * * * *. * * * * * * an abstract * * * * * of the stomach. * patients were treated, * * died. In the first case, * * the abdominal cavity * was found very much *, * * * on its posterior *. * of the * * was made at the pylorus * * * extremities; the portions * * of the stomach. The pylorus * * * * of the cardiac *, making a cavity about the size * * egg. In this case a cure was accomplished in three * * case was that of a man in whom almost the * * removed, and the pyloric and cardiac * * together in the wound of the *. The third * that of a man * * with carcinoma of the * *, the line of * * * * *. Unfortunately the patient * *, * * caused the * to give *; * died of * on the * *.
*, or the formation of a * * above the ileocecal valve, was performed for the first time by * in
1840, but the mortality * has been so great that in * it is deemed *.
*, an operation designed to make a fistulous * in any portion of the rectum, was first * * *. * times the mortality of * * was about * *, but has been * * * * * 20
cases with only one death from peritonitis, and * * only one death. This will always * its place * * as a * * * * * stenosis of the lower part of the colon, and * of carcinoma of the rectum in which operation is *.
* *, * * portions of a severed or * * can be intimately *, * * * the portion of bowel which has become *, * suggested by *, and was * * * *. * * to it, and * it by * * * * * that time, *, *, *, *, *, *, * *, * * the material of the *, * * *, * *, *, *, *, *. * * * * * * *, which has been extensively * all over the world, * * sutures and *, as a means of *. * * has had * discussion in recent * * * of this * *.
Foreign Bodies in the * the most * case of foreign body introduced into the rectum is the classic * * *. * * * * * tail of * in the anus of a * *. * * * *, and having * the passage with oil, * * * with great * into the rectum, allowing a portion *. * pain and * * *; * * *, * constipation, and fever. * efforts to * the tail, the arrangement of the * * *, * *. On the sixth *, * *, * * applied to *, * * the simple procedure of taking a long * *, * one of its * so that it could be * the rectum, he was * to pass * * * * tail and to * *. * * *, and the * the foreign body * followed by the issue of * * * * the six * it had * *.
* * * * * * * * * who, in *, * * * * * *. * * necessary to cut the foreign body out of the side of *. A year * * put in his * * * * * size, and this had to be removed by surgical *, * * * was used, but this resulted in * * * * * treatment. In his * of the * of Surgery * *, * * of a * *, * * * *, introduced into * * a bottle of * * * * *, with a small opening in its *, * the contents, * * *, * enter the intestine. * * could not remove the *, * * *. It was at last necessary to * a boy with a * to extract the *. There is a record of a case in * * * * * * * up the rectum and then * the colon where it * gangrene and death. It was * * * by two *. There is a * * which a * * * in diameter * * the rectum, and had to be broken and extracted * *.
* had a patient who put into * * * * * and a * *. * removed from the rectum of a man * * cm. long, and * * * * * * * by introducing a similar * cm. long, * * * *. * * in the pathologic * * * there is a * *, cm. long, * gm., which a * * * * * to relieve *. The stone * * by a surgeon * * *. * * a person who, to stop *, introduced into * * * of wood * * *.
There is a remarkable * * of a * in the anus of a man * *, the superior extremity in the right * * in the * of the *. * * * cm. in length; * * *. It is impossible * * extent of * of the intestine * twisting of the *. * * that he * to see a * * *, suffering from * *. * found the * * *, * *, * *. * * * * found a hard * * *, which he was * was not *. * * * * * *, and found it to be a * * * * * * *, in length, and
1 in diameter. The removal * followed by a veritable * fecal material, and the * *. * * of the rectum by the introduction of two large * *; there was * * *.
* * a native *, * * * *, who had * * * * * up into * *, * * * * * * *. He was * * in the * *, * * brought to * of the *, and after dilatation of the sphincter, * with the fingers and *, * * *. * * * long. The young * * * up on the road, where it had been * * by exposure, and this caused the difficulty in *.
* * * *, there is the record of a case of a man at stool, * * on a * *, * * * * * beyond the sphincter. It was only * * *.
* * * * * * * * a box of tools. Symptoms of *, *, *, *, * * * * * * day, when he died. After *, there was found * transverse colon, * * * * *, made of *, covered with skin to protect the rectum and, *, * *. It was * * long and five * * * *. * * a piece of * * *, * * *, * *, * * of steel * * * * *, * * * * *, * *, * * file, a * piece and * * * together with *, a piece of * a piece of *, the latter * * * *. * * it was found that these * * of common use, and were * * up the rectum *. * * * * * * * * * *, * * * * *. * * * case of foreign body in the rectum of a boy *. The boy was * to be * with an * about the size of a * * under the *; it had been * four months *. * * the hospital the * * * * pain and * days later * * * * * * *, * * * that he had introduced into the * all his * he was * of the nature of *, but he * rather than *. * * * * * *, for the purpose of * * * * * * * * * * with the open end *. The next * he had * in the abdomen, and the * could be * * * wall. It was necessary to perform * * * * *, divide the * *, * * * *. The intestine * * and the *. * * * cm. long, * cm. in * * * *, and three *. at its upper end.
* * a case in which a * * was introduced into the rectum, and although * * * * *. * * * from the rectum * * of seven. * * of a * case in which * power of the rectum * * in the * * * * *. In order to come into the possession of a * * * * the boy by introducing * of some * * * * *, * * *; there was * inflammation of the rectum. * * * *, * * * * * * *.
* * of the abdomen does not always have a fatal issue. In fact, * * *, * * *, * it is quite possible for a person to be * * * portion of the intestines or * *. * * * * times, the * degree of * * by a stake. In his * and travels, * * death of the King * * at the hands of his page, * says that instead of being reserved for *, * * * *, * *, * * * * *, * * * * * with a long * * * in at * * and came out at the * * *. There is a record of a man * *, * * * * * * who, in * from his *, * * by a *. * * * * * * to the left of the last * *, * * * to the left and below the umbilicus; * was no symptom of visceral * there were * * * perforation of the * and the * * * *.
* * a case of * in a young * *, a native of New * *, who had received a * * * during a *; * was impossible * * * *; * * *, *, * * * * * by means of a small *. * of the wound * *, *, and a * * *. During the * the patient * * * * in the *, and on the second day was * * pains and distention. The following * * * that the * * * had been removed, and * * * * and contained * * * patient was * the wound with a * of the * * * *. * that the * * inches, and the * of treatment, the * closed on the sixth day, and recovery * * * * instance in which a * * * * * *, * * * in the spinal * causing the slightest evidence of wounds of * * *. A minute postmortem examination * * * *, * * * * * *, * * * * * as regards * * * * passage of the *.
* says that a boy * *, * * *" with another boy, * * on a *. * * * * at its upper part, * * long and * * *, * * at its *. * * * entered the body of the *. * * * in front of the right spermatic cord, * * * into the cavity of the abdomen, * * * * to the left side; * * entered the * * the diaphragm, displaced the heart by * * the right of the sternum, * * the left lung. * * * under the muscles and * * * *, along the upper third of the humerus, * * beyond the head, the external * not being * * remained in situ for four hours before * * were made. On account of the displacement of the * * * not to give *. The boy was * * * men, and * and his * * all the * their power. After removal not more than a * * followed. The heart * * displaced, and a lump * about the size of an * * from the * * replaced. The boy made a slow and uninterrupted * * * * * able to * up. The testicle *, * months later, when the boy was *, he was * * * able to *. There was a slight enlargement of * and a * of the wound in the right *. * * * absent, and the apex of the heart * * * *.
* * the case of a * * *, * * seven or * * * * * * stake in a *; * was first *, and then the * passed into *, up the rectum for two *, * through the *, and through the body in an * * * the ribs near the left * * * *, * * exit. The * * * * * *, * * of its length passed into the body, six or seven * from the chest. * * * * * * * able to * * * * *. In a case * * * * *, * * down a * * upon a * * * entered the * * weight of the * * * maintained by * tissue of the * *.
* * of the passage of one * of a * through the body of a man * *, from the * * *; * * *.
* * a case of * of the * with penetration of the pelvic * to the depth of ten * * * * *. * * the history of a case * in a man * *, *, * down a * on the * of a * * * * * * of the scrotum, and * * between the skin and * the 10th *. * * *.
There are several cases on record in which * wounds of the abdominal * with protrusion and injury to * have not been followed by death. Injuries to * themselves have already been * *, but there * cases of * worthy of record.
* says that at * * * he was called to see a man who had been * in a * * * *. When first seen in the *, the patient was * * * with his * *, from which * * mass of intestines, which were covered with * *; the small intestine *) * * at one point * at another by the passing *. * *, * * in length, * * with a single * * * * * * * the whole * * returned to * cavity. In this * * * * * * * of the ileum, the cecum with its *, * * ascending colon with * portions of the * distribution of the superior *, * * * * * *, was more * * * * * * than in any * * * * *. * the extent of his injuries the *, and at last * * * *.
* * the history of a * * * who was * to the * *, * *, * 1867,
suffering from an * * of the abdomen, * * * * of colon, all of the stomach, and * * of the small intestines. * * of the *, having a * *, appeared to be filled * and had much of the characteristic * of a *. * of the small intestine had a * color, and * and colon, distended with *, * *. * had been exposed to the atmosphere for over an * nothing but * * water to wash * * * * the intestines without any * * blood and * * * * with a * and the * they would * * * * * * through the opening. In ten * * *; they were carefully examined * * * * *, but none was found. Three * * * * the skin, and a firm * applied. The patient * * shortly after his * * *, and never had * * * *; he was * * * *, * being entirely *, with the exception of a * * * * had not *.
* * the case of a * * * who was * by a * * by a circular *, making a * * above the umbilicus and to the left. Through the opening * of intestines and a portion of the liver, * * *, *. A portion of the liver was *, * *, as well as the intestines, * *, and the *.
*, *, *, *, *, and others, * instances of abdominal * accompanied by extensive * the intestines, and recovery. * * an abdominal * protrusion of three * of small intestine. * * *, *, * *, * * * *.
* * * * wounds of the abdomen, *: * the case of a private in the First * * after a double * perforation of the abdomen. * * * * * to the left of the * * * above the * of the *, * * * * above the * of the *, on a line with and * from the 4th * *. The other * * * below and to the * of the left *, * * * * * below the point of entrance. * * * * did not * any of the viscera, and * exception of * * there was no * * * of the patient. * records the case of a * * * * by a * * from a * of the * pattern. The * * on the left * the abdomen, * * * * the center of *, * * *, *, and slightly * * * to the left of the * process of *. * * * all the symptoms of peritonitis * *. * * * there was * discharge of fecal * * anterior and posterior *. * * * * days and then *. * * * * * * *. * * a case of a * * * entering the abdomen, passing through the * * just above the right *. * * * * * and was returned to * about ten *.
There are a number of cases on record in which a * entering the abdominal cavity is * * either by the * by the bowel. * * * cases at the * * during the late * in which * * the abdominal wall * * by the anus in a * *. * * the case of a young man * * * in the abdomen with a * * after the * * * * * * * * * * *. * * on the * the third day, the * * from the urethra and * * * into the chamber. After the discharge of the * * * *, and in two or three * * complete recovery. * * a man who was * * * * * *. It had * * the lung and * * entered the alimentary * * * by the rectum * days after the injury. * the fact of a * entering the abdominal wall * * passed from the rectum. Day and * * *. * * of the lodgment of a bullet, and *, after a period of seven * * *, * * *, * * * and death.
Wounds of the liver often * * *, and there are many cases on record in which such * have been followed *, even when associated with * * *. In the older *, * * * * * * wounds of the liver. * * a case * * *, in which a piece of liver * in the wound, having been separated by a * is a remarkable example of recovery * * *, * by a *. This man * *, * penetrated the abdomen, the liver, colon, and the * injured; by frequent *, * *, *, * * * health and *, * * * * a half *, * * * *, * * * for a * to learn the extent of the *. *, *, *, * *, * * * * wounds of the liver. * * * * * instances in which * the liver * * * * *. * * * of the liver occurring in a * * * * * * by a *. A portion of the liver *, and a piece * * * * * *.
* * a case of * of the liver after a *. * * * * * * * * * with a single *. The patient * * on the sixth day and * *. * * * * * of the liver. While in a * * * * * *, after a sudden * of the *, a young * * * on the sharp point of a *, * * *. About one inch of the * * * * below the tip of the * *; * * * * *. It was found that the * penetrated the right lobe of the liver; * passing the * along the inferior surface of the liver, the point * * * through its posterior *. * * * * * on the *, it was necessary to push * further in to * * *, after which it * *. * followed, and the patient was * * *.
* discusses the subject of * wounds of the liver, as a special text using the case of the late * *. * that in cases of * of the liver * *, were caused by cutting * * *. * *, * * *. The chief causes of * hemorrhage and peritonitis. The principal symptoms of * the liver, such as * *, *, * * *, nausea, vomiting, and respiratory * * present in the case of * *. * * * in the case of the *, * * * * in all * wounds of *. * * * cases of wound of the liver in * *. The hemorrhage in one case was * * *, and in the other by the * *.
* describes a man * * who was * by a * over the liver and rupturing * *. A large quantity of * * * off from the liver, and the * *. * a case of rupture of liver and kidney in a boy * who was * between the * * * chain of *, but who * * * * *. * * after an extensive * * * *, liver, and lung. * * * instance of * of the right *, with penetration * * the liver. The patient, a boy of seven, * * of a small part of the * *. * * * the liver to the extent of three *, * * * *, * * * recovery in *.
There are several cases of wound of the liver followed by * reported by surgeons of the United States * * a man * * who on * * in the liver by a * from a *. At the time of * * * * from the wound of entrance * * blood and bile * * the next *, * * *, but the flow of bile * on. By * * * * *, but the wound *, bile, and serum. When the patient left the * * 15th the wound * *, * less than * during the * hours, of a mixture of free * * mixed with thick *. * * * *, * patient was * * * * * * * * * * * * *, *, * * after a gunshot wound of the liver. * the case of a private * * who was * * * * *, *, by a * *, * * the liver. The * * * out the same day. The * and was returned to * in May, * * * in the Sixth *, * *, * * * gunshot wound of the abdomen, penetrating the right * the liver and the *.
Resection of the * is remarkable to what * portions of the liver may be resected by the *, cautery, or * the patient *. * records a case in which * * the greater portion of the left lobe of * * *. The lobe had been extensively * * *, and caused * *. There was *, but the vessels * *, and the * * * *. *, in The *, records a case * of an enlarged liver from * *. * * instance in which a portion of the liver was * * * *. * * * removed in *, and the * portion of the liver * off with * * was completed at the end of six weeks, and *, a woman * *, * an excellent * * those cases in which portions of the * * * from the general body of the organ * * by a pedicle, give rise to * * * *. * records such a case in a woman * * * * children. A piece of liver * * *, and with it the *, and the patient * * *. * * a case in which it * necessary to remove the left lobe of the liver. An * been made to remove a * the size of a * * the base with an elastic *. * * * failure, and cure * * * * * * and the *. The growth was * *, * * by the * and by *, * * *, and the patient *. * * * proved that the liver has * powers of * that in rabbits, *, * *, * * * * may be reproduced in from * * * * regeneration is brought about chiefly by hypertrophy of *. * * liver is a rare * in which the liver * an abdominal * that may be * about, and which * * as the patient * * *. * * arises from a * abdominal wall * *. The accompanying * exhibits a * verified by postmortem examination.
Hypertrophy of the * average weight of the normal liver is from * *, but as noted by *, it may become * as to weigh as much as *. * * * * *; and in his "Medical and *" * * of a liver * *, * * *, * * instance in * * * *, and in his *" * * * instance. In * * * describes a * *; * instances of enlarged liver are * to be * *.
Rupture of the *, * * followed by death, is not always fatal. In such cases bile is usually * the abdominal cavity. * * a case in which, * *, the patient was considered * * * about, when, on the seventh *, * * * * fatal in two days. * cases of * have been reported as treated successfully by * * *) or by * *. In these * quantities of bile * into the abdominal * does not necessarily *. * * * of the distention of the *- * from obstruction * common or cystic duct and for the removal of * * performed in * * * *, but it is * *, * * * of the operation is due. * * * * * *, * * it is * * *. * * cases with *. *, * excision of the * * * * * * * *, and is * cases in which * * * *. * show only * deaths in *.
* *. * Hospital, in *, is a * specimen of a * * * formed the contents of a * * *, near the fundus, shows a * caused by * *. It was taken from a woman * * * * into the hospital with a * * * * * opened and its contents * *. * * * a few days * peritonitis. The * was found * the femoral ring, and showed a marked constriction. * * * * * *, elongated and * * * *. There was no evidence that any * * or other * * * * * * * *. * The fatality of rupture of the spleen is quite *. Out of cases of injury to this organ collected by *, * * *, * *; but the mortality is less * * * wounds of this organ, the same * * out of cases. In his *" * that at the battle * * one of * * * * * * * on the field, * in his * * * out of his body in a * *. * * he was carried to the surgeons * * * *, * * the spleen; the * * * * able to do *. In the * * * * report of a man who was * in the spleen by a *. * found the spleen * from the * * *. * * in ten days and the *.
* * * * of the spleen in a * * *. The spleen *, and the * * * by a * *, * of the organ * * * *. * * * * * * * *, * *, during which the spleen * * * *, this organ produced a * in the * * * to be a *. * * *, * * end of a week the * *; it was * found that * had been * * * on its axis, and * * *; it had become enlarged; the * * * of the blood. * * of a rupture of the * * *. There was no history of a *, or other *. * describes a case of rupture * spleen in a woman who, in attempting to avoid * *, * on the edge of the table. There were no * * *, but she * the third day *. * was found full of blood, and the spleen and * * * for three *.
*, excision of the spleen, has been * a number of times, with varying *, but is more * * * injury than * for disease. * * a total of *, having been * *, and all but * * * *; of 82
operations for disease, only *. * has collected
117 cases of splenectomy, with a * * per cent. *, from these cases we * those suffering * * * spleen, in which the * not be performed, the mortality in the remaining * reduced to per cent. * * of splenectomy * * twisting of the pedicle, and such is * * * *, who has found records of only * * * * a successful case of splenectomy * *, and in reviewing the subject * says that the records * past decade * operations for * *, *, * * * * *. * * * * in cases of * * * * * * * *. * * * * * cases of splenectomy * * *, both of * *. * gives a table of * * *, in which there were * cases of * spleen, with *; * cases of simple hypertrophy, with three *; 12
cases of * spleen, with three *; * * * * *, with two deaths. In his * * it was proved by *, and in his * *, * *, that an individual could * without a * these observations were * * of what had * known, for, in * * * a spleen * * * *. * * * cases in which he * the spleen for various * conditions, with * issue in all but one. In one case * * * artery. In The * there is an account of three * of the spleen * injury at *. * * *, and it is added that they are among the first of * in Great *.
Abnormalities of Size of the * spleen may be extremely small. * * a spleen * * * * * * of one in the last century that * as much as
20 *. * describes a spleen * * *; * * record of one * *. * * * * *; * *, *; *, *; *, * *; *, *; * *; * *, *.
The thoracic duct, * so much protected by its * *, * * * has been * *. * has collected cases of this *, * * were due to contusions of the chest, * each to *, a cut, and a *, and three to erosion *. In the remaining cases the account fails to assign * *. *, * * ascites, is generally * of this *. * * a patient who was * by an * * *, and who died on the fifth * * due to an * into the right pleural cavity. * * it was found that the * * * thoracic duct * * * * the 9th *, * had been * *. In one * cases a * * * had been * * * *, * the front of her * in front of the *. * suffered from pleural effusion, *, * * to be *. * ultimately recovered * health. In * reported a case of rupture of the thoracic duct, * on the * day. The young man had been * * * * and an engine, and no bones * *.
* * a case of rupture of the thoracic duct in a man * *, who was * by the pole of a * *; * * * on his back, the * * * * *. There was * * * * in the right *, caused by the presence of a fluid, which * * * * * *. * five to * a day of this * * *, until the tenth * * * * opened and *. On the * * * * * and the * left the hospital * * *.
* * * * instances of * injury to the thoracic duct, * * * at the base of the left * the neck; the wounding was in the course of * * * in this region. Three of the cases * * * * from the injury to the *. * *; but the fatal * was not * with the wound of the duct.
Possibly the * * in the history of surgery is that for ligation of the abdominal aorta * * *. * * * * * * * * and has * * several times with a uniformly fatal *, * * * until the tenth day, and there is * in which * of the abdominal aorta did not * until the eleventh *. * * * * * operating on * for the relief of a * * suffering from an abdominal aneurysm caused by a *. * was made from the * cartilage to the * * *, and its * * up with two * * *. * days after no evidence of * in the sac, and three months later the * * * able to * * *.
Ligation of the common iliac artery, which, in a case of * *, was first * * * * * in 1812,
is, *, not always fatal. * * collected by * * *.
Foreign bodies * in the abdominal cavity are sometimes * at stool, or may * *. * * * a history of a person * with a * * *, the point * off. The * * one year * * and was * at stool. * * * * which a * * * * * months in * *. * gives a case of a * * * cavity, and ten years * * * * * in the abdominal wall. * * of a man who * when a boy; at the time of the * the boy had a * in his *. It was not until adult life * * * of the groin * * * * * * that had been * into the abdomen *. * * of the removal of a * * * by an * * * *, at a point * from the umbilicus to the anterior * * * * *.
There are several * on record of tolerance of foreign bodies in the skin and muscles of the back for an *. * * of a * case in which the point of * remained in the back of an individual for *. * reported to * * * the history of a *, * * *, received a * in the back * * * * on a * * * There was * * *, and in about a month the wound * * *. * man suffered * * * * * as a *, * * into the * *. * *, * * * in the lumbar *. He was * to an * * * of this region * *, and an * * * under the * * *. * * * * it, and a * * of a * * from near the * * *. * * * * * for thirty years. The wound * in a few days * was no more *.
Fracture of the lower part of the spine is not always fatal, and * * * that a * * * *, patients with * cases of * have recovered. * records the case of a woman * *, * * * *, made a * * *, the basket of wet * * * *, chest, and neck. There was fracture of the 4th * at the transverse processes. By * * * it could be * * * *, with the * * * *. The clavicle * * * * * * *, and the * * * * * * the muscles of the neck. The arm and hand * * * * * * *. There was at first a * * due to the * of several *. There was * * * * about the neck *. * complicated with tertiary syphilis, * * a fair recovery, and * weeks later * * * * *. * similar and * * * * * are on record.
The results * following the * * * * fracture of the vertebrae are often *. One of the * on record is that reported by *. The patient * * man who lived in *, *, and was * * * * * * *, *, *, * 1889,
suffering from a partial dislocation of the 9th * * report is as * had been a * in the * while working * * * by a fall * *, and from this date to that of his * had been * care of a local * without any sign of *. * time of his * * * * *, * * to the injury * * * * * * in the lower extremities, with the exception of * * in the * of the left *; * * * up to the hips, * which it was *; * * retention of urine, with a severe *. * * * *, * * *, and there was *, * * *. * * varied from
99 * * * in the *, and from * * * in the *. The time * * * * * * * attempt at *, and his * would not * a more * *.
"He was * on light, * *, iron and * were given *, * * * applied to the * every other day; the cystitis was treated * the bladder each day * * *. * * appetite and general * * * *, * * * * * *, * * * * or less * *, * * as high as * *. The cystitis * * *, and he was * some effort, to pass * * without the aid of *. * in both * * * * he was able to slightly move the * of the right foot. * * *, an operation was proposed as the only * further and permanent *, and to this * *, and, accordingly, on the 25th * *, * * * * *.
"The cord was found to be compressed and greatly *, but there was no evidence of *. * * * * of the 8th and * * * * * *, * * * on the cord; the wound * * *, and a * * *, a hole * * over the wound for the purpose of changing the * *. * * * * * perfect, and for the * the patient remained in * *, * * sign of * as to sensation and *. * * he was able to slightly * * legs, and had * * *; from this time on his * *; * * * * *, * * * *; and in * * * * * * * * * about the * in a * *, * * * able to get * * * *. * * * *, and when * * * six months later * very well and without *; * * * *, * * * * * than from *. At present * * *, and drives * * * for a * very little loss of motion in his lower extremities."
* few cases * * * * as this *, * prove that the results of this operation * * *. * * statistics of * * * for relief of injuries * * *. * * * what is possibly the * collection of cases of spinal *, * * operations for both disease and injury. * * cases of recent date; and * * *, * * *. * * * to the * * * is shown in the results of * * * * * * a mortality of *; * * * * are distributed as *, *; * *, *; *, *; * *. Of those cases * * * * *, the mortality was per cent; * * * as follows: *, *; * *, *, The mortality in * *, which were * * * *, * per cent. Of *, there were * * *, * * * * * *. * * cases of * and injury, in which * was performed. * * * * * * Of the cases there were
15 deaths (a mortality of per cent), * *, and five * in which the ultimate * * * *. It must be mentioned that several of the * * * those of cervical *, which is by * * * *.
Injury to the spinal cord does not necessarily * * *. * * *, both of *, * * of recovery after penetrating * of the *. * * * cases of gunshot wound in which * * in the vertebral canal, two of the *. * * * * on the division of the * * * *.
* * * gunshot wound of the spinal cord, the patient * * days; after * * * was found in the *. * * of a * * * who was * the back with a *. * * entered the body of the * *, and was * * * that the * * * entirely clear of the * by the * *. * * *.
Although the word * can be construed to mean the protrusion of any * from its natural * through normal * * in the surrounding structures, the * of the word is protrusion of the abdominal * * * is commonly * of as * may be congenital or acquired, or may be single * many as * having been seen in one * * * of cases of rupture suffer from * In the * form of inguinal hernia * * * along the inguinal canal to the outer * * * artery, and enter the scrotum in the male, and * * in the female. In this form of * the size * sac is sometimes *, the accompanying * extreme cases of both * * * * * may be * * * *: *, * *. * * * * * in children, and is brought about by the failure * * * to close. * of large size it may * only the intestines, but various other organs, such as *, *, *. In some * all the abdominal * contained in the *. * * * *, and appears after the separation of the umbilical * is caused by the * of the * in this * * reaches a large size, and shows a tendency * *. * * * * * *. It is most commonly seen in persons with *, and is sometimes of enormous size, in addition to * abdominal contents, * even the stomach *. A few years since there was a man * * * age, the victim of adult * * * * * * he had to support it with his arms and * * said that this * did not * * * * as a * in the late *.
* * the case of an * * * * * applied to know if she * *. * history of a * * *. * * *, but there was found a * of the abdominal viscera through an opening * * entire length of the * *, and which was * * in the middle of the abdomen.
* * * * * * * who, on * was delivered * of her first child, and who died in bed * *. * * The postmortem showed a tumor * * cartilage to the * *, * * *, * * *, small intestines, and colon. * upon the abdominal muscles of the right side. The * * * placed and there was no * * *.
* * a case remarkable for the * size of the rupture * * from a * weakened by a * * was a partial absence of the peritoneal sac, and * * * to a * * *. * had a transverse diameter of *, * * diameter of *. The opening was in * * outside of the internal * *. * of the intestines * * * * * of the *.
* * a case of * * *. The patient was a * * *, a native * *. * * * good, and she had never * * *. * * of the tumor, which for * years had * * pain, and had * increased in * as follows: * at the base, * at the extremity, *; * * from abdominal wall, *. * * * * tumor protruding from the abdominal wall at *. The veins * it were prominent and * circulation of the skin was *, giving it a *. * contractions of the small intestines * seen at the distance of ten *. The tumor was * * to the touch, and could only * * * could be easily heard. On * * * * * * *, * * at the base. The * * a portion of the small intestine * * *, * * considered the most frequent *. * * * *. * believed that * was caused by the * of the abdominal * * *, * * that the * came from an * the umbilicus and not through it, in this manner * * * *.
A peculiar form of * * spontaneous rupture of the abdominal *, which, however, is very rare. There is an account of * case in a woman * * living in *, *, * * *, had a spontaneous rupture of the *. * * * * in length and extended along the * * * * * a mass of omentum about the size of * *. It was * treated and the *. * * a case of spontaneous rupture of * *, following a * * coughing. The skin was * a large * of ileum *, * * * * exposure of the bowel it was replaced, the * *, and the patient *.
* * *.
* ANOMALIES OF THE * *.
Wounds of the kidney may be very severe without causing death, and even one * kidney may be lost * * * functions of life. *, * * of an *, * the case of a young * woman who had * * in the right * * by a * * *" * * which has only one * *. * * * the right * * *, * between the lips of the wound, * * *. * * * * around the base * organ, and after some weeks the mass *. * * * good health the whole time, and her * * *. * * * in two months *. * * the case of a * who was * * * by a *, * * months later died of * * * traces of a line of rupture * substance of the gland; the preparation * deposited in * * * * *. The case is * * * man, with granular degeneration of the kidney, * * * a lesion, and, moreover, that he * * health for over a year with his * in a state * *. * * * * * * * * by a * on the left side under the *, * * penetrating the pelvis and * * * was no hemorrhage from the external *, * pain in * cord or *. * * treatment the *. * * a case of recovery from * of the kidney by a * * penetrated the tubular * substance, and entered the pelvis of the organ. The * * in the absence of two *, *, the escape * from the wound, and retraction of the *. * * the case of a * in the * * * * * the bullet * * * and kidney. * there was injury to both these *, there was no impairment of the * health, and *.
* * * cases of wound of the kidney, with *. All of these cases were probably * * *. * found a * anomaly in a * on the * a boy * *, who had died after a fall from some * was a compound, * rupture of the left * * twice as large as usual, the ureter also being * *. * * showed that the right * *, and had no vein or *.
* * a case of * *, caused by a fall of seven *, * * * after appropriate * * a case of serious injury to the kidney, * recovery in * weeks. The patient * *, * * * and old iron, and received a * * * over the right * *, through which the lower * * * * *; a piece of the kidney was lost. * * * because of the * amount of hemorrhage.
* is an operation in which a * * * kidney is fixed by * through its *, * * * *, and then through the adjacent * and muscles. The ultimate results of this operation * * *.
* is an operation for the removal of stone from the kidney. * * may be a very difficult *, owing to * and thickening of all the perinephric tissues, or * small size or remote location of the stone.
There was a recent * * *, in which were shown the results of a number of recent operations on the kidney. * * of a * that had been removed * account of * * from a young man of nineteen, * * of the tumor for six months; there was a good *, * * * * well in * * *. * was a right * removed at *. *. It was * dilated, and only a small amount of * *. * * * the ureter * *. The patient was a woman * *, and made * recovery. From the * Hospital was a * * uric acid * which was * * a man * *. From the Cancer * * * * * * * had been removed from a man and * *, both of whom made a good recovery. From * * Hospital there was a kidney with its * * occupied by a large calculus, and * * *, which was removed from a man * * *. These are only a few of the examples of this * *. * * of the kidney are * * *.
Rupture of the ureter is a very rare *. * has collected * histories of four *, one of which * in recovery * * * *, at intervals, of about two * * * urine. The other cases * * * the first, fourth, and * * * * * not present in any of the cases, * * * * into the cellular * the peritoneum.
There are a few * cases of * wounds of the ureters. The only * * case in which the * was divided is the * injury of the * *, who was * during the Revolution * by a * the upper part of the lumbar * close to the * * were made to extract the *, and as * no urine in the bladder, but a quantity * * *, a diagnosis of * * was made. The * * * hours, and the autopsy showed that the * * the transverse process of the * * *, * the cauda equina just below its *; it had * direction and * * toward the left kidney, * * near the pelvis, and finally * in the *.
* * * that the ureter is * in the removal of uterine, *, or other * tumors. In such *, * is impossible to transplant to the bladder, * * * * should be brought to the surface of the * * * * *. In cases of malignant growth, the ureter * * * * transplanted into the *, * * *, * * this operation * of an inch of the left ureter * *. The distal end of the ureter * *, * * * * in the bladder according to * *, which consists * * the lowered end of the * making a slit * it, and * the upper end * * through this *. A perfect * *. * have been reported by *, *, * * *. * a most interesting * in which he has * * into the rectum.
* * * * * of the uterus, opening of * abscesses, or * * *, * repaired by an operation * * * * *, and suggested by him as a * * in those cases in which the renal * *. In the repair of such a case after a * * * a successful * * * into the bladder.
* of the ureter is also a very rare * except as a result of compression of abdominal or pelvic * * *, *, * * cases of stricture, in both * a ureter was nearly or quite obliterated by a dense * * tissue. In one case there was a history of the * a renal * * previously. In both instances * was associated with *. * * * reports of four other cases from medical literature.
A remarkable * * developed by *, * * * * *, * * * of the ureters. * records a case of * the ureter by the * use of a *.
* of the * of the bladder may result from * without any external * (such as a fall * * to the abdomen. * * a fatal case of rupture * * by a * * on its *. In this case * but little extravasation of urine, as the * * closed by omentum and bowel. * * * * * of the bladder * * *. * * * of a case in which the bladder * * *: * time by an injury, and the second time by the * * * *. The patient was a man * * who received * in the abdomen during a * in a public * * * At the hospital * condition was diagnosed and *, but he * * and left the * He was * * * * * later, with symptoms of rupture of the bladder, and died * 6th. The postmortem showed a * of the bladder * * * and caused the * *.
Rupture of the bladder is only likely to happen when the organ is distended, as when * * * behind the pubic arch and * protected from external injury. The rupture * * the posterior wall, involving the peritoneal * * * of urine into the peritoneal cavity, * * is almost inevitably * * an operation is * * the data of such cases, * *. When the * is confined to the anterior wall of * the urine escapes into the pelvic tissues, and * is much more favorable. * * *, * *. * * is performed * bladder, in a manner suggested by the * *, * is much less. * * the reports of 28
cases * *, * of which * mortality of 64.2
per cent. * * that he has * * * of the anterior wall of the bladder caused by * * *, in the case of retention of urine due to * of a tight * *.
There are a few cases on record in which the bladder has been * * * from the accumulation of urine, * * is a rare one, the urethra * * * * * * cases of * rupture of the * * case was a history of injury *. * * was a *; the second had been * * * * to the hospital, with symptoms of *. The diagnosis was not made. The first * * * days and the second in two days after the onset of *. At the * * * was found to be in * in the posterior wall of the bladder a short * the fundus; the peritoneum was not inflamed, and there * no inflammatory reaction in the * *. * statistics of * * * it seems that rupture * bladder is more common in * persons than * fact that is probably explained by a tendency * of the bladder * * * *. * * * increases the amount of urine, and * * * * makes the * to empty * * *. * * person is also * *, and is not so likely to protect * * * * * *. * * Wounds of the * relates the remarkable recovery of a private in the 17th * * who was * the pelvis at the battle * * * * * *, * * * * * * on the field, but * picked up, and before receiving any * * *, * * * in the midst of * and in * * *. * urine and * * * * * for several weeks and several pieces of * *. The two * * *, but for * * * pieces of bone by the natural *.
* records the case of a private in the Fifth * * who was * in the right * *, the bullet * bladder and making * * through the *. * * *, during which the urine passed through the wound. * * * through the left * *, * * * * * for two years *; * *.
* relates the history of the case of a * * who was * * * in the median line of *, * above the *, the wound * * * the median line at the back, * * *. * from both wounds and through the urethra. There were * symptoms, and the * * in four *.
The bladder is not always injured by penetration of the abdominal wall, but may be * by penetration through the anus *, or even by an * entering the * * through the smaller * *. * * case of a * * * from a mast * * * * of wood, one of which entered the anus and * *, the result being a * *. * * later the * * *, * * * extract the piece of wood; but by * * * * * that two * * * about the wooden *, * these were extracted the patient *. * * * of a man * * *, * * *, * * * * *; one of the * * *. * * * followed by a * of urine, and * days the man suffered from incontinence of urine *. By the tenth * he was * * from the * on the * day there was a complete * * *; * days later * suffered from an attack of * * * * *; this was * * * * of a small piece of * * * * into the bladder at the time of the *. * * case of a young man who, in * over a *, * * it, the * entering the anus without causing * *, * penetrating the bladder, * * * of urine through the anus. A peculiar * was that * suffered from a *, the nucleus of which was a piece * * of his * which the * * carried in.
* * a fatal case of * of the *, in which the * passed through the lesser * * * the bladder close to the *. The patient was a * *, * *, and in a * had been * * * with a long * *, with resultant * * * * *. At the autopsy it was * * * * passed through the gluteal muscles and * of the great * *. * * * * * * *, * dividing the * and nerve, and one *, each end * closed by a * * entered the bladder close to the *, * * large enough to * the index *. * * * of peritonitis and *.
* * * * difficulty in * * * persons who had received * * * *. * * * an ingenious * of an * * succeeded in * an arrow * * * * *, by placing the subject in the * in which he was at the time of * of the * * * * shows that the bladder may * by an arrow * * entering the * * * * *. * describes the removal of a *, the nucleus of which was an iron *, *: *, * * *, * of the *, *, applied to me * * *, * *, *, with symptoms of stone in the bladder. * * * *: In the * * * * a band of * * * *, and was * in a * * *, *. * mounted and * * * *, *, * * and within a few *, * an arrow * * * *. * * was withdrawn by his *, * * * remained in his *. * * * * after the injury, but the wound * *, and in * * he was able to * * * * * more than six years * * at the head of his *, * * *, * * * *, over hundreds of * *. A long time after the injury * began to * * *, * * * * * * to reveal * * * (as it is regarded by *, and to apply for medical *. * * * * * *, at which * he had * to obtain * * * *, or lying in different *. * * loaded with blood and mucus and with a few * *, * introduction of a * * a large, hard * * *. * * * * approximately of the depth * * * * * and the direction it took, * from the situation of the * and all * it was apparent that the * * * * * muscles and the * * * * cavity of the bladder, where it * and formed * of a *. Stone in the bladder is extremely rare * * *, *, no doubt, to their * * * and the very * condition of their * * this fact, in connection with the age of the patient and * condition of his *, * very far * * *. * * * * * the stone * by the lateral * through the *. * of the prostate * *, * seemed to favor * of the * beyond what would otherwise * *. * * * * and the * of the * *. * * of the * * * *, * * * * * completely covered * * * * of the stone. It was of iron, and had been * * *, * * at its * *, * at the point and * by oxidation. The removal of * * facilitated by the use of two pairs of * * *, by which * succeeded in * the small * the stone to the opening in the prostate, while the * and narrow, * * * * until the former *. In this way the forceps did not occupy a part of * while the large end of the stone * passing through * capacity of the bladder was reduced, and its * * * a state of chronic inflammation. The patient * * the effects of the * and felt * *, * * * *, after the *, and up to the eighth * * present a single * *. The urine began to * the natural * by the third day, and continued * * *, on the seventh *, it had * ceased to flow * *. But the * * of the * * * longer be *. * * with the * * to begin at every *, and they * * *. * * * * on the eighth *, * * to allow * to take. * * * * * case, and the following * * * * to their * * *. * days after he is reported to have * * * relatives have * * me that his * well and that no trouble arose from it. * * * as those of * * *, a severe * which was * at the time, and from which * * and many * died in that *" * * * in the * * * * *, * * in the accompanying photograph, showing * of the * with the * in situ.
* * * *, * * * * * cases in which men have been * through the * of the *, * * the abdomen above the * of the *, * the bladder, and the men have * * * *, *, *, taken in by the *. * * the bullet itself may remain in the bladder and cause * of a * * itself as a nucleus, as in * * * * * *, or the remnants of * spicules of bone may give rise to * *. * the case of a man * * who was * * * * *, * * * * * * * * of the left pubic bone, about an * * *, passed through the bladder and rectum, and came * below the right * *, near the *. * * the battle * * * sent to the general * *, *, * * * * treatment for four * the first * * * * through the * by the entrance * * of the *, and was * with pus and blood. * * was frequently * the posterior *. Some time during the third week * * small pieces of bone by the rectum. At the end * * week the wound * * *, and for the first * * * * * * through the urethra. * of entrance * * * * *, * * in a few weeks and continued, at varying * * and open * *, At this * * * *, it was found that he had *; * * * * *, and was found to weigh *, * for its nucleus a piece of bone * *. * * * * * *, in which * * * formed by * about an *.
In cases in which there is a * of the bladder the subject may live for some time, in some cases * * * urethra, in others, * by the anus. These cases * * been of particular interest to the older *, * * the literature of the last * full of *, *, * *, *, *, and others speak of * passing through *; and there are many cases of vaginal * *. * * instance in which the intestine * * *. * * * * * of the anus * * * from the vulva. *, *, *, * * *, *, *, * * * instances in which * * * by the * *. * records such a case * ulcer of * * * *; *, * * * of the rectum; * *, * * of the rectum; and *, * * of the * bladder in which a cure * effected by the continued use * * for the evacuation of urine.
* through the vagina, vulva, and from the uterus is * * *, * *, *, *, *, *, and many others in the *. * * * * * *, * *, who had an imperforate anus and urethra, but who * and urine * through an opening at the base * glans penis. * * * * * on this case. * * has many *.
In the older literature it was not uncommon to find accounts of persons * * from the bladder, * * * to account for their presence in this organ. Some of * * * instances of *, *, * * * * *, * * * * * *, * drinking water * *, a person * in the urine. In the old * * * * * * account of a man * * * * good health, * * * * * from the bladder. They * as being about * long, and caused *. There is also * the case of a woman * * from the bladder. * describes a * * * * * * * * of a severe, * * * * * * *. * * * neck of the bladder * *, and the usual * *, but without *. An examination of the urine *. * * of her friends the patient, * * *, * * * * * * *. * * * * freely, and * that she had * * about ten * long and of the size of a * * * like those of a *, and was * * * * * days in water. The case * *, but there is, of course, * possibility that * had already been in the chamber, or that it was * * *. * * or vesical * could account * presence of this * * * * * from the * * * * to her statement that she * * *, and, as * *, * of pain * passing the animal.
Foreign bodies in the bladder, other than * (which will be * of in * *, * gain entrance through one * * *, as a rule * *, * * or for * *, through the * * * instance in which a long * * * into the bladder through the urethra by a man. * * *, *, * * *, * *, a long * * * had been used in * * examination in this case was negative, and * * * *, but the * *, and the * was found * up and covered by * folds of the bladder. It is not uncommon for *, and the like to form * * *. * * * * of a * in the center of * * taken from the bladder of a man * * * * * that the patient had * * with the tail of this *. * * * of a man * * * * * * * * * * for a * * *. * * the bladder and there formed the nucleus of a *. * * a similar * from the * the stem of a plant. * describes the case of a man * * * * * * * *. * * * days in this canal, and then passed into *. On the * * he had a *, and during * * * attempts to break the *. * * he had a * * and intense * *. * * * * * * * * * * * * were present, and * * * *, and fifty days after the introduction of *, the patient *. * * a man * * * * * * * *, * * * * * *. * * about four years in this * * * *. Perforation of the * *, and the patient *. * * the case of * * *, * * bladder a * * * off. The * piece of *, * * * *, * * exit from the anus, and the *. * * the case of a man * * * * * * * *, * * * * * *. * *, which was * *, * * in length and * in diameter.
* *, * * are short and *, foreign bodies are often found in the bladder, and it is quite common * * of the *, such as *, * * into the bladder, and there * *. * a case in which a foreign body introduced into * * mistaken for pregnancy, and giving rise * symptoms. The patient was a young * * * * several times * * *, and who * *. The abdomen was more * than usual * young woman. The breasts * *, and the * by a * *. At certain * * * * *, she had incontinence of urine, and * * *. The urine * of high * *, *, * * * * *. * * the signs of pregnancy already noted, * * did not show any * in the size of *, but the introduction of a * into the * the existence of a large *. * * * and its nucleus * *, * proved to be * of a *, the exact size of which is * the accompanying *. * * * * * deposits, and was * fixed in the bladder. * the young woman * * * explanation for its * * * that she had several times * * for relief * retention of urine, and one day * * into the bladder. A short time after the * * for the first time in seven months, and * *. * * the case of a woman * * * and common * * * * * * * after an attempt at dilatation of * in the relief of an obstinate case of *. * the case of a woman who had * * * * * *. It was removed by an * into this *, * * died in five days of septicemia. There is a * * of a young * * * who was first * * pain in the sides of the genital *, * urine, and * *. * * examined by a * * nothing, but on the following day the patient * * to go to *. * * * *, * the bladder * * *. The patient had * to the loss of a *, * * * with the beginning of her *. * the orifice of the urethra to be swollen and painful * *, and from its * * * cm. long *. The patient was unable to *, and it * * resort to *. * * * * * *, and the next day the patient * *.
There are peculiar cases of hair in the bladder, in which all history as to the method of entrance * *, and which * the only * the possibility that the bladder * * with some dermoid cyst. * * a case * *. It is said that all his life * * * * by passing * * *. They would * * * and cause * *. * his death a * * from the bladder, covered with * and hair. * * case of a woman * *, * * *, * * the urethra, * * a bundle of * * * *, * *, without a * * * from the *.
Retention of Foreign Bodies in the * is a peculiar fact that foreign bodies * * gain entrance to the pelvis may * in this location for many years. * describes a * * * injury from a piece of white * * * pelvis, and remained in position * * and a *; at this time a piece of wood * * * at stool, and the patient *. * * * * in which * of wood were retained in the * the rectum and vagina * * years, and *. * * a case in which a * * that had been passed into the vagina for the purpose * * * impacted in the pelvis * *, and was then removed.
Rupture of the Male * * urethra is occasionally * * * *. * and the * are among the older * * *. * * case there was hemorrhage from the penis * extent of five *. * * a man * * to obesity, and who had been * two months, * * * * * he had * * * * * * the pubic bone, and added that he had a pain that * * * * * in his organ. The * * * * * and swollen and were extremely painful. * had to be drawn by a *, and by the fifth * * * * * that an * was made into the * *, *, urine, and air issued. The patient * *, * * * *, and he * * revealed the presence of a *.
* * * instance of * * * * by a man * *, with rupture of the urethra and fracture of * * *. * * * rupture of the * * *. * * * * * * from a fall while the penis * *. It is * to find * * * *, * * are given for it in the standard * *.
Fracture of the * * * to the penis is *, which sometimes occurs in *. * * in the * of the * *, * * extravasation of blood into the * tissue. It * * * * * * * * * * when the organ * *. * * * * * is the tendency to * * * is sometimes * * as to interfere with *, * render the patient * *.
There is an account of a * * * who, in attempting to * with his * *, * * * * force and * * * * * a case of fracture of the * * * *. During the act the female * * the male, *, * * * *, * * *. * *. * * * * * * from a man * *, in whom * * * infiltrated with * * * * * *. When the penis * * it was * in the form * * *.
The Transactions of the * * * * contain an account of a * * * who had * * gonorrhea and who had been treated for * * *. The penis * * * * * * *, and but little less near the scrotum. The glans * * *, and numerous * * on the * of the urethra, * * * *. * * the weight and hypertrophy that * * * * * of six * existing in one * * *; * of seven; * * *; * * * * * * * * *; * * * * * with four.
* Injuries to the * * * * * case of * caused by * * * * who had an extremely * *. * * * of a * man who * with a vigorous *, * * *, * * * *. * * *, * * and underlying sheets and * * *. * examination the penis was found * * * back the * a small jet of blood * a small rupture in the *. The authors have * * case in which hemorrhage from the * * *. *, in a * *, attempted to * * * piece of *, * * to death * * * * *. It sometimes * that the * * * by an animal *. * * * * of the penis by a *. * describes a boy * who was * * * * * made a * *, * * * by the * and including * in one of the folds. By the * of the bite * * * to the ground, and his * * * * * the root as if it had been done by a *. There was *, and the prepuce was found in the *, * like the finger of a *. * stated that this * * case of the kind of which he had *. * a case in which an * * * by the * * * *, and the two * * * * *.
Amputation of the penis is not always followed by loss of the * power and *, but sometimes has the mental * * increasing the *. * * the case of * * * on the * * of a *, * * with great * upon a large * used to *, * * * *, * * * * the abdomen through which the intestines *. * there was a distinct increase of sexual * * * *. In the same report * * the history of a man who had * * * * had supplied himself with an * *. * * * * * that it was necessary to exclude * * *, of which he was an *.
* * * account of a private who received a gunshot wound of the penis * it was * *. The wound was acquired * * * * *. * * * * * of the glans penis, and taking a slightly *, * * out of the right side of the penis * beyond the glans; * * entered the scrotum, and * the pelvis near the *, * * * * bone, and finally * * * * * * *. * * of this * * * *, and inability to assume the * *.
* * the case of six * from one * * *. The bullet entered the sole * emerged from the * the foot. * * * through the right * and came * the groin, only to penetrate the dorsum of the penis * at the upper part of the glans. * * of a case * a man * * * caught in *, * * * * organs. The * were found to *, but the penis * * out of * and embedded * *, * * it was restored to its natural * * * *.
* describes a case of * of the penis in a * of six * * from a *. * found the missing * * *, where it had been * * *. * * * * * for tying * * * * tube, and conducting the * * * *, * * *, and by a * succeeded in replacing the organ.
* describes the case of a * * * who was * in a * *, a wheel * * * * to the abdomen. The glans penis could not be * the penis * * had been * from its * * *, and had * * * * into the inguinal * * * * *, which was that of a boy * and a half years who was * by a * in the * *. * * was found * of the penis, * * * into the *.
* * a case of spontaneous retraction of the penis in a man * *. While in bed * * * * * * the penis, and on * * found the organ * *) * * * *. * * a physician, who found that the penis had, in * *, the glans * * * * * arch, and the skin * *. The next day the * was restored, but the patient was weak and nervous * days after his *. In a similar *, * *, the penis of a * * *, * * * *, and was only captured by repeated *. * * * * * treatment, and he * * * of his * member that, to be * * *, * * a string about it above the glans.
* of the penis and * * are grouped together and discussed in * *.
As a rule, * gangrene of the penis has its origin in some * *. * describes a man * * * * the victim of typhus fever, and * * * * *, * black and like the empty * of a *; in a few days * * *. * * a case of * the prepuce, * on the * day of the *, * * followed by gangrene of the penis. * * of the penis * *. * * * * as a cause. * * a fatal instance of * * *, caused by a * * * *. * case there was thrombosis of the pelvic *. * a man who, * years before, * * *' * * *, * * * * * *. At the age * he was confined to * by subacute *, * this period * * * * * * *. This is quite *, as gangrene is usually * *; it is more than likely that the gangrene of the * * * with that of the penis, but that the latter * * *. Possibly the prolonged exposure * * * * * * * * injury to * and nerves of the penis. There is a case * * which, in a man * *, gangrene of the * delirium tremens, and was attributed to * * *, * records a case of * * skin and body of the penis in a young man, and without * *. * * of regeneration of the penis * *.
Gangrene of the penis does not necessarily * the performance of * *. * * a man * * *, leaving only a * *. *, * * * later, and always lived in * with his *. * * of his death he was the father of a child, * * * * * * *, and at the time of * was daily * to be * *.
* relates the instance of a * * * *, * using a combination of * * to protect * * *, * * * *, and, in * * * * penis with the mixture. * * *, but under * * * *.
* is sometimes seen as a * symptom of lesion of the spinal cord. In such cases it is totally * * * sensation and is only found accompanied by *. It may occur spontaneously immediately after * the cord, and is then probably due to * * the portion of the cord below the lesion, which is deprived * * influence of the brain. * may also * at a later period, and is then due to * * * into the substance of the cord, * * * cause. It may also occur from simple * shown by a case reported by * * *. * * * * * to account for cases of * * * * * * *. There is an * of an * *" * * * * * * * * *. * * * * * * of this peculiar *. * * * * * at the *.
There are, however, in *, records of long * * in which either the cause is due to * of the * * or in which the cause is * unknown. There may or may not be * *. The older records contain instances of * * caused by the * * * * * records of prolonged * associated with * * * *. * * * of a * * who had a long attack of * * * * *. * refers to prolonged *, * that the majority of cases seem to be due to *.
* * a case in a man * * who had been * * years, and who * * contractions of * of the penis after an incomplete *. * * * * *, during which * * * * to the application of *, and other treatment; but on the * *, * use of * filled with * *, there was a * the urethra of a * *, similar in nature to that * *. There was * * relaxation of *. * all this time the * * very little, * *. * describes an * * * who received a * from a * * * * * in the posterior * * the parietal bone, and a few lines from the * * * did not make *, * * * * * * on the third day, but the * * the genitalia. * * on the *, at which time the patient * affected with a *, and was * * * * * * * *. * * * on the sixth day, and * * * obliged to * a female * *, but the * went into a * * * intervals of *. In this condition * * *; there was not the slightest * * * until a few * * his death. * * * of a * * *, * * *, * * * * * * with a * the 26th. At this time * * an unusually *, with intense * of the penis which, with * throughout the *. * * * * to, these symptoms *. * * * * * *, but the * * persistent, and when *, * * 10th, the penis * an acute angle with *, and he * * * * with the same *. * time of * * the penis * an angle of about * with the *, and this condition, * *, * *. On his return to * * * * *, * * * *.
* * an interesting paper * * which was * in The * * *. * * one patient * * * * * with a strong * * * be reduced by any *. * * * * * * *, and only when the subject was placed in the knee * *. Despite all treatment this condition * seven weeks. At this time the * * * * * * enlarged. The * * about a year after *, but a * * * *. *, * * theories of *, * * * reported, and *, that such cases * to leukemia. * believes that * is produced by * of blood into the *, which is * on its *. * * * * bleeding at the nose and rectum, * * * * healthy persons. * * * of the blood in leukemia as the cause of such * * that the circulation of the blood is retarded * smaller vessels, *, owing to the great increase in * of white *, thrombi are formed. * * conclude that the origin of this condition * * for in the * of the *. * all these theories, * states that in his * * was previously healthy and never had * * * in any part, and he * * * * *. He is * * suppose that * was due to the stimulation of the * * * either by anatomic change in the nerves * by pressure * them by * * *, * * of leukemia.
* * a most interesting case of prolonged * in an * * * *. When he was called to * * * * * * * * * with intense * * penis, and in a state of extreme * after an * * * * * *, during the whole * time the organ was in a state of * * *. The paroxysm * controlled by * * * * *. * hours later, after a * *, * * *, which was * relieved by *. During the day he had two other *, * * minutes; and another, * * * * *. Both these were controlled by * was no loss of *, * after the * * * * * * * from the *. * * *, simulating the * * *. * * * describe the * of the patient. * the history that the * * suffered from * * * * of the most * * having three in one *. During the day he would * * * *, unaccompanied by any * * * there would rarely be any *, but occasionally * * *. This state of * * * * up to the time * * *, *, * by pain * *, the patient had become *. After a course * treatment, in which *, *, * *, * * * *, * * *.
* * the case of an * * * *, without apparent cause, * affected with a painful priapism * * weeks, and did not * * * *. * a case of * in a * * * * to local inflammation about the muscles, * * of the penis. * * * * weeks, and * *. There was a similar case of * * for three weeks, and was associated with * * * * *.
* of the testicle and scrotum may be productive of most serious issue. It is a * * fact that a * of shock * * * of this portion of *. In fact, * states that the * * * is so well known in *, that there are cases * in which * * has been effected by *, * * * * * of their *. * * another case in which, in * an attempt *, * was caused in a similar manner. * * case of a young man who, * * to excess * *, was either *, * * * * * *. * * * * * that she * * * * it from its attachments, * *. The left * * * denuded, and * by the vas deferens and the spermatic *. * * hemorrhage, and the wound * * by granulation.
* of the male external genitalia is not always accompanied by serious consequences, and even in some cases the * * *. * described a case in occurring in * * * * * from a * under the wheels of *. He was first caught in the * * * *, * * * up until * * * *, * * * * * *. * * * * * *, * * * * * * to his *. * * was found that the injury * accompanied with *. The wound * from the superior part of * * to the anus; * canal of the urethra * * * the penis up to the neck of the bladder. There was no * either the right * * *. The left * * by its *, enveloped in its * *. * * swollen and * * * stripped of its *. * * * *. * two months of * * *, * able to * * * * * * that had formed. In ten * * *. In his * of the * * * * * *, while standing with his * *, * * * by a *. The margin of the sphincter * skin of the *, * * portion of the * of the skin of the scrotum, and the right * *. The spermatic cord was divided close to the skin, * skin of the penis and * * *. * * * * dead on the field, but * * *' * *.
* * a man * * * fell under the feet of a pair of *, * * * of the * * *. The organs * *, the spermatic cord * * * over the anus, and the penis * * from the *. * * * * *, but otherwise *. * * * instance of injury to the * a boy * * who was caught in a *. * of the penis and scrotum, and the tissue from the * * * * * from the body. * * * *. * * an analogous case in * * * who was * caught in *. The skin of the penis and the scrotum * * *; * * of the anus * *, * * * * of its skin for a space * * *, leaving a * * *, * * * long and * in diameter.
There is a case * of a man who had * * caught in * * * *. The skin of the penis * off to its *, the scrotum * off from its base, * * * * * *, and yet * *. * * of this case was the persistent * * * * * was not *.
* * a case in which the entire scrotum and the *, together with an entire * and its * * nearly all the * of the penis * * *, * * * with preservation of sexual *. * * * * * * *, * * * *, * * * *) caught in the *, and his * external genitals * *. * * it was found * * * * * *, and also the skin * tissue, from * above the spine of the * to the edge of the sphincter *, including all the * * *, together with the left testicle with * * * * *, and all the * * * of the penis * a rim * * * * * * extremity and continuous with the mucous membrane of *. The right * * * by its * *, * * * only by the tunica * as high * * * *, where the elastic * of the * * *. There was not more than half * * * *. The raw * * *, * * * * * together, and the patient * *, with preservation of his * *. Other cases * to the external * * *) * * in the next chapter.
The preservation of the * * * * of this kind is not uncommon. There is a case * of a man * * * * *, and the * * * * * * * * through the wound. * * process the wound * and the * * * * * in ten * * *, * that he * * * * * power of *. * a man * * who, in * * * removed. In the following * * * * * and was * *. The patient stated that * * of the second * he had * * * *, * * differing from that in which he * *. For a few months * to the time * the cord on the left side, * had not been *, * extremely painful and was * *.
Atrophy of the testicle may follow * *, * according to *, * wounds of the neck may produce the same * the loss of the features of *. * * * of spontaneous absorption of the testicle. * *, on the return of the * * from the * * * * * atrophy and * the testicle, without any * *. * * lose its *, * soft, and * * *. * * at a time was attacked, and when both * the patient was deprived of the power of *, * he was * by the lack of * and laxity of *. In this peculiar condition the general health * *, and the subjects * * * * of the * has been known to follow an attack *.
In his description of the diseases of * * * several peculiar * * his observation in which the *, leaving the * *. * * * * * modification of rheumatic inflammation of *, in which the * * from one * * *, * * * * * *.
There is a case of retraction of the testicle reported in a young * * * *, when first seen, * * * in the right *. * stated that while * * * * * * * * on the *. * * * * * pain in the groin and * * * * * * *. On inspection * * tumor was seen in *, tender to the touch * * * * * * * * was in its usual *, but the right *. The patient * * that both * * * before the *. An attempt at * was made, * * * so severe that * could not be *. * * * * * *, but unfortunately, * * at stool * a sudden * to the left, * * up into the abdomen and was completely lost to * *, but the symptoms *; the patient * * * for some weeks, and then as a *, * * *. * * * * that he was *, and that while * * * * * * * * *, * * * *. At the time * * * * was in position, but the right * * felt. The scrotum on that * * * until it * *; the right * * was very *, * * could be passed up in the inguinal canal; there was * on coughing and no tendency to *.
A unique case of * of the testicle in a man * * is given by *. The scrotum * normally developed, and * * in situ. The left half of the scrotum * * at the root of the penis there was a * the size of *, covered with normal skin, and containing an * * * the size of the testicle, * * *. The patient * that this * * * * *. * * * had been *, * the past six months he had been *. In childhood * had a small inguinal hernia, * * * * * displacement of the testicle.
A somewhat similar * occurred in the *, *. Through the * of compression one of the testes * * the corpus * under the skin as far as the *. It was easily reduced, and at a subsequent * * * that it had not been separated from the cord. * * * * case of dislocation of the testicle * *. It was the result of * * upon the * * *. It was reduced * *, * * * * made, the * * up, and the shrunken * * *.
Rupture of the spermatic arteries and veins has caused sudden death. * * * * * * * * a healthy * * engaged in a * in the dark, * * *, * * convulsions and died in *. * examination the only * found was the rupture * * * at the internal *, produced by * * on the scrotum and * by one of *. * * * a strong factor in this * * gives a case of * due to lesions * * * following a burn. There is an old record * * man who, on *, found that he had * * *. * died of *, and at the autopsy it was * * * * hard and of the size of a * * * * * * * about the size * * *.
* is a condition in which there is an abnormal quantity of fluid in the tunica *. It is generally * *, * * *, * *, and is * frequent in * * * *. * * an enormous size. * * * * * *, and there are records of * * * *. * * of a * in the coverings of * * * *. * describes a * * * in its * * in its *.
* gives a * case of separation of the ovary in a woman * *. * suffering from invagination of * and inflammation of the ovarian tissue, an * * through an opening in the * *, * * from the anus.
* * * of the vagina, the first to be mentioned will be a remarkable * reported by *. The subject * * * * *. * * a bundle of clothes * * * * objects in front of her, * * * over a *, * * to which a * * *. * * * *, and in the * her body * *, and, while in this * *, *, * by her *, * * up, and in * * * * * * * anus and about two * * * * *. * * * passed through * and its *, just above the *, and was * as she * * * back. The resultant * the lower part of the vagina and rectum, * *, * *, * *. * * *, * * * excruciating pain. The subject * on the * hemorrhage and shock. * * * * * * for three *, during which time the wound * most primitive *. * * * without delay.
* * a case of rupture of the vagina by the horn of a *. There is a case recorded in the * * of a * of nineteen * * out of a *. * reaching the ground, * * * * her as *. The high * of a * * * * * * * * from the median *, * between the * the posterior * of the labia majora. * * into the vagina above the external *, in which *, * separated from the *, *, * * * * * *. * * was the only * by the *.
* records a case of * in a woman * * *, * attempting to obtain water from a *, * * * inside the *, * * * * * wide and * *. The external * * * * * of the clitoris *, * * * the vaginal * * to the extent of five *; * recovered by the fourth week.
* * recovery from * * acquired by a * * * from a *, * * * * * was a * of the *, and penetration of * wall of the vagina, with complete separation of * * from the * *, and extrusion of *.
* * a case of * * recovery in a * * * * * down a *, * * * * * * * passed into her body, * * below the umbilicus and one * to the right of * line.
lastword * of the vagina may be so extensive as to allow protrusion of the intestines, and some * cases of this * *. In The * * there is reported a * * of this *. * * was found with a * * *, through which the intestines, with * *. * * of the intestines had been cut off * pieces. The * were all * and carefully * the mesentery. * * * * * a whole * * to loss of blood and *. * * * * *, * * * by a * *. * * cases of two * * * * * since, the * having been produced by * * * *. * * that this * seems to be * * *. * * * instance in which the * an old * * was found, with * * * * * stained with blood that had * * * *. * * * the abdominal cavity to be * blood; at *' * there was a tear large enough * * * *, through which * a portion of *; this was at first taken for the membranes of *. There were * signs of acute *. * it was proved that a * * * * * * * with his hand and arm stained with * * * * this man * * * * * *, and through the junction of its posterior wall with *, up into the abdominal cavity, and * * * * * * *. Outside of * * * * * a rare *.
There is a case of death from a ruptured * reported by *. * * * * while in a * * * to a * *, estimated to be between * * *, and proceeding from a rupture of the clitoris.
Discharge of Vaginal * describes the case of a woman * *, * *, * * * * * a month. * * * * * * * *, and in *, * * * * * * * * to the hospital with a * *, and until the 18th remained in a *, with abdominal *, *. On the 21st, * as if * * the contents of the rectum, * * * * pass through the vagina, and * it was * *. * * * mass it was found to be * of the vaginal * and the * body of the * the uterus. The * * she had *, * * * * *. * * *; * * leaving the hospital she returned to * *, but the pain and hemorrhage * * * great that she had * * *. The vagina, * *, ceased to interfere with the * * *. Toward the end of * * * * * with the greatest *. The portions * * in the * *.
* * * * * have been classified by * as follows: * * of the * * *; * of the clitoris and of the urethra (in cases * *; * *; * * * *, * * *; * * * of a * *; * * * *. In the last * * * a case * * occurring during *. * * *; * *; * * * * *, all mention * * *. There is an * * * * of the vagina in a woman, the result * with a large dog. * * * * * * * of the vagina in *; * * * * * resulting in a young * *. * * of a * * *, a few days after *, * * * *, * four days later * noticed that * * from the vagina * *. * showed that * of the posterior wall * * from their * that there was a * * * * *. * * * instance in which a powerful * * * with a * * *, caused a tear of *, followed by * *. In another case * * *, * in a * * produced a * * * *, involving the peritoneum; * * lost much *, * * *. In a *, a young *, * * * * * * * * was in an exaggerated * *, * * tear of the right * *. * * * case of a young * with an * *, * * uterus and *, * during a * * * * *, * * * * * * * * wall. The tear extended into the * * * * * rectum, and the finger could be introduced into the * to the depth of two *. The patient * * *, * was still * from the loss of blood.
* * instances in which *, immediately after * of the *, * * * as to almost *. One of his * * * * * * * * * * from a constant * * immediately after * * *. * * to be a case of active * * * * soon after the menstrual * had ceased and while * and ovaries were highly *. In another case * * * while at the * table in * * in New *, and from the same cause an * * *. * * * * * * have been found on their * * * * blood, and that the hemorrhage may have been so * * * through the * and fall on the floor. * * * * * * in instances of vaginal * * * may also * * *.
Foreign Bodies in the * * of the vagina allows the presence in this passage of the most * *. When we consider the passage of a fetal * the vagina the ordinary foreign bodies, none of * * this size, * * *. *, *, *, * *, *, *, and many other * have been found in the * is quite possible for a * * to be * a foreign body * in this location for some * * of a young * of nineteen * * * * a glass fixed by * * * * * *. It had been there for six months and was only * * *. * * a peculiar case in which the * a bottle was found in the vagina of a woman. One point of * * penetrated the bladder and a * * * * as well as on the vaginal *.
When a foreign body remains in the vagina for a long time and if it is composed of material other than *, * * by the * action of the vaginal *. *, * * a foreign body which was * * vagina, and found the * * * * * * * *. A similar * found by * remained in the vagina * years, and was * * *. * is always attacked by the * in the most marked *. * * that at * of a woman who had a * * in her *, * was found in the * *.
* Retention of *, * length of time during which * may remain in the vagina is *. The accompanying * shows the * * * around a * after a long * the vagina. The specimen is in the * *. * * * * remained in situ * * * * *, *, * a case in which a * * * by a * * * * for more than *. She had * * * * * of it * * years before death. It was remarkable that * * * * it was found to have * * * * *. * * the removal of a * had been in the pelvis * * *. * * * * remaining in the vagina * * * the removal of a glass * * *' *.
There is an account of a young * * * * who died from the presence of a * * in her *; it had * * *. * * * her to * * * all the period during which * * pain in *, and diarrhea. She had * * * * * * * * * from the * means of a pair of small * *. The glass * * * ten years * by the * * * the case of a woman * * *, * years before, introduced into * * * * * * * * *. * * * * * * * uterus, and was * * so little * * * * * until it was * out of * by a *. * * * * * * *, * * mucus, but otherwise *. * * * * report of a case of a woman * * *, * * was found a * * * had been * years before. The * made a good *. * a woman * * who had * * * days, and was in a state of great * * * * * *. * * * found a * * * from the entrance, which the patient had * years before. She had already * attacks of * hemorrhage, and a urethrovaginal fistula was found. * itself was *. * patient had been * *, * * * for by physicians, but the existence of a body * * had never been *. * * * *: in one a pregnant * * examined by a doctor * * degeneration of the neck of *. *, who was * relative to the case, * * that the state of the * * * *, and on * examination the growth was found * been a * * * * been introduced * * into the vagina. The other *, reported by * * error in diagnosis. The patient was a * suffered from continuous * hemorrhage, and had * * * * *. *, * * was in extreme *, * injection of * ordered, the use of which was followed by the * * vagina of a live * of a species very abundant in *. The hemorrhage * ceased and health *.
There is a record of a woman * * who was * surprised by some * * * * at the moment * * * * * * * vagina. With the purpose * * * * * * * * * down, and * of the * * * through the posterior wall of * into the peritoneal cavity. The intestine *, *, * in two of its *, which was demonstrated * an autopsy. A plastic * * * * * at the points of penetration, and prevented * * *. * * * * * * *, and a * * *, * * * *, * * out. The patient * * * after the *, * peritonitis, and an autopsy * * * * of the two *. * relates the description of a * * *, * about a * as a nucleus. It is reported * * * came to the * to consult *, * that several years before she had been violated by *, who had * an unknown foreign body * *, * she never * *. * found this to * * * *, * * in diameter, with its * the uterus. * * a solid * substance of a * *.
Foreign bodies are generally introduced in the uterus * * in vaginal *, or for the purpose * *. * describes a case of a woman * after the first manifestations of pregnancy used a * a tree to penetrate the matrix. * * it so * * * that the wall * *, and the * * in the region of the kidneys. * * * * of the volume of a * *, * * * * in the pelvis without causing * *, and was finally * by the * * the case of a woman who, in *, * the stalk of a * * * *. * * * until the next * * * accompanied by * *. * * the appearance * in the * of labor. The matrix * * * * the orifice of the uterine cervix was *, but there * as if in the second or third month of * examination a piece of reed * cm. long * * the uterus, * * * * * * * *. * * *, *, * * * * in the uterine cavity.
* was called to see a young * who had * * * by a *. When he * * * * * * had already been *, and had been * * *. It was impossible to remove the needle, * * was not * for two days. * * * * * to have * in the inguinal region, and by * * an elevation * formed, and the * * *. On the * * a needle * * * expelled from the swelling in the groin, and the *. * extracted from the uterus of a woman * * to be * at the third month, a fragment * * * * * * * * * * * * cm. of its extremity, and * *. * * there was not the slightest * *, despite the * belief that she * * *.
* * *.
* * *.
* * from Multiple * * * so numerous or so great * extent, and so * * *, that they are worthy of record in a section *. They are found particularly in * *. * Medical and * * * is the * the case of a * who was * through the *, and stomach, and in * * * * *. * * that when the wound in his * was injected, * * * * coughed up from his *. * * * the wound of the stomach. * * * * * * * months of * * *. * * * * * *, *, * * * * * * * by the *, * had an eye * *, * * *, * * on the ground, * * * *, and left * *; * * * * * * * horrors of the day forty years after.
* * * *, from his injuries and a peculiar * he used to hide *, * known as * * * * *" * * * * * * * * * * *, he was * * * * of a * *. * * *, * * *, * * * *, * * remnants of * and muscular systems, and the skull covered with * *. * * *, * * such a * * appearance that he was * * * * of his *. * * * * * by the name * * * * * included a false palate and * * * *. * * * * * * * of respiration * * were almost * to their * condition, and the * * able to *, and even to play the *. * sense of * *. * * * * * * to fill up the * * *, for the parts representing the eyes * * * * * * to what * of the real * it was considered by all one of the * * * * art that could be *. * *, * * *, * * and in * * at the time of *, * * *, * expression, and his * *, * * an object of great *. * * * * *, and nothing * * more than to * the war. * * * * * * * * * in detail an account of his injuries and a * * * * apparatus by which * * * * *. A somewhat similar case is * * *.
A most remarkable case of a * * numerous and almost * injuries and recovering and * * * * * is that of * *, * *, * * *. * * before a * * * *, * with the following *: * * * * across the * * of the *, and a * between the bones of the forearm * * *. * * * *, *, he was * * *, * * passing through the middle third * * *. * * *, he had a *, * * muscles and overlying tissue for a distance of six * he was captured by * * * * * * * of wood, * * of which *; * * * *, * he was * * * of an * *, * passed from * * * * on the right leg, and * * * * * *. * * * * and was * * * * *. * * * between the 6th and * * beneath the apex of the heart, traversed the lungs * at the right * *. * * * * * * * *, and was soon * by his own * *, * * * penetrating the body. * * * * * on the margin of the * * scars are at all *, * * must have * the left lobe of the liver and border of the * he was * by a * at the lower * * * * *, * * * on the other side of *. * * of the * manner in which he * * * during a somewhat * *, it may * that he * * * * * * * * * * on both sides of his *. * * * * * * * *, which he * * worthy of record or *. The greatest * * at the time of applying for a * resulted from * *. * * with his experience in our *, * to the * * that he was on his way to * *. This case is * when we consider * of several of the * to a vital part; the * * * would surely have resulted in a fatal * * * * life. The following * * * injuries in the order of their *.
* across the * * of right *, dividing the * and muscular *.
* between the bones in the middle third of the right *.
* in the right *, * * passing through the middle third.
* * across the spinal * covering the lower * *.
* * * * * * by having * * of wood applied to the surface of his * *.
* * * passed through the * muscles of the right * and embedded itself in the * tissues of * * of the femur.
* by a * between the 6th and * * of the left side.
* through the body, the * passing through the left lobe of the liver and penetrating the posterior * * *.
* * through the * muscle of one side of the neck, * through the corresponding muscle of * side of the neck.
* between the bones of the left *.
* through the left * major and left * *.
* * dividing the * between the left * * * down to the carpal *.
* analogous to the foregoing is a case reported in * * * *. The patient was a native who had * * in the * *. One of his * * * above the wrist. The remaining * was nearly * a second *. A third * penetrated the * these and several other *, he had a cut * * extending from the umbilicus to the spine. * * * * * * one of the * of the * * * * * by his *. He was * * * * * dead. On arrival at the hospital * * * and he * *, but the injured * and an * * * formed and part of the * * through the wound. This man * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * consequence of a large *; a small portion of * * passed through the open *.
There is an account of a private *, * *, * suffered a gunshot wound of the skull, * * * the cranium, and who also * * fractures of * of the leg. * did not present * for treatment * days later. At this time the *- * * * *, but it was necessary to * the leg * * * * from the cranial *; * *.
* * * * *, with Multiple Fractures, * * caught in some portions of * * * * * *, any one of * have been fatal, yet there are * * * * wounds of this *. * records the case * * * * *, * * in the * * *, * * by the * * *, * * * bones of the leg about the middle. At the * * * * *; the third passed over * the fourth, * * * * * *, * a large part of the *, including one * of the skull, membranes, and *. A piece * * was found * in the *, and there * of brain on all the * around the circumference * *. * * to two * of cerebral * *. A physician was called, but thinking the case * declined to offer * *. *, * * the injured * * the leg, * * *, * * * * *. * * *, and in a few weeks * shoulder and * *. About this time a * fragment of the skull * almost the size and shape of a * *, * * *, leaving a circular * * over the * large as a * *, through which * * *. A peculiar feature of this case was that the * * consciousness, and while one of his * * * * * out of the * *, and moved to a * * * before any * *, and even * * * * from a man * *. * * * * * * * of the * * * injuries that each *. Three years after * he was in every * *. * * * * a boy * * who was caught in the * * * in a *, and was taken up *. * * * at the parietal * and the * *, leaving a * * near the base of * about two * in diameter. The right * * at the external *; there was a fracture of * process of the ulna, and a * * * *. * * * * ruptured, and the * * from the ulna. On the left side there was a fracture * * neck of the humerus, and a * *. * * *, and the * * removed; in * * * was nearly *. * * * of a * * * who was caught by her * * * shaft in motion, * * * at a rate of
150 or times a minute until the * could be * * was found in a state of shock, * * * * * * * could be given to her * were found to be as *.
* * fracture of the middle third of the right *.
A transverse fracture of the middle third of the left *.
A slightly * * fracture of the middle third of the left * * *.
A transverse fracture of the lower third of the right *.
A fracture of the lower third of the right *.
A partial * *.
* * of the soft parts at the * of fracture, and * * * all over the body.
* * * * * * an attack of measles, * after careful * it was found by * day that she had * * * * that there was * * in all the *. * * * * in the left femur, in which the * * *, but there was no * *.
* describes a * * * *, while standing near a machine, * * * * * * *, * * * in and * * * *, * * * against the * * floor of *. It was thought * * * * * * * * *. After his * it was found that * * * * at its lower third, and *. There was no * in the wrist in either the * * arteries, but there was * in the brachial * * * * *. * parts of the hand and * by the median * * * * *. * * * * at the middle, the end of the * * * *, and almost protruding through *. One or more of the middle * on the right side * near the angle, and there was a large * * * * *. * * * * * * a perfect *, with the single exception of * * in the left *.
* details a description of a * of six who was * around the * * of a * * in which * * *. Some part of the body * * * * * * *. * * a fracture of the * near the insertion of the *, a fracture of * third of the left *, a compound fracture of the * in the upper third, with protrusion of the upper * * * hemorrhage, and fracture of the * * * at the upper third. When taken from the * * was in a * state, with * *, and all the accompanying symptoms of shock. * * *, * * reduced, and * * * * * * there was * *, the right * * *. Six months later * * * *, * a slight * in her *.
* * * * of a man who was * between two cars, and sustained a fracture * * and of the sternum; in addition, six or * * *, * into and * the lung. * * *. * * of these * injuries, the * * * picked up, and * * half a day. * on this case * * * instance in which * * * * * * *, * * fractures of his *, * * * *. * * * *, and, as * of his * *, became a * * *. * * a remarkable * after a * of the femur, fracture of the jaw, and of the * * injury to the base of the skull, and injury to *.
There is on record * account of a woman * * *, * * action in * * *, * * *, * the spine, on the left side. * * * * * * * all that day, * * * on the * * in about a month, and was able to * as well *.
* * * * * of the brain and extreme *, associated with fracture of the left *, * fractures of the left * * *.
* * * * * * fracture of the leg, with simple fracture of both *, * of the thumb. * * of a * in an individual who * * * of both legs, and fracture of the skull. It was * * * the right * and left *. * * * * alone, in an individual * * * * * * by being *.
* * * * * consisting of fracture of the frontal * near the junction with the right * of the right radius and * at the middle third and * wrist; and * fracture of the left radius and *, * above the wrist. * * a case of * * * * fractures of the skull *, together with extensive * of the thigh *, and yet *.
* * * * amputation of the *, in an individual who had * fracture of the base of *, fracture of the jaw, * * fracture of the *. There was * * followed by * * *. * * a case of fracture of both *, * *, * of the clavicle, and accidental * *, * * recovery from all the complications. * of an individual who * fracture of both *, * * fracture of the tibia, fibula, and * into the *, * amputation of the * * not only * * *, * * * * in both *. * * of the * a person may * at one time, the * * * * injury to a * * *, * * *.
* * * * it is of interest to note * * * a height a person may fall * * *. A remarkable * of a * * * * * *) * * * is recorded by * in the * * * *. * * * in a * * * on the *, * * * in which he was * * *; so it * *, * after it, * into some * with about three * *. As stated in Nature, * * * to have * * * * *, nor the sides of the *, and he * * when he was * out by his * after about *. * could not, however, * any of his * * fall. The velocity * reaching the bottom * * *, and time of * *; but it is * must have taken *. It appears * that he should * * * and loss of consciousness * * sufficient for the water to have * *.
* * * * of the * * * attempted to escape from the * * *. * * * *, * the right frontal sinus, * *, *, * *. In five * he had * * as to be put * * again, and he served as * *. There is an account of recovery after a * feet, from a cliff in * *, *. * a man who * from the * of the * * * * * * *, and there is a * * of a much higher * than this * *. * * * * from the fourth story of * * * *, * with his * on the dirt and * * *. * * from the nose, and lost * * * *; he was carried to the * * was found that he had * difficulty in * * about the external * * * *, but by the eighth day the patient had *. * * * of the * * * *, *, * * from the top of the building, which is above the *, * * ribs and rupturing * *. * * to the * * * he was * * *, * treatment for * * *; * * * * * * *. * * * * * * * condition. There were no external signs * injury with the exception of the * * * the lung. * * limited and * * by adhesive * and a *; * * * * *.
* * * * * * * who, on * * * on the * in the third story of a house *, * attempting to fly * * * * with an *, * * * * to a * * *. * picked up *, but both * * * * *. He had so far recovered by the 24th * * that he * * * *. On the 15th * * of the * he was seen by * * across the * * * *; * * * in third in the * he had * * of his *. * * the history of a * *, * *, * * feet from the * * *. In his * * * a scaffold * in two, * through the wooden roof of an * *, * * and two * *, * * * * * * inside the house. * picked up he was * * * * in a short time, and it was found * * were not serious. The left * * * from the carpal *, the left * * * there were * about the back and hips. * * * * * home with his leg in *. * * * a case in which a man * * * * * *, * the skull. Pieces of * the superior * of the occipital * were removed, * * exposed for a space * by four *. * * * for four days, * * * * *, with only a slightly * * as an * * *.
For many years there have been persons who have given * of high *, * * in a net or in the water. * * * individuals do not * * * * *, * * to strike * first or to turn * in their *. Nearly all the noted bridges in * have had their *" The death of * * * * * * * bridge is well known. Since then * * * that the * has been accomplished without * injury. It is reported that on * * * * made a * * from the top of the * * *. *, *, a distance of *. He is said to have * * to a * *, and was taken * * * * *.
Probably the most interesting * of this kind that was * * was at the * *, *, in the * of
1895. A part of the regular * * at this * * * * account of its *, was the * * * from the * of the large * * into a * * * * *, and from * to ten * * in the floor of the *. * *, * * * * *, * * up in a * * * * of this * into the same *, * * * * * * * coming to the surface. * * * a female * made a * * * * point of the building into a net * * * above the floor. Nearly every large * * one of these individuals who seem to experience * * * * * * * *.
It is a common belief that people * from great * die in the act of descent. * * with the * * * * * of an * *, a height of *, * *, * the fact that during the * in the * * *, * * in a slight * * reached the water, but he was still unable to strike * rising to the surface. By personal observation * * that he believed that if he had struck a hard * * would have been *, * he was sure that he * * during the *. * A writer in the * * *, * * of the * * had happened in connection with the * *, * * man who * * to work at the height of * * * of the *, * * * *. * * * * *, * * *, and he * * * * *, * * * * *. In another * * * a distance of *, * off a * *, * * * through a * *. *, * * from a great *, * * off a * * * * to his *, * * * *. * occasion a * with a number of * * *. Two of the men were * * by striking * * the work in their *; * * * * * *, and were * from the * * * * * *.
Resistance of Children to * is a remarkable fact that young children, * *, *, and tissues * *, are sometimes able to sustain the * * bodies of * of great * * *. There is a record early in this century of a child * who was * * across the * by a * *, * * without any * *. * in this case is quite *, and was * * * *, * * * infusion of * * was a free evacuation of the *, * * * and spine, and a * * * * *! * * would in themselves seem * * provoke a fatal *, and were given in * * * * of effecting * recovery in such a case. In a * * * * * passed over a child *, with no apparent * other than a * near the * by the *.
* is sometimes quite *, * * child sometimes * * exposure and major *. * a remarkable instance of this kind brought to light in * *. * *, recorded in The *. * * *. *, a few hours after * * *, * * * * * in a *, * * *. She had * *. *. *. * * * * *, * * * * * * * *, and not *, * * expected in a woman shortly to *. On the way to her *, * had been * *. *, *. * * to the Doctor that she * * * *. *. * * * *, * * * she had done with the baby. * * it was in a box on top of the *. When the box was * * was found *. * * comments on the * that, shortly after *, a woman * * * * hours in a * *, and her * * * * * in a *, without apparent *, * * *.
* * a remarkable case of vitality of a * * * * * his observation in *, * *, * by its mother, was * * * of a * *; * * * * * * * it had been * * during an * *. The infant * despite the following *: * from an *, *, * *; * * *; * * * * down the *; * * * in the *; * * * * *, also by * covering of *, *, * *; * * * * * * * directly from * * * * * * * * from the sides of the * * * * * the infant); * * * to the application of hot *, * the administration of cardiac *. * * * * after its discovery the child * * * * two months * * * * * * * the case. A remarkable case of infant * is given * * * in the Young and * might be of interest to * that such a major * * * * * performed in an infant. In a paper * * * * instances of this * * * * * * on a child one year * * *; *, on a child of four; *, on a * *; * *, on a child of seven, * * *, * *, * * * *. * * on a * of six, suffering from * cyst of the left *. * * * * * and infancy * * * *.
* * * * from a child of two years and * *; * performed the same operation on a child * *. * * * ovary from a child of three; * this operation in a child * * *; * * * on a child of three.
* * are infrequent in the extremely *. * * * instance in a woman * *, * records a similar *. * * * * of successful * in patients of * performed the * * *. * it at *; * * * * years and *. * records a successful case of * in a * *; * * a successful instance in * * * years and six months; the tumor * *, and there were * *. * * * ovarian tumor from a woman * *, * *. * * * * *. * * * * * * * * * *. * * of an operation for * of the ovary in a woman * *. * * case of recurrent * cyst in a woman * * * * * was performed * * *. * * * ovarian cyst in a woman * * * * of fluid were removed.
* describes the case of a *, *. *, * at the age of one hundred and * * * operated on * * * * * * *' *. * * by first intention, and the * * well in *. * * * * * * on a patient of *.
* * * of a woman * * * * * * * * * *, * *. The first * was for fibrocystic disease of *. Since the last * * * had had * health, and there was * indication that * had been *. * * contains an * a case in which * * * four times, and * * record of this operation having been * * * a man. Instances of repeated Cesarean section are * * * Before leaving this subject, * * a marvelous operation performed by * on a * * * *, * * *. * * * *, * * * resections of * * bladder and ileum, for a large * * * the ovary, with surrounding *. * * months after the *, and in * * * was in good health in every way, with no apparent * recurrence of the disease.
* * * have been instances in which * and even * * * * * themselves. On the * men have * of their own * that had been *. In such * would be little pain, and * would not * into play in the same * as in the case of *. * *, a surgeon in the * * * *, * * * * on himself before a *. * that after the * was completed the urine * *; * * the wound * * * in an *, and, being * * * *, * * * *. On the following *, *. * *, he was * * * as if he had never been a *. * * and a * * * * * * for the intense pain caused by a stone in the *, *, and the * each report * * * *.
The following case is probably the only instance in which the patient, suffering from * *, tried to * * the stone *. *. *, * * *, born in 1828,
while a * * *, * a fracture of the * of the urethra, and * of the *, by a * * *, * * an iron bar. A permanent * * established, but the patient was * * * * measure. In the year he became * * presence of a *, but not until * * * * *. * * that he had * * * * * * to the stone, * * * * * and thus * it, and by so doing * about an ounce of the *. The physician * * * *, * during the interval, * * in great pain, the * * relieved by the stone * * *, * to the floor, * * * * * * * * off, the stone * *, and was * in its * *. * * * * *, * * * * * piece of stone in his *.
* * *" we are told that the * of dividing the * * was first performed by * * *, by means of a *. * *, the late *. * * of a patient in * *, * * *, had the * applied at * * with resultant * *. * * to the country * * * pain, and * * * he was unable to induce any of the men * * * * *; * * * * * * and fully * in the efficacy of * as the best means of * * * * * * * a poker * applied the *.
We have already mentioned * * instances of * * *, and in the literature * * many of the minor type have been done by the *. In the foregoing cases it is to be understood that * have been * * from the inability * * * or from the * * * * * *. * * were not the * *, * were performed by * *, * * by pain.
Possibly the most remarkable instances of extensive loss of blood, with *, are to be found in the older * *. * * of excessive bleeding in the * are well known to *. * * * * * * * in. Both in * and in * * *, and it is no * to say * the hospital * at times the * * * *. * * way in which * * * *, * * *, * * it has so * * * that even its * are overlooked, and depletion * about in some other *. * to the older * * * describing a patient from whom he took * blood in four days. * * of the removal of * *; *, of six *; * *, * *. * the history of a case of * in which he * * * * * * * of blood from * * * *. * * * * * * * *. * * * * times during a single *. * * * in which * were performed in *. * * * * * * * * * of blood * * * * *. * * * in one * * years, and there is a record of *. * The loss of blood through * hemorrhage is sometimes *. * * * the loss of * * in a few days; and there is an older record of * lost in four days. *, * *, *, * * instances of death from hemorrhage of *. * * * * * * * *, and there is a similar record of * *' * * *. * * * instances of * * *. * * * * * the loss of pounds of blood from the nose; *, * * * hours. The * * account of * * * * * *. * in an old * * * pounds of blood * in ten *. * * * a case in which, * *, * * of blood were lost in *, the patient *. In another case a * * was lost * * * *, * *. * * * * in three * caused death in another case; *, *, refers to the loss of three * of blood * * * * hours. In the case of * in the Transactions of the * *, a young * * enlargement of the spleen * * * in two hours, and *.
* * *, * * of six * * lost in two days; *, * * in less than *, * *, of the loss of one * * for two years.
* * * * * * * * wont to declare * * * * * origin in * * * inflicted by * * *; he used * * * of the * * behalf of his *, and to * cases of the patients of * * *, * *, * *, treated by *; he was * to believe * * that the name *, *, * * *, which in the older * * * that the earliest function of our * * * extraction of arrows and *. * * * * * during the long * *, * * * before the * *. It was a rude * was used by * in the many * in which *. * * *, *, * * * for extracting foreign bodies, * * consisted of a * * *. * states that it * until the * * * * * * * * * * * which, with every *, * * in use * * *. * that in * * * * * *, * * of the * crushed by *, * * between the edges of a * *, * * * * of the soft parts. According to * *, * * * * * * * *, and described a method used in his time to * *. * and others of the * * little or nothing * * our knowledge of * * * foreign bodies. After the * * attention of * * directed to * * * * *. In the * * * * * used in *, and we find * * * * of this class of injuries with the * * * * * *. As the use of * * the literature * * * * * *, * report of an instance in the present day is very rare.
* has collected * * * * this subject, * upon the * with which * * * arrows, and states that it is * * * only a single *. It is commonly believed that the * * use of * *, but from the reports of * *, * must be a very rare *. * * * * informed by *. *, who was * for some time * *, that it is the universal * * * * * blood, which is allowed to * on them; it is not, * * * material may thus be * * *.
* * * * * use of the * *. * * uses a *, * *, which is about * *, and having a * of about half * *. Through this * * long, thin *, * on the head with * *. * * of the physiologic * *, * * used in *. * * * relative to a * * * *, * * to be used by the * * * * *. * * * * has made inquiries into the * * of the arrows of the * * *.
* has collected reports of * from surgical cases occurring in the *. *. *. Of the multiple *, * of the seven * * fatal. In five in which the * * *, * * *. There were * instances of recovery * penetration of the * by arrows. The great * * * * * is well known, and, according to *, * * * at the umbilicus; * * *, * * * * envelop the abdomen, as the most vulnerable * * folds of a *.
Of the * *, * * fatal, with one exception, in which the lesion * the soft parts * * * were the scalp, face, and neck, * *; * * of the chest * *; the long * * back in two; the abdominal muscles in two; the hip * in three; the testis in one; the shoulder * arm in * * * * *; the thigh * leg in seven.
The force with which * * * * * is so great that it has been estimated that the initial * * that of a *. At a short * an arrow * the larger * * * *, * * * *, * resembling the effect of a * through a * a few * *.
* * cases of recovery from *, several of the most striking will be recorded. * * * * * who, in a * with some * * * *: * on the anterior surface of * *; one in the right *; one on the right side of * near the axillary *; * on the posterior * * * * near the *, and one on the left *. * * he was * to the * * * * *, * * on the right * near the * *, * * * * of the humerus. The patient was * * *, and was returned to * * *, * * * * * by which the body * *. The patient was a * * * * *, * * * * * * *, by an arrow * the back * * to the right of the 5th *, * * about two * to the right of * *. During the following * the patient * * * of blood *, with a small *. He was confined to his * * * *, * * * * * fever. In * he was * about, and by * * * *. The arrow * deposited in the * * *.
* gives a report of an * of the lung which was productive of * but which was followed by *. * the description of the case of an * * *, complicated by * dyspnea and blood in the * and in the bronchi, * *.
* * * * *, * long and * * *, from the brain of a private, about a month * *. About a * * * followed the exit * *. After the * the right side was observed to *, and the * could not * his name. He * * * condition for a month, * * * * * days after the injury. At the postmortem it was * * *, to the extent of * around the * the arrow as a center, * * and disorganized. * itself was filled with thick * * extended into *.
* * a most remarkable case of recovery from multiple *. In a * with some * * * 1863,
the patient had been * * * * * * * parts of the body. They were all * * exception of one, * had entered at the outer and * of the right scapula, and had * * * * the upper lobe of the right lung or *. * at this time * so great that all * * * *, *, *, * continued to experience * * swallowing, and occasionally * blood. In *, 1866,
more than three years after the injury, * called on *. * * an examination with a view of applying for a * that his * * * from the presence of *. He was * *, and expressed * * * *. * * through a small * * * the superior end of the sternum, the point of the arrow * * against the bone, * * *, * * against the trachea and esophagus, with the *, jugular vein, and nerves *. After some * the point of the arrow was raised above the * it was extracted without the loss of an ounce of blood. * * against the sheath of the * * * *. * * * * * at the base, and * * long. The health of the patient * * immediately after the *.
* * in this country * * * * are seldom productive of serious consequences, in * * * * * results from *. * by large *, *, *, * * * fatal. Even in our * *, * *, * sometimes followed the bite of a * * *, the location of the bite and the * * * * * the fatal issue. In some *, * * * is introduced with the *, *, * the case of a man who was * * * by a spider, and who * * * * * *, but ultimately * * a man * * who received * * * * * from a tree, * * * *, and for some time * * * * *. * * a young man who did * * * in a glass * * *, * * *. He was * in the throat, followed by such * that the * * * in the presence of *, who could * nothing to relieve *. In connection * case there is * * * * * * life of one of his * who had * * * with a glass * *. * * * at the moment of the *. * * made a kind * from a solution of common * in as * * *, which he * to the young man, and, after * of the *, the symptoms * as if *. There is a recent * * *, *, * woman who, * eating a *, * * * * * on the fruit. In * down the throat * * * on the tonsil. * pain and inflammation followed, and in * time there was * * of the power of *.
* relates the case of a * * who, in *, * * upon the * by a common *. * * to a * * * *, thence to his *, * *, *, * * in ten minutes. A second *, * * *, is also * * *. A vigorous * * in the septum of the nose by a *. Supported by a * * to his *, a few steps *, * * *. * * to go to the *, * a few *, * *. It was thirty minutes from the time of the * * * death. A third case is reported by the same * *. A man * * * * on the * *, and died in * *. * * * * * *, in which a man * * * by a * on the tip of the nose. * * * * * doses of * *, * * * * leaves. A * case was that of a * * who was * in the left side of the throat by * which he had * * * *. * *, * * * * *. * *, * occurred in *, is given by the *. * * * * * by a yellow * * * * of the right hand, and died in less than * * * * * *. * * case was * a New * * *, * *, * * on the foot * *. * * *, *, * * * *.
* * * * of a * above the * followed by death. * * * * which was followed by * * death from a * in the * relates the case of a * * * who was * * neck by a *. The usual swelling and * * *, * * * * treatment the * * * *. * * * cases of *, * of which * * * * * * * * * who was * in the neck below the *; a second in an * * * who was * * *, and a third of a woman * * who was * * * *. *" * the details of a case of * in the middle * of the right * of a man *, * * of all * and of muscular *. * after receiving * he was *, * * *, and his * * *.
* from a * *, in the *, number of his unique and * Archives of * a primary lesion of most * *. * * of the * * * * * * * * *, which rapidly * * use of *. The only * about the case was * as to how the disease had been acquired. The doctor * * to give all the information in his *, * * that he had never been exposed to any * * * he had * * *, * possibility of * * * *. * * *, and a * of his entire body surface revealed no * * * on the genitals, or at any point, * * * on one *, * * like the remains of a boil. * * *, had been due to a small *, the dates of * and duration of which were found to fit * * of a primary lesion. * * also been * * the femoral *. He had never thought of the * * *, * * * * that it * * in an *, and had been *, * * *, * * the place, though he could not understand why * so long. *. * * that all the * to show that the disease * probably been * the blood of an infected * through the bite of *. * thus appears that even the * * may at times prove a serious injury.
* * in an Indian * asserts that the traditional * * * * is due to the * having been * * * * * * more than once, and having * the first * * * *. * assertion is based on * * * * * *, and an * made with a * * who was immune to * * * provided by the *. The animals * * * * * long and had * *. * * blood, but the * was none the worse.
* * * * * may be considered the most typical of animal *, * * in the fatality * * its action. * in our * there are *, but in the * *, * *, * from this cause is *. Not only * * * in that *, but the * * * * *, * * exposed to the bites * *. It is estimated * * * that the * * each year * * * It is * there were * * killed by *, *, * * * * during the year and in * year the same species of *, aided by *, * head of *. The number of human * * * * * * * The number of wild * in the same * * and the number of * * * * * *, who has been a close * of this subject, has found in this country no less than * * *, belonging to four *. The first * * *, * * *; the second is the * *; the third is the *, * * of the species of which is a *; and the fourth * *, * * *. There is some * * * degree of the toxic qualities of the * of the *, * * *. * * * * is the most *. It grows to the length of *, and is most * *. * *, * * *, is one of the * * *, * * a length of *; * * *, active, and aggressive. The common * * * * in the United States are the *, *" and the *; and it is from the bites * * * * that the great majority of * * *. But in * over medical literature one is * * * of reports of fatal *. This is most * to the fact that, * a few * * see the cases. The natural * * * is in the * * * *.
* * is delivered to the victim through the * of a long * which is * with a gland in which the * *. The supply may be readily *; for a time the * then be *. Contrary to the general * * * is a * *, * proved by * * *, *, * *. Death is * caused by paralysis of the vital * * *. In this country * * * are on *, while in * * * * * * * * *.
* called on to describe * the symptoms of * *, few medical * * * *. In most * wound is *, * * by the *, which is * up to a * rarely seen in * * *. It is often difficult to * * point of *, * * is it. There is * * * of blood, active inflammation, and increasing * * * * * * entrance into the system, in * time the swelling *, * * form, and * of the tissues is so rapid that * * * * before the fatal *. The patient * immediately after the * of the wound, * * * indicates the use of *, even if * * * unfamiliar with the history of *. There may be a slight *; * * *, * * rapid and *, * *, and the patient * of a sense of * follows, and the * * slower and * * *. If the patient lives long enough, * of the extremity and the swelling may spread to *, chest and back. Loss of * * * * * * *, under the head of *.
A peculiar complication is a distressing inflammation of the mouth of individuals that have * * * *. * * is still quite common, and is preferred by * to the * and much * method of * * *. There is a * * * * * man who was * on the ankle by a *; he had * the wound, but he * such an enormous * * * as to be almost * of a fatal issue. In * * * * was a local effect of the * *.
Cases of * * * * of the * of virulence of * was reported by *. * * * *, * * by a * * * at some * a man * struck on a * by a *, which he * with an *. * * * * * * protected by the *, and he * * * *. * * * began to * *, * * *, * *. * * * * * *, as they were * * made and a * in that * a few hours the * of the * was a *, and every
one * his death * * or some * *. * * * *, and the next * * died in * short time. It was * * wise to examine *, and in one of them was found, * embedded, the * * *. It was * that in * on the * * * * * * * * * * * with the *, which was * * *. The case is so * as to appear *, * * * *.
The following are three cases of * reported by surgeons of the United States *, * followed by recovery, and * by death: * * a private in the *, * *, who was * by a * * *, *, * The bite * * * of the left *, * * *, * in the destruction of the joint. Three years * * * * * extremely painful, and it * * * the thumb. * * the case of * of the * * who was * in the * a large *. The wound * * * * *, and the * reported at the * *, * *, *, * hours after the *. * * * was a slightly * * about the * * * did not seem to be the least *. * * the wound * hard and somewhat *, probably from * * by the teeth of the man who * the wound; * so for about three hours. The throat * * * * olive oil (the only * * hand) and no * * *. There were no other * *, * * * returned to *.
* * sends the report of a fatal case of *: A private, * *, * * * of his *, * known in his Company * *, * he had many times, * *, * *. On the * * * * * * * with the * * * *, * *, in the presence of the *, * succeeded in * * * * * * as a *. * * over and the * *, * * sight of another * same class, and tried to * * * *; * * *, and he was * in the middle * * * *. He was * * to the * * only of a little *, such as might follow the * * * * *. * * * * above the wound; * * made by the * were enlarged by a *; * the actual * were applied; large doses of * * frequently, the * of the patient * * *. * * * * * * * * * there were * from the beginning as to his *. * of the hand and arm * *, * * * * * * following the bites * *. * * * applied to the * * * * used, and two * * * * * * * * * *. * *, which was very * at first, * * under the influence *; * grains of * were given at night, * * well, and on the next day * only of * * *. The swelling * extended as far as the * the blood, which was very *, * * * * *. * acid and * were applied to the arm, * *. On the 15th * condition was *, * * * *, there was not so much * * * * * *. On the 16th the * of pain in the neck, on the side of the affected * * * condition was *. * * *, * * * in diameter was discovered, * * * tissues of the penis, * it to such a degree * * * * enlargement of the parts. * * * that the * had been * on the parts very long, as * * preservation of *; but under the influence of * * the swelling * increased, and the patient * * in passing * * obliged to *. * * * off with some *. * * * of the * *. From this * until the 30th * * improved somewhat. The progress of the * *, and the injured * * * * * *. * * * obtained, but * of the second * * * *. * was called * on the next *, * * been observed to be *; there was *, * * * weak and slow. and the * * * *. * * applied to the spine, * * * * were given, * * * *. * * was made * * * *. There was * of the tissues, particularly on the affected *. * * black and very * *. * * the brain * filled with a large amount of serum; * * * *. The lungs were *, * * of a few * * of recent * * * side. The right ventricle of the heart * *, * * filled with dark blood, which * *. The liver * * *, and the * very much * bile. The intestines * a few * * * *.
* bite of an * animal is always of great * to man, and death has followed * * * * animals or even *; a human * has also caused * *. * is frequently observed in *, such as the *, *, * *, but is most * in the *, such as the dog, *, *, *, * * and other members of the * *. * * cases of death from symptoms resembling those * in persons who were * * *. *, * * * * have caused * by their * * * of the bite of an * * causing death, * * * * following the bite of a * well as death in three * from a *. * a case of * which he attributed to a * the older * * of death following the bite * * man, are * *, *, * *, *. * * contains an account of * by a human *. * * a case of * from a human * on the hand.
* may not necessarily be from a bite; * * wound may be * by the saliva * * *. *, and some subsequent * * to a * under the * * * * *" There is said to be a * * * * after being * by a * *, the victim * in his *; at about three * * * * * down the * intestines, and being * * *, * * * * *, until they * * * *. * * * * * * theory. All sorts of * * have been * the cure of *. *, * *, * *, * * * before the new or * *, * as a specific * * * *. * * * that the person * * * * * from the * of an old * * * * * * *. If the dog * * * * * * * * *. If the dog was not * * * would not *; * * the person * * * *. *, as well *, are believed in by some * at the present * * *, at one time in * the fear * * so great that any person * to be * it could be * *.
According to * *, * is an extremely fatal disease, although the proportion of people * * * infection is * greater than those * the disease. The mortality of * * is from
30 to per cent, influenced by efficient and * and scientific *. There is little * many of the cases reported as * * * of general * * from a local * *, made possible by some primitive and * * the original wound. There is much * * *; the majority of * seen are filled with the * the dog, *, *, and also with particles of * * * from the mouth of some person who has * the wound.
*, the period of incubation of * in man is before the end of the second *, although rarely * * as many as six months from the * of the bite. * symptoms of the disease are *, *, * *, and occasionally * *, radiating from *. There may be severe pain at the back of the head and * *. Difficulty in swallowing * becomes a marked * * assumes a * *, and occasionally * of the face is * * *. As regards * diagnostic test of a glass of water, * * of a * attempt to drink is given by * * * *: "A glass of water * offered the * * * to take, saying that he could not * * * *, but would take it from a *. * taking the * * * * * * discomfort and *, * to raise the *. As it * within a foot of *, * * and began to * *, * * * * * *. * * * * the water * *, losing the greater part of it, and * * * * * *. At this moment the * * *, and were performed with great effort, * * * * with every *. The paroxysm * half a minute. The act of * did not appear * distress, for * * * through the * * without any *. The approach of * * mouth would, *, * *" It is to be * * * affects the mechanism of the *, the muscles of * * * * * *.
* discovered that the virulence of the virus of * could be attenuated in passing it through different species *, and also * inoculation of this * * * * * effect on the disease; *, by cutting * cord of * * * * * * long, and * *, * * could be * the virus. The patients are first * * * * * old, and the * is repeated * *, each time with a * one day *. * * * * * * * cords and * * * * *. As a * * * *, the ancient and modern, * * * virulence of saliva during fasting.
There is much * over the extent of injury * * can produce. In fact * * * the reliability of any * * cases of *. * * * * occurring at Port *, * *. * *, * * * a sharp pain in the thigh, and before * * *, * * * * and was * * * of the water. * * for a minute, * *, *, and then * free, and by a * * * * * of the *, where, to his * found that a * * * * * * off. The * * * *, and the teeth * * * *, * * * of the femur. There were * on the left side * where the fish * * *. The amputation was completed at once, and the * * * the case of a man at a *, * * * * by a *. The upper * of the animal was * the left side of the *, forming a * * * a point * * to the left of the umbilicus was the *, and the lower part of the upper third of the thigh, * *. The abdominal and * * * * * *, exposing the colon in its passage across the * * of the small intestines * * * * * also the three * *. The gluteal * * * *, the tendons about the * * the bone *, and the * * and part of * of the thigh * * across. The wound * * * * four or * * * *. * *. * * the patient he had been carried in a * and then in * for over * *, and at this time, * * * * of the wound, * * * * of salt water and blood, * * the wound * hair and the *, and closed it with * *. * * day the abdominal * * * *, * * *, and the * * *. * recovery from * * * from the bite * *. * * * * as a consequence of *. * * * in the *.
* from a * records the curious case of a man that had * many years in a * *, * * a fish had received a * of the thumb from the * * *. Swelling of the arm followed, and soon after * the chest, head, and face. In a few months the * * * * * * tubercles, and * signs of the * followed. The author asked if * case we have to do with a latent * which was * * *, or if it were a case of inoculation from the fish?
* * * * * at the *, as a consequence of an * * days before * * hospital. The patient * a compound * of the right radius and * in their * * * fractures of the bones of the * *, with great * of the soft parts, * * *, * * * wounds of the * *. * gives some * on a case * * removal of a large portion of omentum. * of recovery from a *. * * * * *, * *, * by a *, and the * * *. There is mention of a compound dislocation of * from a *. * * of a * * forearm, followed by necrosis and hemorrhage, * of the brachial artery and subsequent excision of *.
Injuries from * subject of *, with its * range of injuries, is of considerable interest, * not uncommon, the matter is surrounded by a * * * *. It is well known that * * * may result from * superficial or deep * may be the sole *, * paralysis of the general *, such as those of * *, may be *. For many years the * of a * has been believed to be *, and numerous * are on record. The object * * will be to record a sufficient number of cases * to enable the reader to judge of its *, and form his own opinion of the good * * * *. It must be mentioned here that half a century * * wrote a most * article on this subject, *, * * time, has * * * *.
The first cases to be recorded are those in which there has been complete and rapid recovery from *. * a woman who, * sitting in front of her * * * floor of a * * *, * * * *, * * that the house had been * *. * * * * all the * * *, and had * * * * * * * * * in a *, * * back of the house, * * *. * branch of the fluid passed through * of the building *, * along the upper * * * * *. *. * *, passed through the * * upon the top of her * *. * * * * * * abdomen at the time, the points of the * on the crests of the *. There was a * in the * the top of the shoulder, and a red line * * * * * * along the inside of the arm and *. * * there was * *, and on its * the hand lying on the abdomen * * *. *, for a space of four * in length and * * *, * * *. The fluid * passed from * to the * of the *, * down the outside of *, * open the *, * * * through the * a red line * * * * could be traced from the * * *. The clothing was not *, but only * at the point of the shoulder and where the fingers * * was neither * * * * * *, * * * * at the time. After * treatment for her * * rapid and complete recovery.
* * the history of a case of a woman * * *, * * * * * * *, had been * *. * * * sitting in an * * * * * * * a tree about a foot *. * the tree * * feet from the ground, * * wall of the building, which was * * *, * *. P. on the back of the head, at a point where * * * up in a * * * by two * *. * * * *, and under the knot the skin of the * * *. The fluid *, * * right ear, * was a * *, and then passed over * * * the left *, leaving a burn * * *, * * *. There was * *, * long and * *, * from just above the * of the * * * to the * *. The next * * * * of the right *, extending to the bottom of *, * * which it * around the inner side of *. About four * below the knee * * * * * *, * * *. * * * * * of the foot, * open the * of a * *. * * * * * * *.
A remarkable feature of a * is the fact that it very often * the affected part of its *, as in * case in which the * * * *. In a * the Clinical Society of *, * * * * mentioned in which * * * off by *. In one case * * * *, the clothes * * and the * skin was * *. In its course the * * * *, * * *, * * * *. * * * * * * and the * * * *, *, made a good *. * * * in which an explosion of a * * * * * leg of a * *, * between the knee *. It was found that the foot and lower third of the leg * * * of a * * * *, * * * or injury to the skin. The * * in the * and the * struck a person * *. * * * * *, and the * had the *, and in one part the sole * separated from the * * in the upper * * * * were still * the lower *. * * offered in this case * to that in * cases of *, * * the gas generated by the * * * * * * and the * * * * * them off.
There is a * collection of *, consisting of the clothes of a man * * *, * * * * case in the * of the * * * *, and the history of the injury, of which these * the result, is given by * *, the curator, *: * * * * * * * * * were at * * *, * * *, * * * *. The men were engaged in * *, * * of the * * them to take * * *. Three of the men * * * * *, * * by the *, close to the window of the *. * the three * when a * entered the * * shed, and * out the window, which it * * into the field. The men noticed that the tree * * * * stripped of its *. * * * close to the foot of the tree, while the * * * * * a few * * *, calling for * * * * a few * *, he was * in a * *, * *, * *, * *, * at the waist * * * * * * * a pair of * * *, and had a * *. After the *, *, * he had * * the left arm of his * *. The field * * * * * fragments of the * * * * * *, * * * *, and his * * * *. * * * covered with *, and he had * a fracture of the leg. * * * * from his *, and his * had a hole * * it, as if a * * had been used. * * * completely destroyed, only a few *. Together with some * *, these were found *, and are deposited in a closed * in the *. * * account of the *, * * * * * * * chest and shoulders, and then he was involved in a * * * into the air. * * * * *; but when at the hospital * * * * *. He was * * * * weeks after *. The scientific explanation of this * * * * * * of the * * * fact that the * condition of the * * * power of *, and in this way * *. It is said that the * * * down the * * *, * * a sudden production of * by its expansion * the clothing * * * * * is a * fact that where the * * * * * * were merely *, whereas in those * by the * * they were very much *. * is also * and described by *. *.
There was a * case of * reported at * *, *. * *, while at * * under the surface * *, * * injured by the transmission of *, * * * * * * * which the * * attached. The * * brought to * *, but he * *.
* Effect of * on the Nervous * * a woman * * *, * * *, * * * cap with an * *, * * an extremely * * * * * * * into a chair. * * * * * * * * she had * on the table, * * *, was reduced to *. * * were not * * there any marks on the skin. After the stroke * * * sensation and *, particularly in the arm * next to the table. * * * that in * * * she could * with the greatest * the atmosphere was highly charged with *, * * * on these occasions. The * * * before or during a * * * * *. * * as a physiologic explanation of * that probably the impression * * * * the right brachial plexus and the afferent * * *, and to some degree * * * * *; *, when the atmosphere was highly * * * * * * * *. * relates the case of a * * *, two of * * * killed by * * *. * * * * for four days, and * * *, * was found to be * * on the left side. * * * * *. Two years later, during a * *, when there was * of a *, she had a second *, * years later a third * * * *. * There are some * injuries from * on record. In these cases the lesions have consisted of detachment of the * *, *, hemorrhages into the retina, * * the choroid, paralysis of the * *, * of the optic nerve. According to * * * injuries may arise from the * * * * patient rather than by the * * * action of *. * describes a case of * in which * * *, * * *, and the * * *. * * the case of * *, * * *. *. While at * * * * * * * * * by a *. * * paralysis of the optic nerve and of the *; and the muscles of the glottis * also in some * of motion.
That an * can be perfectly performed by a * is exemplified in the case of * *, *. The patient was a boy * *, * * * *. * * in a field in a * *, * * * * caused the * to run *, and the child * to the ground. * coming to his * the boy * * * * * *, the parts having been divided * * end of the tibia. The wound * * round and * and femur * *. There were * signs of * the body, but the boy *. * days after the * * * was found near the place where he was * from the *.
The therapeutic effect of * * verified by a number of cases, a few of which will be given. * * * * which was * * * *. *, one of whom * *, * * * *. * * that the inner part of the right ear near the * * of one of the individuals was *, and on * * * * *. * * * * a man * * *, *, who was * * * * of the face and eyes, and was * * * * *. While in his *, he was * * *, and did not * until the next day, when it * that the * * *, and during the * which he * * * * * * is a record of a young * in the * * * * * * by an explosion of *, * * right eye and * the frontal *. * vision of * * was lost without any serious damage to the organ, * * attributed to shock. * * * * * * * *, * * to his * that he had * * * *, and had * * * * * * * passed through the * the back of the head. The * * brief, and he was * * * * *. From this * * * * he was able to * * without a *.
* * * the case of a * who was * * * * on a * * *. * * * * of the shock * * had been * * * seemed to be suffering from a progressive * * akin to *. The difficulty * * a protracted *, * * * * * placenta In the course of a week she had * * effects of * * * * * to health; and for two years had been a * * * *. * * * * * * * one in which a * to a woman * * *, * she had * * * *, and also * * of a woman * * who was * *; * * * had ceased twenty years before, * * *, and the shrunken * * * * *.
A peculiar feature or * as to * is its * properties. In this * * * * the case of * of a man * * *, * a tree to a * *, * * * *, * * upon his * a picture of the tree, with * * one of its branches. Although in the majority of * * * *, there was one case in which * * *; *, a cow; a third, a piece *; a fourth, the whole * *. * * * of neighboring objects on the skin * arisen from the resemblance of the * due to * of the * * *, or to * * which can be demonstrated by * * * *.
* * does not * * * on a few individuals or objects, but sometimes * * over a large area, or on a great number of * is said that a * in the * * *, * * of the Lower *, * *, * * * * * * * * * * of a new *. The company were all * * * * * *. * *, who was *, was not affected, it is believed, * account of his * acting as an *. * * *, *, * * * of a * * * * * * * several hundred persons. The effect of * * * over an area of * * * the same degree of *. *, there was * * *. * * reports that a person may * when some * as far as * away from * * * * calls the * *.
* is a subject which has long been more or less familiar to medical *, but which has only recently * to a * * *. * * * that it was possible to * * * * * * finger, and in * * *- * * well known. * * * * instance in * * of a * in suckling, * * * is not * to the skin that * is applicable; * * in the cornea, *, *, *, tendons, and * has been successful in * the mucous * *, *, * * to a portion of mucous * occupied by * tissue, and was the first * that on * *, mucous membrane * *, but when * to skin, it becomes * have been made to transplant * * of clear * * *, *, * * to the cornea of a human being, * * result of *, and von * * * * * of doing *. * * * * * * * * sections, as a substitute for * *, * * keratitis and corneal *, * * * * *, * * * worthy of trial in cases that are without *, * to blindness.
* * was the first to perform the implantation of teeth; and Younger the first to transplant the teeth of man in the * *; the initial * should be called *, * * * the replacement of a * in a * * * * * * * been removed. * * hole in a * * and inserted * *, * * it by *. * * a hole in a * * * * *, * proved that it was not necessary to use a fresh * * the case of a man who was * by a * * * * * * * *. * * *, * them in * *, * * *, * * * the teeth back in *, where they * * attached. At the time *, six years after the *, they were still * *. * * a successful * * in his * daughter of two, * * * * *, * excising the central *. * process of the right * * *, and the * to the entire length of the root. The teeth * * * * * * solution, and the child * * induced in sleep; the * * *, * * * the child had the * in place. They had been out of the mouth * * * * * they were as * * *. * * * * * prove that there is a return * after transplantation of muscle. After excision * tumors of muscles, * * *, * * * *, * * * * left by the excision of the * by the tumor with * * from dogs. * * * * * * * * * *, * according to *, * * * * * * * by transplanting *, taken in one * a dog, and in another from a *.
*, as a * operation to *, has been practiced, and * * * the nerves of * to the nerve * of man.
* is quite frequently *, * from a recently * *, * * removed from * * *, may be used. * * * * be used to fill in the *. * of the bone * *, e.g., by dividing * * of the hard palate * * soft parts, * to the * * cleft palate, * * the bony * in front, and * the pedicle, * the bony * * *; or, when forming a new *, * * * * * * * the outer table of the frontal *, * with a *, * * around the part to be * * a case of partial excision of the * followed by the * * * * * taken from a dog. * * * * *, * * * excision of spina bifida * * of a * * * from a rabbit. * a cure in a case of necrosis with partial * * * by inserting * taken from the bones of a * and from a *. * * * * * * * *, * * * * * * * * * nine months * * to the superior * * * * have been used in * * *.
* * * of the skin, * * * formerly used in *, none of which, however, have * * * effect as the use of skin by the * * will be described later
*, *, * the case of a white * * * * suffered from gangrene of the skin of the * * * in a * * * *. * seen the * *, and there was a * * * by six * * *. * * * from the * * * * *, as suggested by *, * * *. * * describes a boy * * with a severe *; a portion beneath the * and lower *, and the right * * * to the fingers, formed a * * * not heal, and * * * to. The * supplied by the skin of the father and *, * * * taken from two * * of the * *, * *, *, * * seemed to * for the purpose * * * of a successful * * was all that could be *. * * * * * themselves to be superior to the * is a case reported in which the skin of a * * *, taken from the abdominal wall and even from the * used with most * results in * * * following a burn on the left leg of a boy of ten. * * with the inner membrane of a * egg, and a *, *, used the * of a *.
* * * * * with the skin from the back and * of a large *. The patient was a * * *, who was * * by a * *. * * on the legs, *, *, and right *, * * area of * * * * *. * skin was transferred to the left *, and on the * * * * of white * * * * manner of *. * * of human skin was placed in * over the frog skin, but * * in four days, * attached to the * surface. The * * * * six months. The frog skin was *, *, and of * *, while the human * skin was firm and * *. * * the successful use of * in a case of * on a man * * who was * * * by a * * * *. * * * * * of the skin are collections of vascular * of separation without injury to their * layer of epidermis, they are probably better for * * * * * skin of less * *. * * succeeded in * the skin of * to that of a *, and also * * skin to *. * * that the prepuce of a boy is * material for *. * are often used * * * * *. There is recorded * in which the breast of a * and the back of a rat * together and * *. * * * the rat * the two did not seem to care to * *.
Relative to * *, * succeeded in * the skin of a * * * * on a boy * *. * cases of * of large * * *, * * this method is particularly available in * where they have * * * on the same * has shown that, after many hours of exposure in the * at a temperature of nearly * *, * * * *, but in such temperatures as * * * from six to * * * * *, * * * *, * limb of a healthy * * * *, may be utilized for * *.
* * the procedure * * *. * * the size of a * * * as well as large * but little diminution of the * * effected by * *. * * healing of a * * * * * * of the soft, * *, * of some of their * * * cells, into *, * * * the surrounding tissues. thus * area to be covered by epidermis; and, *, * * of these papillae * * *. * * that for the prevention of * * * be performed with large * of skin.
* * * of a case of extensive * on the thigh from six * above the great * * * * * * and over the *. * * * * * * * months after the *, * * * * over the edge about an *. * shows the surface of the wound, * * * * * * and three months after the applications of *.
Cases of * may be divided into three * in which the injuries are * in a * * * * * * *; * *; and in * * * * is seen in the lower animals, and *, * the case of a * * * * * * * *, * also of a dog, * *, and of a * * * * *. * * * * * * * * * * as an evidence of * * *. In the same * * that he knew of an instance in * in which a * *, * * * anus, and allowing the * * * * * * *. * * *, * *, * *, the lower animals have been noticed by * * *.
* in man is almost invariably the result of * over the * function, and the great * cases of this * * * * * * * of the genitalia. The older records are full of *. *, *, *, * * *. * * * which was effected by * *, and there is an old record in which a * his own *. * * * instance in which * * * * * * * *. * * * * in a ruptured * *, *, *, *, * *, *, and others, * instances of *- *. * * * * * instance of complete * by the individual *.
* * a case of a man who * * * *. * * * * * * told that he was * * * up the * from the * * * *, so that the omentum *; * * * * to obtain a view of the interior. Although the * * * *, the wound * after the removal of * *. A year * * * * one side of *. * * * * *, and the * * * *. * * * * * * in
1880, the wound * * * * * * *. In May of the same * * * the right * * the wound * *. Four days later the left * the same way. The spermatic cord * *, * *, the size of a * *, * * account of * had to go to the hospital. This man * * * * * * *, * * * * * * he had no * of mind.
There is a similar * in an * * which was * * *. * described a student * law, of delicate * at the age of * * * up to *. * * until the age of nineteen, when he * * state of *, * * that his * felt as * by a circle of *. * said that a * * * him that his * * * * or the * of disease. After that, he * * * * * * *! *" Driven by *, * * * * attempt at * * *. He was placed in an * * * *, * *, he took advantage of the first * * * * of his *, when the * *. * * * * * * *, * * * *, * that his * * trying to * *, * * a sharp * * * * * to the *. * * the severed * * * * *. The hemorrhage * *, * * by the formation of * over the mouth * * vessels. The wound * * * * * weeks, and * * from the hospital, * and apparently * * * *.
* * the case of a * * * * who had * syphilis, and *, no doubt, that * * *" he had * * means of avoiding * the future * * * * * at the * days after his * to the hospital * asked to *, * that he intended to become an *, * * of his * as well as of his * appeared to * * * * condition to the * of that *. * * a somewhat similar * * *.
* * of a single * * * * * * *. * * an incomplete history of syphilis. * * * * he became a * * and greatly * * under the * that he was * * * * * a string around the penis and * * * * below the glans. * * the string, * *, to enable * * *, * * * * *, but he * *. In the * * there is an account of a * man who, * * *, * * * *, and was found in his * with blood. * * * * cut off * *, and the skin of the scrotum * * * * * * * * *, but not *. A small * was made to cover the * * on a line with * *.
There is a record of a *, * * * * *, * * *, who on * *, * * * book, without * * *, * * a single * * * * * together with *. * * arose from the * * he had been * * * * * * to his mother * * * *, * to her: * *; * do not want * *" To all * from his * * * * * * *, * * no reason for * *. * made a good * at the hospital. *, *, * of a similar * occurring during an attack * *.
* * the history of a young man of nineteen * * to his * * * * * * on the edge * * * * * * down to the *. * * * * * *, and as the spermatic cord * * * injured, and hemorrhage could only be arrested * * * * *. The reason assigned for this * * was that he had * * * * * * * * and depressed in spirit *. * * * for two years and ascribed * * * cause. Although * * was that of a *, * * * *. Since the injury he had had normal * * * *.
* * the case of a * * * who, in a * * * after being several days with a *, * * * to his * * * * scrotum and * * * testicle with a * *. The missing * * * * * * covered with *. At the time * of this injury the * * * * *. * relates the strange case of * *, * * * *, who was found * 1879,
with extensive * of the scrotum; * said that he * attacked and injured by three *. * * to the * * out of the three, and these were transported to ten * *. * * he was * * * of the external genitals, and again * he had * * by four men who had * * injury, but as * * * * * * that there be no *. * his death on * * * that he * *, and that the * * * was not aware of any * * as to his sexual organs, * he had an attack of * ten years before * * * very little over *. There is an account of a * * * to lead * * life," and on two * * * *. * * aid in * of this idea. * for a third *, * * * *.
A case of * by a * who was * in the * * * is related * *. * * * * from a * and cut off the whole * *, * * * * the parts into a * * * * *, but it takes a * * * * *" * * * *, and then * * *.
* describes an * * * *, * * *, * cut off * testicle with a wire *, * the second with a *. * * * * of his * * * * * * * *, * the skin by striking it with his hand, and then * * against the * * * * *.
There is on record the history of an * medical student * * * * both eyes and * them on the *. * in a state of acute *, and the * * * as a *" * * he had been * * * of the eye, and particularly * * *. * * * * by the same * that of a young * *, * * * * * * * in a state of * *, * * * *. In such cases, as a rule, the * are the * *. There is a * * * * of a woman * who had borne children in rapid *. * a child * * * * * * *, * *, * reading the Bible. Coming to the passage, * right eye * *, * * *, *" * * * with the necessity of * * * * * * * eye with a *. There is * case of a young woman who cut off * * hand and * * the fire, * attempted to * * eyes, and also * * * * in the fire. * * * * a female * * * * * * * *.
* * * account of the case of * *, * * * * *, who was * to the * * * * *, *, * *, * * *, suffering from simulation of *. * * * * * * wrist and right *; * * * * * *" because she * *, and again * * * below the *, * * skin and fascia, and * * the muscles in *. * weeks later * repeated the latter * * * of the * * *. The right * *, * * * * *, culminating in * affected the glottis to such an extent that * * to save * *. * weeks after * * * * * *, * * * * * * same place. In the following *, for the * * * repeated the *, but this time * * * in the *. Six months later * * * * * in length, in which * * pieces of * * splinters, and five *. * *, * * for the last time. The following * * * * arms and *: * pieces of glass, *, * *, * *, * *, and one * * * which were * * * *.
*" * * type of * is the * sometimes seen in * persons of * * * * * * *. * * * * * * * * * body, in the course of * * * *. * * * came from * on the shoulder. As all the symptoms in this case *, it was * that during an * * * * * * *; but as she * of an * it seems more likely they had entered the body through *. There is an instance in which * * * a young * *. * describes a woman * * in prison * *, * * * * * * * * * in the chest * the heart. * * was to * * them, and * * * * with a *. An autopsy * * of the * had reached the lungs, * * * *, on the back part of the right *; * * * * *, the anterior portion of * * * * by a needle, and several of * were found in the liver. * * * the body of an * female. The * * * * a suicide by the penetration of a * * *. There were * * in this region, and in * the needle * left in situ and fixed by *. In 1851
the same * * of an instance in which * * from the limbs of a * *. It was said that * *, with her * full of *, * * * * *, * her to start and * * *. * * report of a woman who * * numbers of *. * * * * * * * * * were found in * and duodenum. There are * known as *" * * * * * * * * * * *.
* * * * * * in the body are quite well known. * records the finding of a * * * *. * * one that * * way to the hand. * of a case in which a quantity of * * * the muscles, the bladder, and vagina; there is * in which the * * many years * * *. * * * contain a record of * of a * from the skin of the arm after it had entered * *. *, *, *, * * * *. * * * account of a * * * * by the bladder * * *' * * * *. * * * * *. * of an old * * * on a needle * * * * *; * passed from the injured * to the other * it was extracted. * * of a * * * in the right *, * * * * * * from the knee. * * * account of * entering the digit * * out of the body by the anus.
* as it may seem, * * of a * * entering a vital * or organ has been the indirect cause of death. * of a * who died in consequence of a * of a * the nail * * of the end of the thumb. * * a similar instance in an old *, * the symptoms given, the direct cause * * * modern times *, *, * * * * * death has followed the * of a *: * * * * * on the fifth *.
* * * * * * of the world in general for a *, in some * low in * *, * * is sometimes * * * * * * *. In the same manner * have been * solely for * *. * * * of these instances in *, but it * that a case comes under the immediate observation of * * *. There is, however, on record * * * * * * * * to the * * * * a pair of * * * *: Some months previously a * * * * * and made a good business by showing * * of his legs, and the feet that had * * * about his *. * one day * out of * of a * who had * * * *, * * down by a * in the * * *, * taken to the hospital, * he was * * * * * * of his *. * * * * * * * * that he had * * * *, * about a *. He had * * about his *, * * * * * * * them, and increasing the * two or three *. For a * * * * * when the bones * * * * *. At the end of * and a half he was able to * * * * * * * * cutting the dry bone. Such * to be quite common in *, and by * * * * be found.
* * * * * is a * instance of *. In a paper * in the * *, * a most * account of the *, the duration, and the * * * * are given. * of the foot by means of * requires a period of two or three *' * the desired effect is produced. There is a * * *, which is most severe during the first year and * after the binding of all the joints is * the binding the * at night * across the *, * * on the edge of the * in such a manner as to * under the knees, * * the parts * * the major degree of pain. In this *, * * * * *, the poor * * * * * *. During this period the feet are * * * only. The operation is begun by placing the end of a * * on the inside of the * * * * * * * *, * * under the foot. * * * * is reversed so as to compress the *. The young * is then * for a month, * * * is removed the foot is often found * *, one or two * * * * lost. If * is thus * for two years it becomes * * *. By this time the calf * * lack of * bones are attenuated, and all the parts are dry *. * * the leg * * * * adipose tissue, but the foot always remains *. * process is said to exert a markedly * * * * character of the subject, * * *, and is very *.
To show how * some of the feet of the * women are, * * of the accompanying *, taken from a paper * on the "Feet * * *" is from a * * * * * * * *. * which it was intended to fill must have been * * * * * take up a certain amount of space. * is a * of a photograph of a foot * * *, * * appearance of the * due to prolonged immersion in spirit. * * * the characteristics of the * * * * * *, which is raised * about an * the level of the great toe; the sharp * * by the altered position of the os *, * * * of the foot in front of the *; the straight and * * great toe, * * of the smaller * * the great toe. * * we have a photograph of the skeleton of a * * * * * * * diameter. The * * * * * is almost * *, with a slight *, forming a right angle with the bones in front of * *. The upper * of the * surface of the * is not in contact with *, the latter being * * * *, the lower portion of the posterior * on the * with a new surface on the * portion of the * * shape of the bone closely resembles that of a * marked contrast to its * condition and * * * *. Extension and * * * are only limited by the * of the ligaments; * * * from the conformation of the bones. * is almost of normal shape; * * * * *, * on the inner *, * * * * articular surface. The cartilage on the * portion of the * * *. The head of * is very prominent on the outer side, the * * * * * away from it. The * surface is prolonged in the direction of the *. * *, in addition to its *, * * on the * *, * little more * * width of the dorsal surface. The * * * * * forward, so that the upper part of * articular surface is not in contact with the *.
* * * is described in the * * Review of St. *, *, * * * * *. *, and he was * * * * * * * * to break * leg in order to * for the * *. *, * * * * leg, and was compelled to use *. At the time * he had succeeded in * * * *, * * * fracture. The Review * a newspaper * * * * *.
"According to the * * * * * as a * * who was to have charge of the * * in that * as soon as the line * *. * * * for a month * * found an * * * *, suitable for * *, when he * * through the * * * * to the * that he had * * *. He was carried to *, and after a * time, during which he * * with the * * * * * *, * to be * *, * * * * * * on a *, saying that he was going to *. Before the * * * out of *, * * * * * * * * * * *. * * story is in * * with the * of a * * * * * * * * * here, and, * * * *, * have sustained * for which he succeeded in * * from the *. He is described as a * *, * *, * wearing a * *. * * * in a * *, and having collected a good * * * for it, * * * * * * to earn a livelihood. * * argued that as * * * money in that line than in any other he was * * * talents to achieve distinction in *. But as it would be * * to lose * * * * * the idea * * with collecting the smaller amounts * * of the * * such an expert * * *.
* first appeared here in * *, it is *, * * the Life Association of *. * * * some
time in the hospital he was * on a * to an *, from which point the * * * * * *, * finally a point of * * and an agent of the company * sent to pay * *. * * accomplished the agent returned to the * * * * back to *. * when he was * to see * * * * on his * on the *, * * * over the ease with which he * * *.
* * * off a * * * * * claimed to have sustained * *, but in this case * * * * * * * to be an *. In
1879 he * into the * * at the * *, * * *. *, * *, * * *, * * out, with the * * that he * * * * * * into a * and fall *, as it was * * * for the company to stand. * * * * and several other * * * different times, it is *, * manages to get * * * * to carry * * for a year or *, by which time the memory of his * * out of * *, when he * * * *.
* * * on suicide * many instances of * * * modes of *. In the * * * * there is * case of *, in which the patient * * * * * abdomen and subsequently * * * portions of the omentum and * of the * * in Great * * * * *. * * *, * * * * * * who was * * leaving the world in * manner, and who * * to a * * * which he had * for the purpose, and * to it, * his life. On * * * * and the New * * * edition) of that * * * to the * *. * * *, *, * * * * * desperate and * determined to seek * as a relief from his * the various methods of * * * * * * taste, and * * * *. * * * constituents of *, * * to convert * * * *, * it with *, and thus * * *. * * * * * * * * * * in a separate * * * both with * of water. * * * * on his *, * in his *, * that as soon as the two * * into contact he would * like a * and his * * *. Instead of the anticipated result the most * * *, * * * so great that he * * * *, who took * to the hospital, * * * with the *, it was * his life would be saved. * * * * * * * in his * in the * * *; * * * * * by placing a round * * *, * * impacting in his * * * * * up in a *. In his * of Surgery" * * * that his * at the * entered into a conversation with his * * * * * in the *, during which the * * * *" * *, * to the * * * * had been at the same time * * * * on the anatomic construction of the neck, * * how a successful * in this region * *. At the close of the * * * * into the back area of his *, * * * * *, * * * in such * that there was no * * * *. It is * * * * * * * * * * *, * eliminating the excretory functions of the skin. * an old story of an infant who was * to appear at a * who died * * from the suppression of *. The fact is one well established * * after a full series of actual *, * * * * that in this respect * * *. * * states that in man * * * * by this process, at least for any length of * * * *. * * *" * die of the coating of tar they receive. * * * * forms of * * may be made * * on this subject, * among which is * * * *, *, * * *, * * * *, and also to the chapters on this * by various * on medical *.
* * * * * to the subject of * * * from the peculiar * * beliefs of people, we find pages of information * *. It is not only among the * * * that such * * *, but from the * they have had their * * * *. * *, particularly in *, * * * *, * * should be * fear, that it could not be destroyed, * * * was only * *, * * * * *, brought about * * * * and death. In the history of the * there was * * * called the *, who had * * to life. To them * * * *, and death was simply a change of *. * * *, *, * * in the presence *; *, according to *, * * * * * *, * * * *. Since this time, according to * *, * * * * to life in this * are counted by the thousands. * * * *, according to report, made it common in the * of that * to see * on its *, * * *, by voluntary *, * * * * *, the whole * * into the sea * * to their *. The same * * * result in *. According to * it is well known * * * of the * * *, * * * * to survive the loss of their * * order of the * * *, * * into the sea, * * * *. According to * * *, * * * was very rare among the *, * *, * *, * * * different from those *. * in particular had an * * *, * * period in their history of years there were * * * * *. * * * a marked * * the invasion of the * among the * *.
* *, as in *, there were *. * * *, * * * of the country, * * * in his * *, * * * * * the time of * * * *, * * * * *, * was in great * * *. * a great number of persons * * * * *, who had for their * the idea of *. * * *, as shown in the * * *, we find among the * a propensity for * * * * *. * * * * * in the * * * * * *. * * * * * * *. * * * * * always an * * * and death in the books of *. * * * *, * * * * * * * * * *" * * the advent of *, * as it did * * * * * *, * seem to disappear *; * * * * * * * * *. * * *, * * was at its height and the * * * * * *, * * of a reversion to the old *. In the * * * was still in *, but this was * * *; outside of a few * * * * our own * we must * * to the * for the * of such *.
In an excellent article on the evolution of * * * * * * *, *, *, *, *, *, *, * *, *, * * *, * among people who * * * * * in slight * * * * forms, but still in * * by the *, *, the people of *, *, *, *, *, *, *, *. * might be called mixed * * * * by the New *, * *, *, * *. Among those * simple but * are the New *, * *, * * *. * * * for their * * of compound * * are the * * *, *, *, *, *, * * *, *, *, *, * * people, the * *, * *, *, *, *, *, * * * * made a most extensive and * of this subject, and his paper is a most * to the subject. In the preparation of this * * * * from it.
The practice of * has its origin in other *, although the * * * blood in the * the sun. * * have a * of drinking the blood * *. Those of the * who were * * * blood of their *. Among the * * * * accounts of * * *. * * * for the ruling * on his * to be * * blood of a * *, * * brother, who is put * for the *" During a * * * of the * "took up stones and * * * * * * and bleeding." In * * * * * * * * * * of blood from * of the * who was to be * *.
At the death of their * * * met in large numbers and * * * from their * * * *. It is said that when * * * his death * * to be marked with a *; * *, one of *, followed the example of his *. * of "such as * and show * *" In the * it was not uncommon for a noble * to make * of his * with the greatest *; in fact, * * * * * * of superficial *, * * * * of the * * * * * of the possession of scars received in * * * than in * * * *.
* * * * among the * who made * * from the thigh to the knee of each * * * * * *. Among some * of the * * * * *; and among the *, for every * * * * * his father * * * on the front of * *. * of certain * *, * * * * * principally with the idea of * * to the women of their *. * * * * *, * * * * *, some are marked with * *, * * * *.
* * modern times there have been * expert in * * *, * * of various kinds * * * * * signs of *. We have seen * * * * * on the nose during the * for the purpose * * * * of this organ. * * of the artificial * * * * * * * was to make a * in the * * * was required, which would not be noticed *, and, with a very * *, remove a portion * *. Inflammation was * * in the skin * * *, and in a few days the wound, if such it may *, * *, and a * * was the result." It * possible that some of our * * * * * of necessity, * * * * to satisfy the * of their patients.
* * of the * * * of seven * * * * * * of their parents. Among some of * * it is quite * * * * * to be *. * * the people * * on the arms and *. * * * of this * * among the * * *, * * tantamount to *. * * among the *, after a * *, so great * * * * *, the blood will run * * calves, and * of skin and muscle * * * *. * * * it necessary for * * Government to stop some of the * * * * under their *.
A peculiar * * * is the amputation of a finger as a * to a *. In the * of the * * * * * * * * * * * a finger. * * *, * * initiation, the young * * up the * * of his * * to the *" * * willingness to give it as *, and he * it on the * * *, * * * * near the hand with a * of the * * * * * * * cut off a portion * * * as a * to the * for the recovery * * * *. * * have a * * off the last * of the * * of females * * * submission to * * * * *. * * * * a second time must have the * of her little * cut off; * * is removed * * *.
Among the * * to on the death of a king * * in the * *, * * in his *" * * knocking out from one to four * *.
Among the * * the age of * and the transition into * * * * * *, * * * are subjected to minor *. * * is used for * * *, while the * * * knocking out a *. Sometimes, in addition to * *, * * is required to submit to * * upon his back and shoulders, and should * * * * * of pain he is always * * * * * of a * * * * *, with a * of importance, that he must go * for a *, * he had grown to * *, and it was * * * * * * *. It is an obligatory * * * * to lose two or more of their * *. * * * * was that the * * made a law that they and their descendants * * * * * out in each *. * * * * requiring the extraction of the teeth of children * * as a very * service to their *. * * out a * * between two of their *; and the * * * * file or * * * the same *.
* * are very ancient, and although * * * are still to be considered under the * * *. * of hair to the dead as a *, has been * * * * *. * * we find * * * * * *, and thereby * *. * the Great * * * * * * *, *, and it was * that his death * by the * * on his * * after his hat * * *. Both the * * and the * * * * * * to the dead. * * * * * * * * * * * * * to the sun, * *, etc. It is said * * * * *. * * * * by the * * * * * * * from his beard and was * * *. In the * * we find * * * *; * * * * * * * * * * have done * *, and with their * * * * *. * * * * *, * * * * * * * of the *' The association between * * * arose from the * of taking * * *. * * among the * * *, and was * * the indigenous * of this *. * * * who took the most * * the most *.
* * of the prisoners of the * * * they were * * * * *, and the * * on the * of their *. In this manner * see that long * among the indigenous * * *, *, *, *, *, *, * a sign of * * *. * * * of the * * is well known in the *. Wishing to divide their * *, * * * whether to cut off the hair * *, * * *, so as to reduce them to * of subjects, or to kill *. * * of various * the greater *, * distinguished by their * * * *. In all * * * * * * * hair, and the belief * strength and * * * * *. * is always * * * * *, * * of hair and a long * * attributes of the sun. * * * are compared * * * * on the face of the sun. When the sun * * * place to the *, or when the powerful * * * by the * * of the * *, * * *, through which * * * *, are cut * * * of his * * * *, according to the meaning of the name). The * *, *, called the *" * * * the solar *, *, until the latter * * *. * * *" means the sun, * * * * of hair, the number of the planetary bodies. In view of * * it seems quite possible that the majority * * on the scalp originated in *, * * * and changes in * * * the Middle *. * * * *, * *, *, * of the *, that he * * * *, and by this * hold for the future the place of * *. To make * * *, * * * * * * * * to be *. Among the * * * * * *, and it was * * of the * of their *, * * * of a relative * * * * *. Among the * of the head was a * *, and among the * * the hair * * * * *, * for a * for a * *. According to * * * * * *. * * that during an eruption *, * * cut off part of his own *" * it into the torrent (of *.
* * * the pubic * * under the special care of the devil, and with great * * * to remove *. * inhabitants of some portions of the * * * * * * as fast as they appear. A * * * * * * is to rid themselves of * * of the *. * * *, consisting of equal parts of * * * * into a * * *. It is said that this * is not essential in *. One of the * * * * * among the indigenous * * * * * * * * * from the body, the candidate * required not to * of pain during the *. Formerly the * * * * * teeth and * * * * *.
* * * * the ear is very *, mention of it * made in * *, * in which we find that if a * * * six years, * * * *, but if * said that he * * *, and his wife and * did not * to leave * house, the master * * before the *; * according to the passage * * * * * * to the door * * * *, * * * * * * * with an *; and he * * *" All the *, * *, *, have the * * * * *. The days * * were performed * kept as *. * * * * the ears for the * *, typical of * and found in all * *, * * prevalent among our own *.
* * in this * are the *, * represent the most * * * of the * *, * * * * * * *. They have a * * * by inserting in the lower * * ears and in their * * * * * * * * *, * * protrusion of * lip and a * * *, as shown in * * * is a peculiar * originating in various *. The materials used are *, *, *, * *. * time this * was used in the * to indicate * *. Both sexes of the * * have a * * indicative of their * * *. * *, * *, * *, have three * * * other people * * * *, * * * *, *, * * *, among the *, * *, and adds that these races are * * * *. Of the * the women * *, possibly as a method of *.
* * of the people of *, seen by *, * * * * to have a * significance, as it * many instances *, *, crescents, and * of men and *" Every one of these people * * * *. According to * *, * * * * all of the * * * * * * and feet, and sometimes on the thighs. * * * of the * * *, and is not permitted * *. * * * of the * * * * or the * of each man is indicated by a * of it on his *. * * *, *, * that on his visit to a great * *, which contains more than *, * * * legs. The origin of the * he was unable to *, but in * * was a sign of *, * * * * * books of *, * * * * *. * * that among * * * * * women are distinguished * * * * from the lower lip to the *; * * that when a young woman of this * * * * * * * * the figure of a child * *. After they * * * * * * * * lines; and when an * * * * * * * she is regarded as a * * * * * * * * * to an extent * * by any other people, and it is * * *. * * *, * states that the * * * * England and * down to the *. This was the * with the *. * * at one time, about the * * of Our * * * * * *, * for a small sum of * produce a design * of the * * * *. * * * * is pursued * *.
* * in some of the * * is used as a means of * *, the survival of the * * * to the *, * he would * for life and * if he *. * * * * of a case in * clinic. The patient, * * * * * in height, * * * * to foot with all sorts of devices, such as *, *, etc., and across * *, *. Not a * * * * * had been * from the process. * * * this man had been a leader of a band of *, * to invade * *, and, together * * and a *, was ordered by the * * * * to be * in this manner as a *. * * *' * * to carry out * * * * * * to the * * the entire day for this * * * * * * * * *. * such as this * * * *, who have caused themselves to * * * * purposes. The * represents the appearance of a * *" * *. * * that his * was done *. The design * on his * is a copy of * of the * * surrounded by *.
* * * * the arms, chest, or back is quite prevalent, and particularly among * * *. * of this * are sometimes quite *. * * * * in this manner, and * * have collected cases of syphilis acquired in * * the case of a young * who had * of his * * upon his * *. At the * * * small, red, * * * * * points in the * *. * * * * *. When examined these ulcers * * * *, and there was upon the body of * * * * *. It was * * * * the operator * * * * * * *.
* * * * * showing the condition of the arms of two * suffering from tuberculosis * *, who had been * in the process of * * was done by the brother of one of the * * * the last stages of *, and who used his own * * the pigment. The cases * under the care of * *, * whom they had been previously *. * reported the case of a * * * *, * after an extensive * of the left *, * *, swelling, and tenderness of the left *. A day * * * *, but rapidly *. * *, *, * * * * involved in *, and a cardiac * *. * * as a complication, * for a time to the left * * spreading to the right, where * * * the joints. The last, *, * * a general, * * * and a * *.
* of the male and female * * * for the prevention of sexual * is a very * *. * * * * to prevent *, * change in the voice, and * the same * * * * *. According to *, * others, the * * * * guard against * * * * * *. In an old * work there * * of an * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * through the end of the penis. In one of * * * of these * * * * * * * and fail to place * * * * * *" * * * when he * * * *, * * * * * *. For such purposes * * * * a more * * *.
* by a * in the prepuce was used to prevent * *, and was in time to be removed, but in * its function was the preservation of * * some of the * * * * there were * * * to a life of *, and, in the *, * * was the *, * * * * an enormous * *, which was * * * * * women. It is said * * * in some * * * that people * on their * * below the *, * * * *.
* * the usage of * * *, * * * * * * * * in females for the preservation of *. * * * able to preserve * * * * * * in the * * *, * * * * *, *, * * * authorized by * * this reason the lips of the vagina * closed by * *, *, * *, * * as to * *, * * *. * * * were used for those * *. * * * * against the * * was not free from the * of the *. * * Ages, in place of *, * *, and in the * *, such as the one * * * * * *, both the anus and * * * * * * * for the *. * *, particularly in * * *, according to *, the labia * * *, * but a * * *. * and Brown * * *, the parts * separated by a * at the time *. * * the women were protected by a * or a * * * and skin which, according to * * * * *. * * * * * * * *, as observed by * in the *. * * this operation was performed at about the age * with great *, and when the time for * the vulva had to be opened by *. * *, * * *, * * * *, according to *, at the time of the * * * tries to prove * * by using only * * * * * * *, but if he * * * * aid to * *. * * * * in The * * * * * * * * * * * of a * among the * * * the clitoris and * in the young *, * * * walls of the external * so that they * and leave only a urethral *.
* * * * * is occasionally seen at the present day in * countries, and some cases * * * are on record. There is *, * * * *, the trial of * * * of a * * on his *. * * * * * her private *" *, before the New * of Medicine, * reported a case of pregnancy in * * *. The patient * * * in the * * * * * disease, and being * * *. * was a * * *, had been * several years, and * * of several *. * * * * * holes in the *. When he * * * *, * * him that she had been * by her * * * * in this region. Her mother, prior to *, * * over to the care of her * * * * * some months *. On her * * the labia minora, * her to be * * * she had * * * * on a *, * * * he had * * habit of * * * * *. Strange to relate, * *, *, had ever * about the *. In this * * * * * * * * * * did not * * *.
* * has been used as a means of * *. * * * * mentioned this fact, * * a case in this country in which * * * was cured by *. In this instance * * * in two * * by a *, * * * *. were introduced into the * * * *. On the eleventh * one of the * *, and a fresh * introduced in a new place. A cure * * * *. There is recent * made of a * * * by a * * over the * * * *. In cases of children the key was to be * the parents, but in adults to be put in some part of the * from the * *, the theory being that * * * before the key could be obtained.
Among some peoples the urethra * * up as a means of * *, making a * near the base of *. * * that the women of a certain * * * * while they *, while the men * has shown that the women * obliged to stand * account of elongated * and labia, while the men * * * * account of the termination of the * on the inferior side of the base of the penis, * * in order to prevent *. In the * *, *, there is an account of some of * of the Central * * * *. * to make an opening into the male * * * * *, and another was to * up the entire * so far * * but a single * from the scrotum to the glans * * * * * that it is a * * * * of the male of the * *, * *, * * * * describes an operation * of the penis among the *; * * * * * * among the * * * * *, *, * * *.
* is a * of great *. The Bible * * records of this subject, and the * on some * * * * * * *. * * traces of circumcision * excision of * * * * that the * * * as a * * than as a *. * * * * * * from the *; * * * that the * * * * * *.
* and others say that in the early history of the * *, *. * and his * did not * *, * *. * and his * * * * that the * take a * * * from the * * body. In his * *" * says that among the modern * * * unusual for a * * * * members of persons * *; * * says that, according to *, * * * *; * * * of the * * *. * * * * * portion of the world, and by various * being a civil as well as a * *. Its use * is too well known to be discussed here. It might *, however, that * * *, * * *, * * * due to * of the prepuce. *, * * * * in the female, is * * * * * * * * * * * * * *, * is made to the * * * bodies of females by the ancient * * * says that ablation of the ovaries is a * * *, and that he had the opportunity of * * of the women who had been operated on in early life. * * * * * and muscular, * * * *, and the normal growth of pubic *. The pubic * * *, and the vaginal * *. * * had never *, * * to be no * *. * found that one * most primitive of all * * * * for the * * * * supply of *, without the danger of * population by * *. * * * * female at * * who had been * * * *, having been * *, she would * * * * * *, * * * * * *.
* has long been *, * for the production of *, * *, * * * *, * *, as a * * *, * *, *, and as a surgical * * *, * relief of hypertrophied *. * * * * in origin, and was particularly used in *, where the * * * was to * * * * *. They were * *, * men, and * for their * *. The history of * * * *. The ancient * of Job * * *, * * * * before the time of *; the King * *, is said to have * * of both * * * * *. * * * * * *. All the great * * * * *. * the Great * * * *, * *, * *, *. * says that the * * * takes place in the * * *, *, *. * * are the * * * * is a small fraction of one per cent. * * * is to encircle the external * organs with a *, and then * them off at one *. * * * those who retain their * are of but little value *. * * * * * into three classes: * *, those with a * but no testicles, and those * testicles and *. * describes the * in Central *, * * upon the absence * after the *, * * the attention * * operators to the successful, * * *. * says that, except those who are degraded * of sexual *, these individuals are *, *, * *, * * * * of them.
* * a description of the * methods of making * * *. * * follow a * * * keep it in their families * * * *; * * * equivalent of about for the * patient is * in a * * by an * * * hold the legs. After excision * * * * three times with a hot * * *, * is covered with * * * * water, and *. Supported by two men the patient is kept * * * * hours and then * *. For three * he is * to drink, and is not allowed to pass * *, * * filled with a * *. * * * * * * for the wound to heal, and two per cent of * are fatal. There is * incontinence of urine * * time after the *.
Examples of * because of excessive *, * * * * quite rare and are usually * *. The author of *, * * *" * that there were more than * among the * and others of *. * * * * * this practice, and describes * a terrible *; but in * of the declaration of the * * * *, for some time, * continued to * numbers of these victims. In * an article * * * * * * * * * *. * * for the production *" * * *, has almost * * * the ancient * * * amputation of the * * * for certain * of the nature of *.
* as a * * * played a considerable role. With all their might the * * * * * * * of the * * *, * * * equivalent to *. At the * of the * * * *) it was * of young * to make * * * * *, and a similar * * * * * * * * of this * * * * *. Some of the * * * * * about the age of * *.
* *, * * * *, * possibly the most famous of the people of this *. * * * * members of this * to hard * *, but has been unable to * * *. * * of the government, has * * *. * have appeared in * * *, *. and there is an * in the St. * * *. The name * means "the *" and they * the "White *" * * * * * * *. * * * *, * *, * * * *, and after * * * * in an * *. After an *, * * * to a hospital. Later the * * *, converted by *, set the * free and * * were all * * and even at the Court. * * of these people is the * * *, especially the *, to the *, and they contrast the * * of these * * * *, * * * *, and the * of the "White *" For the purpose of * * * * foundation of their * * * * * * * *, "and there be * * * * for the * * * *" etc.; and *, *; * *, * are the *" *, * of this *. As to the * *, * * * * *, * * * * of the * * * with that of light. * * to join the order by * offers. Another method * take into * * *, * * * lost to * * * * * *. They had * * communicating with one another, and * * * *, a fact that * accounts for their *. The most * * * "worthy of * * *" * * of the * *" * * of the *, penis, and scrotum. * * * among these people was performed at one stroke or * different times, in the former * * * * * in the latter two. The greater * * * to the "first *" * * * * * * testicles and scrotum. These people * to have lost the "keys * *" but to retain the "key * *" * *. * instruments of excision * *, pieces of glass, * *, * bone, and old * used. Only * fatal cases resulting from the * *. * *. * * * a rich * * * * * his own * * * entered into the "first *" * * * able to remain * * over a year, and they * to their * * * * *. * of the order do not have their * *, * * * upon the external genitals, * * *. The first * is obtained by * * * to the nipples, the second * amputation of the * or both, the third by diverse *, * * *, and the fourth * resection of the * or of * * clitoris, and the superior * *, * of which would * the vulva. * * appearance of the external * organs of a male * *; * those of a female. * * * * * * * * * at the time of report *. * came from * * * * * as the * *.
* * *.
* TYPES AND INSTANCES OF DISEASE.
* * tumors and similar * * * will be made to describe in detail the various types. * * * * *, * for their size * of involvement, will be mentioned. It would be a * to decide which was the largest * * *. * * so many * * are recorded * * can be given *. Some of the large cystic * already been mentioned; these are among the largest * tumors are recorded * * * *; * * affected with * may attain * * * * * with a report of a tumor that * *, the patient * * * at death. * will be considered *.
* adenoma of the breast is a rare *. * * able to collect * *; * * * to this condition * is known as diffuse hypertrophy of the breast. In some * the world, particularly in * * *, *, * are signs of *. On the other hand we learn * * * that, like *, * * * * * *, the signs of * * *, and regularity of *. In the * * * the breasts are never * * * or enlarged. * * * says that the * * * have the most * breasts in the world; in fact * are so * of the regular contour and * * separation of their * that they refuse to * * in the natural *.
The amount of hypertrophy which is sometimes seen in the * * *. * * that he knew of a woman * *, each of * * * * *, * * them in * * * * *. * * * of sudden onset of hypertrophy of the breast * * the postmortem it was found that the left * * * and the right *. * * * * at an interval of * * between the *. The mass * * * of the *.
* * of hypertrophied * in a * * *, the right * * * *) and the right
3500 * *. * * a case * glands in a woman * *, *, * * space of a year, reached the combined weight of * * * *. *, *, * have reported instances of the removal of * *. * * * * * * of the right * which increased * *. At the age of * * * had been * * in the space of a little over five years, and at * the right * * down to the anterior * * * *. * * *, and its greatest * *. There was no * in this *, * * was in * *. This case was one of * and not an example of *, * * *. * * a case of * hypertrophy of * which was operated on by *. The right breast in * * * inches and from the * the nipple * * long, the circumference at the * *; the largest circumference of the left * * *; its length from the * to the nipple * 14
inches, and its * at the base *. The skin * and thickened. * * * were to be * * masses, the size of *. * * the growth to be a * *. A peculiar case was * before the * *. The patient was a young * * * and a *. After a * *, just as the * * *, * found that the breasts * rapidly increasing in size; * * obliged to leave * * account of * size, and finally the * * so great as * her to keep from the public view. The circumference of * * * cm. and of the left cm.; the pedicle * * * cm. and of the latter *; * * * of a * *. * * *, * * * had failed; but she would not * *. * * years the hypertrophy * *, * this fact, * found a husband. * * * *, but she * unable to * either of * children, the breasts * * * * * * * to such a degree that, at the age *, * * *, the circumference of the * was only cm. and of the left *. * * * * * * to the *. When the * * * they were still less * * seemed to * * * mass of *, * *, traversed by * * * *, the mammary glands * almost entirely absent.
* hypertrophy of the breast is occasionally seen in the male subject. In one case reported from the * * *, a man * *, after a * * on the * * enlargement of the *, * * of the testicle and loss of sexual *.
The names *, *, * * are applied * to all tumors of the thyroid gland; * *, several distinct * among them that are *, *, *, deserves a place *. * *, * gives the following classification of *: Hypertrophy of the thyroid gland, which is * rare disease; Fetal adenoma, which is * of gland tissue from the remains of fetal * * *; * * * adenoma, which * * enlargement of the acini by an accumulation of *, and an increase in the * tissue by a * round cells. It is this latter form in which * * found. The accompanying * * * ease of cystic * shown by *. A strange * tumors of the thyroid is that * * * the trachea do not take place in proportion to the size of *. A small tumor of the middle lobe of the gland, * * * * egg, will do more damage to the trachea than will * tumor, such as that shown by *, * *. * * * * this size, * * * by the weight of the tumor making * away from *. * is endemic in some *, * * * *, and appears particularly at the age * or of *. * * in this country * containing an excess of calcium * * * of endemic goiter. * of the thyroid gland * recent years been successfully *. * * one lobe of the thyroid * * * * common carotid on the same side. * * * of the tumor and * the bleeding * *. * * * * *, * *. * * * * * one of * * * * * *. Although the * * * removal of * * for tumor has been * * * *, *, *, *, *, and others, the * at the present * seems to be that complete * the thyroid gland, except for malignant disease, *. * * of the thyroid gland is *; * * * * * * * * * arteries in the treatment of tumors of the thyroid gland.
* of the * * * * is the skin. * * of the skin sometimes occur in * * cover the whole surface of the body; they are * * * tumors of enormous size. * * * * *. * represents a case * * of the skin shown by *. * * somewhat similar case in a man * *, under the care *. * * * * * *, * * * of a tumor which he described as a *" * he was found to be covered with a number of *, ranging in size from that of a small * to that of * *; from the thoracic wall over the lower * * * right side * * a large * tumor, which * as far as the upper third of the thigh. * said that it * been as long as this, * * * * *, * * * the skin over the lower part of the * *. This large tumor was * *; * of fibrous tissue, with large veins * * *. * * * * *. The patient * * *.
* * * of the true skin, which may develop spontaneously or in a scar. Although the distinction of true * * has been made, it is generally *. * * a true * * is found once in every * *. It is, however, particularly the false * * arising from *, with which we have * *. This tumor may arise from a scar in any portion of *, and at any age. There seems to be a * * * and individuals to *, and among * are quite common, and often of * * *. The form of injury causing the * * * in the production of keloid, * * of an insect, * of a needle, and even the * * * * * causes of * among the * * describes a * * *, * * * * * * * produced by diverse *. * * * * * * * * * * * of hot *, and several months later * *, * * *. When a young * a tumor * from the front of her neck by *, * * * * like a band * * * * * * * * *, * * * * *. On her *, over, and following * of the ribs, * * attributed to the * by a *. This case was * remarkable for * shown to * at an early age, and the * factors in causation.
* * * * his observation at the * * * * * * * * * * *, * *, * * *. * * this remarkable case was published in * * * A lipoma is a tumor consisting of adipose tissue. When there is much fibrous tissue in the tumor it is much *, and is * * *. * describes a young * * * *, from whom * * * * * *. The growth * * * * * * at the time of * * as an enormous mass * the left *. In operating the tumor had to be * * *. The hemorrhage * slight and the patient * in five *.
The true * must be distinguished from * accumulations of fat in different parts of the body in the same way * is distinguished from *. * * as a * soft tumor, more or less *, * the skin. It sometimes * enormous size and * shape of a * *.
* *, occurring in the neck, * gives the patient a * and peculiar *. It is generally found in * to the use of alcohol, and occurs between * * years of age; in no case has general * *. In one of * cases a large * * over the clavicle. The growth has been found between * and the pharynx. * * a remarkable case of * in a child one year and five * * * * * abdominal cavity, * * * and two * * a case of lipoma of the parietal * * *. * * growth was * * * *, * to the knees. It had * origin in * * region, and was covered by the skin of the * side of the face and *. The left ear * * in the upper third of the growth.
*, * *, is a cartilaginous tumor occurring * * cartilage is normally found, but sometimes * * * *. * may be composed * *, such as is found in the * * * bone and the periosteum, and, according to *, * the name of *. * has divided * * * which he * *, * * cartilage, and those that grow * * * * *, * latter are in the great * is often found on the long bones, and very * the bones of the hands or on the * *.
* represents an * of the thumb. Multiple enchondromata are most *, and may attain * * describes a * * * * * * of the fingers, which he * *. His family history was negative. * * at an early age * received a * * *, * * * for some time. * * * * * could be in * * with his * * months after * * there was * * * the middle * of the * finger, and about the same * * on the middle *. * all the joints * * * * involved. The enlargement * * * the age of * they were of the size of *, * * time the patient began to notice the same process * the left hand. The * continued to develop, new *, until the fingers * the appearance * *.
One of the most frequent of the * tumors is the "mixed cartilaginous" tumor of *, which grows in * tissues of the parotid gland, and sometimes * *. * * the photograph of a * * * * growing from the left * *; * is a photograph of a similar case in the * * * * * *, *.
The hyaline * is of slow growth, but may at times * * *, as is shown in the *, given by *, of a patient in whom the * in the *.
* there is * the description of a peculiar growth which, though not * *, may be * * *. * an enormous * *, * from the clavicle * * *. Contrary to general * * * removed by *, a surgeon * *. * *, * * long and * *. It is said this tumor followed the * * *.
Among the benign bone tumors are * * differing from *, as they * involve a limited * the circumference. * *, * *, * * may be found on any part of *, * * many and generally * * at the *, as is shown in * * * had a case of a * * *. * * a young man * * * groups of * * * portions of the body; they were * * * *.
* * * cases of multiple *, both in males, and * distributed over the body.
* of the * * describes an * of the bones) of the face known as * * * *. It is * that about one per cent of the * of certain * * * *, * *, are subject to it. As a rule * symptoms in childhood are: more or less *, * *, * * * from the *, and the formation of * the size of an * in the region of the * of the superior *. The cartilage does not seem * involved, and, although it is not so stated, the nasal * to remain intact.
* headache and * continue for a year, and the swelling * * * *, although the * *, the skin * * involved, and no * present. It has been * in young *. * represents a man * * * suffered from * * *. * on the eyeball * * * * * * expected that in two years he would * *. * shows an analogous *, * * * * of the nasal processes of *. * patient was a native of Great *.
* *, * * is of considerable interest, * for the extent of general * * *, * records the case of a * * in whom all the nerves * affected by * *. Not a nerve in the entire body * *. The enlargement was caused by increase in the *, * * * normal. In this case there * * * *.
* * the case of a * * * *, * * * *, * *, and during * * * *. At the postmortem more than * tumors were found * not only the * and the sympathetic, but also the cranial nerves and *. Under the microscope these tumors * * in the * as well as perivascular * * * were not increased in size or * * cases of multiple *. * * * * in another * * *.
Plexiform neuroma is always congenital, and is found most frequently in the temporal *, the neck, and the sides of *, but almost any part of the body may be affected. * * cases in which the tumors were * upon the * the neck. * * a case in which the tumor * lumbar plexus. * * *, * * * * * * neuroma of the * nerve and its * patient was a young *, and the tumor, which was *, * * * *.
Neuroma of the vulva is a pathologic *. * * a case in which the tumor was a * * situated near * *. * * * instance in which the * * * * *.
* describes a woman * * * * a marked type of plexiform neurofibroma. The growth was simply * * * * *.
* *, if left to themselves, * * * of the parts which they affect. * * * * *, a destructive type of *. The patient * * enlargement of the *. The same absence of glandular * was observed * *, in whom there was * *. * had in this case originated in the scar of a * * during the * *, and had destroyed the * the nose, the eye, the ear, * *, * * half of the upper and lower *.
* * a most * epithelioma of the orbit in a boy of about five years. It * *, * * * depicted in a few months.
*, * * * *, may attain * *. * shows an enormous sarcoma of the * in an adult * * are often seen * * *. * * * of this * which was * between the *.
* records a * case of * * * over the whole body of a * of the age of *, * * *. The author called the disease * * *.
The bones are a common * of sarcomatous *, the tumor in this instance * * *. It may affect any * rarely involves an *; at times * * * * goes to the * *.
A case of nasal sarcoma is shown by *. The tumor was located in the nasal septum, and caused a * *. * * * * *, the sense of * was lost, and the * the right eye *. * attempted to remove the * * consequence of some interference of respiration * * on the table.
* * * * instances of sarcoma, one in a white female of nineteen following a * of tibia. * * all the clinical history of an osteosarcoma of *, and was * * * after removal. * case, in a white male of *, the same * * * * for a large * * * *. The removed * * * * to the * * * *.
The fatality * * of malignant * has done much to stimulate * * * * * *. * * of the case * almost any * *, and many of the visceral *, * * organs, and * * that were * of in the early history of medicine are * * * * *, but even * *.
Varicose veins sometimes become so enlarged and distorted as to simulate the appearance of one * *. * * * case of congenital dilatation of the arteries and * the right * *, accompanied by an * * * of the os *. The affected * exceeded the * size by *, all the veins * * * *. The arteries were * distorted and could be * all over the *. The patient * * * * of the aneurysm.
* shows a peculiar * * of the finger in a boy * *. When a * the patient had, on the dorsum of the *, a small *, which was * for many years. * a deep * at the base of the thumb, * * * * the nevus began to enlarge *. * * * * * at the point of the scar * would have been diagnosed as *, but as a * be heard over the entire mass it was called an *, because it was believed there was a connection between * large artery and a vein close to the mass. There is * * * * * tumor of the ear of a boy *. * shows the appearance before and *.
* records a remarkable case of multiple *. This case was particularly interesting as it was accompanied by * *. * * * * case in which * * * * * an aberrant * artery. The patient * from a * *, * * for a few minutes, * * *. There was no evidence of any *, but the * greatly from *, * between the *, *. * * on auscultation and the difficulty * led to the belief that one of the bronchi * * the pressure of a hematoma. * continued to increase, * days after * * * was in great *, * * entering the chest. He had no * at the *, * * * unable to * either the temporal * * on the right side, although these vessels * * on the left side. * was done with the hope * a foreign body, but the * * on the tenth *. * * * the existence of an * * artery in the posterior mediastinum, and * * * of a traumatic aneurysm that had * * *.
Relative to the size of an aneurysm, * reported a case of the abdominal aorta * * at the origin of the * * passed on to the surfaces of the psoas * *, * to the middle of the thigh The total * the aneurysm * inches, and it * * *.
A peculiar sequence of an aortic aneurysm is perforation of the sternum * *. * * * * woman who died of * the aorta, * * * the sternum, the orifice * by a large *. * * * * which he * * * * * and notes that one * * * seven weeks after the rupture of * *.
* * * the meeting of the * * * held in *, *, * * * * of great *. The patient, a woman * * * * in height, *, * *, * * on her upper lip and *, and weighing *, was found in a * * *, *, * suffering from a * growth of *. The accompanying * is from a * * taken at the time of the first *. * * at the time were as follows: * at the *, just below the umbilicus, *; * * * *, *; from the * cartilage to * *, *, * including the *, * * in the picture. * suggested a fluid within a * * * * up to the extent of * * * * * with great difficulty and with a * * * * the better to keep "the center of * the base," and to enable her to sustain the * of the abdomen. * * compelled to pass * * *. * had been made * and two years before to * *, but only a few drops of blood * * of a large *. A diagnosis was made of * * * * * of the uterus, and on the * * an operation was performed. * * * in length was first made in the * *, * *, * * * up to the * * hemorrhage from the abdominal wall was very free, and * * * required the application of a * * *. * were found * the most difficult to * being those of the * *. The broad ligaments and Fallopian tubes * on either side, the tumor turned out, the *, * * * *, and the enormous * * * * * * * * placed on *, and it was found that she had * * the patient * symptoms of septicemia * on the fifth day. In * over the literature * * * found no mention of any solid tumor of this * been removed. * * *, * * * * *, * * an edematous *, * the uterus, which was * in weight. In a recent * * that the largest uterine myoma which he * * *, and adds that it * after the * believes that his *, * pounds, is * * *. * * the removal of a * of the uterus * *. The patient * * *.
It is quite possible for a * of the uterus * * an enormous size, * the ovarian *. * * * of this * in a * * *, the mother * *. * * years before a cyst in the * * * *. * * * * *: * * * * * knees, and the skin * * * that of an elephant. The abdomen * * * * inches, and * * * cartilage to the umbilicus. The umbilicus * * in diameter and three * in length. * * * * of fluid were removed by tapping, * *. * * * *. Death from * * * * * after the *.
* cysts, of which by far the greater * are of the glandular *, * extremely large tumors; ovarian * * dimensions are recorded * * *. Among the older * * * * * * * from which, by repeated *, * * * *. * describes a remarkable * * *' *, in which * * * * of fluid * *. In one * * * *. * * * * * *. * * of an ovarian cyst *, in ten *, pounds of fluid * *. * * records of * * * * *. * of an * * into a * * * *. * * * * describes the removal * ovarian cyst * * *, * * * * ovarian cyst from which, in *, 559
pounds of fluid * *. * * * * *. The tumor of * * removed and *. * * a case of ovarian cyst containing
132 pounds of fluid. The patient was a woman * * abdomen at the umbilicus * * * * * from the sternum to the *. * * the great * * * as far as the knees, * * * the thighs. * * * of a large ovarian cyst * *. * of the subject is particularly *. * a native * * affected with an * * at the * * * * *. * * * * * in height, and * years of * tumor had been growing for six years until the * the umbilicus * * * *; * * * * * and the * *. In the * *, *, there are photographs of this * * * saying that the patient was a young * * * * * * * * in height, * * was increased by an ovarian cyst to five * *. The tumor was removed and * *; * * of fluid. * shows the appearance * * two months after the *, when the * * to normal. * * * on a * *, * a tumor * *. * * the successful removal of a * * * *; and Wall * of a * after removal of an * of the same *. * * the appearance of * * * * death from an enormous * *. The tumor was * * *, * *, extended to the knees, and * *. * of a cyst * *; * one of *, *; *, *; *, *; * a tumor of * removed in the second * *.
* * the removal of an enormous ovarian cyst from a * * *. The tumor had been present three years, but * and her * * an operation until the size of * * *. * * * * * * *. The distance from the * to the * * * *. The tumor was covered with * the size of * *. The apex of the heart * * to the * and the umbilicus * *. There were * of a thick, * fluid in. the tumor. The * * * *.
* of St. * *, *, * removed from a * * * * ovarian cyst * * * patient was * to the hospital * * * history of a single *, * * place in * *, * said that in the latter * * * * * growing large. * * * * *, * * quantity of fluid * removed, and again in *, 1894,
and a third time in May, but without useful results. * * six months she had been almost entirely * of the great size of the tumor. There were no * to the bladder and rectum. At the time * * * * * * *, the eyes * sunken, and * had a * *. The chest * thin and the lower * *; * * at the lower border of the *, and the * * * felt in the third * * at the 4th * * in the nipple * * * * distended, and covered by large * * * upward to the thorax. * * * * there was a * with its * * * * over the whole *, * at the * with the lumbar *, and a * * * *. The greatest * * *. * * the cervix was found to be * up and * * * * * * * by the tumor. * * * * was performed. * * * * was made in the * of the abdomen. A cystic * of small cysts in its upper part and of somewhat * in the lower part, * *. It was adherent to * *, liver, spleen, and *. * * * and the cyst * with a large *, and then * between the cysts * broken down with the fingers. * * * small and was * in the usual *, * * * *. * * of origin was the left *. * ovary and the uterus * *, but poorly * * * * * * * * * on the * before the * * * a week after the *. * symptoms of * present during the * after the *, * * * to stimulation by * injections of * * * and of *, and after the first * the recovery * *. * * * most interesting points in the case are: the age of *, the enormous size of the tumor, and the advice * * * who first * the patient * * * should be performed). This case * * * * * * *.
In the records of enormous * * material of interest is to be found, and a few of the most interesting cases on * be cited. In the older times, when the knowledge of * and pathology of * * *, we find * of the most * *. Before the *, * * * * read the report of a case * size of the abdomen, and stated that the * * to the absence of one *. The circumference of * * * * * inches, and the distance from * to the os * * * * *. * * * * of fluid * * off from * * *. * * * * * * * one of *; there is recorded * * * * * *. There is an old record of a woman * who had suffered from * for thirty *. * * * times, and each time * * * *. During each of two * * * * * * *; one of her children was still *. It has * that there was a case in * of a person who was * times for *. * * a case of * in which
928 * of water * * * * * *, *, * *, * * *, * * * pounds of fluid * drawn from the abdomen of a woman * *. * describes a case of * in which, in
12 *, pounds of fluid were removed. In * * cases of * in one of which, by the means of *, pounds of fluid * * * * *. In the other * pounds of fluid * * *. There is a record of pounds of *" * * * *.
* * * contain the account of a case of * in which there were pounds of water in *. There are several cases on record in which * * * * *; * * * * * * *.
* * contains an account of a case of * in which there were pounds of fluid, and similar cases have *.
* * * * calls the largest quantity of * from the liver on record. * patient was a man * *, * * * disease of the liver, from whom * * * of offensive *.
* * a case, reported by *, in which, in a case of * disease, the stomach * pounds of fluid.
Ankylosis of the *, a rare and * *, has been seen in the human fetus * *, *, *, *. Ankylosis of all the joints, * * * rise to a condition that has been * * man." A case of this nature is described, the * * *, * *, * * * * of the right great toe, which were followed in the * years by progressive involvement of all the joints of *, and of the vertebrae * *, with accompanying signs of acute *. At the age of * * * * * * * *. All the joints * * and toes had become *, and from * * * *. There were no *, *, *, and the viscera * *; there were * * deposits, as an examination of the urine was negative.
*. *. *, * * * *" of the * *, has been examined by many physicians, and was * * * * * of his * *. * * * appearance in * * * of a man * *, born in * at the age of * * * * ankylosis of all the joints, and * * He was unable to move * * *, * * had to be extracted in order to supply * *. * * * * *; * * * * * * * * *. * * * *, after his * had ceased * lived a * *. * * * good, and his * were sufficient. The urine * * * * the slightest sign of free * *. * * * * *, and occasionally * *. * died in at the age of *, * * * of death. * * * deposited in the * * * * * * *. In the same * * * * *, but in this subject there was * * * upon the first *, the lower * * *, * *, arms, and some of the digits of the right * *.
* * man has been * found and * to the * * of Medicine. He is a * * * * * * * * years ago, * up the right side of *, * down the left side. He has * * to the * * *, * head is * to the left, and the jaws *. He can * * * arms and legs a little * *.
Akin to the foregoing condition is what is known as * * ossification of portions of the living human body other * *. Of the older * *, *, * speak of * of the arm. In the * there was a case recorded in which the muscles * were so * converted into bone that all * * *, * including the vertebrae, head, and *. In a short time this man *, as it were, * * * * head to his *, the only * * * * wrist and *. For over a century there has been in * * * * the skeleton of a man who died * * from the * * *. The muscles about the *, * * of the * * *) * converted into * of bone, equal to the original muscles in thickness *. Half of the muscles of the hips and * * * bone, and for a long time this specimen was the * of the * *. In the * of Man, * *, there was a case of * * * for many years. Before death this man * * * a solid mass of bony substance. With the exception * or two * * * * * *. He was * * * *, and his * * * * * * by his *, but the body * * and taken to * * *. *. * * reviewing the statistics of vesical *, * * anomalies in their size and weight have been * the older * the largest * have been found. * * of a * * * * *, * * * * * seen a * * * *. In his * * * * reports on 704
stones, and * that only nine of these * * *, and only two * *, and that with the last two * *. Of those * * * * * one of *; *, one of * *; * * *, * * *; *, *; * * * * * * * * * * * * that the largest * * * * * *, and that the patient * within four * * *. Before the * Society of * * * * * account of a * * * * * * * * * *, *; *, * * *; *, *; *, *; *, *; *, *; *, *; *, *; *, * *, * (from a woman); *, *; *, *; *, *; *, *; and there is * of a * * * * *. There is * * *, *, * * * * * the bladder of the wife of * *, * *, * * *. * * * * sent to * * * *. In his * * *" *. * * * * * * * * *; it had been * * of the * * * *, * placed in * * * *. It was said that the * died after *. There is a record of a * taken from the * an individual living in *. * * * *, * *, and six *. In the * * * there is a * * *, * * * * *. * * * * * * * * from a patient who * * * * * by the name of *, by the * * * * * * * * * * long and * *. * * * * * on a patient who died the next day after the removal * * *. * * * * * * * *. It was said that a * * * * * * * * *. * which was as large as the head of * child. It has been * * * *, * * *, who died at the age of *, had in * at the time of his death a * * * * *, and which was * from the ureters to the *, * allowing the passage of urine. * * * calculi are offered: by *, *; *, *; *, *; *, *; *, * *, *. * has collected * * * * * * *.
* * of stone in the bladder in very young children. There is a record of a * at one *, and another * *. * describes a stone in the bladder of a child * *. * * an enormous * from a young * * its nucleus in a * * * * *.
* * * the bladder contains a single *, but in a few instances a large number of stones * found to *. According to *, the most * on record is that of the aged * * *, * * *. * * * is said to * removed by * * more than * * a case in which * * * a large * * *. There is an old record of 32
stones having been removed from a man * *, a native *, of which were as large as a * *. * * * in the bladder of a man * * * removed before death. The largest * * * * * from the bladder of a *. * * records of numerous * * * *, * * *, *, * * *, in two years; and there is a * * in all * from a young *. * * removed from the bladder. An older * * * contains an account of * performed on * * *.
Occasionally the calculi are discharged *. * * the issue of a * through a * *, * are many * cases on record. There is an old record * * * * * * * by the penis. * * * * the bladder and * * *. * * a case in which a * * * * * in the * without any * * * through the same *. * * * * * * *; and calculi have * been known to * the umbilicus. * * the spontaneous * * * calculus; and * * of the discharge * * of enormous size.
Of the * * some are true *, * others are simply the result of * * * * and biliary calculi are too common to need * * are some * * taken from a patient at * Hospital and deposited in the * * *. The patient was a man * *. In the * were found a * * *, about 1000
small calculi, and a quantity of * dust. In the * there was a * * *, * * * * *. * * in this case * of phosphate of magnesium and *. * * *, *, * * a renal * * * * from a woman * *. * * shows the actual size of the *.
At the * * *, *, there are * * that were found * in a * * the removal of a * * * *. * * the removal of a * * * from the prepuce of an * * of seven. * * * of some * * removed from two * * * * by an * * * * *. * * * * were removed, and in the other * * * * * *. * * * to be very common among the * * * *.
* *, * * * * from the * * of a man, after a lodgment of twenty years. * a similar case, in which the * * * *. * * of a urethral * * in size for fifty years. * * * * the largest * * removed from the * * * long, and * in diameter; * * on the outside, very hard, and was shaped and * * * *. * dry weight * *. At one end * * surface that * with a similar surface on * * that lay * it; the latter * * * * * *, * * *. * * * * removed from the urethra of a boy of five. * * * * cases of calculi in the seminal vesicles.
* degeneration is seen in the ovary, and * * of a stone in the ovary. Uterine calculi are described by * *; the latter * that the * * * *. There is an old * of a * taken from * of a woman * *, *, * *, * * *. * * * of a * * with the menstrual *.
* in the heart are * by medical *, and it is said that two stones as large as * were found in the * * * * *.
* * of a * * from the mouth by a woman.
An old record says that * in the brain sometimes are the cause of *. * * the case of a * * * * *' *, * pineal gland * *, and the incredible size of a * *. *, and the *, speak of stones * * of the pineal gland.
* calculi are well known; they may * in any of the buccal ducts. There is a record of the case of a man * * * * pain and * *. * found that he had a * as large as a * * * *.
* calculi are sometimes seen, and * * such a case. There is a * record) of a case of * * *, * with abnormal *.
*, * *, *, * * * * of the eyelids.
There are some * cases of retention and suppression of urine on record. * retention of urine, that is, * passed into the bladder, but * in the * * *, *, or other *, * * any great length of time * * * * *; but suppression of urine or * may last * * * period. Of the cases * of urine, * * that of a man * * * * retention of urine * * *, * the obstruction of a uric acid *. * * * * * obstruction of the flow of urine * *. * * * retention of urine * * * the older * * * * * *; *, * *; *, * * *, *, *, * * *. * * * * retention of urine * * of the vagina * *. * * a case of retention of urine in a * of nineteen, due to accumulation of the menstrual * an imperforate *.
The accumulation of urine in cases of * is sometimes quite *. * * * * * * * *. * a case in which pounds of urine were retained; * * pounds of urine * * *. * * in which both * pounds of urine * * is a record at the beginning of this * in which it * * pounds of urine * * in a case *.
Following some toxic or * *, or in diseased *, suppression of urine is quite frequently *. * * * some remarkable *: * * * * * *; *, six months; * *, six months.
* describes a boy * * *, after an attack of scarlet fever, did not * a single drop of urine * * * * * when two * *, * * * *. * * * * * * * *, * * * * until the bowel * *. * * * * * of urine *; * that the kidneys * * the boy *. It would be no * to state * * * * * * * * *, * * during this period were so * as to be * * *.
* * observation of a * * * * * * * instead of * in a natural *. * * * * experienced a strong pain in *. * * * * * color, and had the * *. * * *, * * * *, * * * * * * * him, as * * more when * *.
* records a case of * * * *' *. * * of an individual with a single * * * of urine * * *, caused by * * * by an * *. * * a case * * * * * days before the fatal * * a case of suppression of urine * *. * * the kidneys of a woman who did not * * for a period of * days, and during this time * * * any of the usual symptoms of uremia. * a case of suspension of the functions of the * * * * * weeks, the patient * *, *, * *. * * of total * * * * *, with complete recovery; and * a case in a child * * * * *. * * a case of complete * for twenty days followed by complete recovery. * * * * * * *' *.
The most * constipation may exist for weeks, or even months, with * *. The fact seemed to be a subject of * to the older *. * * * * * *; *, * *; * days; and *, * *; *, *; *, * *; *, * *; * *; *, * *; *, two years; *, seven years. * * * * of one *, * says that the intestines * *. * * death from the same * * *. * * * * * * lasting for three weeks, and * * * * * * *.
Early in the century * reported in * an observation of an * * * * * * as regards *, who had not had the slightest * the bowel * six months. A cure * * in this * *, *, regulation of the diet, *. * * * * * * * there is an account of a man * * * * * * *, * * * * * from this *. * * * * * from childhood, and, as the * abundant and *, * * change or * present. The other * * * in excess * * *. There are many cases of * * * longer than this, but none with the * and without change in the *. * the history of a man * *, * * * * * each year * *. Between the ages of * * * * * * reduced to one * * * days, and at the age of *, to one * *. * * increased in proportion to *, and at * * * * * good that he * much as two men. * * * *, but he * * in quantity and quality. * seemed to benefit * * * * * *. * * * *, * *. * * * * * * *, * not enlarged, the * and temperature *.
* * was born on * with an imperforate anus, and * * hundred and two days without an *. * * * there was little nausea and * of the * *, due to *. * a man * * * * of the rectum, * * intestinal obstruction for two months, * * * * only once or twice. * * * * * * * *. * * after the performance *.
* * the case of a * *, during the last two years, by some * innervation of the intestine, * * * * * * a year. In the intervals the * small quantities of hard * once in * * * * the amount * * small that they * no more * * of one *. Two or three days before the * began the patient * * and felt * * *; * * attacks of * he would * * * quantities of offensive *. He would * * * two or three *, when there would be a * * *, and so on * he had four or * * * * * * he would have a slight diarrhea and then * * return to the former condition. The principal * * in the ascending * transverse colon and * could be * * * through the abdominal wall. * * * * and had * * * *. * * * * * * * * * * * * took the * until the bowel * * in two or three *.
There is a record of a man who stated that for two years he had not passed * * by the anus, but that at * * * * * * by the mouth. * * * * *. At times the * * * *, * * * * * * * * esophagus and slight *. Several hours before * the abdomen * hard and *, * * in the *. In this case there was a history of * in the upper * *.
The first * * in reference to * * are given by *, *, * *, and it is * * * that the disease received the name *. The disease was * noticed by *, *, *, and others. * * * of it in *, and the medical * * * * * * * * familiar with it; * the disease has been well known.
* * as a case of * that of a * * *, mentioned in the * * who had * tumor the lower part of which * to the knees. * case the tumor was situated in the skin and no * * was found in the abdominal cavity and no * * * place in the veins. * * * * * * in the walls of the abdomen in a * * *, born at *.
*, * * *, is a condition in which, in the substance of a limb or a part, there is * * the lymphatics, * *. Such a condition * there is obstruction of so large a number of the * to the root of the extremity or part that * * * * * is possible. The affected * swollen and *, and sometimes * * *. It is neither * * * * *. * * * dilatation and multiplication of * with the * hypertrophy. The *, the skin becomes coarse and hypertrophied. The * * * * *, heaped up at *, separated from one another * * *, * * * at the * of the joints. * * * with in all *, it is more common * tropics, and its occurrence has been * * * * to be dependent on the presence in * of the * * *. * * shows the condition of the limb of a * *, the subject of *, five years after * of the disease. The changes in the * were as *. The photograph from which the cut was made was taken in
1875 At the present * * years later) the * the typical condition of the * * *. * attacks of * * * this period, * producing an * of the *. The leg below the knee has become * * the production of the * masses; the outer * * * * *, but the skin of the inner * * so as to form a very large and * * * * condition has begun to develop in the other *, * * about in the condition of the first, as shown in *. * * this disease in its most *, a condition * observed in this country. As an * the change in the weight of a person after the * * *, * * a case reported by *. * * a woman * * *, five years *, * *. * * * * below the waist, * * * of report the * * *. There was * of the skin. The circumference of the calf * *; of the thigh, inches; and of the abdomen, * that of the arm was only *.
The condition commonly known as * *" is a form of * * its name from its relative frequency *.
* represents a * * *, from all *, * suffering from an * hypertrophy of * *, due to a *. * a number of * have been shown in recent years, the * of whom * * *, one of * * * * involved, and was perhaps the largest * * *.
* * * the upper extremities. Of the older * * * * collected by *. In one case the * * swelling of the arm * after the * * blister; in another the arm * so that it * * * *, of which consisted of serum. * of the arm and * * * * * arteries, veins, and nerves had not * * * the lymphatics * very much dilated and loaded with lymph.
The third case was * * *, and the fourth * *. * represents a remarkable * * * * of an elderly * *. * there is * description of the case on record, but the photograph * worthy of *.
* describes a * * * * * * * * * * increased in weight and consistency, * * being in the middle *, which was *, * * about the nail, * around the * the finger. The index * * * * thick and * *, * * *, while the other * *. * * in this case slowly and * in size until the hand * *. * * the affected *, contrary to the general appearance of * affected with *, * of normal *, *, * * *, and the muscles * * *. It was * * * *, * * shows a * view of the *.
* * * * * a very interesting case of * of the scalp, * *, * * * of hypertrophied * * over the face like the * an elephant, somewhat similar in appearance to *" * represents a somewhat * condition of the scalp and face reported in * Review of Medicine and *, * * of the face sometimes only * it on one side. Such a case was reported by *, in which the * to have been complicated with * of the ear. * * * *, describes a remarkable * * of the face. After a * * * * pain in the left * below the *; * * * under the *, and the * enlarged and * *; the face * * *, and the patient * nausea and *. At the end of six months there was * *, * the patient * that the face * *. * * followed by several others, the face * * *. * * * * * *, * * * of a man whose head * * * * in size, the lower part of the face * * with the nose, which had to be raised to enable * * * *.
* * * instances in which * of the breast * these organs to such a degree that they * * *. * * of a woman * * * * * size that they * down to her *. At the same time * * * * * tumors as large as the head of a * * * the case of a woman * * * * that it was necessary to support them by *, * over the shoulders and neck.
* is occasionally seen in the genital regions of the female, but more often in the scrotum of the male, in * it produces * tumors, which sometimes * * ground and become so heavy as to prevent *. * * * in the fact that these * * * * *, * testicles and *, * * * ceased to be distinguished, saved, and their *. * * a patient who was * * *, * * * * * *; * * * * after the disease * * * *, * before it had * * * * that the functions of the * had not been * the disease.
There are several * accounts of scrotal tumors which have * * * * *. In the * * there was * a tumor of the scrotum * *. In the * * it was reported that * * * to feed on these * tumors, while the * * in a most * *. * * * * * of the scrotum in which the tumor * *. * * * * a tumor of * from a * *. * * * * * to the anterior border of the anus; it had * * * ten years *. * * * * of the scrotum * *, * * * same time. * * a case of *, * * * * a tumor of the * of the * * * *.
* * * * instance of * of the penis and scrotum * * existed for five years. The subject * * * * * * * * * *. * of generation * * buried in the * *. * was performed in which all of the diseased * * * * * were removed, the true * * * *. * * a tumor of *, the result of *, * * *. The weight * ascertained by placing the tumor on *, * * the patient to * * * * * weight of the body on the scales. This man * * * penis, although * * could not do * * * * * control, the urine * * * on the * of the scrotum, * * * *. * * * * patient had * *, and occasional * * *. * * * was performed with a good *.
* * an enormous scrotal tumor which was removed from a * * *, with subsequent recovery of *. The tumor * *. The ingenious * this operation is well * * by those * * * * * of the scrotum * * * * *. The tumor * *, * into consideration the weight of the fluid which * * during the * and also after the * before it was *. * * * * * a tumor * * of this * * *. * *, * describes the case of a * who had * of glandular swelling of the scrotum, * * * * * * long and six * * *. * * * * of the part * * * *.
* is taken from a * * to the authors * *. * *. The patient was a native * *, * * operated on, with preservation of the testes. *, on removal, * *.
*. *. *, *, reports from the * * * an operation on a patient of * * * of six *' *. * * * * were as follows: * the circumference * * inches, and * the circumference * * * *. The penis * * *, and the * from an opening * * * from the *. * * * control of his bladder, but * unable to * operation for removal * * * * * * the tumor * * *. Little blood * * account of an elastic * * about the neck of *. * * * * removal of a * * *.
* describes a case of the foregoing * in a * * *, * * * *. The growth * * * *, and had * *. * * pain or active inflammation, and although the patient * * * * * * * * * as a *. The scrotum * represented by a * * *, * * * * below the * * * * could be made *. * * *, and the * * greatly improved in health. * * swelling of the inguinal * on both sides, * * * was very *. * * * * greatly improved. * * * * to the importance of preserving the penis and testes * *, * although these * * * * their functions are *.
The statistics of this * * show a surprisingly * *. * operated on patients with * * *, one from shock and five * * The same * cases, and found the general * to be *. According to *, *, * * as a * in the * *, claims to have * * with only two *. *, * * * * cases with *.
Early in this * * described a case of * in a boy * * *, after several attacks of * * diminution of the * change; the * * * of the streptococcus * * and malignant *.
* is a term * * *, * * * *. It is characterized by an abnormally * of the extremities and of the features of * * as well as the soft parts. In a * * hands and feet are greatly enlarged, but not *, and the normal functions are not *. * involves all the tissues, giving a * * to the hands. The feet are similarly * * * toe may be relatively much larger. The * * broad and large. The face increases in volume * *, * consequence of the hypertrophy of * and inferior * *. The latter often * the upper *. The teeth * separated, and the * increase in size. The nose is large and broad, and the * the eyelids and * * * hypertrophied. The * * hypertrophied. The disease is of long duration, * in the history the bones of the spine * * * * *. As we know * of the influences and * *, the pathology and etiology of acromegaly *. * * the disease as a systemic * * *, due to a * condition of the *, just as * is due to disease of the thyroid. * of the cases reported the * and optic * * * have pointed to the pituitary body as the * * * growth of hypertrophy. * shows a case of this * enlargement of the face and * * * the cerebral and ocular * pointed to the * as the * of the lesion. *, *, * * cases in which the * *, indicative of *, * quite prominent. * * collected by * * some change in the pituitary body, and in the * * either the diagnosis * * or the disease * very short duration. * reported a case in which * * * adenoma in the pituitary body, and the thymus *.
* * an interesting case of progressive enlargement of the hands in a * * *. * * he had * * in the joints. About three years before the time * * * enlargement of the * * * * * of the right *. A short time later the whole * * involved and the skin * a darker * and temperature * normal in both * * * * account of the absence of * *. * * that the change * * to increase in growth of the fibrous elements of * * about the tendons, caused by *. * shows the * and dorsal surfaces of *.
* is a term that has been applied * * * * to the * that sometimes occurs *. Most of the cases that have been reported as * of these two diseases are now thought to be only *. A recent case is reported by *. * * it is interesting to notice a case of what * * acute symptomatic * *, * *: In an * woman, and without * * * * enlargement of the ankles, *, *, and later of the muscles, with superficial * that gradually *. The author *, *, *, *, *, *, * it to have been a * * of cerebral * of pneumonia * * * * reported by * * *. * *, or as it was called by *, * *, is due to a hypertrophic process in the bones of the cranium. * studied by * * * * * *. * describes what * * to be a case of *, * * the title * * * * *, because the soft parts are also included in * process. A woman * *, * * * *, and of negative family history, six years before * of report * the first symptoms of the *, * * * in the *. * * to the shoulders, and was * with some * * * * * of movement, but * had never been demonstrated. * * * * the trunk * lower extremities, although there was * in the *. * had been a slowly * of the head, face, and neck, affecting the *, and subcutaneous tissues, the first to the greatest * circumference of the neck * *; * * of the head * *; * * * *, * *, inches; and from the root of the nose * * *, *. The cervical * *, and the * * * * * in height. It may * here that * * * * the same * *, * more pronounced, in a case of *, * * more than *. * * case the tongue * * there was no swelling of the thyroid.
* is an * disease among * people who * largely of * water, and is characterized by a * *, physiologic, and mental * *, and possibly goiter. The subjects of this * * * * in height, and usually not more than * * * is derived from the Latin *. * * all over the world. In * it is estimated that * * there is one * to every *. *, * *, and along the * * are quite * * * * * * * *. * * * allowed to * * *, and thus * *. * * * * *" * has given a * of the * * * in which they were held and * in which they were allowed to *. * * * *, * *: * see a head of unusual form *, * * * * *, * * *, *, * * *, *, * eyelids, and a flat *. * is of a * *, * * *, *, * *, and his * * * * * * *, *; * *, * open and full of saliva, * * * *. * * * *, * * *, * *, * * *, *, * power. The * thick and * *, the feet *. The large * * on the breast; the abdomen is like a *" * is generally * * *, or only able to give a *. He is * * heat and cold, and even to the * *. The general * * * been that * * and genital organs are fully developed.
* * * * * * * * with the following statistics of *, * show how in * it may be a * factor of population. In *, in a population of * * * *, there were people with simple goiter. * * * * there were * * * * * * * in which * was not * 962,
making a total of Of these * * * * * very small * *; * * *; not classified. Of this * * * * * * *; * * *; * *; * * *; * *; * * *; * * * *; * * mothers with *; * * * were not *.
* cretinism, or * *, is characterized by a congenital absence of the thyroid, * * * of neck, * of arms and legs, prominence of *, large size of the face, thickness of the lips, * * tongue, and * * *. It is * * * * intoxication is the cause of *. * * able to collect * cases in *. The diagnosis is *, as the treatment * * * produces the most * *. * * * * on record, * possibly the * is the case of *. *. * * *, *, * of which are reproduced in * * * the child * the typical appearance of a *. * * results of six *' * * * are shown in the second *. After a * the child presents the appearance of a healthy * * *.
* * is a * * due to the loss of the function of the thyroid gland. The disease was * * * * * as a * change, and later * * * *, * * the name. It * clinically by a * condition of * tissues and mental failure, and anatomically * of the thyroid gland. The symptoms of *, * * *, are marked increase in the general bulk of the body, *, * swelling of the skin, which does not * *; * * * which tend, with swelling, * the lines of expression in the face; * of the hair; * * of the skin * *, particularly in the supraclavicular * * * * *; the features are * *, the lips *, * * broad and thick, and * *. There is a striking slowness of thought and *; the memory *, and conditions leading to * *. The functions of the thoracic * * seem to be normal, and death is generally due to * *, * *. A condition * * occurs after * removal of the thyroid gland.
In a most interesting * * shows the * relation between *, * *, * * * *, * *. * * * * * * * an inherited or acquired * * of the thyroid gland, and he * * * *. * shows a case of *, * * in a case of * * * * * of the adult and sporadic * * case of sporadic *.
* are an * * * * * * in the region of the *, * * * *, * * has been * * since the * *, at which * were known as *, *, *, *, * * * *, * *; * *, in Lower *. * the dog of a *; they were of * * * *, and of * * by others. These people * * to have been the descendants of *, or to have * victims of leprosy *. From the * * * * difference between the * and the *. * * issue of * a writer * * * *.
* * * * of the * in the * part of the * * now called *. They never * * in height, and have short, * *, * * *, * *, and pale, * *. * * *, often to the * * *, * * * goiter and * *. The chief * * * * * *, a place of *. * * * *. * * * about the * * * * * * *, * * * * * * *, *, * *, * * * upon the one side and * upon the other. * is rich, * * * *, and is * * * *. In this * * * * * * * * of men and women as may be found * * *. They are almost * *, * * * when they have any *. * * are employed * *, and in * * * * at an elevation of more than * *. * * * no human * * some of their *, * *, who are sent * * * or twenty * * supply of food.
"It is said that * * is almost * among them. The women in some instances are employed in the * * * * for children, and as such are found * *. * * throughout the region * * * it is now, it was thought * to have one of these * * family, and the * * * out and even sold to be * * * * *. There are somewhat * in other * of the *, but the number *, and those of the * * are reduced to a *.
* is a symptom due to *, * contraction of the diaphragm. * cases are most *, * * * * *. * * these cases * *.
*, * particularly in inflammatory diseases of the viscera or abdominal membranes, and in severe cases * *.
*, as in direct * of the diaphragm in swallowing some very * *; * disease of * near the diaphragm, and in many conditions of * * *, * particularly those associated *.
Specific or idiopathic, in which there are no * * present; it is sometimes seen in cases of nephritis and diabetes.
*, in which the primary cause is in the nervous *, *, shock, or cerebral *.
* * of continued * has long been discussed. * * to mind that in * *" * *, * * *, who had * * too much, either to hold * * or to * * * *; but if it * *, * * * * * *, and if you * once or twice * * * * * sure to go." The attack must have been * one, as it is * * that the * * * * * * * * *.
Among the older * * * * * * lasting for * *; *, * * *; * * *, * *; *, * * months; and *, * *.
At the present * it is not uncommon to read in the * accounts of prolonged *. These cases are not * * * by a number of instances in * *. The cause is not always *, * * * * *.
* * a case of chronic * of seven *' *. It had * an attack of *, * * * * by the administration of * * of a * * * * * * * * * for a week, and then * * six years. * * * instances of * * * *, *, *, * * * * * * a case of * in a man * *. * * of a man * * * * * years. The * * *, * * once or twice a minute * * when the * was not *. There was no * * *. There is another case related in the same * of a * * on the fourth day of an attack of *, * * * of the diaphragm, which no * * * records a case of a child, * when young, * * * twenty years of age (the age at the * *. * * * * * * *, * *, * * * * weeks, and * * similar, but less severe, * in the * of
1879, and again in The disease was * to be due * habit of pressing the chest against the * * * * * a case of * * in an * * *, ascribed to * *. There was * in the paroxysm, which increased in * * * *. The patient said that the * * * by firm * on the upper part of * * *. * * * * * *, and the * *, and the patient *. They could be * by firm * on the *. * * of a man * * *, * to cold, * * * * * *; * records the case of an * * * * * four months; the cause * ascribed to *. * a fatal instance of * in a * * * * continuously from * * * * 28th. The * that seemed to have any effect in this case was * * * *.
* * of a man * * * began to * after an attack of pneumonia, and continued * * * * consisted of the application of * * *, *, * *, *, * * * * * through the nose * * *. * cases are * by the same author. * * case of a young man who was * * * * * that never * for a minute * * *. * * * * * in the three * * * *, * only slight *.
* * the case of an * * * * * suffered from * * * that persisted * *. * * of this * was that it * * of the upper extremities. * * over the * processes of the 4th, 5th, and * * led to the application of the *, in conjunction with the administration of * *, * * with marked *, though not by *. * * a man with a * * * * * * when he * * *. * * a case of * which was caused by pressure * * of a * in the left *.
* * a peculiar case in a * * * * * an anomalous * of the respiratory * * * like a cough, * *, * * *. It was * * * * * * during the * * * *, * * during sleep. * * * * the patient *, but the * * * *, and in the last six years they * * * * * *.
* * * * cases of * * treated by dry * applied to the abdomen. In each case it * to repeat the * * * *, * * * *. * * a brilliant cure in a * * * *, by the use of common *, * * several times to induce * *. * a successful treatment of one case in a man * * after a *, by the administration of * of a * * * *. * records a * and prolonged * *, as shown * at the * postmortem examination, by carcinoma of the pancreas. * * * relieved by * administered by the * much as * * given in * *. * * report the case of a young * who was * * * case of * * four days by * * *. After the tongue had been * out of the mouth for a * * * *. * referred to two cases of * * reported by *.
* * * * * * was considered a good *, and was regarded as a * * by nearly all of * *. * * * * * * * * days of *. * * into the nature and * * *, * * wondering why * * * rather than coughing. The * * * of the * * * * to the days *, * * * * * * when he * * * * * * says that only * * with the * * * cease to be an * to man. Not only in * * * * * * also by * * * * *, and even by the * * *. * * of the * as to *, * * of the King * *. * * and some of * * * * * when the * *. * * day we * * * * *" * * who have * *, * * of a * * in the time of * the Great, * * time, at * *, the air * filled with an * * * * * affected the people that those who * * * stricken with *. In this * * * said to have * a form of * to be * * * * seen to be * on, and which, it was *, * the stroke of the *.
There are some * cases of anomalous * on record, some of which are * due to * akin to our * *" * others are due to * * *. * * records a * * * * * *. *, *, * * * * * speak of * to death. * death from congestion of the vasa * * *. * * * * instance of * which was * *.
* * * * for treatment of a case of * in a white * of ten. * * * without apparent * * * * times, or until the child *, and then stop for a half or one *, * * *. * * of a boy of thirteen * * * (from one to six times a minute) for one * during sleep was there any *. The patient * * consisting of active *, *, * * behind the ear, together with the application * * to the *.
* * a remarkable case of * followed by sneezing in a * * * *, just before, had a * * *. * an hour * * * * * * * *. There was no *, * *, * * * * * condition. There was no * * * or other organs and no account of an * * * * * * * for a few * * results, when the attacks of * * * *. * * * another with * * * *. * * * once and * *, * was more * * * * * * * *, * rest in bed * *, * * *. * * * on what * * *" due to the * * in one *. * of the * branch of * was produced, * * * * * * * through the pulmonary branches of the vagus. * * * implication of the third division of the *, * following from * implication of the * of respiration, the lungs * full of air at the time *. * * * * *" * offers a * * congestion of the hands *.
A case of anomalous * * prior to sexual intercourse * * * * * * is an *, * *, characterized by a tendency to * *, * * * * *. It is sometimes associated with a form * *. This hemorrhagic diathesis has been known * years; and the fact that there were * persons who * * tendency to * * wounds of a * * * in some of the earliest medical literature. *, *, through the * * *, *, *, and others, has the hereditary nature of the * * * mode of transmission through the female * *. As a rule the mother of a * is not a *, but is the daughter of one. The * * *, * * and free from any * * * * to transmit the * to the *. The condition * * after some * in the first two years of life; but must be * the hemorrhagic * of the *, which will * later. The social condition of the family * * the predisposition; the old * * * was a * * * are numerous, * *, * *, * *.
The duration of this *, and its * in a family, is remarkable. * * family of *, *, * examples for two centuries. * has been * * * occurring in the seventh *. * * * in women, and reports a case * in the daughter of a * *. * * * * * * * *, * * * law of transmission does not hold true. In * * * * from the father to the child, and in 11
cases it was * from the mother to the infant.
The hemorrhagic symptoms of * may be divided into external *, * spontaneous or traumatic; *, *, and ecchymoses; and the * * * are seldom spontaneous, and * *, *, *, and often * *. * operation on a * * end in death; * * * * * * * has been followed by the * *.
*, *, * *, have seen fatal hemorrhage after the extraction of teeth. * * * * * * *, *, * * that one of these * * days after a *. * * * * *. * * an individual * * * * to extensive extravasation of blood * base of the brain, following a slight * * * *. * * a case of *, * suppression of the *, * * hemorrhage from the *, * * * * * instance of extravasation of blood into * of the leg of an individual * * *. * * *, * * * above the knee * *; * * were removed, and * applied to check *. There was extension of the * to the * edema and * *, * * * *, with a fatal *.
* * * instance of * * of the retina, followed by death. * * * account of * from the * * in a woman * *. * occurred at every * * * * *. * no evidence that the * * * * *.
* cases of bleeding in * collected by *, * from the nose, from the mouth, from the stomach,
36 from the *, from the urethra, from the lungs, and * from the skin of the head, *, *, *, *, vulva, and external ear. * * * * knew of a case of a * who had * * * * * above the neck, never from those *. * closely resemble * *. * * * die of their early *, * living to *. * *, the first reported * *, * an advanced age, owing to hemorrhage from a * * * *. * the functions of * * are not * interfered with in * is never * * as to be fatal. * that of * * * before the * * * *. * is rarely fatal in the first year.
Of the hemorrhagic diseases of the * * are worthy of *. In syphilis * * the child may be *, or just after birth there may appear * * with bleeding from the mucous surfaces and * *; the child may become deeply *. * shows extensive * into the *, and also * * *.
* disease, or * *, is a very * *, * epidemic in * *; * about the fourth * after birth. The principal * * * * * * * * * *. Some cases have shown in a * acute fatty degeneration of the internal *.
Apart from the common * hemorrhages, the results of injuries at birth, bleeding from one or more of the surfaces is * * event in the *, * *. According to * * * * *, the hemorrhage * * general and * * *. * also occurs from the *, * *, * beginning in the first week, but in * it is * to the second or third. Out of * * * died and *. The nature of * is unknown, and postmortem examination reveals * *, although the general and not * * * *, * * *, the presence of * the greater prevalence of the disease in hospitals, * infectious origin *. * * * of a * dying of spontaneous hemorrhage from about the hips.
* *, * * disease, has * * * *, and is interesting for the * and spontaneous hemorrhages which are * it. A most interesting collection of * * * victims of * * were shown in * * * In an article on the successful * treatment of * *, or the * of St. *" of the * * the first mention of * * * * was made by *. * * * * * to the island of St. * * * * * the infants of this * give up nursing on the fourth * * after birth; on the seventh * * * * * * that it is impossible to get * * *; soon after this they are * * * and die on the eighth *. * * * * * * island of St. * that the mothers * thought of * preparation for the * baby, and it was * * * piece of * * the ninth * * day, when, * * *, * * of the mother * *. * method of caring for the infant, * * * * *, and the * condition of the *, * * * that the infection was through the *. All cases in which treatment was * * * * * have survived. This treatment * * the cord with * * * * *, * of the baby from the first, and the * * doses of potassium * * * *. * * on the island of St. * *, * * reduced. The author suggests the use of a * * * * * the cord. * is free from * and is *.
* * in the human body are of interest on account of the * * * * *, * * which they cause, or because of their * * *. According to modern * * * * * * * chains of * * *. The older *, according to which the * *, generally the * *) * to such * * and even as much as *, are generally * *. * * * * taken the total of * fragments of the * * * * at any time * *, * * * * * that it would * for such an * mass to be contained in any *.
The name * has no relation to the Latin *, * *. It is quite possible for a number of tapeworms * * in the human body. * * the fact * * existing in one person; and * * * of a number of cases in which * * * in the stomach. * * of the * * * by the ingestion of a quantity of * *. * the case of four * tapeworms; and * the case of a man * * * * * * * *, * *, consisting of * *. * * a case which has * *, of a * * * * *, * * *. * * a case in which
23 * * * in the same *. * * * of two * *.
The size of a * in a small child is sometimes quite surprising. Even the * * * signs of *, * * * this subject. * * * * * * expelled from a child * * * * cases in which * have been * * five, and five and * * *. * * * of a * * * in length * came from * of two. * describes a case in which a * * * expelled from a child of four; and * * * * * * from a child. Occasionally the * expelled from the mouth. Such cases are * * * *. * * of a * which was * * * after the use of an *. * * the removal * * * had been in the bowel * *.
The peculiar effects of a * * * appetite and *, *, *, *, * *, *, * * * * * a case of *, *, due to * *. * * of a case *, accompanied with * *, which was * *. On the administration of * * * * *. There is a record of an * * * rising to * *, * * * * of a large *. It is quite possible for * of a * * * * *. * a case in which * * * * * * of a *. * * * a fatal * *, in a child of six, dependent on *.
The number of * * * in one subject is sometimes *. * * * * * from a child in the short space of five *. * * * * * * * *, * * * reported a most remarkable * * * * * in less than * * by vomiting. The patient * * * *.
There are many instances in which the * * * * the intestinal tract and made their way to other * leading to an anomalous *. There are several * record in which the * * have been found in *. * * of a case of this kind during a *; and there is mention of a man who * * * * * * from his * * suppression of urine. * contains a * case in which a * * * the bladder, * for its nucleus * *. * to the * * of Medicine * * * * * passed from the urethra of a man * *. * is a * from the * * *: * at present a patient * in his urine a * * * * * as far as the segments * * are concerned, the length of each * being about
1/4 *, * * * *; * * * together. The * * * on the one side, * * cusps. The urine *, * * *, within the last week * * *. * * * * for the first week, with * in the urine, specific gravity * there were * * * * uric acid in the urinary * there were * and abundant *. * * the prostate and along the course of left * of patient * * * * * *. There was no * at any time of *. * * * the name, etc., of this *.
Other cases of * in the bladder * mentioned in * *.
* * of the passage of * through the umbilicus of an adult; and there is a case mentioned in which * * * * * * from the * of a *. * * of a * * found in the *, and another in the air passages.
* * * * cases of perforation of the * * * *. * * of the issue of * from the external auditory meatus. * * * * * in the nose. * * * * * *. * * * * * * * from the mouth.
* have been found in the heart; and it is quite possible that in cases of *, * of the * * * anywhere in the line of cardiac or *. * * *, * * * * * * sac, and also in the ventricle. There is an * of a person dying of intestinal worms, one of which * in the left ventricle. * * * * speak of * * *. * * a case of sudden death from * * has noted a similar *.
* * is a * * which is the factor in the production of the * hydatid cysts which may be found * part of the body. * * * report the * * * * seen in this country. * was a * who had been in this country * * are only about of these cases on record, most of * * * * *.
* * * * is a small * of the * species, the adult form of which lives in the lymphatics, * the adult or the * * * *) * *, producing the conditions of *, * *. * * * * is a * * in parts of * * * *. According to * * cases have * the United States. * * a case in a * * * * * *, *, for thirty *. * patient, a man * *, had never * * *, so that the * must be included among * * this country.
* *, * * * * microscopic slides containing blood which was * * numbers of * * * *. The blood was taken from a * at the * *, who developed * *. * believed that the * * contracted the * * * in the * *.
* * * * * article on the disease called in * * * * * * * *. * *, * * *, * * * * * * *. * * of the * *, * *, * * * * *" *, "a deep * * * on the lower parts of his body and * * * * * of living *" *, in his "Decline and * says that "his *) * was caused by a * * * *. * *, * * * course of life to an * *, * * ulcers and devoured by * * of those * * * their names to this * * disease." It * said that the * * *, * * *, * the disease. *, * * *" * * with it; and * * mention of it as * body of * the Great. * * * *" * * * *" but as * * * * * * his life and after his death, this fact * * * * *. A case is * * * * * seen by an * in a very aged * * * parts of *, and another in a female * * * *. The tissues were * * * * * * and fissures in the body.
Instances of the larvae of the * or the * in the skin are not uncommon. In this country * * * * * skin of the neck, head, and arm of a boy * *. *, *, *, * and others, * *. * * are called *, and the * * is called *. According to *, in parts * *, the eggs of a *, called the * * * deposited in the skin, and produce * * like the ordinary *. * has described a * which the * * were found in the gluteal * * * has recently * an interesting case * physician who, * * constipation and pain in * * *, * large numbers of the larvae of *, * *, and there are other * * * * * the larvae of the *.
There are forms of nasal disorder caused by *, * * * * * * * as a chronic * * of the mucous membranes of the nose and * in the * and the *. * * * * plate of the ethmoid feed on the soft tissues * *. * * * destroy the *, with subsequent loss of the sense of *, * * * * the bridge of the nose. The head of the *, and he * * crawling of * in the interior * *. The eyelids * so that the patient * see, and * * which exceeds that produced by *. * that it is one of the most * diseases that * the observation of medical *. * describes the disease * * * inflammation of the *, * * * the bones." * * ova in the nasal *, and from their * eventually arise. In * * * * the nose, and is the * term for the disease caused by * * larvae in the nose. It is * to be * * * * than in *.
* * *.
* *.
* is a disease of the skin characterized by a * development of the papillae and thickening of the *; * as the skin is affected over a larger * *, or only the epithelial lining of the follicles, * known as * *, * * *. * masses of epithelium develop in excess, * * * * integrity, and the surface * * * of a fish. * may be congenital, and over * * * described a fetal * in the * * *, the whole surface of * * * * a thick layer of epidermis, the skin * * * * * a covering like a *. According to * * *" * * * * * in
1710 was an example of a rare form of *. * *, except the face, the palms of the hands, and the soles * *, * covered with small * in the form *. * * were of a * color, and * and elastic that they * and made a * when the * passed over their surfaces. They * two months * * * * * *, * * * *. * * * * was in very good health. He had *, all of whom * covered with * *. The hands of one of these children has been * * in his * of Natural History." A picture * * of the father is shown in the * volume of * *.
* * a man with warty * * * * *. At the parts * * occurred the points * * * * *. This man was called "the *" * * * was found by a * in a * * * *, and for four generations the * of the family had been so *. * * * *. All the members of the * family of * * * covered with *. Two members, *, * * *, were examined by * thickening of the epidermis and hair was the effect of * * which was transmitted from * * * * not being affected. * * * * * had been affected in the manner described.
* *" seen by * * *, and his skin was * * from the *, but these * *. There are several * records of * * *. * * * *, as do * *. * * of a * * * * * *. * described a * * * in which the skin was covered with * like the * of a *. * numerous and * * * * * * *. An example of * was the individual who * under the name of *" * represents an * * *. *. *. The skin affected in this * in color and consistency that of a young *. * * that his * * * *.
* * *, of which there are specimens in * *, * Hospital, and the * * * *, is the result of * *. * * * after the removal of the * *, * * thick, or as the skin * it is * *, *, and in the more severe cases covered with * * * * * the whole surface of the body is * with fatty * *, * * *, which are broken up by * * *, * * * to the surface of the * * * * *. After birth these * * down into the *, and on * * * * skin is so stiff and * that the eyes cannot * * * *, the lips are too * to permit *, and are often *; the nose and * * * * * * * *, and, if not * *, * * dies from * and loss of heat. * * is less severe the child may survive some time. * a patient, a male * * * *, * * *. * * * * * * *.
* follicular keratosis is an extremely rare * in which there are peculiar, * *, * * of the mouths of the sebaceous glands. * * shorten the name to * *.
* * * of it as * * *. *. *. * describes a case in a * of six. The first * * * * of little * spots on the * of the neck. * * developed into papules, and the whole * * * * yellow color. * * the same * on both shoulders, and, in the same order, * down the outer sides of the * * * papules, and * *. The black * * * *, * * plugs and small, * were produced. Both the * * * * * * *. * * * pressure with the * * placed on sheets of paper * * * * * * history of * * * from this case *.
* describes an uncommon form of * *. The patient was a man * *, * the following changes in his *: On the left side * *, beyond a few centimeters below the lobe of the * * about ten * * *, * * in color, irregular in *, and varying * from a * to a * *, * * *. * * seen on other portions of the face. * * size and form, * limited by a kind of * *" * * *, of a color * red to *, * white, and to a * * * from that of the * *. * * * on the right hand, and again on the back of the right * a wide *, * * in the form of a broad * * * surface of the forearm to just below the * the skin was a little * and thinner * * skin, and * * * *. The disease * at the age of two, * * *. * * * the most * *, * * * three years before. A * of the patient, *, * * * has had the same * * *, on the back of the hand, and the * * * * similar lesions.
* * scleroderma, or * disease, is quite rare, and presents itself in two phases: that of * * * hypertrophy) and atrophy, * *. The whole body may be involved, and each * * * as the skin * it becomes *. The muscles * * independently of the skin, or simultaneously, and * * resemblance of * *. The whole skin is so * to suggest the idea of a * *, without the * * * only slightly *. The skin * * * * *. * * * * put it, * face is affected it is *, so to speak, both to * and to the touch. The mouth cannot be opened; * * *, but if * they are * *, * * * *. The effect of the disease * * is to * interfere with the * * * and almost obliterate the breasts; as to the *, * shortening of the distended skin the joints are fixed in * or less * *. The mucous membranes may *, and the secretion of both sweat and * * * proportion to the degree of the *, and may be *. The atrophic type of scleroderma is preceded by an * * * of the fat and muscles the skin of * * * over the bones; the lips are shortened, * * from the teeth and lead to *, and the * *. * * skin and the * * only by * *) give the * *, * *. The etiology and pathology of * are quite *. * the prognosis is good, * is a tendency to spontaneous recovery, * * may be extended.
* regarded by many as a disease distinct from *, * is best described as a circumscribed *, * itself in two clinical aspects: patches and *, * being the more common.
* * is an induration of the skin, congenital and occurring soon after birth, and is invariably fatal. * * * is edema *, which is * edema with * affecting the *. * it is invariably fatal, but in a few cases in which * has been * * has occurred. * * from a case of * * in an infant * *, * * * * * but for *. The back * a remarkable * * the entire * *, including the * * * *, * *, and the thighs, down to * the popliteal spaces. The edges of the * * sharply defined, irregular, and *. The affected * *, but not *, * * a pink *; * not be * between the fingers; * * *, * rendered the surface * for a time. The * * * had been * immediately after birth, * * was at first of a deep pink color. During the * days the * * extended to the thighs, * * before the examination * * * * * * * * were at first used, but with *. * * * *, * *. As the * * *, * patches of * * * left surrounded by normal *. * could be produced even after the tension of the skin * * *. The lowest * temperature was * *. In a little more than four months the skin *. The treatment with * * * * * * *.
Possibly the most interesting of the examples of * was the *" * *. * * * * *. * * * *, and gave an elaborate account of * by his mother shortly before * *, when she * down by an elephant at a *; to this * * * * *. * * his name from * projection of his nose and lips, together with * deformity of the *. He was victimized by * * early life, and for a time was shown in *, * * * * * by the police. * * shown in *, and was there * of all *. * * * * * * * * * * * and society, and sometimes * * *. On one occasion a * * * * him as a passenger. * * * * * * Society of *. * * * *, but a complication of congenital * * bones and * * papilloma of the * his youth * suffered from a disease of the left * * * * on the skin of the back, * *. In the right pectoral and posterior aspect of * * region, and over the *, the affected * in heavy * *. * * * * * *. * * * so heavy that at * he had * * * * *. He slept in a * * *, with his * * * * legs, and his * * *. If he * * *, the heavy * showed a * * back and produce a sense of *. For a long * was an * of the * *, * * * provided for *, and it was there that he was found * while in bed * * * * * * * * *.
* may be defined as a pathologic process, the ultimate result of which is a spontaneous amputation of the * *. * * almost exclusively to *, * males, and * *. * * it is called *" * *" literally means to *, and is * * * derived from a * *, * process. The * for it is * *" * * *.
* * * * * *, at the * *, * the first reports of this curious disease, and for * * it was * to be confined to * * *, however, it has been reported from nearly * of the globe. Relative to its * * states that * * * * * * * * * cases in *, as have *, *, *, * *. * reports it in *. *. * a case * *, * *. * * *, * *. *. *. *. * * * cases at the *, *. * * * * on the * * *, particularly among a * * * *. * reports it in the * * *, * of its * among the *. * reports it * * *. It has also been seen in * * * * * efforts of Her * * * * * * * has been shown in *, * * * as to its etiology, * *, * * *, * * * * *, * *, * *, *, *, * * in other * * * have all * assistance in * * *. * * a case has been seen, * * speak of it as occurring in *. * * * * report of cases at *, *. *. * sends a report of a case in a * *. * *. The disease has several times been observed *.
*. * * a case in a * * * *, *, * to relate, * * * * * * * cases in * both of * * *. * * * a case in a * * * *, * *, *. *. *. *. Days of * *, *, * case in a *, * *. *. *. *, also of * * cases in St. * *. * * seen a case in * * fifty years, at the * * *.
* * is the disease in * * * found a case in every * cases at the * hospitals. The * pain or * in many instances * * * of cases * few, and again we must take * the fact that the class of persons * * are seldom * in contact with medical *.
The disease usually affects the 5th * at the * *. Cases of the 4th and other * * *. * * of a young * * * * * * by this process. * * of a * of both * *. * * a similar * * * * *. * *. * * a case in * * in a child, * *, * *, * * * *. * * a case in a * in whom the * * *. *, * *, * of a case * * * were lost in * *, a fact * * * *. * * * all the *, and there is a * * * *, *, * * * * * *, in which all the * * * * have been *, and the process is fast * at the middle third of the leg.
* is much more common in males than in females; it is, in fact, * rare in the latter. Of von * * * *.
It may occur at any age, but is most common * * * *. It has been reported in utero by *, and was * * up to the thigh, a statement that is most *. However, there are *- * * *, and again in persons over * years of age.
In some few cases the * * is affected; but no case has been seen at the base of the * *. * of the disease is between two * four years, but * case had been in progress fifty years. It rarely * * * before a year.
* begins as a small * * *, such as * * *, at the * *, * * on the *. This process of * * advances in *, * been given a name * * * *. * * * * * in a few days, and a *, * * * *, may be * in the foot * * *. *, is not *. There may be an * * the swelling. * * * * * *, * * on the dorsal aspect of the *, giving the * appearance of being * by a piece of fine *. * * * the distal end of the * * *, * an appearance as of a * attached to the * * * * * itself. By this time the swelling, *, * *. The distal end of the * * * *, and becomes * * *, and causes *, *, * *, it is in this * * * * * * *. There is in the majority * a small * in or near the * *, * most of the pain, particularly when * *. * does not occur early, and is not *. The case * * * * ulceration, and was *, * * applying for diagnosis * *. * * * * * * *, which rarely occurs, the patient * * * by his own *, or by * surgical treatment. * * * at the *, and when picked and * *, being composed of * * *.
The histology of * * it to be a direct ingrowth of epithelium, with a corresponding depression of surface due to * hyperplasia that pushes down and * * * * off the blood supply from the epithelial * them to undergo a * *.
The disease is not usually *, as formerly *, nor is it * in different *. There are no * *, no tendency to * * * * parts, and no * *. There is little or * * *. * * there is, first, * * * hyperplasia The papillae * when deprived * supply, and become *. * the pressure * on the * * * * vascular changes * * epithelial changes in more distant areas, the * *, that is, in the direction of the * makes the cause, according to *, an inflammatory * * * * to changes * * * * *.
* theories of the causation of * are quite *. The first cause is the * location for a * * * *, and the excellent situation of * for the entrance of sand or other * to make * *, * * chronic inflammatory * are followed * by the changes * *. The cause has been ascribed to the practice of * on the *; * * * says that in his * *) this practice is confined to the * * in not one of his cases had a * been previously * * *; in fact all of the patients were *. * *, that the *, * whom the disease is common, * * * * * * on the fifth *. * * * *, who are among those most frequently * * * *.
Injury, such as *, has been attributed as the initial cause, and * cases have been reported in * is distinctly *; * *, *, * * * deny that *, accidents, or work, * feature in causation.
* * * * * * which he * * * *. The patient was a boy * * *, born in *, * for treatment for *, * * * * about to be described. A very * * to the belief that a similar * had not been * the family. When he was six years old it began on the * of the middle fingers. * * * * * * * a complete absorption of the *. It did not * as far as gangrene * * *. At the time of report the whole * * * * * seemed to be thickened, the soft parts * * *. In the right * * a completely * * around the middle *. The nails on the * had become small and considerably * *. * changes were found elsewhere, and sensation * normal in the affected parts. There were no * of a multiple * * of a * *.
There is a rare and curious condition known as * skin" or *, in which the * possess a skin, which, * of a *, * * * *, that of the * * like the finger of a *. * * *, *, * the case of a woman who had * * * * few weeks from the age of seven or even earlier. The * * years of age; the skin in every part of the * * * * * * * * * * in one * * like a * * *. * * she had an associate symptom of malaise. * * of the nose and * * * *. None of * * * * * *, * * * she had been * by a medical man that it had been due * * after an attack of *. * * * * which there was * and complete shedding of the * * of the hands and feet, which was * * * years on * * of each year, * the hours of *. * *. The patient * for the first time while a child * play. The * * *, * * * * *, and the skin * dry and *. * * * in three or four hours and were * * * *, with the exception of the * of the * did not * * * * more. The * * * during this period. The * began to * time between the third and * day, in large sheets, * in the accompanying *. The nails * * about four weeks after the acute stage. * * * of this * in a man with tylosis *, * * skin was * * * *, but the process * *. * * a case in which the fingers * *.
There is a case of general and * desquamation of the skin in the * * * * records a case * under the use of * * for several * describes a man * * who was first * * * * with a * kind of fever, and this * * *, * twice in the course of the same * with the same symptoms and *, * * be brought on by * *, * * * *. * the common * *, * * of the disease * * * *, * at the joints, and the * * followed by * * *, with a small degree of swelling. * * * * * *; hard, and painful at the ends, * the roots of the nails. In about * hours the * to separate from the *, and in ten or * * * * * from head to foot, during which time * * * * off from the wrists to the * like a *, and in like manner on the legs to the * * * * * * from their *, * * * *, * * as the separation of * *, and the old * * * * * * * in about six months. The * * in the palms * * *, *, however, no * *, * * * * * left the underlying * exposed for a few *, * * *, * * free from *, a second separation of the * from the *, but it * * * as to be * * * * renewal of the parts.
There is a similar case in the * Transactions in a * * * who was exposed to * heat and * *. On the first * a fever * *, and once or twice *, chiefly in the *, this again *, * * * and detachment of the *. The disorder * * *, * * * in the head, *, *, *, * *, * *, * *, * * *. Usually the whole * the body * * *. * * * * * *, and then * * * * for several days, * * * *; the urine * began to * * *. About the third week from the first attack * * elevated in many *, and in * * * * * * * as to * of its * * * *. * * of the hands, from the wrists * *' *, * * like a *. The patient was * * sweat, and when it was attempted to * * * *; * * * * * * * * * * *, after which he * * but from the rigidity of the skin. The nails * * as in the previous *.
It is quite * that such cases as this * attract the attention of the *, and often find * * *. * is a * of a *" * *.
* *, * * * * with his * * * from this place, is a wonder. He is * known as *" * he is as * as any * of his * he is popular with his *, but his * are probably *. * * *, * face and *, is covered with the scales * * * *. * exceptions are kept so by the * * * *, * on the balance of his body the scales *. The child * * * * *. It causes * * * *. From the * it can be pulled in *, * off the body it comes in *. * * * * * * * *. He is an * *, * an hour at a meal, * * all the time, * to do so. After these * * * * *. There is a strange * of a * in his *, * * * * *, accompanied by * *, * as a *.
Under the name of dermatitis * *, * has described an eruption which he observed in the * * *, * * * occurred in ten * * * it begins in the second or third week *, and occasionally * late as the fifth week, with * * *, which may be * or in * * *, and either * or with * * *. * * * * * * *, and then there are * as well as *, * on the mouth, *, *; there is a total absence * or other general *. * per cent * * and loss of heat, with or without diarrhea. In those * the surface * becomes pale and the *. * * * *, * * * * *, * * * it to be * * *. * * it as an * * * * of the *. * of New * * cases with a review of the subject, but none * reported in *. Cases on the * * * * *, * *, *, * * * *.
The name * exfoliative dermatitis has been given to an epidemic * * * its appearance in *; * * collected in * *, * cases in * *.
* * *, * * * * * * that were taken from several of the * * * * * * * *, under the care of *, * * * they were *. * * in order to illustrate the * stages of *. * * * usually with * * * * groups, and generally * * on the *. These become * * *, * *, which in severe cases * * * * * *, in which the * * still be * * *. * form, and exudation occurs in only * of the cases. Desquamation of the epidermis is * feature of all cases, and it usually * * fourth and * days. In severe cases * * * epidermis are shed, in larger or smaller *, * * course of the *. * of the epidermis * the hand of a patient is * in this *.
* *, * gangrene of the skin, probably the most interesting * * disease of * *, * *, which is seen in three grades of * * * *, producing the condition known * * *, * analogous to that produced * *; and local *, which usually follows *, or may develop *. * are the * of this condition. The fingers, toes, * *, * * usually affected. In the most extreme * * * *, stiff, and *, and the capillary * * *; this is local or * *, * * of which * *. Small areas of necrosis * * pads of the fingers and of the *; also at the edges of * * tip of the nose. * * * * * limbs and trunk, and in * * * *. * suggested that the local * * * contraction of the vessels; the * is probably caused * dilatation of the capillaries and venules, with persistence * * of the arterioles. According to * two forms * *, which may be seen in adjacent *, * * may be *, * red, and * *; * *, *, * * *. Sometimes all * are involved, as in * case, in a * * * a half in whom the process began on the *, * * * attack, and then * * * * appeared on the backs of the legs, *, and upper *, * where there was *; * * * hours after the onset. The whole * be unilateral, as in * *, * * * * of three years in whom the left * * * * * on the right there was *, progressing to * * fingers and of the thumb up to the first *, * * *.
A considerable number of cases of apparently spontaneous gangrene of the skin have been recorded in medical literature as * * * young women. * * that they * classified as * *, and are always * * * * * of being *. * an interesting case of this nature with an *. The patient was a * * * * *, *, *, legs, and feet * * * * * * year, after an attack of measles. At first the * *, * * formed, the size of a * *, and in three * reaching the size of a *; * and healed, leaving no *. * * * * * *, * * *, with great loss of blood, * was no * *, and no *. * the right half of the face * * * or four *, with a * of the * * *, including the right half of the mucosa of the * * * of the right eye. At the * * * began to have a * headache and * of the right half of the body. In * * * *. * *, * * * * * and healed * *, *, and scars, and the * of the skin *. * of the * *, associated with *. * * of the *, with the exception of the face, * * *, * * * gangrene of the *. A younger * * * * similarly affected with symptoms of *, *.
* of the skin consist in augmentation of * * * * diminution of * * *. * * * old cases of loss of sensation. * a case of a young man * * *, * * * * * of the whole body with * of the head, was cured by * * *. * * the case of a young man who * * * taste and *; and also the case of a young * * permit the skin of her * to be * * * of her * to be * * * * *. * *" * * a case of * * * and feet * consequence of a * in the head * * of any external *. In the * * * *" for the year * * * * * * *, * * * * * * * * *, continued to go through the whole of the * with the same * * *. It was also known * * * able to use * * for many years after * lost their *. * gives a case of paralysis of * of the left side of the trunk without any * * *, in a man * * * * *. * * from the left * * to the * from the vertebrae to the * *. Throughout this * the skin was * and could be * * * without the patient * aware that he was *. The parts did not present * * * * or in color. The patient was free from fever and made * * a slight *. * * another case * * * * who had been * three years * * * that was not *. He was * * by the * every time * * a dog * * *, and on * * suffered a * * for one and a *. * * increased in number and frequency, * * memory, and * * signs of * *. * * to the hospital with two small * upon the * above the left * and the other on the scalp, * a fall on his entrance into the hospital. For several days * degree of * of the skin of the whole * * without any implication of the power of *. He was * cured in * *.
* * a very rare form of disease of the skin, which may be designated * * *, * * * * skin. The patient was a * * * who had * * bearing on the disease. Ten years previously a * tubercles the size and shape of a * * on the left *, * * * * * * pain. The latter * did not come on * * later. In the course of a year or two the lesions * *, so that in four years the shoulder and arm * studded with them. During the next five years * * * either in lesions or in the degree *. The region * * * like a solid * *, *, confluent tubercles, * *. * * were at all times * to the touch, * * contact of air was sufficient to cause * * * *, * * usually at several * every day, the skin * * * *, passing through * * * * *, * * *.
As a * * on the * was in the habit of * * * * the arm closely to his *. At one time * * * in a * *, * the floor, * * * * * near a hot *, in a *, *, * * of all *, until the * had ceased. * he was unable to control * * * * * * * that his * * by any *. * * * * * * on the floor * *. The intense * *, * *, for about a half *, but he was * * pain of * *. He was * of pain in * than in * of the brachial plexus was performed, * * * *. * * died in his * * * *.
According to * * * * or true * * is not always made up of *, but, as shown *, may be an adenomatous growth of the *.
* may be defined as an *, specific, and * disease, characterized by * * with or * *. * *, *, is from *, *, * *. * is derived from a *, the meaning of which is *. It is a disease * * * *, and is found on the * * * for about ten * on each side of the equator, * on the * * in the central *, but rarely in *. It is also found in *, *, *, and nearly all the tropical islands of the * * * * that the * * * *, * described by various * * * * * disease which was prevalent in the * and in * of the island, * * * * *, * * with it. The first mention of the * disease is *, * who met with it in * *. * at the end of the last * was the first to give * description of this disease, many physicians * * *.
* * * was observed in * as early as and in * later by * * In the last * * * * * * *, * * it the *. * in an essay on the "Natural History *" * * *; * * * of it *. * * * * * *; * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * account of * * * * of the * *, * divides the case into four stages: *, *, * *. The incubation stage is * the date of infection to the first appearance of the * at the sight of inoculation. * varies from three to *. The symptoms are *, * *, * of the limbs and *. The primary * begins with * *, which consists of a * which may be * anywhere on the body. * * *. * * * about a * after the * * * is intermittent *, *, *, * * in the limbs and intercostal *, like those of * * *. An eruption * * * * * on the face, and * * so that * body is covered at the end of three days. By the * the apex of the * is of a pale yellow color, and * skin has the appearance of being * over with *. * * * develops into nodules of * * * *, *, * *. It is only with * * that there is any resemblance to a *. * * following the * appearance the skin is * * *, * *, leave a pale *; * * * * * darker than normal, but in * * * * than the natural skin, and in * case is * * *. * * is almost *, and anemia is also a constant *. The disease * * and occurs at all ages and among *, to a lesser degree in whites and *, and is *. It seems to have a tendency to undergo *.
* *, or its synonyms, * *, * *, * *, * *, *, is a local * * on the face and other * *, * * * * * *, characterized by * of a *, a nodule, and a *, * beneath the * * * *. Its different names * * in which it is common, nearly always in tropical * *. It differs from * in the absence * symptoms, in its *, its occurrence often on the * the backs of the hands, its duration, and the deep * * leaves. A fatal issue is rare, but * * * may be left * * care is *.
* *, pressure, or *, * * *, may produce extensive and permanent *. * seen in its highest degree in * * * * *. * has published instances of this * the name of * disease," a disease * *, and particularly found in * * * * * this condition is the * * * * * * in two * reported by *, * * * * * *. * * * * cases of * * following exposure * *. * * * with recording * * * a boy of six in whom * * * * * * began to form at the age of two, and were distributed * the body. * maturity of the genital * * * the pigmentation, but the hair * *.
* * * * * *. * records a * * in a woman in whom, during the * months of three * *, the face, *, and legs * * like a *, * * * * * *. * * of a * * * * during each * * at first *, as if * been exposed to a * *, and then in * *. * * a woman with a pigmented * * * on the side of the neck, which became * * * *, and which was the first * sign of *. It is quite possible that the black disease of * * * * is due to extreme and acute development of * form of *. In chronic malaria the skin may *, from a * to a black *, * * to the influence of the *. * *, * * * and the * *" * * on the skin.
Acanthosis Nigricans may be defined as a general * with papillary * *. In the "International * * * *" there are two * *, * * * a woman * *, and the other by * in a man *. The regions * * mostly of a *, but in patches of a *. The disease * in the *, * * in the *. * * a case somewhat similar to these two, under the head * * * constitutional symptoms, in a * * *, * rapid onset of pigmentation. * Xeroderma pigmentosum, first described by * * is a very rare disease, but owing to its * * * *. * saw the first three cases in * * one as a type. The patient was a * * * general health and * * *. The disease * * * * * * * * *, * * *. The disease * the parts * in childhood. The whole of these areas was more or * * with pigmented, * *, * * from a light, * * to a deep *, and in size from * head to a *, and of a * and irregular * among the *, but not so numerous, * * *, which in some parts *, *, *, * areas. The skin * * * *, and either smooth or *, * * *, * scales. On these white areas bright red * *, due to *, and there were * * * spots and * * * *. * * * * * up from some of * *. * * ulcerated and gave rise to * *, covered with * *, * over the face, * on the right side. The * * these ulcers * * *. * * neither of * * of pain. * * cases, and gives a good * to date. * * cases of *, in one of whom the disease * * months, and in the other at a year, and * * is not a lesion due to external stimuli or * *, * must be regarded as a specific, * of the skin, of unknown *. * have shown that it may occur at * *, * * * *. * believes that * is an * degeneration of the skin, dependent on * *, to which there is a congenital *.
* is a name given by the older * to certain * * occurring on the skin of a white * * * is a synonym of *. According to * it is not * see the scrotum and the skin of the penis of adults *, so as to form a marked contrast with the * * * part of the thighs. * * with a woman in whom * of the pubic * * as black as that of a * nursing the nipples assume a deep * * * * *. * * * of a woman * *, * * * * * * of the color of * when she * * about the seventh month. * * * * * * except the eyes and the edges of *, * * their natural color. On some * * * deeper than on others; the * * * of a * * had the appearance of an * * * * * *. * *, which was * *, * * * *. She did not suffer *, and her * * *. After becoming *, * was very tender to the touch. The black * * days after * *, and following a * by which the * * * *. * * of a natural color. In the following pregnancy, and even * *, the same * * in the course of * *; in the eighth * * *, but in * month this * became the subject of *, * she had * each day. The existence of * * * * * which are distinctly * the pigmentation of *, *, or that produced * *. * * the case of a very * *, * *, without any appreciable *, * * as that of a * in some parts, and a * *. * has published the case of a woman * * * as black as a * in a single *. * * case of an old * * * * up to the age * * * * *, but then * as black * of an *. * * * have also * * cases of * *. One of the latter * * * * * * suffered from * *, * * was in a woman * *, * * * *.
* * has described an anomalous discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes * that produced by silver *. The patient, a * * *, * * over the body, but particularly in the *, and feet. The conjunctival, nasal, and * * * involved. The skin * warm, and pressure did not * *. * * * * were of *, *, * *, chiefly in * and left * *. The general health * * * and sensation * *. * * * in connection with the abdominal and *. * pains and * * * * * * *, * which time the skin * * * *. * * * * for three * * change in his *. There was nothing in * * to account for the *. A year * * * he had * * * * *, * * could not be discovered. He had had syphilis.
* * congenital and * spots of the skin. A man born in * the latter part of the last *, * * *, * the attention of the curious * * under the name of the "Living *" * the following appearance: The skin of the * part of the trunk, from the * of the neck * *, * of a * *. * * extended over * and the sides of the neck, and this * * * * of great * * * * *; the skin * rest of the body * of the usual *. * * * * which were the most covered with hair; on the * was a space of an * in diameter, * * * *, and where the * * * in number, * * *, and surrounded by a very small * *; * * * at the sides of the neck; there were a * * * surrounded by * * * * there were * * * * * of this *. In some places the general * color of the skin * * * surrounding the roots of the hair, so that * * * resulted. In many places the dark * * *. * * * *. * * * * * *, * * in all his * had a * * * expression of *. * *, as of mice, with a mixture of a * *, * * * * where the excessive secretion of the * * place. In those places the * * * * *. * * the case of a young man * * *, * and adjacent parts of the * were of a * * to that which is produced on the skin by the * *.
* has published an extraordinary case of * discoloration of the skin in a young * * *. * *, *, * part of the chest showed a * * *, * over the *, * *, and the mouth. * * * * with a white * * * parts of the * * on the *, * it, and leaving the *. * * * * red, the * * * *, and her strength and * like that of a person *. The only * * was a dry *, * * * or any deficiency of the sound of the chest * of the natural * of the heart. The * * *. She had been * as a * for the * years. From the time * * * * * * * * * *, * * * * * the air. The phenomenon * * * * * * by a bright * *, or when she * a hot and confined place. The * spread, and her * * * * with an * *, * * * * as the circulation * accelerated or * * * * should have *, the face * * of red. The changes * * like the * * * presented by the *. * * of the trunk, * *, the sclerotic * of the * *, and the skin of the head remained in their * * * their natural *. * * of the * * *. * * seemed to throw * * * case, and the patient * * * *. * blood, which * * of the * * * the sides of the vessel. * * stated that in * the nose she had * * * among the drops of * * * * * as a factor in the causation * * *.
* * of the skin are generally produced by *, by silver *, *, *, or some * *.
* has been designated as an * * * * discoloration of the skin. There are several * * * disease, that due to uterine *, * * * the skin assumes a dark and even * *.
* is a pathologic process, the result of which is a deficiency in the normal pigmentation of the skin, and * *. Its synonyms are *, *, *, * * *. * * the disease is *, * * *. It has numerous *, such as * * * *, * * *, * *, * *. * * * * * an acquired deficiency of pigment, * and not affecting the eye. * is congenital, * hair and eyes are affected as well as the skin.
The disease is of * distribution, but is * * noticeable in the * *. It is much more common * * among the * than is generally *.
* * * *" * * * * * * over the country, was a * case of * a young *, * * * for the case of * * *.
* represents a family of three children, all the subjects of *. * is more common among * is rarely seen in children, being particularly a disease * *. * * a case in an Indian * * *, * to an attack of * * * * is of varying *, nearly every case giving a * of time. It may be associated with most any disease, * * attributable to *. In a number of cases * has been a marked *. It has been * typhoid fever and pregnancy.
In white * there are * * * of pale, * * * * * *, * * *. In the * and other * * * * is seen. If the process goes to *, * * changes to *. The hair, though rarely affected, * * * *. There seems to be no *, * * change in the skin, * * *, * worthy of note. The eye is not affected; but in * the sclerotic * * *.
It appears first in small *, either on the lips, *, *, *, palms, or *, * * * * * together. The skin * thin and easily *. Exposure to the sun * it, and after the slightest * * * * cases have been reported in which the specific gravity * * * extremely high, due to an excess of urea. * attention to the * course of *, * one side, * on the other. The * * *, * margins may be * or diffuse. The mucous membranes *. The functions of the * * *.
The theory of the absence of pigment causing a loss of the olfactory *, * * * *, is not borne out * observations of Wood and others. * *: * * *, the result of * innervation of the * * * * referable to the organs of * *" It is not a *, as a * * deposition of pigment. * * of the sun * *; *, *, and many * irritants cause *, which is accompanied by a deposition of * is as common in * as in *, * in no way attributable to exposure of sun * *. * * show no vascular changes, * * a partial obliteration of the rete *. It has * * *; * * * is generally * * * * * *.
* * * noticed that * * * * * * *; but no definite * * * * * yet been demonstrated in this * examinations of * persons show no change * * capsule, a * organ of pigmentation.
* has no *. It is seen in the * of the * * *, * *, and the *. * * of the rete * should have the function in some * * * * pigment in excess of those * *, is in itself a mystery. By his experiments on * of a * * * established the * between these elements and *, * * * *.
* a solution of the central control of pigmentation * confirm the best theory of the cause of *, * of the skin. At present, whether the * is in * *, the conducting media, or the central *, * * to say. It is certainly not due to any *, as the skin shows no vascular changes.
* spots on the nails are quite common, * * young people. The * cause is the presence of air * * of the affected parts, but their origin is * * * in some cases they can be shown to be a * trophic changes. * records the case of a man * *, in whom * * * at the * of the *, * rapidly, and in three * into a band * * * a millimeter *. * were not affected. * * a patient who * relapsing fever and * an additional * * *. * * a case reported by * * * * * * of white, alternating with the *, * * * * on the * a young * * * *.
* describes a case of * * in a patient of *, following an attack of typhoid fever. * * * of this patient the nails * in their entire * *, *, * * *. An abnormal quantity of * in the interior of the nails * in this * * * *. It is certain that the nails, * to have * such a large quantity of air * * must have altered in their * *; * suggests that they were subject to an abnormal * *. * describes a similar *, *, * * *.
* *, or, as it was known in *, is a disease peculiar to *, or to those of * * by the *, *, * * of the hair, or by an alteration of the nails, * * * *. In older days the disease was * * * a prominent place in * * * * * * * *, * speak of * a disease * long known. The greater number of * the date of its appearance in * at about the year 1285,
under the * * *. * stated that in * * * * * * * * *, *, * * in the proportion of in 20;
and the * * * in the proportion of two * or
40. In * * * * the disease * * classes in the proportion of one to ten, and in the * one to * * the same * * as in *; but the disease has * * * * to the present *, * occasional cases are * in the United States.
* * * been more frequent on the banks of the * * *, * * * * *, than in * * *. * * * * * * * * * of children, * * *, * * * *, and the exposure of the skin to cold * * the production of this disease.
* * after an attack of acute fever, with * like those of acute * in the head and extremities, and *, * *, *, * *. Sometimes a * * was observed on the thighs, and there was * of the nails, which became black and rough, * * * * *. When the scalp * affected the head * to the touch * * *. * * * * * * over the cranium, * * *, * together, and * distended with * matter of * *, believed by * to be *. The hair * * * * the slightest * * severe pain at the roots. * matter of a very * *, like that of *, * according to * like that of mice * * from the whole surface of each * *. * * * * *, at first from their * at the * * along the entire length; * appeared to be * * * surface of the scalp and * * * *. If there was no * the disease was * *. The hair * * * * together in a * *, so as to resemble * * *. * * * together and formed * * * * the tail of a * * *. *, * in females, the hair would become * * * into one * * mass of various * * of the whole * was likely to be * * *. * * * * * * of a woman * *, the hair of which was of such length that it must * * around the body. There was formerly * * it was dangerous to cut the hair until the *. *, *, * * * * * * section of the affected * * this time has * to be followed by *, *, *, and even death. * * * by such * * * * * about all their lives with the * * *. * there was * * * regarding the etiology and pathology of *, * * * * has been proved to be * than the product of neglect, and the * due to * *, * by innumerable * the hair together, the term is now * * * *. * * of a rare * * * * *, * * * *, * * * * * specimen is in the * * * *; and the other was in a * * *. * occurred in young women, and in both * * * * the hair in * *, one in a few minutes, * other in a few hours. The hair * * up into a * *, impossible to unravel, limited to the right side * * patient, who had very long hair, and in * * the back of the head, where on each * was an *, very hard and firm, like a * and about the size of *. There was no reason to believe that it was * *; * * * * * * * * * * *. * * found the most * * * * a case of * in a woman. * * * * above the * of the neck, and in * * the length of feet. There was no history of its * *.
* nodosa is a name given by * * * to a case of nodular growth on the beard and * of a young man. * * noticed by * this disease affected the left side * * of a medical man, who * that the hair, * *, * *. * * the secretion * * seemed to be composed of * *. *, * portions of the internal * adhere to the * of the hair as it grows *, * * *. * states that he is informed * * * that this disease is common in * * * * *, and is * * be the cause of the loss of hair, hence the popular *.
* describes a case of mycosis fungoides in a young * of the age of *, * * * * * toward the end *, * was the third of a family of * * * * *. Of the children born * * *, the first * * * * * a few days * *. The seventh * * treatment for * * * ulceration of the lips * *. * in the patient * its appearance * * *, as a small * * in the middle of the back * * *. Many of the * *. At the time * the lumbar * was the * of the disease, * * presenting a most * *, * * an enormous * * * on the * *, * dark blue * covered with * *, * * patient was not anemic and appeared to be in the best *. None of the glands were *. According to * is little doubt that this disease is caused by * * access to the *. * * by their presence gives rise to proliferation of * *.
* * a case of mycosis in a native * * * *. There was no history of any * * * * three years * to his * *, as a red, *, * * on the *. * * * * *, at first upon his * first thing to strike * * was the * * the patient. In the hospital * it made * * *. The various stages of the disease * * the different parts of the body. On the chest and * * * *, on the * there were * *. On the scalp the hair * *, * denuded, and the * *. * * * * *. * between the various * * * *, * * * * over the *. The backs of the hands, * * * *, the wrists and ankles, * * * * them, while under the * epidermis of the * the hands * *. * * intense. The * * and died * days after his * * *. A histologic examination * * * of the various *. The disease * *" Mycosis fungoides *, * *, * * *.
* * an interesting case of * *, probably a rare variety of mycosis fungoides. The patient had * years a disease which * first appeared on the arms *, and which was * regarded by the physicians who * case as *. At times the disease would *, but it *, especially during visits to *. * time the patient * under the care of *, * * * *. The skin of the whole *, * *, the scalp, and the front of the chest, * of a *. The skin of the lips * * * that it could not * * folds, and was of a * *, * * *. All over the thickened and * * * crops of vesicles and *. The nails *, and the * beyond the nails * * with a *. The glands in the right * and the groin * enlarged. The hair on the * * *. * * in a condition similar to that upon the limbs, but less *. The front of the chest below the nipples * * * * the size of a * head. The back, the * face, and the scalp * similar lesions. The * lesions were * * on the back of the *, one on the right *, and the other on the left * * was the size of a *, and had * * *; they were covered with a brown, * * * suffered from * at night so that he * *. He was kept * *, and in * * * * advanced in a * *, * * * by a * of tension in the parts, after which a * * would appear. *, * on the * formed. The patient * left the hospital and died * * attack of pneumonia. A microscopic * a condition which might be found with a number of * * of the skin, but, in addition, there * * which were thought to *. * thought this case * * * * than any other *.
* * *.
* * AND MENTAL *.
* has been * recognized as a distinct type of disease since the time of *, but in earlier *, * * * *, it was * *. * of the clinical symptoms has become * * * era of cerebral * anatomy and localization. * the older records of * * * * * * * * * * only on *. * * * * at the * *. *, * * * a case in which the * with the * *. * * * occurred during the * * * from the *, * * * * during the * of which * *. * and the * * *. * * * * * * * * * before the eyes during the * *, * * speak of * * * * * *. * * * * * in which * preceded the paroxysm, in which * * * it, and a case in which the paroxysm * * *. * * * * * * in which * * appeared on the face; and * * * * are too numerous to *.
* * a case of * occasioned by irritation in the * of a *. * * a case of * * * and to * from a *. * * * * * * that produced *. * * * produced by injury to the * * * * account of the production of * * * in a *. * * * * * * * * * that was cured *. * * an analogous *. * * * arising from an injury to the thumb. *, * * * *, * * arising from * *. * * * * speak of *. * * case the disease was * * * attack of acute *. * * * * * * * * induced by the * * in the eye of a child * cured of the *. * * that the child * * * * * * * * diminished, and that the * * due to the * *. * * * * *, and instances of ovarian * * are quite common.
There is a peculiar case of * * *. The patient was a * who would be * * * *, * * * * * at full *. * * * * * * * *, * * * * * back. Once * ran into a * * * of water, from which he was *. * says that * * * *, * * a case * a severe * * * * * * * *, * * on the * *.
* * the case of a man who was * in the War * * *, * * * along the left ear * * * as to * the skin. * years after * * * * pain in the left ear and * * * * and partial *, * * * loss of power of * * names and * to the objects to which they belonged. He would, *, * * * * *. * the case of a dangerous *, * *, * * by a * and sustained an extensive * the right * bone, with great hemorrhage, followed *. Strange to say, after the * * * *, and was cured of his * *, but for * he was a * from the hips *.
* * * has appeared in various * * under the names of St. * *, *. * *, * *, *, *, *, * *. * * *. *, * * *, *; * * * phenomena of the nervous system have * *, * * very little resemblance to what, * * day, is called by this name. The * * * * * * that, at that time, it was * *. * of men and women * * * *, * by a common *, * *, * in hand, and * * * * until they * the ground *, * after the manner of * * * of our * * *. * * * they were * * * * *, * * * * * * * * *. Some of them * stated that * to be * in a * of blood which * * * so high. * saw the * open and * * * with the * *. The participants * * greatly from * which was * * * * * on the abdomen. A few months after * * * * its appearance * * * out at *, and about the same time at *, * of which were said to have been filled with * * * became the scene of the most * * * * *, * * *, * *, * * *; * * * * * * how to * * *, * * * *, * all sorts of crime and vice * *. * * * by the * * in 1418,
and it was here that the * * the name of St. *. *. * was a * * *, * at the time * about to undergo * * order of Diocletian, * * is said to have * * * that He * * * who would * the day of his * * * * *. The people * taught that a * * * * * *, *, * * is accepted."
* * * * * * *) * * *, * says that * stricken with it were * * by either * or death. * * * * * * *, and before the close of the * introduced into *. In his "Anatomy of * refers to it, and * of the * * * *. It is said they could not * one in *, and that they * * * * things, and * * * * * * * to give *, and provided them with * * * * * * * *. * * of a woman * * * *, * * for a month. * * many of * * for days and * * * * *, in the beginning of the * *, * * to make a study of this disease. * * * * for it, and * that he * many of the * * that probably the * * of St. *, gave rise to this * *, * * so many thousands * * aberrations of mind * * of the body. Almost * * * of "St. *" * appeared in * * * * * similar in character which was called *" * * to originate in the bite of the *. * * * * * in some form. In the * *, this disease * under the name of * *, *, * *, and very little * * to have been known in the * *, but in * part of the * century a peculiar * * *" arose in *; * * * * * *, * * of this * *; and even to the present day in some of the * * of our *, * not unlike * * the Middle * * *.
* * * * of St. * * into three classes *.
Those in which the * arose from * * *.
* * had their origin in * * depending on the *.
Those arising from * * * *. * * *, according to a strange notion of his own * * * that in certain vessels which are susceptible * * *, and thence * *, the blood * * * * consequence of an alteration in the *, * * * * * * *, and a propensity to *. The great * * * * * description of what is * * * hence the disease has been named * *" * * * * * * of the disease that it has never * by modern *.
The disease variously named *, * *, * *, *, *, or, as it is sometimes called, the * *, and the * * * *, has been * * * * * says that the * * * * directed to the subject by the descriptions of * * * * upon "The * * * * and that of * * *" * disease of the * *. * found that the * * * * * they were * to do. * who was sitting in a chair was told to throw a * * * in his hand, and he * * quickly that the * * a house *; at the same time * repeated the * *, with a * * * not unlike that of * *. When he was * * upon the shoulder * * * *, which he had been filling with *. * * * * * * * * * * to one * * *, and he repeated the words as they * * in a sharp *, at the same time * * * he had in his *, * * * *, * * * * *. It is related * *, * * on an * * *, that an elderly * * woman, with whom he was * * * * *, * began to * * showed a most ominous * * intention of * *, and all because a * * * * * * *; at the same time * * * * * at what * * * * to her * * * * * * *, * * to kill *. *, *, * of a * * * * * in his * over the bridge of a * at the same time a * * * * of wood * *; * * * * * of wood on an *, * by causing it to * over the *, and finally * fall to the bridge; the * * * * * * *, * * * on the *. * * * * *, *, among the * and the * * *, * * * * it in * * * * *. * * of a * * * *.
* * seen only one case of acute *, and records it as follows: "It was in a boy of six, * *, so far as * * from the statements of his mother, was *. He had had * * six months * coming to * had been labeled with a number of * *, * *, *, *, *, * *. * * * * *. * * near a * * *, * * * * * * * * that would leave a * *, * * * * * * to one side, * * in contact * * * object with * force, or, while *, * * * give a sudden *, and he would * * to the ground, and this * * * when he was * on the edge of a *. The child * * * for two weeks, and, probably because of * attack of diarrhea, * * * * *, * * of the full doses of * * * * *. He was * covered with * * sudden and * * with articles * *, *, and the walls. At last, * * * * *, * * to be * and put * *, * * * * solution of * * he was * * * times a day, when, to my * *, * * * rapidly, and at the end of six * * * * * * * for two * * * * * to his * in the *, * * informed that he has * * *. It has seemed to me that many of * recorded as * * have been * *.
* * * cases of general * * *, and describes them in the following *.
"The muscular * are of the usual *, * type, and of the same * as in what I have * to call * form. With them, however, there is associated * *, consisting of certain * * *, *, *, any of the * and abnormal * up and down the back of *, neck, or *, or the *, * * of most cases of true *. In both of * * * * existed for a long period, the exact * which, however, * could not determine, because the * the idea that he had had * * of the kind, * * * * friends and * seemed to * * were both men, * * and one * * *. * *, *, had only existed in one * about a year, and in the other for six months. * * away from * *, * * know nothing * * course. The other * * * * *, and during the three years that have * * * been an active * *, * I have not seen * during that period, as he took a great * * * * * forced to take * measures to keep * *, * * * * *.
* was first described by * * * * it the name because it was * characterized by an inability * the fingers and toes in any position in which they * *, as well as by their * *. * * * is a cerebral *, * * of symptoms * chiefly by a more or * mobility of the extremities and an inability to * in any * *. * *, *, * are slow and *, * * * *, * *, *, * *. * * of the digits * different from those * any other * * * * by the most * *, * * seen, are not likely to be forgotten. In an *, * *, * * * *, * * * and extend the * *, *; * are the long * and the long *. Therefore the hand is usually in the * *, * * of the proximal and * the middle and distal *. * * * * * correspond to those of the fingers * point of action. In * majority of cases the disease is confined to one *, and is a * * *. * * * * is generally * made. The only * with which it could possibly be * * * * *. Attention to the *, * *, having a quick beginning and a *, which is characteristic * * *, * * * that disease. * * * peculiar to * * may be easily detected in a few or many *, * care and patience * * on the part of *. This form of * is almost always a disease *. * * * is, in the opinion * * and Gray, * *. * *, *, * *, and the facial * * * * * hardly be mistaken by a * * *. The two diseases, however, are *. * * * palsy), with its * * *, *, * *, *' * of the fingers, and * * be readily * * by a *. It is, too, * of advanced *, *. *, *, *, *, *, *; *, *, * have written on this *.
The following is the report of a case * *, * double (or, more * *, *) *, * * * *: "The patient was a * *, * * when she * * into this, the Central *) Hospital, in *, She had had * of the * type for a number of years, was the mother of one *, * * * as a *. A careful * * * of importance as an etiologic factor. * * * of many of those * * *, * * into a state of almost *.
"Some degree of mental * * usually to * *, even when * by any other *. * symptoms of an * *, * upper and both lower extremities, had developed * * * into this *, but it was impossible to * when and how they *. She had never had, to the * her friends, an attack of *' * * *. * * symmetric, and without * *. * * * * * * * * constantly in motion. The * * usually in a state * *, * * * * * upward, and slightly *. * * * * of the * * marked. The feet * upon the ankles in a stiff and * *. * * * *' the muscles of the calf * * *. The act of * was accomplished * *, * account of *, * * * were not exactly under the control of the *. * * of the hands * to those of * *, though they were more * and active. *, including the *, * usually widely separated *, though they were * * *. * * * in slow, *, * *, * long in the same *. * * an object * of the hand was used, it * difficult to approximate *. * * * also implicated, * * * and extension. In fact * * * the entire * from the shoulder to the *. * * * * the arms were held *, as if to maintain the * of the body. * * physical health * * *. * * * headache, and when she * * * * all the * * would be * * * * *, * * it a *. The special * seemed to be *, * * * normal, except when an * * * * occurred in *, after an obstinate * * *" * * is a condition * * * affecting the trunk, * * of the face, abdomen, or *. The muscles * usually in the trunk and in the limbs, and not in the * *; occasionally the * * * as well as * degree of spasm varies greatly, * according to Gray * be so * as to throw the patient * * * * *.
* * is an extremely rare condition, * observed by * * The calf, *, *, * * * * * *, * * * * * the patient attempts to stand. The disease is transient, * are no * *.
* muscular atrophy has been observed as far back as *, but it is only in recent times that we have had * knowledge of the subject. It is divided into four * * * (causing the * *, * *; the juvenile type * in the muscles of * and arm); the facial type; and the * * progressive atrophy leads to a condition * the appearance of a "living *.
* * is an * disease, as yet of unknown *. It consists of wasting of the bones, *, and muscles of * of the face * head, the * * *. The accompanying * * * in which there was * depression of the cranium * * *. The disease is very rare, only about 100
cases having been reported. Of five * seen by *, * in females and two in males; in all the cases that could * the origin * between the tenth * * years. It * * *, * beginning in early life, * for years, and then * *. * * * * muscular atrophy by the *, which is not lost in the facial muscles in *, and there is no atrophy of other muscles of *.
* * * * * * * of the tongue with report of a case as follows: *. *, *, * years old, *, came to the *, *, * * * * * *' Save that she had had syphilis, * history is negative. In *, * * * from headache, * behind the left ear, and * sleep. At times there is quite * *. * after the onset, * *, * * * * and found the left side of the tongue *, *, *. For some * she could * * * *, * was not interfered with. After a few days * * * * headache, and * * no more of * until recently, as stated above, * noticed by * * * * *. She is a *, * * *. The left half of the tongue * * * as large as the right. The upper * * * and elevated. There are no *. * * * * to the left. * * * present. The mucous membrane is normal. * * * are preserved. * * * is present. The * *. There is no * * wasting of the face. * * of normal size and react well to light and *. * and gait are normal. There is * of movement in the arms * legs. The * * *. There is an attempt at, but no *, * *, * * of the foot * two or three *. There is no * swelling or tumor about the * in the neck. * * * are normal in the face *, but she * * * in the hands as if she * * *. There is no trouble * *, *, *. There is no pain or * in the neck * of the pharynx * no disease of the bones. * treatment the patient *.
* was named by *, who collected *. According to *, * cases have been reported in *. * * in an inability to stand * * * * there is no impairment of sensation, * *, or of the * of other muscles in * * lower extremities. In attempting to * the legs *; there are * * * extensions of the legs * *, and of the thighs on the pelvis. The steps are * the feet *; the body may make * * * * *, *, * *, and the head and * * *; * may become impossible, * * * * up on one * and then up on the other, * and head * * * *; * may be able to *, or by raising the legs *; or to walk on * and feet; * may be able to * at certain times and * *; or to * with both * *; * may succeed * * and with the arms *; * * * * * to use * * * * * *. * * * which have been called the *, * * * *. A tendency to go * * * * *, according to Gray, as has also a tendency to * * *. * * phenomenon in this disease * the patient can use the legs * * lying in * * seems to be *.
* disease is a disease * of the * *, characterized by nausea, vomiting, *, * *, and various other *. It is also * * * *. The salient symptom is *, * * * in degree according to the portions of * *. If the disease is in the labyrinth, the patient * * * to one side, and the * * * to such a degree as to cause * *, * * * *. * * the history of a patient with * *: He had been a * * *, and one * one of the * * in a *, he was *, * *, struck a * * * *, so that * that he * * for some time. At all * he was able to get * * * * * * * * *, and, of course, not a * * *. * * that he had been * by some * * * * * * nothing about it. Some time *, *, * * * * he had a similar *, * * came to the conclusion that nobody could have been * * made up * mind that it was * * * * * and he * * * * * * * * *, and gave * * * * *. A series of * occurred and * as to whether there was * * * *, or whether he was the victim of *, * * * *; for several months he had *. A new * * * * *, * * evidence of * disease. The * * disease are usually accompanied by nausea and vomiting, * account of the * of the face, and the *, *, * * * * mistaken for * disease of the middle ear the attacks are continuous * *. If the disease is in the middle or *, * * are generally *, but if the disease is * external ear, * * are generally absent, and * of less * * continuous. The prognosis * * location of the disease, but is always *.
* * has been known for many years. *, *, *, *, * *, * *, *, *, *, *, *, *, and others * *. * * * * victim of *, or, as it is *, *. The dissection * * of a * * * in the *. * * * * *, * *, * *, but who * * leaving the table * * to some * * * * * * * * * * *, * * * * * * * * *. The patient * from his * he had been the subject of *, and at the age of * * * * * means of relief. To those who are interested in the * of these cases * * * offer the * a number of cases.
In a recent * before the * * * * * * as the functions * * * in the human subject. * * * cases, among them that of the * *, * acquired the * as a result of * * *. * reported a case of a young * was the subject of *, * * * * * *. No special treatment was *, * * * *, with the purpose of * * *. There were no * * * * *, but it was noticed that there were no * * * he took until the fifth day, when a slight *. * days later a similar * * removed from * side of the left skull, and from that time * months) to the time of report, * had been *. Whether the cure of the * in this case * due to the operations on the cranium, or the result * * *, is a * for discussion. * that, when *, * * almost invariably * * * * * the esophagus, or the result * *.
* * * * * * said that two cases had come to his knowledge, both in *, but one of them * of only by *. The other *, * * *, * * * from early childhood, and he did not * he had * * * the matter with * * * * * upon the functions and diseases of *. This man was not *, and was certainly not *. He had * * work as a physician, and * * * *. He was something of an *, * * * *. After a * * * * more marked. * had been *, * as good * * *, several hours after the *. If he * check the * * * had a slight * * in the stomach. * said that these cases * * *, and were types of * *. There was * * * with any form of * that he had seen. In some of these cases of * the food does not appear to enter the stomach, * * by a sort of spasm of the esophagus. This has * *" and is apparently * * * *, * some have called *" * * * * said that this would seem to be an * * *. A student friend of his who had been * this way, * written an elaborate monograph on the * * * with the *, and finally * it by * of his *.
* * * cases of hereditary *. These patients belonged to three generations in the male *. * * the contents of the stomach of one patient * an extensive *, * * * * *.
* *, the length of time a person can go * * is the same as that during which he can * *. *, particularly those of an * * prone to make statements that they have not * * *, or that they never sleep at all, but a careful * * during the * * these patients show that * at least been in a *, * condition, which is * * * equivalent to sleep. Accounts of * * * arise from time to time, but a * * * * *. * typical of *, * * one from *, *, * *.
* * of this *, * * the attention of the entire medical profession two years ago by a * * * days, and last year by another * * * * hundred and * days, is beginning * * * * will be more serious than the preceding *. * * on the * * * * *, * * * * * for twenty days and *. * * * * * as usual, and is full of business and activity. He does * * * * * from the *, * * * * * hundred and * *. During that * * to all of his * *. * * now that he * though he * * * *. He does not seem to * about the prospects of a long and * *. * * it to any one thing, * * that it was * by his use of tobacco * *.
*, or, as it has been called, *, is a * phase of * * analogous to the *, or double * * * *. * * * * * * it is said that the physician * was a victim of *. *, * *, and many others of the older * * examples of this phenomenon. * * the particular way in which * seem to *. *, *, *, * *, *, *, * * nearly all the * * * have written on this subject. * manifestations of * are still among the * * with which * has to deal. * * * * * * * * * * * *, * no surprise, but that * * * * perform a series of complicated * * * the assistance of the * * *. * he will rise in the *, * * * *, go out on *, and in some cases on * * he would not * * * * *. * * * * * * * and fields, * * * * without knowledge of * * *.
The state of the eyes * * varies considerably. They are sometimes *, * *, * * open; the * is sometimes * *, *, * natural, and for the most part * *.
* seems to be hereditary. * * an example in which the father and the children * *, * * * * individuals in the same family have *. * gives a history of three * * * * at the same *. A remarkable * * was the case of a * * * and a half *, in an attack of *, * to the stable, * *, asked for * *, * * with the * * *, and when he * had no * * * *, having been * an hour in his *.
* * the case of an * * *, *, and a deep *, who was observed * * in his *. * * that he slept with his * * * * *. * * * *, and his * extremely slow. * * * * * * of his * *, *, * to his *, and mounted * *. * * of the court * * * * it with the aid of * *. * * *, * to a * *, * all the * of one *. In another * * with his * * * *, and finally * * *. * appeared to be * * * * *, but a light * * * * * *. * * * * * * *, or if a * * in his *. * * * us the example of a * * arose in the *, * * studies, and * * * *; and there is another record of * * * * * in his *.
* * * * * the case of a young * who was in the habit of getting * during the * a state of *, * *, *, * *, * and writing *. When he had * * * * * * * he had written and correct it. In order * whether the * * * use of his * * * a piece of * * * * * * * the paper upon which he was *. * * * * being in the slightest * *. * * * * * * pieces of music, and when it * the words were written in * * characters and did * over the corresponding * * * * * * out, and * * over again with great *.
*, * *, * * * * * * him as if * * * light in his *, but when * * * * * *, * that he had *. * *, *, was found by *. * * * * and looking * words in *. * * * * *, * * * * about, as if in the dark, and, * * * * in the *, * did not resume * * he had * * * at the fire. * * to the light of every * * the one * his attention * *.
* * of a * * * unable to master * * * * * * * * thinking of *; he was found * at night by his * * * * * * to spot as though he were at *. He was * * that he paid no attention to * of the *, * to the * * * *. * * the teacher * * if he had * * *, * * that he had, * * it and * *. There are many such * on record. * * * * of a * * made in his * * * *. * made a * of her *, * * to a chair and the other to the top of a *. * * * * *, made the sign of the *, * *, * tried to hang *. *, * * *, * her to hang as long as * *, and then * *. At another * * attempted to kill * * * * on the floor * * * * * out of the window. * * * * * *, * a glass with water, * * * *, and hiding it * * * to her * *; the next *, when she * * *, * her mind once more, writing to her * * * of purpose. * * * * * upon a * * in a condition of * * * of ideas in the * * * * * in the extremities. * * * * * * * * it, and finding * * *, * *, * out a *, * * and an *, * * * * * down and * to his * * * * *, * asking for a *. A thick * * * * * * * so as to completely * * a few minutes, during which he wrote a few words * * *, * *, but without any *. * * removed and he * * *. * may assume * * * as to result in the * * *. * a case of a man * *, * * *, * * * when in a state of *. He was * * * *, and some of the most remarkable facts of * * * * in the evidence. It is * * when a boy * * at night * *, *; took a * * * * * to a * * * * *. At another * * worked in a * * * * *. Again, when * *, * * in a * * * attempting to save * * * * * *. * * phase of his * the impending * * * * to which he *. * he would imagine that the house * * * the walls about to fall * *, or that a * * * * wife and child; and he would *, * all the while. He would * the imaginary * * *, and in fact * * one of his * * he was in a * with a * *. * * * * in these *, and had * his father, * *, *, *, * * * * * * one of his *. * would always be wide open and *; he was * * * pieces of * which were in his *, * * * them at * * *. At the time * * of his *, in a * *, * * * * * * * * up from the floor * * * *, * * * * *. * * at the * * it to the ground, and when *, to his * * * * found that he had * * * * * record has been reported of a student * * * * * * * *; * * * * * up in another portion of the building; but he had not * * of the events of the *.
* * * * by a *. According to a prominent * * *, one of the most * and at * * * cases of * * a few years ago *, *. A young man * * * had been in * * * in his * * *. Like most * * *, * * had been * to himself or *. * * * * * to them. * * * began to stay away from * longer than usual and always * * *. * * * * *. * * * * followed the * * came to a *, * * leading to the *. * * followed with difficulty, * * * * * * * *, * stones and * * * the sides of * *. For more than a * * * * * * came to a large * *, * * with its * * * out in the * on the * * * came to a large * * * *, * * * on his hands and knees and began * * it. The * * *, * * * * * and come back. He was * by the *, * * *, and was *. Each night * * he had been * * *, * out on the *, * * * * *, * to the *, and returning * * * * *.
*, *, and night * * * * a subject and one * well known to be discussed * * here, but * be well to * that sometimes * are said to * * * * * *. * has often been preceded by * * *, * * fever is often * * * * *. * has collected a * of these * *, * to indicate that * * symptoms of disease * themselves a * * * may occur. According to *, * * * are signs of cerebral *. * * are, in women, signs of impending *. * * and red objects are signs of inflammatory * of distorted forms are frequently a sign of * and diseases of the liver."
*, *, * *, lasting for days or weeks, are really examples of spontaneously * * * * patients or subjects of * *. * * in these cases takes the form of * there is * rigidity of the muscles which will allow the * * placed in various positions, and * * so for * even hours. In * * * the patient may * into a deep and prolonged * lasting from * hours to several years. It is in this condition that the * * argument for their stories of premature *, * the same source the * * *" * * *. * says that some persons are in the * * into a * * spontaneously. In these states * be a lowering of * *, * * * * * *, and excessive * * * of the *. The patients can * and may respond *, * * * * * * do not appear to *, *, * see; the eyes are * upward, and the * * as in normal *.
This subject has been investigated by such * * * * * *, and medical literature is full * *, * differing in the physiologic *; some of the most striking of these will be *. * * * * a strange case of a * * *, it is *, * * * * * * * only to fall * * * * of the same *. * * * * * reported by * * *, early in this *. * * * * *. This man passed into * * * in which he * everything about *, but in his * * seemed to have passed * * *, this condition * on with a * * * as with "far more * than any * * * * from a *" * also lost * * the head *, * * it in the *. * * there was observed the case of a * * after a profound * * * * * a state of * lasting from * * *. * * records a case of * in a young * a sudden * in her * year, and * * *. * * * * in a sleep * years. In the first year * * * from one * * * during the day. In the second and third * * * * * * * *. * * * * and sometimes had no * * *. * * the history of a man * * * * *, * * * * * state of * * * *. One day * * * * out and asked for a glass of water in * manner, and so * * * that she * * *. * * * * nothing that had occurred during * months, and * who was * * * * *. * * fact was that he * a field of * * * * about the time * * in the * same field was now * * * *. * * from the * * * * worse and died * *. There is a record of a man * *, * * * five years, * * for more than * at a time, and then only at intervals of six weeks or * * with his * * * but he * * *. * * * once or twice a day, and had * once in from six to twenty *. * such severe * * proved of no *. * * * * *- *, a healthy *, *, after being * * * * * *, * a severe * * * a long and deep * lasting for * * at a * which it was impossible to * *. * * * * nine months, but in there was a * by a slight * * * * *, and again in he was subjected to periods of * * * * at a time. * * * * * * * * * days, and again after * in her * * * * * * *; * * to draw a * to feed *. Four years later, * *, * * * * * *, * exception of the eighth day, when she * * * * *, * * asleep in the chair. * * * * * * seemed to * *; * * * *, * * *, and there were * *.
* * * cases of * sleep, the longest * * * six months. * * * *. * of the * * a large part of * * *, one case * hours, and another *. The patients were * middle life; * * * males, and one was a child * * was not *. * * * * * *, * * * * *, * * * victim to * * * *, * * * * as a *, * died in *. * * * * * * and began to *, * * train of thought * * * interrupted by *. * * a case in * * * *. * was a * * * and never had * * *. * * * * * in a * * * on the *, and this * by an * loss of * and by *, * * * * * * * * * *, and died a few days later. * of New * * * of a * * * who had been * for the * *, * * at certain *, * * * * * to ten minutes. The sleep * * age of *, * * large doses of * *. Periods of consciousness * *, * * * every hour * * *, * * *, * *, and at *, and once or twice * *. * * *, and nothing seemed to * *. * the case of a woman who, for one hundred and * * in a * *, * only a * * * * maintained by means of the stomach *. * * contains the report of a young woman * * * completing the fourth year of an * * * * after a *, and on the same * * * *, * * into a profound * * * was kept alive by small quantities of *, * * * *. * * * diminished, and * * *. There is * * of a * * * *, * * * * * * *, *, who had been in * state for * *. * body would * * position in which it was placed; * * * *; * * * * *, and is * * * * * at night. The strange feature of * was that the * * * * and increased * * *. It was noted that, some months *, * * injured and had * * *, * attributed to *, after which he began to * * * *, * * * * and Planes * *, * a man who * * * * * * *, * * first signs of sleep, and on * * it was * * * * *, * * *, more or less * * *, * gradually, and * * * by the middle of *. He was * by hand * *, was placed on a *, and with one exception * in bed. * * * * * * * *. The latest report of a * *" is that of * * *, * *, * *, * * had been * for two hundred and *. She had been * by a number of men of * * *, * * as to the cause * * *, * agreed that there was * in the case. * * were of excellent *, * had never * to them to make any * * * * * state of their *.
* phenomenon of * * * known to the Oriental nations, and even to the *, *, *, as well as to other * since the * * * *. * * * *, * * * *, * * *, * * * *, * * * * *, * * * of the Middle Ages, the * * * and early part of the * * * symptoms that were, and are still, * * * * * *, but which * * what we know of *. * * * * * * * for days with their * * to the *; * * * * * a long period with the finger applied to the nose; * * * * at will; the * * * * * * * of the * * *; * * *, * on a * *, * * * * * * * * * * * *, of whom it was said that he would * * * * * these are * * *" *.
* * * of as a * * * * produced, and characterized by * * * *, * * * *; a condition * * the patient to yield * to commands * *, and there is intense * * * * * some idea * *. There are * of inducing *, one of which is to give * to the * * * * * * * * *, or by * an image of * state in the * *. The latter is most * * *. * * * the attention of * as much as possible, and * * *, * method has been used by others. * * * * * * *, *, * *. Taste and * * * * *. Fixation of the * * the most *, but the * of a * * *. According to *, * * * * are used to produce similar *, for example, * * * among the *, * * * * * * * * *, *. Instead of these *, * * of the *, we find * * * * ones are made * * example in *, the field of * work, the * * * *, or a sudden ray of light; however, it is more than * * *, *, physical stimuli, * * stimuli, can induce *. * we have to do * * * * removed from paralysis from *. * * * is also * into play * *; * * * on the * * * * *. It is * that touches on the * induce a * state in *. * * * by stimulation of the *, such as *, used to send * * *. * states are said to be produced * * * * * * * *; * *, *, accompanied by music and other * *.
* * * * * * * * of the * * * *; * *, who has had a particularly * in the field of *, * * opinion is * *, says that he has * * * *, from the expression of their eyes and * *, as well as from * * * * a long time, * him as being in a * *. * may have been induced by * and uniform *. *, *, *, *, * * * * * tell us * * * * * *, * * * attempt at * * * of our present scientific knowledge * * * * decline to accept * * * * *. * to be the only *. It is a well known * * * * * * can be * and the * some of the * is due to this fact. * * * a probable explanation for the * * * over many *, and have their * * * * powers of the *.
* * aspect of * may be called in to answer * * may be * * *. * * * been before the public in the recent trial of * *, *. It was claimed that his * * *, * *, had been *. * a case of * * in the * * * brought to light by a trial in the * * *.
As to the therapeutic value of *, with the exception of some minor * * * cases and in *, * * * that its use in Medicine * very limited.
* * is a peculiar *, * * in character, which occurs among the * * * * * *. It has been transported to other * is endemic in *. According to * it begins * malaise and *. * there is * * * * until the patient is nearly all the time in *. * * he is dull and *. There is no * * may be *. * *, *, is not * skin is *, the tongue * * *, * * * * * congested and prominent. The cervical *. The disease ends in * and death. * *. Sometimes the disease is more *, and toward the * * * convulsions and muscular *. * revealed no pathologic changes.
* * * an interesting paper on the sleeping sickness * *. The disease may occur in either sex and * *, though it is most frequent from the twelfth * * years, and in the male sex. It begins with * the cervical glands, and * * sleep at *. At first the patient may be *, but later * * * * or coma. Death occurs in from three to *, and is due to *. * * * * * * passed from *. At the autopsy are * of the arachnoid, and slight * * *. There is also anemia of the * one of his cases the spleen * *. He was * * the disease as a *.
* is a disease of the * of language, that is, a * of the processes by which we see, *, and at * * appreciate the meaning of symbols. * * * * * * * * to others by means of the *, *, *. * * may be central or in * *. * varieties of * *.
* * *.
* * speech and written language.
* * *, written language, and *.
In most cases there is no paralysis of the tongue or * organs. As a rule the * is unaffected, * has the ideas, * lacks the power to give them * * *, written language, or *. * * * * to write, the condition is known as *, *, etc., are terms of different * *.
* * probably a case of incomplete * * * * *, that of * * who was unable to tell * *; and many instances of persons * their names * nothing but cases of temporary or incomplete *. * cases of incomplete and in nearly all cases of *, * sentences are *. * * * * * * affected with * * * forced to * after the sentence, * * * * *" the words * * * there." A * seen by * * on the * of a * to receive * * * * * expression of *, and show * * *, at the same time * * * the words, *, * *" * * * * * *. * * * * but not * often use * * * * *" * *" Men of the lower * retain their * *. Sometimes the phrases * * *, * * * *.
* * * the result of sudden * *, in such cases being * *; it may be *; it may be * of either primary or secondary malnutrition *.
There are some cases on record in which the sudden loss and the sudden return of the * are quite *.
* * the case of a woman who on * one of her * * * * * *, * * * for three *. It was * found that she * * *. * weeks after the * * * only in a very limited vocabulary.
In the * * * * * of the case of * *, * * the power of * * *; after a * * following a * * * * voice, and thereafter he was able to * *.
* records a * case of what * * * *. The patient was a young * * for several months * * * *, * * * * * * * * * began to * *; *, * she could *, * * return for several weeks. * * that during * patients may * * * in the natural *.
* * the case of a boy * * who was * to his * * * * of the left side. * several days after * and continued * * months. The boy * * * * *. * six months after the original * * * with necrosis of the jaw, for which he *, and was * a month later. From this time * * * * * his death, * * * * * *. * postmortem examination * total destruction of the Island of *, * * *. * * * * * * who could only * the words "come on to me," *" * *" and "no." * * the history of a * *, a patient of St. * *, *, * * * * nine months. * case was * * * and he * * to all the * * process of * as though he * * *. * * * to speak again by * * *. It may be worth * to state that after * * * * with his original * *.
* * * cases of loss of * * * * * *. Two of the patients *. According to * * symptom is sometimes * and in other * * * after an interval of several hours. In those * the effects of the * * lasts for an *. * * seen by * had not only * * * * of the bite of a * *, * * * * *, *. In the rest of * * * * *. * * that the * * intact, and * * power of motion *. * woman who had been * * * * under the influence of a strong * * *, but when the * * * * * * * accounts for this peculiar manifestation of * * that the * * * of the middle *, and when the symptom remains a permanent * * of the * is probably due to thrombosis * above the temporary *.
*, or loss of *, is the most common disorder of *; it may be caused by * *, *, congenital absence, * * * *, or it may be a symptom of *.
*, * * * cases of * *, suggests that a * on the occiput is generally the cause. * * * case, but of six * * * * were caused by a * on the * of the head, and two * right ear. The prognosis in * * * *, although there is a record of a man who * * * * *, * * head and producing * * * * * * *, and who for several weeks * * *, * * *.
* * a case of a woman * * *, after an injury to her nose from a fall, * * headache and loss *. Two years later, at bedtime, or on going to sleep, * * sense of * *, which were * or animal, and * in nature. The case * * *, * * *, during which the * * * *.
* has been * * * * * disturbances of pigmentation. * * * * * * * * * * * as the * *. *, * of the posterior * of the *, has given * *.
* * of the olfactory system may lead to *. * * * * of the * * * * the report that * * * * bottom of a * in one of the * * * * of the *, at the bottom of which the * *. * * greatly from the * *, * * * * * * * * * sense of *.
In a discussion * * before the * Association of *, * there was an * * who was very * of the * * * * mentioned that he * a man who had * * * * taste and *, but who claimed that he * *. * * of a case in an * * loss of taste and *, * * * * * by an * * *.
* is an increase in the perception of *, which rarely occurs in persons other than the * * *. * * * as a * process, as in the *, * engaged in particular *, such as * is a rare condition, most often a symptom of * *, in which * * of a similar, * *. * * * are sometimes noticed * *. They form * * cases, when * gives rise to * *, *.
* of the * *, * * reference to the * of pain, * * * *. * * a case in which there was the sense of two objects * * * on the *. * * * * * * the location of pain * * *. * * * * cases of * * * * of pain. These instances cannot be called *, and are most interesting. In one case the * * * from a urethral * * *, on the * the head. In another an individual * * * * * *, * * * pain in the finger, * * in the face and neck of that *. * * * * * * who had a small * on one * * * * * *, * seemed to cause a * in the *.
* is the name * given to that variety of * in which there is an intense * * * *. This subject * * * overlooked in *, but in the * * it was * *, *, *, *, *, *, *, and others have written * * *. It is said that the inhabitants of * * as the * and the *, are the most susceptible * *. For a long time * * * of the * intensity of * among the *. * * * from this * have been * among these *, particularly on * * * * *, * * *" This statement, which is an *, * * due to the social * of the *, who are brought up to a solitary * life, and * * * attachment to and * * * and immediate family. In the * * * * been a factor in mortality. In the * * *, and in * * *, * * * * among the young * affected with * * *; it is among the * people that most of * on this subject has been *. * * * * * in a foreign * * * * * into a * * *, * *, * * * *. According to * * * women are less * * than men. * has been * * * *. * * * have discussed * * *, * * * interesting cases *, *, *, *. * * of a * * * * * * * * * *. * *, * recovered from his * * * the hospital * of his * *. * * cases of fatal *. One of the * * * * * * * * from his * * *. * talking about and * * * *. The second * a member of a * * * *; * * * * * * * *.
Animals are sometimes subject to *, and instances are on record in which * have been compelled to * * * * * * account of their * *. * of a * who, in the presence of food, * * *.
* consists of a mild form of * in which there is a tendency to * the various * of the * their importance, * * * at times * * * * * * *. All sorts of symptoms are *, and the doctor is * to the * by the * of the patient.
* * * *, called by the * *, * *, and by the * *, have only * * * *, * * interesting cases of minor *. * * * * in this subject, and free * * made to his work in the preparation of the *.
* is a name given by the * to the fear of the sight of any * *, such as a *, *, * * *. * * * * * * * * * *, who could * * * of a * *. * * an interesting * a female * * * * after the fatigue * of two *. She could not * *, * * * * on the table, and was * * * * * account of her * * at the * *.
* * * of an open space, and is sometimes called *. * * * * * * * * affected with this *. * * * * to go across a street or into a field, is * * * * * *, and has to run to a wall or fall * * unable to proceed. There is * *, * * * * * *. According to * * * * are usually present, but there * *, * of mind, or loss of consciousness. * is quite * of the * of the *, * unable to overcome *. * * is in * and is * to the violent * *. * * patient who could not go over the * * * * * * * *. * * of a * * had never had * children, and who was * * * for the past six months had not been able to put * * of the window or go upon a *. When she * * * * * unable to traverse the open *. * a case in a woman * *, without any other * * *. * * a case of * * *, in a woman * *. There is * fear of high * often noticed, *; so that many people dare not trust themselves on * or other *.
* is the fear of the view of * spaces or * *. * * *, at the age *, had an * fear of the view of the * it is said that when he crossed the * a bridge * * *, * on both sides with plants and * * view of the water over which the * * * *. * * *, * * *, and always had to close * * at the sight of * * of water, when he was * * * * * *. Occasionally some * * * has led to * * * large sheets of water, and there have * in which persons who have * into the water * have all their lives had a * * * *.
* is the * * *. * describes a case of such a * condition in a patient who could * * within an * or small *. * a patient of * * suffered from * * in a * * or in a small *. * * * * * or go into a small * so long as the * * *, and on the * she had to * * * leave the * *. The attacks * * *, * * could be * into believing that the door to * * * *, and then the attack * *. * * * a young woman * * * * * who had a great fear of death * into a * *, and was * * * * * * * * *. * patient had been in *. The case was * * more to fear of an * to true *. * * a case * in a woman * *, * * * * a history of hereditary *. * * of a case in * who was * * * * way in the ascension * * *, when she * the door * *. * * the case of a * * * * * to be * * nothing, but who was unable to sleep * room of which the door * *.
* * * is a * fear of being * * *. It was first recognized by * * *, * * * who was * * * * on a country * * * view of the sky, but who was * * * under the * of trees. He was * by an * always to use an umbrella to obstruct * view of *, and in this way * * were made *. * an old woman who had * * * life from * * * * the same susceptibility and * *. * she could tell the approach of a * * * *. *, *, * *, * * *, * * * * during a *.
* is a mild form of * characterized by a * of the contact of *. It was named by *, * * * * * times a day, so great was the * *. These patients make the closest * * *, * * * * *, and all * * * * * fear of *.
* is a * of blood, which seems to be an * * * * man, but which is * *. When the * * * to such an extent * cause distressing symptoms or *, it takes * * *. There are many cases on record and * * * * one or more, * * *.
* * * * * *, * being the fear of dead bodies and the other the fear of death *.
* is a symptom of mental disease consisting in fear of *. *, *, *, and others have * on this disease. The * of this disease * *. Patients are not able to remain * * even the shortest length of time. This * * * * is sometimes so great that even the presence of an * * *. * * * instance in a man * which was complicated with *.
* is the result of abnormal * * *. * case was in a woman * * * * *, * * read the works of *, * * to take * * * * over the causes * in the *. * * * instance in * * *.
*, examples of which have been cited * *, is the fear of * objects in *, and is often the * *. The latter disease has * * * *, and nearly every large * * agents to * * growing number of *. * *, * * from the highest classes of *, * * * an intense * * * *. * have been instituted against many, and * been called into * to speak on this question. * * have been known to notify the large stores of * * of such patients.
* * * * has given to the disease in which there is a * doubt about * done, the name * * *. * a case in a patient who would go out of a *, *, and then come back, * as to whether he had * * * *, * off a little *, * * * * * he had * * *, go back again, and so on * *. * relates the history of a case in * man who in * * * * spend an hour * determining whether he should * take off * coat or *. In the * he would sit for an hour with his * * *, unable to determine which he should put * *.
* * * fear of syphilis. * is a fear of * which sometimes * all the symptoms of * disease, and even * *. *, *, and others have studied cases. In * * * was an *, a woman * * *, * * * had been * with the fear of becoming *, * * the symptoms * * * as to *. At their * * was the victim * * which almost * her to the point *.
* has been * among the *, * or increased * inspection of * *, * * subject of *, *. * * a woman *, of intense * *, who was * *, and lost her husband six years *. She had * of marriage * * *, and was * * * * of the * who had * * * that the * was due to *. * * * overcome by contact with men in public *, * of contamination * so great. *, * * * *, has been mentioned under * * * head of *. * is a general * * of everything * *. *, the fear of *, is another * of the *. The minor * * *, or fear of *; *, * * * * *, * * * all their time in * or fear of *, *, will be left to * * * * works on this subject.
* is a form of * in which a person * * * of the devil. * records of this * frequent, and in this * * * the history * * *, *, * sons, and two *, * *, with the exception of one *, who was a * *. * * * * by a * *, and had all sorts of *, * * * of the whole family in an * * a month. * * free from the * * *, when first the mother, and then * all the * of the family, * * * * * * * sent to the *, *, after a * of five *, they were all * * * *.
* * may be * only, that is, due to an existing condition of the organism, which, * *, is of * character. Such, for instance, are those due *, * * or cessation of the *, *, *. These cases are frequently of a *, and may lead to derangement of the *. * the history of a * *, at the beginning of her *, * * * * to a * woman who was employed in the house as a *. * * * * * * was at once * * *; * * in a few minutes * vomiting and * and physical * * several hours. * would have sent the * away, but *. * * * *, as she was a good *, in order that she * * * regarded as an unreasonable *. * *, *, too great, * * one occasion * * * *. * * * *, * * * *, *, * from an open * * *, * * arm, and otherwise * * * * * * confined to her * for several weeks. * *, and for some time *, * * * * * *, in which the * * * * *. Even after * * the mere thought of * * * * on a * * *, * * * * * * * that the *.
Circular or periodic * is a rare *. According to * reports of very few cases have appeared in the *. * * *" * *, * it as * subdivision of periodic * *. * * * author of * however has given * * * on the subject. * *: * have had * * * * cases of typical * *' * * * * there were, * *. *, in 800
patients cases of this peculiar form of mental *. *, who was the first * to describe *, found in 2300
cases of * * * per cent to be *, * *, *, *. *. * states that less * of one per cent of cases in the * * classed as * * * have proved to be *. * examination of the annual reports of * * * for the * in this country, * a few * * made to this as a distinct * *. In the New * * * there is a * classification of mental diseases in which *) *' occupies a place. In the report of * * * * * * *. * * * in those *, *, * *' out of
1428 cases, only one * * *) *' * *. * * only one case in * * * * class. In the institution * *, * *. * is the *, patients have *, * three of whom * * cases of *. Of the cases of * in the State * *, *, less than four per cent * put in this *. There are in the Central *) * * * * for the * *) *, three of * * cases of * *, but they are included * *' This same * * * * * the other * for the *.
* * * cases of * *, one of which was * *.
* *, * *, * years old, of fair *, *, * *, * * * * * * * prior to his * to this hospital, in *. This condition * * after a period of fever. He was * in the vicinity * scarcely any information could * * * *. * * he was in * * * *; he was the very * * *. * * * * * * of mind. * * * *, * * for the purpose * * * *. On one occasion * * * to kill *, but when the means to do so * * * *, * * he would do the * at another *. * * * * * * * * *. From this state of * * * *, * *, * *, * * *, *. During this period of * * * * he was taken out on the * * * proved to be * * * *. * *, and when * to the hospital a few weeks * he was in * of great * * *. * * *, and he was, as it were, * * * *, * *, * * *. * * * of great importance * *; * * * well and *, * * * * for keeping * * in a * *' It was * * *, if not interfered with, to deliver a long * * *, during which he would become * * *. * * * of having a remarkable * * names and dates. * * * observed in this type of *, * *) * * * to be somewhat * * *, * * * *, but would * * *' * * and the like in his hat, *. * not often * * * at night, and then only for * *. * physical health * *. * *' as it were, * nearly a year. After * * * * there was a short * * * * set in, which * * * *. * time this patient is in the * stage or period of * *. *, thus the * * * * * *, and in all * they will keep this * the final * in the battle of life * *' * *, according to Gray, is a cerebral disease of cyclic *, ranging in * from primary * *, confusion, and *, one or more of these stages * *, * * * * * the mental *.
It is * impossible to enter into the * forms and instances of * in this *, but there is one * *, which may be of interest. * * * *, "A Modern *" * * a history of a man *, who died in the * * *. He had been * * * * * *, * * * * * * proportions of the * of a * * *, and ultimately * * * with her. * spend hours in * of the inanimate object of *, and finally had the * that the figure, * of features, * * to his * as usual at last *, and the wife of * by his * *, in a * * * * * *, and this resulted in a * attack on his * * * * * * of his *. He was * * * * *, * * * * * * the influence of his * *.
An interesting condition, which has been studied more in * * *, * * *, * *, *, * is called by the *, *. * * cases an individual at different times seems to * * *. The idea from a * * * * * *. * * *. *" * * on this subject * * * * * *, two of which will be *. The first was the case * * *, * * years of age, * * * attacks, and on one occasion * * * * for a period of five * * *. * * *, and her * *. About three * * was discovered in a profound *. * * * *, * * * * * *. When she * * apparent that she had * * * *, * *, * *, and the house * *. She might be compared to an * child. It * * * * *. * was taught to * * from right to left, as in the * *. * * * * * * * * * * * which were to her devoid of meaning. The * *, * *, * * * * *. * * * * * * a change * *; * to excess in the first *, * * *, *, *, even to *. * * * * and the *, * by the dangers * * country in which * *. * she had a fresh * sleep, and returned to her * *; * * * memories and again * * * *, * to be *. * * * of the second *. A new * * back the second state, with * of consciousness * * it the first * * * * a great many times from one * * to the other. * * * * * period of * *. At the end of that time the *. The patient was * * years of age; * * a mixed *, but more closely resembling the second * *; * * was neither * * *, * *. * * at the age of * *.
The second case was that of an * * * * *, living in * *, * one day * * * * himself, or * * * *, * *. Having a little *, * * a small * *, * instead of being a * of the * * * *, * * * * * under the name of *. *, * * * *, and acted like other * *, in the middle of the *, * * to his *, and finding * in a strange *, * * made a mistake and might be taken for a *. * * in a state of great * by his *, to whom * that he was a *, and that his * was in *. * * * sent for and * *, * * to his * after an absence of two years of * *. A most * investigation of the case * on behalf of the * * * * *.
* * * on this subject, written by * * in the * of the * * * *, * *. * had in early life shown a tendency to * conditions; but he had never before engaged in *, * could be remembered which would explain why * * the name A. *. *, under which he * *. *, *, * * when young and made to * * on the stage, and it is possible that the *. *. * * * suggested to *, the name * * *, to be * * * when he * went into * *.
* * describes a case somewhat similar to that of * *: *, * *, * up to the present * is still *) has been under the care of a * * * *. * normal, or at least * * when he * met her was one of * * * *, * * * * * * * and her answers to all * * to be perfectly *. Almost every day * * * * *. Suddenly and without the slightest * * * pain in the * she would fall into a * *, from which she would * in a few * totally different *. * was now as * * * * * * * *. * * * * of being * to everything, she had become * excess. In this state * * everything that * in the other * states that had * *, * * * normal life. But when at the end of an hour * * * *, * * returned to her * *, she could not * anything that had * * second, or *, *. One day, just after * * * *, * * * * of an * in a * * felt the period * on which * * * * *. * * * *, * the attention of the * who were in the *, * in the other *, * at a loss to know why * in a * * * people who, according to * * the qualities of a deceased * * * * not even *. Accustomed to such *, * *; * * * managed to understand the situation, and * * what had happened. * when in her * * discovered that her husband had a *, * * * that she * * * *. * in her * * meets the woman with * * * of any cause for *. It is only in * state that the * *. As the years * * * * * * * condition. That which was at * and abnormal now constitutes the regular center of * life. It is * * * * * * the two * * * * her, the * * * reached the *.
* * the history of the case of a young * * who was * * * of a * * * he became *. In the course of * * * *, and about the third day * * in New * * * to a *, and having a * * *; * * * * * *. * * on each of three * he would * * * * * * on the previous *. * * * open and to * he was * during this peculiar *. * * he had been doing he would * that he had *. * * * * * * * *. In proportion as his nervous system * * * * *, * * * * *, and he * * * *.
A further example of this * * * * * * at a meeting of the Clinical Society of * * well known * * * * * * to a family of good *, * * in the * * * * this condition of * *. * of the case is as *.
"Last year, after a severe * which was diagnosed to be *, * * subject to * * *, * * from which * appeared in * * *. In her * * * * * * * * *, and with *. In the altered * * following the * * * * * * *, * she can * that have taken * * * *. * * this alteration of *, that at first * * * * her own name or to identify * or her *. * training in the abnormal * she has been * * * their names, * * * * * * *. * * remains in * condition for days together and the change to her * takes place *, * * * * * * * * possession of her * * * * * life. During the last * or two * * * * on a new *, * after a * * * * * * * * * * * had happened * *, * * * * * * * * * to that date as though they were * occurrence; in fact she is * * * *, 1895.
These cases, though rare, are of course not * *, and they have been carefully *, especially in * * appear more prone to * *. * * * * * is that the two halves * * do not work in *; in other words, that there has * interference with the connections which in the * * * of a * * * like the * * *.
* * a story of a * * * *. His father was a heavy *, his mother subject to *, * * * * *, and the * was very *. It was said that a judge in *, * * * * * *, * * * into an *. On one occasion, * * into a * in a *, * * into a sleep, and was taken to the * * * *. * * * loss of * * lengths of time, and underwent a change * * * *. * * * * * * * * * of his * life, and * to his original * * * * * * * * * *, * * * *. * * * * * * * * * * * * * for three * * * in a * * * *, * about his * *; * * * * * * had paid a visit to the * of the * * * * *, and he had * * with an *, *, * * * he had * *, * * * * * * * * * * by a * * *. * these three * he had * * * but he could not * a single * * * * a remarkable case of sudden loss of * in a *, * on his way to *, was found by the police * * condition and who was * in the * * *. * * * loss of all * * * of the names of two men not * *, * * failed to recognize * in his * * *. Four months later * * * * * * *.
In the * * * there are the details of a case of a young man who seemed able to assume * states of * be fairly * * *. * * to each of these states * very different, * * * * * of the others. The * from complete * to complete *. * * * * *, * * * *; and to four of his conditions there was * * * * *. * * * * * any one of these varied forms of *, * * *, *, * * * *.
A young man * *, * * of the * Hospital, was * before the * * * *, as an example of * *. At the time * he is and has been in apparently * *, * * of having been in any other condition. * * *, * * manifests itself in his * of the * * assigned to * at the * * * * * * which connects * * with its * * * * * at some point of time * * * and after * 19th, the last * at which he * * parents, and as if in a *, he is now * *. The hospital staff * believe that the man is *" as many * seem to preclude * * * is perfect as to everything back to * *. * * * * advanced in explanation of this case.
* * * of twin *, illustrated in * * *" has been discussed * *, *, *, *, and others. * * * would seem to verify * * *, the history of * nine months of age, * * * * * *, * * * * * * * * * *, *. * a case of twin * * * * *, who had the same * at the same time, and * * * *. * * * development of * * * * *. * case of this kind was that of the * * * * * in a hospital * *; * * * at the same time, and * * of the lens *.
* has been noticed as a sequel to * injuries, and * * a remarkable * reported by *. * * a young man * * * * * destroyed by *. * * signs of * on the right side, * * * and he became subject to * * * * * * *, during which * a mere *. In these * * * * * * *, but not * a word. * * * *, * shock, or *. If a * * in his * he would write a good *, * * * *. When a * * * * * * * * * box, and * * * * * it. If the light * * * *, but would not * another to * a match. * * * to be * * *, * * * a light to be presented to *. * * * * in his * instead of tobacco * * no difference. * * periods of * he was in the habit of * * * *. He had been a * *, * * fact was that if given * * he would * them on and * * * of the actions of a * * * *, *, * his position, and *.
It is particularly in * * * manifestations of * are most marked. At the suggestion * * * * at once *, or if some * * * as an * the fight is continued, * * * not to strike the person in question. * * * * * *, * * of such * * * conclude that these were *, * *, *, * * of the *, there was a *, * *, * * the actions of *, and which * * * * at a human * * at an * *. Many may * * * * * * *; * * * *, * * in the * * * * * * *, so the * * * *, * he is * or not at all aware of *.
* * * * case of lack of integrity of the will in a man * *. When he had * * on a certain * seemed to have no power to stop the muscular * * * * *. If he * to the * to throw down a * *, he would never * until the * * * * came to his *. * sent to the * * * of wood, he would continue to bring in * * * * * or the * * *. On all * * * could only be * * *.
At a meeting * * * * * account of a man who suffered from simple * of movement without any *. * from his own desire, or by direction of * wanted to attempt * * *, * * * * * to his *. If he * to look * *, * * * moved to the left. In this * movement was not *, as the muscles * * * called to * by the *, and then they * * *.
*, * * * * *, appearing to be a * *, has been established as a strong * the production of a fatal issue in many cases in which * * * for a recovery. In fact * * * * * the peculiar * of such *, *, *, *, *, and other * speak of it. * * a remarkable case of * suffering from carcinoma of the uterus. * * * * when she * * she had a strong * death on * *. * stated that she had been * * *, * * * * * * * 28th, and * * * * * on that day. * * * * * * *, * * into a state of extreme *, * * on the 28th * died. In * * * of the influence of * * * case in which he was called at an early * to visit *, the mother of several *. * * * * * * *, and in great * * * * she had had, in which * * * * * by some children to their *. She had * * * *, she could not tell as to * * * * *, * * * * weak, and * * * * * * without a * has made several observations on this subject, * * * of death is a dangerous *, * which should never be overlooked. One of his * was in * with a * leg in the * * * *. * was in good health, but one day he became * * *, *, * * * impression that he was about *. * with his *, * * * * * * *, * * the patient there was * * * * *. But he *, * * * * * days later which * * * * of the grave, * * ultimately recovered. * * a young man * * * * * *, after an operation for *, had a very * that he would die. Careful examination * * * *. * * * * days of * *, * appeared to be * that his * *, and he * up the idea of death. About the ninth * * * a healthy, * appearance, and as * * * he was allowed to leave * *. After a * * * heard the * * * *, * * found the patient * in a * * was given * * * *, * *, and died in a few *. At the * * * * *, but there were two or three * * blood in the brain, and * * *. * * that he * a case he had * * *. * * *. * *: "A man * * * * * * * * *, * * * * * * *. * *; * * * * * by the advice of some * *. He was * * * * hand. It was *, * * * * up to the shoulder, and it was * * *, and at last, * *, * * * below the joint. * * sloughed, and * * the back of the neck, an opening * * *. He became * a weak state that * could not be administered, * * he had such a * of more * *, * * * * * * *, * * * it no more, * * *' * * * die in a few minutes in our *. * the last * * *. * * * * *.
* *.
* *.
A short history of the principal *, * as it does the description of anomalous *, many of which are *, and the * * * finally led to *, the extraordinary * which these *, and many other * points of interest * * to close the observations * in this *. * * * *, in the history of every *, * * times, the * * * * * * * * * of such * * * * even in the earliest times there was neither * * * * * * *. "When the glandular * * its appearance as a universal *, * * *, * * * *, * * in their *, * * * * at the * * * * of the deceased. * has occurred both in ancient and modern times, * * results for *; *, more mature * * * * to become * with similar or * * among the *, but, as * * * * * * referring to * *, * learned of *, from a partial and * *, * * * descriptions of *, * * * *, * * *, * * of her *.
* * * be a natural interest in every medical * * in the few * * of the * ravages of * *, *, in our * * * * *. In the history of such * * * * * out so * that any * * * * necessarily, in some measure, find their origin * *, which include * histories of the *, * * *, and the * *. * have considered worthy of more than a passing * * of such magnitude as the black death, * * of the human race in the * * * * * * *. * has given but a * to it and others have been equally brief. * * us a journal of the *, but it is not written in a * *; * *, * gave us a * on the * *. It is due to the * * "Epidemics of the Middle *" * *, * through the good * of the * *, * * part of the knowledge on this subject of * * has been derived.
The Black Death, or, as it has been known, the Oriental plague, the * *, or in *, simply the *, * *, * *" (the great *) * its name * *; * * *, tumors of the glands, * *, indicative of * *, * * * been seen in no other * *. All the symptoms * found in every case, and in many cases * * * *. * * with all the manifestations * *, some patients *. According to * * * * * * *; many patients * * * into a deep *, * * * * of the tongue, * * * * * *. * * and tongue * black and as if * *; * * * * * * *, * * * * * until death, * * * * * with their own *. * *, * * * the disease from their parents *, and many * * * of their *. * * * * * * * *, such as had not been * *. * * * became the * of a * *, * *, and the * * * * *. * * * * *, accompanied by an evacuation of * fatal in the first three *. It appears that * * * did not at first appear, but the disease * form of * * of the lungs * * the fatal * before the other symptoms *. * in the history of the plague the inflammatory * * * * * * * * recognized at once * a fatal *.
The history of this * * * * * times. There was a * * * in the fifth * * * * another in the second *, *, under the * * *, and again in the third *, under the * * *; * this was the * epidemic of * *, *, * * * the territory of *, * *. * * * *, * about the year gives a good description of this * a work, * *" so called in the *. * * * * * *" says that * in the * * *, * *, and followed * *, one branch going to * and the other *. * * * in the * * * the greatest * * * appeared. In * of the succeeding half century * * * and spread over all the * *. * * four months in *, * * * each day. In his "History of *" * * * * of a * under the name * * * * * *. In another * * * * * says that the * * * * by a * * *. We have records of * * * * in which * * * * *. About the middle of the * * * * * * * from the *. * * years before the * appeared in *, * * * * * followed by * * * * of people *. There are * of a * * * following a *, which is said to have * * *. During the * years before * of the * * * there were * * all over the world, * *. From the description of the * * * * at this time it is quite possible that part of * *, not from *, * originated in Southern *. * * * route of * * to the * * * *, * *, * *. * * * * * * * of the * * *, * * *, and the * of communication between *, * *. * * went from * * * * * at the * * of the * *, * * * others from * * * * *; * * on the Red * * * * * * * *. In all these * * * * * * * and the * * * * the chief foci of infection, * * * to the * * and islands. As early as * * * * by the *, and in *, * in the * * *, * * * *, and also *. * * * was attacked throughout the year, * * the whole * * * *, * * * *, a period of three * * * * *. The northern * * * * * * it did not make its appearance * * As to the mortality of this * * * * that in the space of four years more than *, that is, about half of the population of the *. * estimates that from * * *, * * of the total population of *. * reported to * * that throughout the *, * the exception of *, * * * * to the *. * * are said to have died * *. * * * of its * * * was at its greatest * * * * * as many as * * * * * * * *. * * *. *, *, *, * * * covered with *. In this latter * * * * * * *, *, * * in some * * *. * * of the * * * * * seen on the high * * *. * *" * gives a most * description of * * states that in *, in four months, *; before the * it was * * * * * *. According to *, * * *, *, *, *, *, *, * says that in one * * victims in *, and at * of the population and all the physicians * with the *.
* * *, wife of * * * * *; * *, * * *, * * * * *; * * *, and other * * *. All the * * * * *. * seems to have * *; according to a probable *, * *. * * most severely *, * * to have lost most of its *. In the * * * of the brothers of *, * * *, died; and * * * *. * * * * in the northern * * * * *, * * havoc in those *.
* * effect of such a great * * can be readily *. The mental * sustained by all * * * of the black * is beyond * *. * * sense of * * * * of every *. * * * * *, and to make * * * *; * * * * * * * *. * * * * * * *. * * * * *, * known as the Order of *, * * in the * *, * * suppressed by * * * efforts of the *, * * * *, and numbers of these * * * through the various * on their * * * * to such an extent that the * * * *, for these * * * * among the people, and * * * * * than the * from whom they * * * * * * each other. * * * * *, and their numbers * to such an extent * the State and the * * forced to combine * *. *, *, * * *, * *, and they * beyond their strength in * * * *. One of the most * * * * was the * of the *. * * * * up to the * * * * of the *. * of the * * * * * *, * * * * *, * * * * against them on the * charge of * * *. * * * * * * *, * * * in the most *. * * * * * * in their *, where a large * had been *, * * divided among the people. In * * said to have been * to a * death. At * * * * * themselves in their *, * * often seen * * children on the *, * them from being *, and then * into the *. * * * * * * * against these * * * * * to the * of the popular *, and even a * * among the * * * * * to their *. When we * up the actual effects as well as the * of the black death, we are * at the magnitude * * *, the like of which the world had never *.
In the * * * * * * * * * * *, and in the latter half of * century a final * * of the * *. * * * * * * from the *, and in the mortality in that * * persons. But the great * * * * * * In this plague the patient at first * of great * and fatigue, * * *, *, vertigo, and pains in the *. * * * increased, and * * * * * * * * * *, and a sense * * * in the region of the heart. * * * all over the body, soon followed by * of the lymphatic glands, or by the formation * in various parts of the body. About the third day * * dry and brown, and the *, tongue, and teeth * with a dark *, and the * * * *; * * * * * * appeared on the skin; finally the * *, * * * * *, delirium or coma seized the * in five * * days, sometimes in two or three, * * was at an end.
It was * that the disease originated in the * and was brought to * * *. In his * of the * *" * * * *, and tells of the * * through the * * * *. * * * * *" the evidence of an * * *, show the * aspects of this *. * * * * *: "In the *, * * and of them died of the *. But it is * the true number of the dead * * * * * from the poor who cannot be taken care of through * of the number, and * from the * * * will not have any * * for them." According to * * noted in his *. * * * *; *, * * * along the * * * * * * *. *, a dismal *, * * * so many * exposed in the *; * * * people, the * * up, and all in *, no one * * might be *.
As the * * * on the * * * * and the people * * * and returned to *. According to *, in the first week of *, 1666,
deaths by the * * * * and by the end of * it was nearly * * * * * 100,000
victims. In our * we can hardly * * * * under which the people in the * *, and it * to this fact that the growth and * * * was due.
As to the * * * * * *, *, * * says that it was the same disease as the great *, and was * mainly by glandular *. * * appeared in the * * * forty years or * it was endemic in *. In some * it began in *; and as early as * * * found the first * * in an infected *. In no case was * found to exist. The glands * * * * * *, and sometimes * * * * a short time. * has recently * the discovery * specific cause of the * *.
* * * *, * shortly after * * * * * Field, and his * * * * * * * * * * among the people of the * * *. * * * the disease * * * *, * * the end of *, The physicians could * * * for the people, and seemed to take * account of * history of the * this respect not unlike * physicians who for four * * paid no * * because they could find no description of it in * works of *. The causes seemed to be *, * *, and also * * * *. * * has been * factor in the * of the * * * * * * soon after in the * * *, and on * of the *.
* * was an inflammatory rheumatic fever, with great disorder of the nervous system, and was characterized by * * * *. In the * * *, meninges, and the nerves * affected in a *. The functions of the * * * * in this disease, as was shown by the * and extreme *, * * * to which * * * *. * * and profound * show that there * injury to the brain, to which, in all *, * * * of black blood in the * *. * * gave rise to the * * of the * function of the lungs * * *. * fever in * * was a form of the *. There were * * and in * * the disease * * six months and * * * * * weeks after its appearance, * * limited to *. * * * of the third * of the disease. In 1528
and there was a fourth * * resulted in * of the * * * *. It is said that in
1524 a * * * * people in *, * this was the same disease. In the disease * all over *, * with great *.
*, *, * * * * *. * * * *, at this time, is described by * in a * * *. *, *, *, * * * * of the lower *, * * *, so that * reached the same * * as in *. * * * * to avoid the * * *, until at last * * * of so * a life * * * * * * *. It was not * of the land * who were affected, but even * * * of the air *. According to *, * * * * * *, * * * * under the * * * as large as * * * among them a disease, and this * * * * * of the *. The disease * of a * infectious nature, as was * * * spread and the occasional absence of a history *. It was particularly * in its development by * and humidity.
* * effect of the * *, similar to that of the black *, * again to increase * * * * * * *.
On the 15th * *, there was an outbreak of the fifth and * epidemic of * fever in *, on the * * * * * * all over England, and * * * * * * *. The mortality was *. * * * * *, * * * exempt. The * about the 30th * *. * that time * * has never * * *; but in * of the * century a disease very similar * * * * out in *, * * * the end of the century * spread to the * * * * that time has appeared *, * having been observed in the course of one * * years, from * The disease has * * * * and in various parts of * * * it has been observed in a few * the present * *.
* Table of the Principal * *, *. *. *, *, published a chronologic table of some * * * on record. In comments on his *, * that he has * * mention of many *, * * * * *, are probably * *, * * applied the terms * * in a generic sense to diseases *. It must also be remembered that, in some cases, * have been due to *, want, and *, which are * * * *. Following the idea *, * * * have been included in this *.
* *.
* * * records it appears that *, or a disease with similar *, * known in * * * *, and it was * to have been * a very early period in *. Most likely it was * * in the second * by a * * * *. Before the sixth century, the * century of the *, * seem to be no records of * * * *. * *, *, nor the * * * * *, * *, * * now believed that the * * * died of *. According to *, the first * * was in *, * *, * * * *, *. * * * * * *, *, * * * *) Ten years * * * describes an epidemic with all the symptoms * in the fifth * * * * * * the region of *, which was * by a great * * describes a similar epidemic in * * * as the * * *, * * * * * * the latter part of the ninth * wrote a most * * * and measles, which is the earliest * of these diseases, * * * * * who had previously described them, and who * rules for their *. * * these diseases * theory of *, and recommended * *. * * that although it is * * existed for ages in * * *, * * in those * from the * * was not introduced into the * until the close * * *. * * * by the *, * * * * of their *, and was in this way * *. The foregoing * disagrees with * *. It is well known that * * prevalent in * * description of it, and after the * * * Central and Western *, * did not extend to * * until some years later. In * * it into * *, and in * *, * * a more * * than the * * * * *, * according to * * * * * * millions and a half of people. In * * *, * * * more than * of its * according to *, it almost * * *, *, and other * * * *, * suffered from * *. * * * was introduced in and many * * *. According to *, at the beginning of * * * * of the population * * * England, and at the end of the century * of the * * * * *. In the * the statement was made in * that one person * * * * *. The mortality of the * the latter half of the * * was about three * * * *. * * * * * * for the development of *, * * * the mortality from * has been * * * * twenty years. From * * * * * * * * *, and several years * * died from this disease. *, * * * * are frequently * *, and nearly all the inhabitants of * are said * * of the disease. In the * * of the * * * victims to the * It was first introduced into the * Islands in
1853, and it * * * * per cent of the *, *, * *, and the * * * the present * * * * *; * * * carried to * in vessels, * * * * * it. On the * * * believed that * was unknown until the * *. It has been spread through * * to nearly * * * of both * * * *, * * * *, * * * *, * * have been *.
* * a disease * general and so * at one *, through the ingenuity of man, * * * *, become almost *, is one of the greatest * *.
* * known in * * and in * * letter of * * * * * * in part the following *.
* *, * fatal and so * * *, is here * *, by the invention of *, which is * they give it. There is a set of old women who make it * to perform the * * * in the month *, when the great * * *. * * * * to know if any of their * has a * to have *; they make * for this purpose, and when they *, the old * comes with a * full of the matter * * sort of *, * * * * you please * *. * * * * that you * * with a *, and puts into the vein as much matter as can * * * of her *, and after that binds up the * * * * *, and in this manner * four or * *.
Soon after * * * * * * * * * *, * four years later * * was to be the * * * *. * * * * * * of the medical profession, * * * * of the public. * * * * * * * * to control the * * * * * *. * *, for example, * * * * * *, and that he * * by the Devil. * *, *, * * among the higher classes. In * * * * * * * * * * inoculation of * *, * * * * * * practice in his own family; the experiment was *, and the individuals * * it was made * * * *.
According to *, * was introduced into this country in * *. * * * *, who had * * to the practice * * *, * * * * * * * * * * * *, and six *. * * * the practice *, and at one time the * * * * closed by order of the *. * end of the century * * hospital was * * * *.
Early in the * * * * * * * *. * * * *, who was * spreading a knowledge of the practice throughout the *.
* *, as we have already seen, during the * century the mortality from * *. * of inoculation was that the person * * with a mild form of *, which however, *, and led to a virulent form in * * * * * * *, * measure was * *, and it was * * * * * * that the * * on the ravages of * was made.
* * * * due to the persistent efforts of *. * *, * * of the * * *, * * In his comments on the life of * *, *, in "The Healing *" * * * * * * * *, as follows: "To the ravages of * the possibility of finding * * * * * his attention. It is likely enough that his * * in this direction by the * of the * * * by the process of inoculation. * * that process *. He was *, *, and put * * *, * * * of human * *' * * to a skeleton. He was * exposed to the * * *. *, he had but a mild *; * * itself and the * *, were probably * of the excessive * * * * *.
* * * acting as a * * * * *, a young * applied to * * *. In her * * * was made to the universal *, * * *: * * * take it, for I have had *' * * * * to make inquiries; and he * * * *, derived from infection, appeared on * * *, * from the * * * *; * * * regarded as a * *. The subject * * * so much * * * it to * * and the great * alluded to it in his *, * never seems * * * idea that it might suggest * * * *. *, *, * *, and in * * to his *, * * * * * that it might be his work in life * * by the mode of treatment * * * * name of *.
"At the * of the * * * * *, of both of which * was a member, * so frequently * * * *, and so * * upon the value * as a prophylactic, that he was * as a * in a * it was * proposed that if the * *, he should * and there be *. * * * find a * and enforce * * upon the * * * of mankind he had to do his work * * * * * * * * * he had in view was too great * * * *, * to discourage *. When he * the mental * * inflicted by the disease, and the * * him that he was on the point of finding a * * *, * * * * * * * * of personal *, * * * * * * the purity of his * *. * * * * *' * *, * * at the * * of being the * destined to take away from * one of its greatest *, * with the * * * *, * * * * *, * * *, that, in * * * * * *, I have sometimes found * in a kind of * * * * * * * * * * * * to that Being from whom this and * * *' At last an opportunity * * * * to the test. On the 14th day of May, * * * * in the Healing *, and is not * * * kept as a national * than the day * * matter or * was taken from the hand * * *, who had been infected from her * * * inserted by two * * into the arms * *, a healthy * of about * years of age. * * * * * without any * *, * boy was * * for the * *. The protection * complete; and * * * * * * *. * * * *, * having been examined and approved by *, * under the title of * * into the * Effects of the * *' * *, * * * * * the security against the * by the true *, * proceeded to trace the * that disease in the cow to a similar * of the *.
This publication produced a great * in the medical world, and * * * * that in the following * had the * of the majority of the * * *. * was soon introduced into * * * * * of his * * * * recognition of the importance of *. * * * all over the *; and in *. * * * * it into *; * * *, * * * in their * and those of their * * *. * shown that * was introduced into * * * with its * * *. * * * * *, * * * * displayed on a striking *; * the average * had been * the number * fell to * * * * After the introduction of * * the mortality was reduced from nearly * * * * per million *. * * epidemic in * * * * * * * children, and among every * * * * they found with the * *, * of every * * some evidence *, * * any such traces of * *. * * has been * *, * * *. * * law was * * * * * that had not already * * * * in the first year of its life, and every * * * or public institution must be * * * in which his or her * * *. * * * * out of *; * * * not a single death from * occurred in the * * * * * * in this latter * * *, * * a few important * * is all that is necessary * appreciate the * * * * *. In the last *, * the enormous * * (it was computed that, in the middle of the *, * * * * * * * * *, *, *, *, * * * least one member of every *.
* * * * * * * *, where it is now * * * to such an extent as to destroy
750,000 * in the space of five years. There * evidence of the existence of cholera to be found * * of some of the classic * * * * as far back as the beginning of the * *. * * * * * * in the * * of this disease. *, * * *, * * having all the characteristics of * * * in the * * * * * * * * and which, within a * * of those *. According to *, *, * * * * * * * * * * *, the chief * *, * * * *. * * * * extended to * *, * * have never been * as extensive * the Oriental *. An excellent * * * * epidemics of the * * beyond the borders of * been given by *. * * crossed the * *, * * * *, * * *, reaching the * * * In the * years it * * * * and invaded * at the * * * * * * * *, * appeared as far * * *. * in
1830, from * * * * * *. * * * *, * * and the * * *, entering the * * * * * * * for the first time, appeared in *, * * * by some * *.
* * * * * * way to the United States by way of *. In the same * * appeared in New * * spread along the * *.
"During the * * * * * * *, * * * up the * *. Extending into the *, * * * among the *, * * * * * * * * by the * * * *. * * * on the * * * * *, * did not * * *, and in * year New * * * * by way of *. * * * * * * * * * * first time in * *, * *, however, to * * on the * *.
* the disease * * beyond its natural *, * * by way of *, * In the * * * it also appeared in Great *, *, * *, and the United States, * by way of New * * *. In the succeeding two years the entire * * * of the * * * *. * and
1852 the disease was frequently * * *, * * * in great numbers from the various * * *. * * * * * in this country, *, *, * * * of infected * * *. In the * years it also * out in numerous * * * * * at intervals * * * * * * come to an end before the disease * * * *, * * *, and extending *, *, and the * * *, during the years
1863 to In the latter * * * * by way * * *. * * spread over the *, * * * into this country by way of *, *, and New *. * * * extensively in * *, * produced only slight * on the *, * kept in check by * sanitary measures. * * * the disease was * carried to *, and invaded for the first time the * * * * * * * and the * * of the *.
* * * * * * during the latter half of the sixth decade, and in * * * * *, * off a quarter of a million of the * * out in * spread from * * * * and was *, * into this country, * * of New * and extending up the * *. * * * * * suffered from this epidemic in 1873,
and * * year the United States has been entirely * * disease, with the exception of a few * cases in * * * (and in * an epidemic * * * * and spread to many of the *, * * * * * *. * * during this latter epidemic the total number of cases * * of a million, * * deaths. In 1886
cholera caused at least deaths in *. In the * * * * * * * * * *, * * * * invaded the * * for a *. * * alone there were * deaths from * the first six months of Since then the entire * has been virtually free from the disease.
* there was an epidemic of cholera in the *; and in * * * * along the * of the * all the lines of commerce * *, * * * * * in the * * * *. * * * a few cases appeared in New * * * in New * *, * * * * * * *.
* fever is now a rare disease, and * are quite *. It has long been known under the names *, *, *, *, *, and has been the regular * of such * * *, *, *, * *. * * * * epidemics of typhus * from time to * *, * * can be traced to some *.
Yellow Fever is a disease * * in the * * and certain sections of what was formerly known as * *. * * * areas of *.
The focal * from which the disease is never *, * *, * *, *, and the other * *.
* * *, * regions of periodic *, including the * of the tropical * * *.
The zone of * *, between the * * * * * * * *.
In the * * *, *, *, * * suffered from epidemics of yellow fever. * * half of the * century the disease was * through the * *. * first appeared in the * at the principal * * *, *, *, * and in * * * * *, * * that time * * * * in the * *.
* epidemic of * *, * * described by * *, *, according to *, the most serious * * * in any * of the Middle *. * * of the * was only during the * *, *, *, * * the mortality, * * *, * of whom died in the months of * *. During the following ten years epidemics of a * * along the * of the United States, and in 1853
the disease * throughout the * *, * * * in New * * of nearly In the epidemic of
1878 in the * States the mortality was nearly * * * * for the first time in * since
1849 the disease has been endemic in *. * * * * have also * * * * * * * * the disease is * *, *, * *, and it appears with such * * * at the present * * more on the * yellow fever in the destruction of the * * than on their own *.
* is distinctly * * * * origin, and * * * times in * * *. It was * * * * * * by a * * * * * * * * *. * * * * * in the * *. * * * * * *, and from that time on to the * * * *. At this *, the number of * * * so large, they were obliged to * to certain portions of the country, and they * * * *. *, and small hospitals were * * to this *. * * * of these * counted, and later, according to *, there were 19,000
in the * *. * laws and * were made * the spread of the *. * it was * * were as many as * in one hospital in *.
* * is made in the * * * * *, which was really a type of leprosy, and is * synonymous with it. According to *, * * that the * * * under the name of * *. Before the time of *, * * * * * * *, and assigns * * * where it occurs. * gives the *, and adds that the disease is * * *, but is very common in certain other countries. * us with several * * * * * *, with a * * the value of the * of the *, and in * * * that the disease is common in *. * left a very * picture of the symptoms of *; * * recapitulates the principal features * us that the disease is * * *. The opinion * * * * * which we * * * * * is more * * * * * * * isolation of those * * discusses the disease. The * * * * * under the name of *, * * * rendered by the word *. *, * *, *, *, *, * * * *.
The statistics of leprosy * * * before the numbers affected in the *. The extent of its former * *, but it is estimated that at the present day there * * * *, and the number in * * * *. According to *, * in the * there were * in the * * * states that there were cases at * *; * * cases at * *. Cases of leprosy are * found among the * on the * *, * * case is seen in the large * of this country. * * day in *, * * was once * * * is never found except in * and the * *.
* few diseases have caused so much * * * * *. * * from all friends and *, * of property and * from the world, * * * * * * * * * * *. As to the * *, * * description can be given than that printed in * *, *, * *! * * * * no one would follow *. * * than the * * of old, it distorts, and scars, and *, * *, * * * * * *, * * *, * *, * * *, * * *, * * * * * and tell the * tale of a living *, * * * left of *. *, *, *, *, *, *, * after the other are slowly * * * * at the end of ten, *, twenty years, it may be, * *, * in every * *, * * * *, *, *, * * of others, *, * the most * of men."
* the best evidence has seemed to prove that * * * origin in during the * * * * * * *; but in later days * * among them *, * stated that there is * of the existence of syphilis in * *. * evidence of traces of syphilis among the * * years ago, among the * at the time of *, among the * * * * * *, * * * * * * *. * * * to have found * * * disease in the * other bones of the * * *, * * evidence to the * of the * * *. * * * *, * * * *, * * * * *. * *: * * *; * *, upon their first * *, * * * * * * *, * * * * * *, * *, * * * * * *" The first * * are given under the name of * *, * * * * * * * * * *. The name of syphilis * said to have been * * it by a physician * *, in a * describing the * * * * * * * * * * *, * supposes that a *, * * *, * * * * * *, * * * *. * * * * * * * a disease * *, which the inhabitants of the country * * * *.
* * * * * *.
* * the origin of the word * * *, with, and *, *, * * * *; which means in plain * * * is a disease * * especially by *. The first * epidemic of syphilis * between
1493 and * * * *, neither the * * * * spared. The ravages of this disease * * * treatment with * * * * was found * doses to be a specific in this disease. It is * * * manifestations of syphilis of which we * * * * * in a great * due to the * * *. At the present * syphilis is *. In his excellent monograph * * * *, * that one out of suffered from it; and White * * the opinion that "not less than 50,000
people in that * are affected with syphilis." * *, on this basis * estimates the number of * * United States at one time as * * no disease, * * tuberculosis, is a greater agency in augmenting the general mortality and * * *. * * features, the * in which it may be * outside of the * * * *, and the careful way in which it is kept * * * render it a * which, at * day, we seem to have no method of *.
* Mortality from * * to the direct influence on the mortality of the most common * * the present *, *, * *, * in the *. * * * * situation is * *. * * that in the Blood * Reserve of * * *, * six years, * * of about there were deaths from *. This enormous *, it is to be * in a * * one of the * * * *, among the * of the * *, a region * consumption is extremely rare among the white * in which cases of tuberculosis from the * * * *. * * a table * * * (based on the * * * * infectious diseases * * *. * for each * give a * measure of its * different countries. The large * as to * * absence in * * * *" *, * * *, * *, * * * *; * seems to be very fatal in * * *; * has a large rate for * * the same is true of the other *; *, *, * show a very large rate for *, * * * * *.
DEATHS FROM CERTAIN * * *.
*- * * * *- *. *. *. * *. *, * *. *, *, * *. *, *, *, *, *, *, * Based upon the Tenth * *, * * that of every inhabitants of the United States the number of deaths * * * * * * * * *.
*. *.
*, Scarlet Fever, *, *,
Typhoid Fever, *, * The general average of deaths from * was about lastword lastword lastword End of * * * * Anomalies and * of Medicine
Last modified: January 18, 2008